parasitologia hungarica 10. (budapest, 1977)

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Parasit. Hung 10. 1977. Parasitic Nematodes of Microtus arvalis (Rodentia) in Hungary Dr. Ferenc MÉSZÁROS Zoological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest "Parasitic nematodes of Microtus arvalis (Rodentia) in Hungary. "- Mészáros, F, - Parasit. H u n g . J_0\_ 67-83. 1977. ABSTRACT. Six species of nematodes are reported from the field vole in Hun- gary: Heligmosomum costellatum, H. mixtum, Heligmosomoides iaevis, Boreo- strongylus minutus, Syphacia nigeriana, Trichocephalus muris. The morphology of the most frequently occurring H. costellatum, H. Iaevis and S. nigeriana as well as of B. minutus is described in detail. Range of hosts and distributional data of these species are also critically surveyed with special reference to the changes brought about in the last decade in the taxonomy of these nematodes. The field vole or common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall. , 1779) is represented by diverse sub- species in Europe, Central Asia, Southern Siberia, Mongolia and North-East China. That species is a major pest in the agriculture and well adapted to the conditions created by the mechanized, large scale farming. Parasitic helminths of that host species have been investigated by several authors. TENORA et al. (1973) summarized all relevant data on helminths of M. arvalis in Europe. According to their ascertainment 49 species of parasitic helminths (with synonymic species and including 25 nematodes) have.been reported from that host species. In addition to these, the occurrence in the field vole of Gongylonema neoplasticum (POPESCU et al, , 1974) and Thominx gastrica (PROKOPIC and GENOV, 1974) have also been reported from Rumania and Bulgaria, respect- ively. It is to be stated that the taxonomy of the parasitic nematodes of M. arvalis is far from being fully clarified. Nevertheless, in the last decade considerable changes have been proposed by DURETTE-DESSET (1968 a, b, 1971), QUENTIN (1971) and TENORA and MÉSZÁROS (1971, 1975) concerning the taxonomy of common parasitic nematodes (Heligmosomum, Heligmoso- moides, Syphacia) of rodents, thus we have now a somewhat clearer picture on the range of hosts of these nematodes. These taxonomic changes necessitate thorough revision of the data of related works published formerly. Such revision would greatly facilitate to ascertain the valid names o f o l d t a x a ac- cording to recent concept of taxonomy. E.g. previous publications usually mention Syphacia obvelata from M . a r v a l i s , a species to be termed to the present knowledge by all probability as S. nigeriana. Besides taxonomical-faunistical investigation of helminths living in the field vole, intensive studies had begun from the early seventies on the interrelationships between the population dinamics of the hosts and the extensity and intensity of their infection with parasites. The basic question was to clarify the possible correlation between the age composition of host pop- ulations and the extensity and intensity of helminth infection. For this purpose so called in- dicator species were used. The first results of these studies - not lacking also contradictory elements - were published by KISIELEWSKA (1971, 1974), TENORA (1972), KISIELEWSKA and ZUBCZEWSKA (1973), KISIELEWSKA et al. (1973), PROKOPIÖ (1973), PROKOPIC et al. (1973), BABA (1974), KRASOWSKA (1974), ZUBCZEWSKA (1974).

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Page 1: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

Parasit. Hung 10. 1977.

P a r a s i t i c Nematodes of M i c r o t u s a r v a l i s ( R o d e n t i a ) i n H u n g a r y

Dr. Ferenc MÉSZÁROS Zoological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest

" P a r a s i t i c n e m a t o d e s o f M i c r o t u s a r v a l i s ( R o d e n t i a ) i n H u n g a r y . " - M é s z á r o s , F , - P a r a s i t . H u n g . J_0\_ 6 7 - 8 3 . 1 9 7 7 .

A B S T R A C T . S i x s p e c i e s o f n e m a t o d e s a r e r e p o r t e d f r o m the f i e l d v o l e i n H u n ­g a r y : H e l i g m o s o m u m c o s t e l l a t u m , H . m i x t u m , H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s i a e v i s , B o r e o - s t r o n g y l u s m i n u t u s , S y p h a c i a n i g e r i a n a , T r i c h o c e p h a l u s m u r i s . T h e m o r p h o l o g y of the m o s t f r e q u e n t l y o c c u r r i n g H . c o s t e l l a t u m , H . I a e v i s a n d S. n i g e r i a n a as w e l l as o f B . m i n u t u s i s d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l . R a n g e o f h o s t s and d i s t r i b u t i o n a l da t a o f t h e se s p e c i e s a r e a l s o c r i t i c a l l y s u r v e y e d w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o the c h a n g e s b r o u g h t a b o u t i n the l a s t decade i n the t a x o n o m y o f t he s e n e m a t o d e s .

T h e f i e l d v o l e o r c o m m o n v o l e ( M i c r o t u s a r v a l i s P a l l . , 1779) i s r e p r e s e n t e d by d i v e r s e s u b ­s p e c i e s i n E u r o p e , C e n t r a l A s i a , S o u t h e r n S i b e r i a , M o n g o l i a and N o r t h - E a s t C h i n a . T h a t s p e c i e s i s a m a j o r p e s t i n the a g r i c u l t u r e and w e l l a d a p t e d t o the c o n d i t i o n s c r e a t e d by the m e c h a n i z e d , l a r g e s c a l e f a r m i n g .

