peace corps 2014 voice of the volunteer july 15 2015

8/20/2019 Peace Corps 2014 Voice of the Volunteer July 15 2015

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]dghe dm tbe ]dcu`teer

:>9< I``uic ]dcu`teer Xurvey Zepdrt

D he dm Xtritefgh G`mdroitgd`, Zeseirhb, i`l ^ci``g`f


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gg | ^ i f e

]dghe dm tbe ]dcu`teer

Odtgvitgd`s td Xerve i`l ^erheptgd`s ijdut Xgtes

Dmmghe dm Xtritefgh G`mdroitgd`, Zeseirhb, i`l ^ci``g`f


3/26

ggg | ^ i f e

\ijce dm Hd`te`ts\ijce dm Hd`te`ts .......................................................................................................................................... ggg

G`trdluhtgd` ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

Vby tbe êihe Hdrps4 .................................................................................................................................... 8

]dcu`teer Cgmehyhce .................................................................................................................................... 5

Jugclg`f Xuppdrt @etwdras ........................................................................................................................ =

Emmehtgveèss g` Ihbgevg`f êihe Hdrps Fdics .......................................................................................... 2

Vbd ^rdodtes tbe êihe Hdrps4 ................................................................................................................ 7

Aey \iaeiwiys ........................................................................................................................................ 9>

U`lersti`lg`f Xgte êrheptgd` ...................................................................................................................... 99

\bedretghic Odlec dm ]dcu`teer Xgte êrheptgd` ...................................................................................... 9:

Eopgrghic Odlec dm ]dcu`teer Xgte êrheptgd` ........................................................................................ 98

Hdoou`gty G`tefritgd` .................................................................................................................... 95

Ximety Zgsas ...................................................................................................................................... 95

Vdra Yuicgty .................................................................................................................................... 9=

Beictby Cgmestyce Hbdghes ................................................................................................................ 96

U`lersti`lg`f Vbit gs @dt Gopdrti`t.............................................................................................. 92

Aey \iaeiwiys ........................................................................................................................................ 97

Jugclg`f i ^reeoptgve êihe Hdrps .............................................................................................................. :>

Hd`hculg`f @dte ........................................................................................................................................... :9


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gv | ^ i f e


5/26

9 | ^ i f e

G`trdluhtgd`Mrdo Kuè 7 td Iufust 95, :>999< I`ùic ]dcu`teer Xurvey Fcdjic \ijucir Zepdrt‟ tbit gs pujcgsbel it

peihehdrps.fdv/dpe`.

Aey Mg`lg`fs

Ictrugso, prifoitgso, i`l i se`se dm ilve`ture were tbree oikdr mihtdrs expcig`g`f wby ]dcu`teers

servg`f g` :>9< kdgèl tbe êihe Hdrps. G` hd`trist td tbe 976>s, wbe` tbe oikdrgty dm ]dcu`teers

gle`tgmgel ilve`ture dr trivec is tbe oig` reisd` mdr kdg`g`f tbe êihe Hdrps, tbe oikdrgty dm ]dcu`teers

g` :>9< gle`tgmgel becpg`f dtbers.

Dvericc, ]dcu`teers were odleritecy sitgsmgel wgtb tbegr sgtes. @eircy sgx g` te` (57%) mect sitgsmgel, jut

odre tbi` dè g` mgve (:8%) mect lgssitgsmgel wgtb tbe sgtes wbere tbey cgvel i`l wdrael.

]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` prgoirgcy hd`sgsts dm twd jrdil ireis; 9) hdoou`gty leoi`l mdr tbe ]dcu`teer,

is oi`gmestel g` tbe perhegvel ivigcijgcgty dm quicgty wdra1 i`l, :) ]dcu`teer hdomdrt cevec, is

oi`gmestel g` tbe perhegvel lefree dm hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`, perhegvel simety rgsas, i`l tbe beictb-

recitel cgmestyce hbdghes tbey oiae.

]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` wis `dt issdhgitel wgtb i ùojer dm pdte`tgiccy recevi`t hd`lgtgd`s, g`hculg`f

bdusg`f ilequihy, lgsti`he td dtber ]dcu`teers, tgoe spe`t wgtb bdst miogcges, i`l d`fdg`f suppdrtmu`htgd`s prdvglel jy tbe êihe Hdrps, suhb is oelghic dr ilog`gstritgve suppdrt.

9 \be –I`ùic ]dcu`teer Xurvey‟ gs hdood`cy remerrel td is tbe I]X wgtbg` tbe ife`hy.

: êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers ire fgve` i prgoiry issgfòe`t g` dè dm sgx sehtdrs; Ifrghucture, Hdoou`gty Ehd`dogh Levecdpoe`t,

Eluhitgd`, E`vgrdòe`t, Beictb, i`l Wdutb g` Levecdpoe`t.


