GCSE Psychology

PAPER 1 REVISION BOOKLET

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Criminal Psychology

Key terms: Social Construct

Deviation from norms

Role model

Direct reinforcement

Vicarious reinforcement

Internalisation

Defining and measuring crime- Test Yourself: What are the 5 different types of crime?

How is criminal behaviour a social construct?

What is meant by ‘deviation from norms’ in relation to crime?

What are some of the ways that crime can be measured?

Social Learning theory as an explanation of criminality- Test Yourself: Who are typical role models for criminal behaviour?

Can you explain the difference between vicarious reinforcement and direct reinforcement?

What might motivate us to imitate a role models behaviour?

How does criminal behaviour become internalised?

Why should putting an age restriction on video games reduce violent offences?

Is this explanation of criminal behaviour based on nature (something we are born with) or nurture (something we learn)?

Cooper and Mackie’s study into video games and aggression in children- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Extraversion

Neuroticism

Psychoticism

Dopamine

Eysenck’s criminal personality theory- Test Yourself: What is meant by psychoticism?

What are the traits of a neurotic extrovert?

How does the reticular activating system work differently in extroverts and introverts?

What is the role of dopamine in criminal behaviour?

What is the role of conditioning in criminal behaviour?

Does this explain the behaviour of ALL criminals?

Heaven’s study of delinquency, extroversion, psychoticism and self-esteem- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Punishment

Rehabilitation

Application: the changing nature of punishment- Test Yourself: What is meant by rehabilitation in relation to crime?

How does restorative justice try to reduce criminal behaviour?

How does the use of role models try to reduce criminal behaviour?

What are the different ways of punishing criminal behaviour?

How can punishment also act as a deterrent for crime?

Development Key terms:

Nervous system

Neuron

Synapse

Frontal Lobes

Prefontal cortex

Limbic system

Temporal lobes

Stages of development and IQ- test yourself

What is the name of the stage of development between childhood and adulthood?

What happens to neurons and synapses over the lifespan?

How does brain structure change over the lifespan?

How does the IQ test measure intelligence?

Key terms:

Cognitive development

Invariant

Schema

Object permanence

Animism

Egocentrism

Decentration

Conservation

Reversibility

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development- test yourself What are the four stages of development?

How do Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development differ from each other?

What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation according to Piaget?

What cognitive skills do children show by the end of the concrete operational stage?

Piaget’s research into cognitive development and conservation of number- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Mindset

Learning styles

Learning theories of development-test yourself Why are both Dweck’s theory and Willingham’s theory identified as learning theories?

What is the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset?

Why is it important to praise effort, according to Dweck?

Why does Willingham disagree with the idea of learning styles?

Blackwell’s study into fixed and growth mindsets- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Application: the changing role of education-test yourself How do key stages in education relate to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

What did Piaget mean by active learning?

What evidence is there of learning theories being used in education?

Psychological Problems

Key terms:

Incidence

Prevalence

Stigma

Discrimination

Key terms:

Delusions

Hallucinations

Defining mental health and social stigma- test yourself Why is there more than one way of defining mental health?

What is the difference between the prevalence and the incidence of mental disorders?

How did the Mental Health Act 1959 begin to change attitudes towards mental health?

Why might an individual be discriminated against after being diagnosed with a mental disorder?

What is meant by care in the community in relation to mental disorders?

Catatonic behaviour

Negative symptoms

Neurological

Grey matter

Hippocampus

Explanations of psychological problems- Schizophrenia- test yourself What is meant by dopamine hypothesis?

What is meant by brain dysfunction?

Which parts of the brain are associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia and how are they different in the people with the disorder?

What is meant by ‘social drift’?

What is meant by the ‘disengagement of individuals’?

What is meant by ‘rejection by society’?

Daniel’s study into biology and schizophrenia- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Amphetamine

Placebo

Irrational belief

Explanations of psychological problems- Depression- test yourself According to social rank theory. How does depression have an evolutionary function?

According to social rank theory, how does the role of lower social rank reduce conflict?

What is the difference between rational and irrational beliefs?

According to the ABC model, why does an activating event sometimes lead to depression but at other times does not?

Tandoc’s study into Facebook use and depression- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Serotonin

Noradrenaline

Unconscious

PET scan

fMRI scan

Application- the developments of treatments- test yourself How do anti-psychotics treat schizophrenia?

How do anti-depressants treat clinical depression?

How does psychotherapy work as a treatment?

How does neuropsychology contribute to the treatment of mental disorders?