P a r a s i t i c h e l m i n t h s o f t h a t h o s t s p e c i e s have been i n v e s t i g a t e d by s e v e r a l a u t h o r s . T E N O R A e t a l . (1973) s u m m a r i z e d a l l r e l e v a n t d a t a on h e l m i n t h s o f M . a r v a l i s i n E u r o p e . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r a s c e r t a i n m e n t 49 s p e c i e s o f p a r a s i t i c h e l m i n t h s ( w i t h s y n o n y m i c s p e c i e s a n d i n c l u d i n g 25 n e m a t o d e s ) h a v e . b e e n r e p o r t e d f r o m t h a t h o s t s p e c i e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e , the o c c u r r e n c e i n t he f i e l d v o l e o f G o n g y l o n e m a n e o p l a s t i c u m ( P O P E S C U et a l , , 1974) and T h o m i n x g a s t r i c a ( P R O K O P I C a n d G E N O V , 1974) have a l s o b e e n r e p o r t e d f r o m R u m a n i a a n d B u l g a r i a , r e s p e c t ­i v e l y .

I t i s t o be s t a t e d t h a t t he t a x o n o m y o f the p a r a s i t i c n e m a t o d e s o f M . a r v a l i s i s f a r f r o m b e i n g f u l l y c l a r i f i e d . N e v e r t h e l e s s , i n the l a s t d e c a d e c o n s i d e r a b l e changes h a v e been p r o p o s e d by D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1968 a, b , 1 9 7 1 ) , Q U E N T I N (1971) a n d T E N O R A a n d M É S Z Á R O S ( 1 9 7 1 , 1975) c o n c e r n i n g the t a x o n o m y o f c o m m o n p a r a s i t i c n e m a t o d e s ( H e l i g m o s o m u m , H e l i g m o s o ­ m o i d e s , S y p h a c i a ) o f r o d e n t s , t hus we h a v e n o w a s o m e w h a t c l e a r e r p i c t u r e on t he r a n g e o f h o s t s o f t he se n e m a t o d e s .

T h e s e t a x o n o m i c c h a n g e s n e c e s s i t a t e t h o r o u g h r e v i s i o n o f the da ta o f r e l a t e d w o r k s p u b l i s h e d f o r m e r l y . Such r e v i s i o n w o u l d g r e a t l y f a c i l i t a t e t o a s c e r t a i n t he v a l i d n a m e s o f o l d t a x a ac­c o r d i n g t o r e c e n t c o n c e p t o f t a x o n o m y . E . g . p r e v i o u s p u b l i c a t i o n s u s u a l l y m e n t i o n S y p h a c i a o b v e l a t a f r o m M . a r v a l i s , a s p e c i e s t o be t e r m e d t o the p r e s e n t k n o w l e d g e by a l l p r o b a b i l i t y as S. n i g e r i a n a .

B e s i d e s t a x o n o m i c a l - f a u n i s t i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f h e l m i n t h s l i v i n g i n the f i e l d v o l e , i n t e n s i v e s t u d i e s had begun f r o m the e a r l y s e v e n t i e s on the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n the p o p u l a t i o n d i n a m i c s o f the h o s t s and t he e x t e n s i t y a n d i n t e n s i t y o f t h e i r i n f e c t i o n w i t h p a r a s i t e s . T h e b a s i c q u e s t i o n was t o c l a r i f y the p o s s i b l e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t he age c o m p o s i t i o n o f h o s t p o p ­u l a t i o n s a n d the e x t e n s i t y a n d i n t e n s i t y o f h e l m i n t h i n f e c t i o n . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e so c a l l e d i n ­d i c a t o r s p e c i e s w e r e u s e d . T h e f i r s t r e s u l t s o f t he se s t u d i e s - no t l a c k i n g a l s o c o n t r a d i c t o r y e l e m e n t s - w e r e p u b l i s h e d by K I S I E L E W S K A ( 1 9 7 1 , 1974) , T E N O R A ( 1 9 7 2 ) , K I S I E L E W S K A a n d Z U B C Z E W S K A ( 1 9 7 3 ) , K I S I E L E W S K A et a l . (1973) , P R O K O P I Ö (1973) , P R O K O P I C e t a l . ( 1 9 7 3 ) , B A B A ( 1 9 7 4 ) , K R A S O W S K A ( 1 9 7 4 ) , Z U B C Z E W S K A ( 1 9 7 4 ) .

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A s r e g a r d s c e s t o d e s o f the f i e l d v o l e i n H u n g a r y , a d e t a i l e d and e x t e n s i v e s t u d y has been c o n ­d u c t e d by M U R A I ( 1 9 7 4 ) . O n n e m a t o d e s , h o w e v e r , o n l y l i m i t e d da ta a r e a v a i l a b l e on the o c ­c u r r e n c e o f H e l i g m o s o m u m c o s t e l l a t u m , H . m i x t u m , H . p o l y g y r u m , S. n i g e r i a n a , and S y p h a -c i a s p . i n t h i s h o s t s p e c i e s ( E D E L E N Y I , 1966; T E N O R A , 1 9 6 7 / a ; T E N O R A a n d M É S Z Á R O S , 1 9 7 1 , 1 9 7 5 ) .

F i g . 2: H e l i g m o s o m u m c o s t e l l a t u m ( D u j a r d i n , 1845)

A ) A n t e r i o r end o f f e m a l e - B ) S y n l o p h e o f f e m a l e - C ) B u r s a c o p u l a t r i x -D ) T a i l o f f e m a l e , l a t e r a l v i e w - E ) T a i l o f f e m a l e , l a t e r o - v e n t r a l v i e w

