Pasture and Grassland rehabilitation improvement

in Mongolia

Johann HUMERNiederösterreichische Landeslandwirtschaftskammer

Eurasia Pacific Uninet Workshop “Pasture – and Grazing Management II

Mongolia Stat University of Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2013oct1 - 2013oct4

Experiences with GrasslandRENEWING Techniques

of Austria

GrasslandRENEWING Techniques

New New meadowmeadow installationinstallation withwith plowingplowing upup

RenewingRenewing / Renovation / Renovationwithwith Over- Over-seedingseeding

withoutwithout ploughing upploughing up

1122

The two main principles ofGrassland RENEWING

hoof cultivation

over-seeding

plowing upmethods

only when total loss,

for pest control, reclamation,

sicherer Anlageerfolg

easyer methods

Seeding basic techniqiesSeeding basic techniqies

Broadcast sowing

Slot row seeding with slot coulter

Classic seed drillingwith disc coulter

If good fodder grasses < 50 %

NEW PLANTED MEADOWSNEW PLANTED MEADOWS11• Soil analysis

pH, PK–soil values fertilizing plan

• Basic fertilizing: phosphorus & pottasium

• Advantange: cheapest investment

• Manure before seeding (20-25 t/ha)

• Most used technique: plough

Plowing up machinery

plow + harrow Most common new planted meadow

rotary harrowsrotor tillers

increasingly successful

cultivatorgrubber some successful results

mill-cutter

Seldom used, expensive, erosive problems, root weed problems may come up

New planted meadowwith cover crop oat ploughing up

Cover crop oat at july 2, 1997

ploughing up autumn 1996,

seeding springtime 1997

Example of a new planted meadowplowed up and at seeding time

Seeding with over-seeding currycomb „Einböck“

May 7,1997, Konradsheim

Rotor Tiller Seedingsimultaneously plowing and seeding

Rototiller seeding method

Seeding technique for new planted meadows in one way

DISC HARROW + ROTOR HARROW WITH SEEDING MACHINE

Grassland day, Bromberg, June 30, 2007

Seems to be a little over dimensioned

ROTOR HARROWRototiller [RAU] Cultitiller [KUHN]

Suitability

[ by tined wedge ]

Also for stony soils No plow neccesairy superior to mill-cutter

concerning soil erosion

and root weeds

Tined Wedges Working tools of a Rototiller

Grasland dayBromberg

June 30, 2007

Also for stony soils

by lowWorking depth

Grasland dayBromberg

June 30, 2007

satisfactory working image of a rototiller’s drill

Basic Basic knowledgeknowledge on grassland installation on grassland installationRoller & Cleaning cut

Rolling

Very important in dry areasTo improve the contact of soil humididty and sowed seedlingsImportant to avoid drying of the seedlings

Cleaning cutHelps to control quick emerging weeds

about at plant height of 20-40 cmabout 2-4 weeks after seed sowing

Meadow improvment

Renewing / RenovationRenewing / Renovationwith over-seeding methodswith over-seeding methods22

Types of seeding methods on unploughed grassland

Standard over-seeding techniques with grassland currycombs

EinböckHatzenbichler

Currently, the most common types of over-seeding techniques

umbruchlose Verfahren

Slot row seeder VREDO

Recommended for dry regions to ensure a safe germination of the seeds

Here: 2-times harrowed before

AVP, a strong tines currycomb over-seeding technique for weed control (Poa trivialis)

Grassland day, Strassburg, May 31, 2008

Spin seed spreader Spin seed spreader for repeated seedings of small grass seedsfor repeated seedings of small grass seeds

Meadow improvment

hoof cultivationhoof cultivation33

Pasture reclamation by hoof cultivation

Method for destroyed pastures

•Grass/legume seeds mixture •sowed 2-5 days before the end of grazing

•Grazing in summer by cows, calves or lambs•Animals trodde in the seed•Application of lime, magnesia and NPK after grazing

•Cost about half as much as ploughing and sowing•Following spring new green matter should be established

Pasture improvement and reclamation by hoof cultivation

A natural grassland dominated by Sasa paniculata, at 700 m alt. and of average slope 3.5°, was grazed in summer by cows, calves or lambs. A grass/legume seeds mixture was sown 2-5 days before the end of grazing (to be trodden in), and lime, Mg and NPK were applied after grazing ended. Losses in liveweight were easily restored by grazing on improved pasture. Reclamation was satisfactory in all treatments, and cost approx. half as much as ploughing and sowing. In the following spring, sown herbage was up to 97-5% of total green matter:

Research on the pasture reclamation by hoof cultivation:Authors. KIKUCHI, H.; KAGAMI, T.; HORI, K. Book Paper presented at the 9th int. Grassld Congr., São Paulo, Brazilian. 1965 pp. 11 pp.

Meadows care after renewing for stabilizing the success

Avoid destroying the young sward

NO grazing of the first growing up

Weed control by the 1st cut at 15-25 cm high

Cut it for hay production

Austrian fodder crops for meadows & pastures Perman. meadows mixtures Pasture-mixt. Over-seeding mixtures

Short name purpose A B C D OG PH G H PW Na Ni NiK Past I Na tro Past II

GRASSESLolium perenne

Dactylis glomerata

Festuca pratensis

Timothe pratensis

Poa patensis

Arrhenatherum ela.

Trisetum flavescens

Alopecurus prat.

Festuca rubra

Agrostis capillaris

Cynosurus cristatus

Festuca arundinacea

LEGUMESTrifolium pratense

Trifolium repens

Lotus corniculatus

Trifolium hybridum

Medicago sativa

Yield efficiency of reseeded

grassland in Austria

Seedmixture A)Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Timothe pratensis, Poa

patensis, Festuca rubra,- Saatgutmischung

Seedmixture B) Lolium multiflorum italicum or Lolium boucheanum

SCHECHTNER Giselher, Hans NEURURER: Umbruchlose Grünlanderneuerung (1. Teil)

Beratungsservice Pflanzenproduktion Folge 7, 1984, BMLFW

Nachsaatversuch

1983Admont, Piber Bischofshofen

Schnitte: 3, 4, 5 + 6xkgN/ha: 0,30,60,

90,120

Nachsaat-Saatgut:Knaulgras,

Wiesenschwingel, Timothe, Wiesenrispe,

Rotschwingel

DI. J.HUMER Qualitätsverbesserung von Futterwiesen Folie - 31

Gumpensteiner reseeding trials on grassland renovation. Mean of 2 seeding maschines, 2 soils and 3 seed mixtures

with 1 and 2 replications of reseeding 2005 - 2010

Q:Pötsch :2012,Grünlander-neuerung, DAFNE Projekt 10276

https://www.dafne.at/dafne_plus_homepage/download.php?t=ProjectReportAttachment&k=2762

Graphic: HUMER

Jahre 2005 bis 2010

Autor

DI. Johann HUMER

Niederösterreichische

Landeslandwirtschaftskammer (1983-2014)

Wienerstrasse 64

3100 Sankt Pölten

johann.humer[et]gmail.com