party autonomy in international family law: an economic perspective

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1 PARTY AUTONOMY IN INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW An Economic Perspective Jurčys Paulius ユルチス ポール

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Page 1: Party Autonomy in International Family Law: An Economic Perspective

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PARTY  AUTONOMY  IN    INTERNATIONAL  FAMILY  LAW  

-­‐  An  Economic  Perspective  -­‐      

Jurčys  Paulius    ユルチス ポール  

Page 2: Party Autonomy in International Family Law: An Economic Perspective

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outline  

• Party  autonomy  &  international  family  law  

• Marriage  as  a  contract?    

• Economic  rationale  of  party  autonomy    

• If  marriage  is  more  than  a  contract?  

• Observations  

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1.  PARTY  AUTONOMY  &    INTERNATIONAL  FAMILY  LAW  

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UK  SUPREME  COURT  (2010):  Radmacher  v  Granatino  

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1.  PIL  BACKGROUND:    Expansion  of  Party  autonomy  in  IFL    

   Party  autonomy  in  IFL  • Law  governing  matrimonial  property  

• Law  governing  divorce  and  other  consequences    

• Choice  of  law  in  other  areas:  succession,  maintenance    

   Limitations    • Public  policy    

• Protection  of  weaker  parties  (children)  

• Sovereignty,  comity  

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1.  PIL  BACKGROUND:    Expansion  of  Party  autonomy  in  IFL  

   Socio-­‐economic  justifications  

• Equal  status  of  husband  &  wife    

• Globalization  &  mobility  of  persons    

   Legal  Justifications  

• Constitutional  traditions  and  natural  rights  theory  

•   Extension  of  private  autonomy  

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2.  MARRIAGE  AS  A  CONTRACT  -­‐  PIL  -­‐  

Simon  Bruce:  “Pre-­‐nups  are   like  a  form  of  fire   insurance   -­‐   far  better  taken  out  before  the  event”  

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2.  MARRIAGE  AS  A  LONG  TERM  CONTRACT  

   Specialization  theory    

• Marriage  as  an  institution  for  raising  children;    sharing  costs  of  living  etc.  

   Investment  theory  

• Marriage  as  a  guarantee  for  investment    (i.e.  alimony  compensation  for  loss  )  

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2.  MARRIAGE  –  A  LONG  TERM  CONTRACT  Economic  justifications  

 Functions  of  party  autonomy  in  IFL:  

• Market  conform  transactions  

• Efficiency  &  legal  certainty  

• Competition  of  legal  systems  

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2.  MARRIAGE  AS  A  LONG-­‐TERM  CONTRACT  Economic  justifications  

     Limitations  of  party  autonomy  in  IFL:  

• Information  asymmetries  

• Externalities    (taxes,  parents  and  children)  

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4.  IS  MARRIAGE  JUST  A  CONTRACT?    

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3.  MARRIAGE:  More  than  a  contract  

     Marriage  as  a  SIGNAL    

• Marriage  vs.  other  forms  of  relationship  

     Individualization  theory  (Luhmann)  

• if  A  loves  B,  certain  issues  that  would  not  otherwise  matter  become  important    (e.g.  B  curious  whether  A  had  breakfast  etc.)  

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3.  MARRIAGE  AS  A  SIGNAL  

PERSON   PERSON  

AUDIENCE  

traditional    economic  theories  

signaling    function  Marriage  

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MARRIAGE  AS  A  SIGNAL:    Implications  to  Party  Autonomy  (1)  

“Surplus  value”  of  marriage  

• How  to  conceptualize  it?  Relation  to  the  existing  economic  justifications  of  PA  

• A  different  perspective  to  “public  policy”  argument  which  was  used  to  justify  the  limitations  of  party  autonomy    

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MARRIAGE  

CUSTODY  

DIVORCE  

MATRIMONIAL    PROPERTY  

Number  of    Stakeholders  

Scope  of    Party  Autonomy  

MAINTENANCE  

MARRIAGE  AS  A  SIGNAL:    Implications  to  Party  Autonomy  (2)  

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MARRIAGE  AS  A  SIGNAL:    Implications  to  Party  Autonomy  (3)  

SURPLUS  VALUE    OF  MARRIAGE  

 

PARTY  AUTONOMY    

 

EXPAND?   RESTRICT?