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Material and Methods

B e t w e e n 1964 a n d 1975 r e g u l a r c o l l e c t i n g s w e r e m a d e w i t h the u s e o f snap t r a p s a n d l i v e t r a p s i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f the c o u n t r y . D u r i n g the c o u r s e o f t h i s w o r k 348 s p e c i m e n s o f M . a r v a l i s w e r e d i s s e c t e d . M o s t a n i m a l s w e r e c o l l e c t e d i n a g r i c u l t u r a l a r e a s ( a l f a l f a a n d c o r n f i e l d s ) f ew o f t h e m i n c l e a r i n g s o f f o r e s t s . C o l l e c t i n g s w e r e c a r r i e d ou t by f o r m e r and p r e s e n t s t a f f m e m b e r s o f t h e P a r a s i t o l o g i c a l S e c t i o n o f t he Z o o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t o f the H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m : d r . I . M A T S K Á S I , d r . F . M É S Z Á R O S , d r . É . K . M U R A I , M r . I . S Z A B Ó and d r . E', V A J D A ; by d r . G y . T O P Á L m a m m o l o g i s t ( M a m m a l i a n S e c t i o n o f the s a m e i n s t i t u t i o n ) , M r . M . J A N I S C H p a r a s i t o l o g i s t ( D e p a r t m e n t o f P a r a s i t o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f V e t e r i n a r y S c i ­ences , B u d a p e s t ) , M r . G . N E C H A Y ( F á c á n k e r t ) , d r . A . L E G Á N Y a n d d r . J . R É K Á S I s c h o o l ­t e a c h e r s , M r . G y . S IPOS t a x i d e r m i s t ( H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m ) a n d M r . F . H A A S a g r i c u l t u r a l e n g i n e e r ( M i s k e ) .

N e m a t o d e s w e r e f i x e d i n h o t B a r b a g a l l o s o l u t i o n . F o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n they w e r e m a d e t r a n s ­l u c e n t by l a c t o p h e n o l .

Systematics, Taxonomy and Faunistics

O f 348 s p e c i m e n s o f M . a r v a l i s s t u d i e d 175 (50 . 3%) w e r e i n f e s t e d by n e m a t o d e s . T h e o c c u r r ­ence o f s i x s p e c i e s was v e r i f i e d , o f t h e m H e l i g m o s o m u m c o s t e l l a t u m , S y p h a c i a n i g e r i a n a a n d H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s I a e v i s w e r e c o m m o n , w h i l e H e l i g m o s o m u m m i x t u m , B o r e o s t r o n g y l u s m i n u ­ t u s and T r i c h o c e p h a l u s m u r i s o c c u r r e d r a r e l y . D e t a i l e d f a u n i s t i c da t a a r e s h o w n i n the T a b l e . H . m i x t u m b e i n g the p a r a s i t e o f C l e t h r i o n o m y s g l a r e o l u s , a n d T . m u r i s t h a t o f s o m e o t h e r r o d e n t s , t h e s e t w o s p e c i e s w i l l be d e s c r i b e d i n a n o t h e r p a p e r on the n e m a t o d e s o f r o d e n t s .

Descriptions

1 . H e l i g m o s o m u m c o s t e l l a t u m ( D u j a r d i n , 1 8 4 5 ) ; F i g . 2 A - E .

F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n i n H u n g a r y see the T a b l e and F i g . 1. - L o c a l i z a t i o n : s m a l l i n t e s t i n e . - E x ­t e n s i t y 1 5 . 8 % , i n t e n s i t y 1-55 s p e c i m e n s .

B o d y s u r f a c e w i t h t r a n s v e r s a l c u t i c u l a r c r e s t s ( c r ê t e ) . T h e s e a r e w i t h o u t i n n e r c h i t i n i z e d f r a m e s . H e a d end s u r r o u n d e d by c u t i c u l a r v e s i c l e .

M a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 1 0 . 5 - 1 4 . 2 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 2 5 m m . V e s i c l e l e n g t h 0 . 0 9 5 - 0 1 3 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 5 5 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 2 7 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e a n d d e i r i d s 0 . 5 0 -0. 68 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . T h e g e n e r a l l y s y m m e t r i c a l b u r s a c o p u l a t r i x m a d e o f t w o l o b e s . S h o r t d o r s a l r a y b r a n c h i n g i n t o f o u r , the t w o i n n e r l i m b s a r e l o n g e r t h a n the o u t e r ones . E x -t e r n o - d o r s a l r a y s l e n d e r a n d l o n g . L a t e r a l r a y s w i t h a c o m m o n s t e m . A n t e r o - l a t e r a l r a y s a r e the t h i c k e s t , w h i l e m e d i o - l a t e r a l ones the l o n g e s t . P o s t e r o - v e n t r a l r a y s a r e w e l l d e v e l o p ­ed a m o n g the v e n t r a l o n e s . P r e b i r r s a l p a p i l l a e p r e s e n t . T h r e a d - l i k e s p i c u l a e 0. 8 3 - 1 . 20 m m l o n g and f o r k e d at t i p . B o t h s p i c u l a e s u r r o u n d e d by a t h i n e n v e l o p m e n t . G u b e r n a c u l u m a b s e n t .

F e m a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 1 4 . 6 - 2 0 . 6 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0. 2 0 - 0 . 28 m m . L e n g t h o f v e s i c l e 0. 1 1 -0 . 1 5 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0. 5 3 - 0 . 70 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 31 m m , e x r e t o r y p o r e a n d d e i r i d s 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 80 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . S i m p l e u t e r u s . D i s t a n c e o f v u l v a 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 64 m m , t h a t o f anus 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 1 1 m m f r o m p o s t e r i o r e n d . E g g s 0 . 0 5 5 - 0 . 0 6 3 m m l o n g by 0. 0 8 6 - 0 . 100 m m w i d e . R a t h e r a c u t e l y p o i n t e d t a i l end w i t h o u t t e r m i n a l s p i k e .

M e m b e r s o f t he genus H e l i g m o s o m u m R a i l l i e t et H e n r y , 1909 a r e p a r a s i t e s o f M i c r o t i n a e i n t he H o l a r c t i c . H . c o s t e l l a t u m was f o u n d e x c l u s i v e l y i n t h e P a l a e a r c t i c ( D U R E T T E - D E S S E T , 1971) . A l t h o u g h , the s p e c i e s was m e n t i o n e d a l s o f r o m N o r t h A m e r i c a by K U N S and R A U S C H

Page 5: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

(1950) and K I N S E L L A (1967) , t h e s e s p e c i m e n s w e r e p r o b a b l y no t i d e n t i c a l w i t h t hose i d e n t i f i ­e d as H . c o s t e l l a t u m ( D u j . 1845) by D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1968 a ) . F u r t h e r d i f f i c u l t i e s i n r e v ­i e w i n g t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n a l da t a as w e l l as the r a n g e of h o s t s o f t h i s n e m a t o d e a r i s e f r o m the f a c t t h a t s o m e a u t h o r s m e n t i o n t h i s s p e c i e s as H . h a l l i S c h u l z , 1926 , t h o u g h H . h a l l i i s t h e j u n i o r s y n o n y m o f H . c o s t e l l a t u m . I n s o m e w o r k s p r o b a b l y H . m i x t u m S c h u l z , 1954 i s c a l l e d i n c o r r e c t l y as H . c o s t e l l a t u m . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e s e t w o s p e c i e s a n d the l i s t o f s y n o n y m s h a v e been g i v e n by D U R E T T E - D E S S E T ( 1 9 6 8 , a; 1971) a n d T E N O R A a n d M É S Z Á R O S ( 1 9 7 1 ) .

I n the f o l l o w i n g s d i s t r i b u t i o n a l d a t a r e l a t e d to H . c o s t e l l a t u m w i l l be r e v i e w e d .

A q u e s t i o n - m a r k w i l l be found w h e n p r o p e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f the p a r a s i t e o r h o s t s p e c i e s w a s i m p o s s i b l e on t he b a s i s o f da t a p r e s e n t e d i n the p u b l i c a t i o n r e f e r r e d t o .

S p a i n : T E N O R A and M É S Z Á R O S (1972) P i t y m y s . d u o d e c i m c o s t a t u s ; P R O K O P I C a n d T E N O R A (1975) P i t y m y s m a r i a e ;

F r a n c e : D E S P O R T E S (1943) M . a r v a l i s ;

B e l g i u m : B E R N A R D (1959) M . a r v a l i s ;

G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c : S C H M I D T (1961) M . a r v a l i s ;

G e r m a n F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c : S T A M M E R (1956) H . h a l l i ? - M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s ;

A u s t r i a : P R O K O P I C and M A H N E R T (1970) H . h a l l i ? - M . n i v a l i s , T E N O R A e t a l . (1971) , M . n i v a l i s , P F A L L E R (1973) A p o d e m u s sp . ? , M . n i v a l i s , C l e t h r i o n o m y s g l a r e o l u s ? ;

C z e c h o s l o v a k i a : s u m m a r i z e d d a t a w e r e p u b l i s h e d by T E N O R A (19 6 7 b , 1972 ) , T E N O R A a n d M É S Z Á R O S (1971) , P R O K O P I C and G E N O V ( 1 9 7 4 ) , M . A r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , P . s u b -t e r r a n e u s m C. g l a r e o l u s , A . f l a v i c o l l i s , A . s y l v a t i c u s , A . a g r á r i u s , M i c r o m y s m i ­n u t u s ;

P o l a n d : S O L T Y S (1949) M . a r v a l i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? , C . g l a r e o l u s ? , D O R O S Z (1968) M . a r v a l i s , C . g l a r e o l u s ?, A . a g r á r i u s ? , A f l a v i c o l l i s ? , K I S I E L E W S K A (1970) C . g l a ­r e o l u s ? ;

R u m a n i a : C H I R I A C a n d H A M A R ( 1 9 6 6 ) , P O P E S C U e t a l . (1974) M . a r v a l i s ? , M . a g r e s t i s ? ;

B u l g a r i a : D I M I T R O V A et a l . (1962) M . a r v a l i s , J A N C E V (1965) P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? , K R A P -C A N S K I e t a l . (1969) C . g l a r e o l u s ? , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? , P R O K O P I C e t a l . , (1974) H . h a l l i ? - C . g l a r e o l u s ? , M . a r v a l i s ? , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? ;

S o v i e t - U n i o n : S C H U L Z (1926) M . a r v a l i s , A N D R E I K O (1963) M . a r v a l i s , A L O J A N (1956) H . h a l l i ? - A r v i c o l a t e r r e s t r i s ? , M . a r v a l i s , M . s o c i a l i s ?, M E R K U S H E V A (1963) H . h a l l i ? - M . a r v a l i s , M O Z G O V O J e t a l . (1966) H . h a l l i ? - A . t e r r e s t r i s ? , C . g l a r e o l u s ? , M A C A B E R I D Z E (1966) P . m a j o r i ? , M . a r v a l i s , M . s o c i a l i s ? , M . s. g o r i e n s i s ? , H . h a l l i ? - M . s o c i a l i s ? , N A D T O C I J (1970) C . r u t i l u s ? , C . r u f o -canus ? , A . s y l v a t i c u s ? , H . h a l l i ? - A l t i c o l a m a c r o t i s .

T u r k e y : S C H A D e t . a l . (1960) M . g . g u e n t h e r i ? .

2 . H e l i g m o s o m u m m i x t u m S c h u l z , 1954

C o m m o n p a r a s i t e o f C . g l a r e o l u s . I t has been r e c o v e r e d f r o m a s i n g l e M . a r v a l i s s p e c i m e n f r o m a l o c a l i t y ( O r i s z e n t p é t e r ) , w h e r e b e s i d e s f i e l d v o l e s a l s o bank v o l e s w e r e a b u n d a n t l y f o u n d . - L o c a l i z a t i o n : s m a l l i n t e s t i n e .

3. H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s I a e v i s ( D u j a r d i n , 1 8 4 5 ) ; F i g . 3 A - E

F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n i n H u n g a r y see the T a b l e and F i g . 1 . - L o c a l i z a t i o n : s m a l l i n t e s t i n e , - E x ­t e n s i t y 6 . 9 % , i n t e n s i t y 1-24 s p e c i m e n s .

R a t h e r s m a l l s i z e d , s p i r a l l y c o i l e d h e l m i n t h w i t h l o n g i t u d i n a l c u t i c u l a r c r e s t s ( c r ê t e ) on the w h o l e s u r f a c e o f b o d y . T h e s e a r e s t r o n g e r a t v e n t r a l s i d e . H e a d end s u r r o u n d e d by a v e s i c l e .

Page 6: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

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Page 7: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

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Page 8: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

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M a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 4 . 3 0 - 7 . 20 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 0 8 2 - 0 . 0 9 0 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0 . 3 0 -0 .50 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 2 0 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e and d e i r i d s 0. 2 2 - 0 . 35 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . B u r s a b i l o b e d and s y m m e t r i c a l . S m a l l d o r s a l r a y w i t h b i f u r c a t i n g e n d ; i n n e r b r a n c h e s l o n g e r t h a n t h e e x t e r n a l o n e s . E x t e r n o - d o r s a l r a y s s l e n d e r a n d l o n g . L a t e r a l r a y s r e l a t i v e l y w e a k , o r i g i n a t e f r o m c o m m o n t r u n k . P o s t e r o - l a t e r a l r a y s b r a n c h i n g o f f a t t h e base o f i t . S t r o n g l y d e v e l o p e d v e n t r a l r a y s a l s o f r o m a c o m m o n s t e m . P o s t e r o - v e n t r a l r a y s t h e m o s t d e v e l o p e d . P r a e b u r s a l p a p i l l a e p r e s e n t . W e l l s e e n g e n i t a l cone w i t h t w o p a p i l l a e . T h r e a d ­l i k e s p i c u l e s , 0. 5 6 - 0 . 63 m m l o n g . G u b e r n a c u l u m a b s e n t .

F i g . 3: H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s I a e v i s ( D u j a r d i n , 1845)

A ) A n t e r i o r end o f f e m a l e - B ) S y n l o p h e o f f e m a l e - C) B u r s a c o p u l a t r i x D ) D o r s a l r i b s - E ) T a i l o f f e m a l e , v e n t r a l v i e w .

Page 9: Parasitologia Hungarica 10. (Budapest, 1977)

F e m a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 6. 0 0 - 1 3 . 20 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 10 m m . L s o p h a g u s 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 6 8 m m l o n g . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 2 8 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e and d e i r i d s 0. 3 5 - 0 , 40 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . D i s t a n c e o f v u l v a 0. 3 8 - 0 . 42 m m , t h a t o f anus 0. 0 7 5 - 0 . 088 m m f r o m p o s t e r i o r e n d . T a i l w i t h t e r m i n a l s p i k e . E g g s 0 . 0 6 2 - 0 . 072 m m l o n g by 0 . 0 4 0 - 0 . 0 5 0 m m w i d e .

S p e c i e s o f genus H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s H a l l , 1916 a r e the p a r a s i t e s o f H o l a r c t i c M i c r o t i n a e and M u r i d a e , as w e l l as o f P a l a e a r c t i c C r i c e t i n a e and S p a l a c i d a e .

H , I a e v i s o c c u r s on ly i n t h e P a l a e a r c t i c r e g i o n , d i s t r i b u t i n i n C e n t r a l and W e s t e r n E u r o p e ( D U R E T T E - D E S S E T , 1 9 6 7 ) , S y s t e m a t i c p o s i t i o n a n d s y n o n y m s o f t h e s p e c i e s w e r e c l a r i f i e d by D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1968a , 1 9 7 1 ) .

I n the f o l l o w i n g r e v i e w o f d a t a r e g a r d i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n and h o s t r a n g e , the s p e c i e s m e n t i o n e d H e l i g m o s o m u m p o l y g y r u m ( D u j . , 1845) - l a c k i n g d e s c r i p t i o n s a n d d r a w i n g s r e l a t e d t o t h a t s p e c i e s - w i l l be c o n s i d e r e d as H . I a e v i s ( D u j . , 1845) s en su D u r e t t e - D e s s e t , 1 9 7 1 , b e c a u s e H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s p o l y g y r u s ( D u j . , 1845) B o u l e n g e r , 1922 i s the j u n i o r s y n o n y m o f H e l i g m o ­ s o m o i d e s I a e v i s ( D u j . , 1845) as i t w a s p o i n t e d ou t by D U R E T T E - D E S S E T ( 1 9 7 1 ) . T h a b u r s a o f H . I a e v i s i s s y m m e t r i c a l a n d the s p e c i e s i s p r i m a r i l y the p a r a s i t e o f M i c r o t i n a e . O n the o t h e r h a n d H e l i g m o s o m u m p o l y g y r u m ( D u j . , 1845) R a i l l i e t e t H e n r y , 1909 i s t he j u n i o r s y n o ­n y m o f H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s p o l y g y r u s p o l y g y r u s ( D u j . , 1845) s en su D u r e t t e - D e s s e t , 1 9 7 1 , T h e b u r s a o f t h i s l a t t e r i s a s y m m e t r i c a l , and the s p e c i e s i s the p a r a s i t e o f M u r i d a e . H o w e v e r , t he c o n s e q u e n t u se o f t h i s n o m e n c l a t u r e When r e v i e w i n g l i t e r a r y da t a w o u l d g i v e r i s e f u r t h e r c o n f u s i o n s . M o s t a u t h o r s l i s t e d b e l o w u s e d the h a n d b o o k o f S K R J A B I N et a l . (1954) as a b a s i c s o u r c e o f r e f e r e n c e . I n t h i s book (pp . 8 3 - 8 4 ) t h e n a m e H e l i g m o s o m u m p o l y g y r u m ( D u j . , 1B45) R a i l l i e t e t H e n r y , 1909 i s c o m b i n e d w i l l the d e s c r i p t i o n and f i g u r e s o f H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s p o l y g y r u s ( D u j . , 1845) B o u l e n g e r , 1922 , as g i v e n by S C H U L Z ( 1 9 2 6 ) . A c c o r d i n g t o the v i e w o f D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1971) t he d e s c r i p t i o n a n d f i g u r e s f i t w e l l t o H . I a e v i s . In t h a t h a n d ­book " s m a l l H e l i g m o s o m u m " ( - H e l i g m o s o m o i d e s p o l y g y r u s p o l y g y r u s ( D u j . , 1845) s e n s u D u r e t t e - D e s s e t , 1971) w i t h a s y m m e t r i c a l b u r s a i s m e n t i o n e d as H e l i g m o s o m u m s k r j a b i n i ( S c h u l z , 192 6 ) .

E n g l a n d : E L T O N (1931) M . h i r t u s ? ;

F r a n c e : D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1968a) M . a r v a l i s ;

B e l g i u m : B E R N A R D (1959 , 1961) M . a r v a l i s ;

G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c : S C H M I D T (1961) M . a r v a l i s , A r v i c o l a t e r r e s t r i s ;

G e r m a n F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c : S T A M M E R (1956) M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , A . t e r r e s t r i s ;

P o l a n d : F U R M A G A (1957) M . a r v a l i s , A . a g r á r i u s ;

C z e c h o s l o v a k i a : da t a w e r e s u m m a r i z e d by T E N O R A (1967b , 1972 ) , t h e n f u r t h e r r e s u l t s w e r e p u b l i s h e d by P R O K O P I C and G E N O V ( 1 9 7 4 ) , P R O K O P I C et a l . ( 1 9 7 4 ) , T E N O R A a n d Z E J D A (1974) , M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , M . o e c o n o m u s , C . g l a r e o l u s , A . f l a v i c o l l i s , A . s y l v a t i c u s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ;

R u m a n i a : C H I R I A C and B A R B U (1962) M . a r v a l i s , C H I R I A C a n d H A M A R (1966) M . a r v a l i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s , A . s y l v a t i c u s , A . t a u r i c u s , A . m i c r o p s , A . a g r á r i u s . M u s . m . s p i c i l e g u s , C i t e l l u s c i t e l l u s ; P O P E S C U et a l . (1974) M u s . m . s p i c i l e g u s , A . s y l v a t i c u s , M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s ;

B u l g a r i a : J A N C E V (1965) M . a r v a l i s ; K A R A P C A N S K I e t a l . (1969) M . a r v a l i s ; P R O K O P I C .and G E N O V (1974) M . a r v a l i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s , O n d a t r a z i b e t h i c a ; P R O K O P I C et a l . (1974) M . a r v a l i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ;

S o v i e t U n i o n : S C H U L Z (1926) M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , M . s y l v a t i c u s ; A G A P O V A (1953) M . a r v a l i s ; A L O J A N (1956) A . s y l v a t i c u s , M . a r v a l i s , M . s o c i a l i s , M . m a j o r i ; A N D -R E I K O (1963) M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ; M O Z G O V O J et a l . (1966) O . z i b e t h i c a , A . t e r r e s t r i s ; G V O Z D E V et a l . (1970) O c h o t o n a d a u r i c a ;

A f g h a n i s t a n : B A R U S et a l . ( 1970 ) M u s m u s c u l u s f. d o m e s t i c a .

7 5

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4 . B o r e o s t r o n g y l u s m i n u t u s ( D u j a r d i n , 1845) F i g . 4 A - G

F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n i n H u n g a r y see t he T a b l e a n d F i g . 1 . - L o c a l i z a t i o n : s m a l l i n t e s t i n e . E x ­t e n s i t y 1.7%, i n t e n s i t y 3-45 s p e c i m e n s .

E x t r e m e l y s m a l l n e m a t o d e s . O n t h e s u r f a c e o f body t h e r e a r e l o n g i t u d i n a l c u t i c u l a r c r e s t s ( c r ê t e ) w i t h i n n e r c h i t i n i z e d f r a m e . T h e s e c r e s t s a r e m o r e d e v e l o p e d a t the v e n t r a l s i d e . H e a d end s u r r o u n d e d by a v e s i c l e .

M a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 2 . 2 0 - 2 . 50 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 0 6 0 - 0 . 0 7 0 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0 . 2 8 -0 .33 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 1 7 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 2 1 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . B i l o b -e d , s y m m e t r i c a l b u r s a . E x t e r n o - d o r s a l and d o r s a l r a y s w i t h a c o m m o n t r u n k , e x t e r n o - d o r s a l r a y d i v e r g i n g n e a r e s t i t s b a s e , t h e n the d o r s a l r a y b i f u r c a t e s a n d b o t h b r a n c h e s b i f u r c a t e a g a i n n e a r the m a r g i n o f b u r s a . P o s t e r o - l a t e r a l a n d m e d i o - l a t e r a l r a y s d i v e r g i n g f r o m a c o m ­m o n t r u n k and a l s o the v e n t r a l r a y s , h o w e v e r , t h e s e l a t t e r a r e l e s s d e v e l o p e d . P r e b u r s a l p a p i l l a e a b s e n t . T h r e a d l i k e , s l e n d e r s p i c u l a e 0. 2 8 - 0 . 35 m m l o n g . G u b e r n a c u l u m l o a f s h a p e d , 0 . 0 2 7 - 0 . 034 m m l o n g .

F i g . 4 : B o r e o s t r o n g y l u s m i n u t u s ( D u j a r d i n , 1845)

A ) H e a d o f f e m a l e - B ) A n t e r i o r e n d o f m a l e - C) S y n l o p h e o f f e m a l e - D ) B u r s a c o p u l a t r i x

E ) D o r s a l r i b s - F ) T a i l o f f e m a l e , l a t e r a l v i e w - G) T a i l e n d o f f e m a l e , v e n t r a l v i e w

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F e m a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 2 . 8 0 - 3 . 2 0 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 0 6 0 - 0 . 0 7 0 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0 . 3 5 -0.40 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 2 0 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 2 2 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . V u l v a 0. 0 9 0 - 0 . 012 m m f r o m p o s t e r i o r e n d . E g g s 0, 0 6 8 - 0 . 085 m m l o n g by 0. 0 3 7 - 0 . 053 m m w i d e . T a i l l e n g t h 0 . 0 3 0 - 0 . 035 m m . T a i l w i t h t w o s m a l l l a t e r a l p a p i l l a e on t i p .

S p e c i e s o f genus B o r e o s t r o n g y l u s D u r e t t e - D e s s e t , 1971 a r e H o l a r c t i c p a r a s i t i z i n g i n M i c r o -t i d a e a n d G e r b i l l i d a e . B . m i n u t u s r e s t r i c t e d t o t he P a l a e a r c t i c r e g i o n .

F r a n c e : D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1967) P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ;

G e r m a n F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c : S T A M M E R (1956) L . w o l g a e n s e ? - C . g l a r e o l u s , M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , A . t e r r e s t r i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ;

P o l a n d : F U R M A G A (1957) L o n g i s t r i a t a ( L . ) be t a ? - M . r a t i c e p s ;

C z e c h o s l o v a k i a : E R H A R D O V Á (1956) M . a g r e s t i s ; T E N O R A et a l . (1974) P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ,

R u m a n i a : C H I R I A C a n d H A M A R (1966) A . t e r r e s t r i s ;

B u l g a r i a : K A R A P C A N S K I et a l . (1969) A . s y l v a t i c u s , A . t e r r e s t r i s ;

S o v i e t U n i o n : S C H U L Z (1926) A . t e r r e s t r i s ; M O Z G O V O J et a l . (1966) A . t e r r e s t r i s , M . a g r e s ­t i s ; s u m m a r i z e d d a t a w e r e p u b l i s h e d by M E R K U S H E V A ( 1 9 7 2 ) ;

I s r a e l : W E R T H E I M a n d D U R E T T E - D E S S E T (1975) M . g u e n t h e r i ;

5. S y p h a c i a n i g e r i a n a B a y l i s , 1928 ; F i g . 5 A - C

F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n i n H u n g a r y see the T a b l e a n d F i g . 1 . - L o c a l i z a t i o n : c a e c u m . - E x t e n s i t y 2 8 . 7 % , i n t e n s i t y 1 - 6 0 . s p e c i m e n s .

R o u n d e d o f f a n t e r i o r end w i t h f o u r s u b m e d i a l p a p i l l a e and t w o a m p h i d s . M o u t h o p e n i n g s u r ­r o u n d e d by t h r e e l i p s . D i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t w o a m p h i d s 0 . 0 3 7 - 0 . 040 m m i n f e m a l e s . C e r v i c a l a l ae a b s e n t , l a t e r a l - a l a e n a r r o w . F i n e l y , t r a n s v e r s e l y s t r i a t e c u t i c l e . I n n e r s u r f a c e o f e s o ­phagus s e r r a t e d .

M a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 1 . 5 0 - 2 . 0 0 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 , 1 4 - 0 . 1 6 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 2 6 . N e r v e r i n g 0. 1 0 - 0 . 12 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 38 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . V e n t r a l p a r t o f body w i t h t h r e e b i g t r a n s v e r s e l y s t r i a t e p a p i U a e . B o d y w i t h v e n t r a l l y c o i l e d p o s t e r i o r e n d . T a i l l e n g t h 0. 1 5 - 0 . 16 m m . C l o a c a m a r g i n e d by one p a i r p r a e a n a l , one p a i r a n a l , a n d one p a i r p o s t a n a l p a p i l l a e . S p i c u l e s l e n d e r , 0 . 0 7 0 - 0 . 0 7 6 m m l o n g . G u b e r n a c u l u m l e n g t h 0 . 0 2 7 -0 . 031 m m .

F e m a l e : B o d y l e n g t h 3. 1 0 - 5 . 40 m m , m a x i m u m w i d t h 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 36 m m . E s o p h a g u s l e n g t h 0. 34 -0,40 m m . N e r v e r i n g 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 9 m m , e x c r e t o r y p o r e 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 4 m m f r o m a n t e r i o r e n d . D i s t ­ance b e t w e e n a n t e r i o r end a n d v u l v a 0, 6 5 - 0 , 8 0 m m . T a i l l e n g t h 0. 5 6 - 0 . 7 0 m m . E g g s l o a f -s h a p e d , 0. 0 9 3 - 0 . 123 m m l o n g by 0 . 0 2 8 - 0 . 037 m m w i d e .

B e f o r e t he p u b l i c a t i o n o f Q U E N T I N ' s (1971) f u n d a m e n t a l w o r k - i n w h i c h the s t r u c t u r e o f the a n t e r i o r end a n d t h a t o f s e x u a l o r g a n s r e c e i v e d s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n - f r o m M , a r v a l i s a l m o s t a l l a u t h o r s m e n t i o n e d S. o b v e l a t a ( R u d . , 1 8 0 2 ) . Q U E N T I N w a s the f i r s t w h o s h o w e d t h a t S. o b - v e l a t a i s p r i m a r i l y t he p a r a s i t e o f M . m u s c u l u s , w h i l e S. n i g e r i a n a h a r b o u r s M . a r v a l i s . F u r t h e r s t u d i e s w e r e c o n d u c t e d on m o r e e x t e n s i v e m a t e r i a l by S H A R P I L O (1973) and T E N O R A a n d M É S Z Á R O S ( 1 9 7 5 ) .

R e g a r d i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n a l d a t a l i s t e d b e l o w , a g a i n , i n m o s t c a se s the a c t u a l a n d v a l i d s p e c i e s n a m e c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o S. o b v e l a t a o f the o r i g i n a l p u b l i c a t i o n s c a n n o t be s t a t e d w i t h c e r t a i n i t y . H e r e a l s o , t h e s e a r e m a r k e d by a q u e s t i o n - m a r k .

A f r i c a : Q U E N T I N (1971) H y l o m y s c u s a t e l l a , L e m n i s c o m y s s t r i a t u s , M a s t o m y s s p . , P r a o -m y s j a c k s o n i , P . m o r i o , S tachor r jys l o n g i c a u d a t u s , G e r b i l l u s c a m p e s t r i s ;

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N o r t h A m e r i c a : Q U E N T I N (1971) M i c r o t u s g r e g a l i s m u r i c i , M . o e c o n o m u s o p e r a r u s , M . o .

m a c f a r l a n i , M . p e n n s y l v a n i c u s a l c o r n i , M . p . d r u m m o n d i , M . p . p e n n s y l v a n i c u s ;

M e x i c o : Q U E N T I N (1971) M . m e x i c a n u s m e x i c a n u s ;

N o r w a y : T E N O R A e t a l . (1977) C . g l a r e o l u s , M . a g r e s t i s , M . o e c o n o m u s ;

E n g l a n d : S H A R P E (1964) S. o b v e l a t a ? - M . a g r e s t i s ;

B e l g i u m : B E R N A R D (1959) S. o b v e l a t a ? - M . a r v a l i s ;

F i g . 5: S y p h a c i a n i g e r i a n a B a y I i s , 1928

A ) A n t e r i o r e n d o f f e m a l e , en face v i e w - B ) T a i l o f m a l e , v e n t r a l v i e w C) T a i l o f f e m a l e , l a t e r a l v i e w

F r a n c e : Q U E N T I N (1971) M . a r v a l i s , A r v i c o l a s a p i d u s t e n e b r i c u s , C . g l a r e o l u s ;

G e r m a n F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c : S T A M M E R (1956) A s y l v a t i c u s ? C . g l a r e o l u s ? , M . a r v a l i s , M . a g r e s t i s , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? ;

P o l a n d : S O L T Y S (1-949), F U R M A G A ( 1 9 5 7 ) , P O R O S Z (1968) S. o b v e l a t a ? - A . a g r á r i u s ? , A s y l v a t i c u s ? , A f l a v i c o l l i s ? , M . a r v a l i s ? , M u s m u s c u l u s , C . g l a r e o l u s ? , P . s u b t e r r a n e u s ? ;

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T E N O R A , F . - M É S Z Á R O S , F . - W I G E R , R , (1977) : F u r t h e r r e c o r d s o f n e m a t o d e s i n s m a l l

r o d e n t s i n N o r w a y . - P a r a s i t . H u n g . . _1(^ i n p r e s s .

T E N O R A , F . - M U R A I , É . - M É S Z Á R O S , F . (1973) : Q u a n t i t a t i v e a n d q u a l i t a t i v e a n a l y s i s o f h e l m i n t h fauna o f M i c r o t u s a r v a l i s ( R o d e n t i a , M i c r o t i n a e ) i n E u r o p e . - P a r a s i t . H u n g . , j L _ 1 3 1 - 1 4 7 .

T E N O R A , F . - P F A L L E R , K . - M U R A I , É . (1971) : Ü b e r H e l m i n t h e n v o n M i c r o t u s n i v a l i s

( M a r t i n s , 1842) ( M i c r o t i n a e ) aus T i r o l . - P a r a s i t . H u n g . , 1 5 7 - 1 6 8 .

T E N O R A , F . - Q U E N T I N , J . C . - D U R E T T E - D E S S E T , M . C . ( 1 9 7 4 ) : S o m e n e w f i n d i n g s o f n e m a t o d e s o f the f a m i l y O x y u r i d a e a n d H e l i g m o s o m i d a e ( N e m a t o d a ) i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a a n d P o l a n d . - V l s t . C s . s p o l . z o o l . , 38 . 7 1 - 7 5 .

W E R T H E I M , G . - D U R E T T E - D E S S E T , M , C . ( 1975 ) : H e l m i n t h e s de m a m m i f è r e s e t d ' o i s e a u x

d ' I s r a ë l V I , L a t a x o n o m i e e t l ' é c o l o g i e des N e m a t o d e s T r i c h o s t r o n g y l o i d e s . - A n n . P a ­

r a s i t . P a r i s , 50 . 7 3 5 - 7 6 2 .

Z U B C Z E W S K A , Z . (1974) : A s e a s o n a l v a r i a b i l i t y i n the i n f e c t i o n o f an i s o l a t e d p o p u l a t i o n o f M i c r o t u s a r v a l i s ( P a l l a s , 1788) w i t h i n d e x s p e c i e s o f n e m a t o d e s . - W i a d . P a r a s y t . , 20 . 7 3 5 - 7 3 8 .

R e c e i v e d : 14 D e c e m b e r , 1976 D r . M É S Z Á R O S , F . Z o o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t o f the

H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m H - 1 0 8 8 B u d a p e s t , B a r o s s u . 13.