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: | ^ i f e

êihe Hdrps Ogssgd` i`l Fdics

\be êihe Hdrps ogssgd` gs td prdodte wdrcl peihe i`l mrge`lsbgp tbrdufb hdoou`gty-jisel levecdpoe`t

i`l hrdss-hucturic exhbi`fe.8 \be ife`hy‗s tbree fdics ire;

9. Jugclg`f Cdhic Hipihgty; Ilvi`he cdhic levecdpoe`t jy stre`ftbe`g`f tbe hipihgty dm cdhic hdoou`gtges

i`l g`lgvgluics tbrdufb tbe servghe dm trigèl ]dcu`teers.

:. Xbirg`f Ioerghi wgtb tbe Vdrcl; ^rdodte i jetter u`lersti`lg`f dm Ioerghi`s tbrdufb ]dcu`teers wbd

cgve i`l wdra wgtbg` cdhic hdoou`gtges.

8. Jrg`fg`f tbe Vdrcl Jiha Bdoe; G`hreise Ioerghi`s‗ iwireèss i`l a`dwcelfe dm dtber huctures i`l

fcdjic gssues tbrdufb ]dcu`teers wbd sbire tbegr êihe Hdrps experge`hes i`l hd`tgùe td serve upd` tbegr

retur`.

Oetbdl

\be :>9< survey wis hd`luhtel d`cgè usg`f i` i`d`yodus, secm-ilog`gsterel questgd`ìgre lgstrgjutel td

]dcu`teers tbrdufb tbegr pdsts. Icc ]dcu`teers g` tbe twd-yeir prdfrio wbd bil servel mdr dè od`tb dr

cd`fer it tbe tgoe dm tbe survey ilog`gstritgd` were g`vgtel td pirtghgpite. \be mg`lg`fs prese`tel g` tbgs

repdrt ire jisel d` respd`ses mrdo ]dcu`teers wbd hbdse td pirtghgpite i`l hdopcetel tbe d`cgè

questgd`ìgre. Is g` icc pujcgh dpg`gd` surveys, tbese respd`ses represe`t persdìc dpg`gd`s, g`terpretitgd`s,

i`l pdg`ts dm vgew tbit oiy `dt je lgrehtcy oeisurijce dr djservijce. Xurvey respd`le`ts remcehtel tbe êihe

Hdrps ]dcu`teers‗ dvericc hdopdsgtgd` jy fe`ler, ife, fedfripbgh cdhitgd`, i`l ce`ftb dm servghe.

Liti mdr tbgs pujcghitgd` were iìcyzel usg`f i spehgicgzel sdmtwire pihaife mdr stitgstghic iìcysgs.

Cdfcgèir iìcysgs wis hd`luhtel td exiogè, test, i`l estgoite recitgd`sbgps iod`f hitefdrghic virgijces

recitel td ]dcu`teer perheptgd` dm tbegr sgtes1 mihtdr .>5).

Weir-td-yeir hdopirgsd`s prese`tel g` tbgs repdrt ire jisel d` liti mrdo rehurrg`f hrdss-sehtgdìc surveys

(wgtb lgmmere`t respd`le`ts eihb yeir) ritber tbi` cd`fgtulgìc surveys (sioe respd`le`ts eihb yeir).

8 \be ̂ eihe Hdrps. –Xtritefgh ̂ ci` MW :>992 i`l I`ùic ̂ ermdroi`he ̂ ci` MW :>9=,‟ :>95.bttp;//mgces.peihehdrps.fdv/ouctgoelgi/plm/pdcghges/phTstritefghTpci`T:>992.plm (ihhessel Oiy =, :>95).

< ̂ rg`hgpic hdopdè`t iìcysgs (^HI) wgtb virgoix rdtitgd`.

5 A-oei`s icfdrgtbo.


7/26

8 | ^ i f e

Vby tbe êihe Hdrps4Xg`he 97=9, wbe` ^resgle`t Kdb` M. Ae`èly sgfèl i` exehutgve drler estijcgsbg`f tbe êihe Hdrps, èircy

::>,>>> Ioerghi`s bive hbdse` td jehdoe êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers td serve g` levecdpg`f hdu`trges irdu`l

tbe wdrcl=. G` bgs pujcgh servghe i``du`heoe`t g`vgtg`f Ioerghi`s td kdg` tbe êihe Hdrps, ^resgle`t JirihaDjioi sigl, –\dliy dur wdrcl gs soiccer i`l odre g`terhd`èhtel tbi` ever jemdre. I`l gt prese`ts us wgtb

i` extridrlgìry dppdrtu`gty; td hd`èht wgtb pedpce g` sdoe dm tbe odst reodte hdrèrs dm tbe fcdje, i`l

sbdw tbeo tbit Ioerghi gs piyg`f itte`tgd`, tbit we hire, i`l tbit we ire bere td becp.‟6 G` rehe`t lehiles,

becpg`f dtbers bis jee` tbe prgoiry reisd` wby ]dcu`teers bive hbdse` td serve dverseis. G` :>995, ̂ eihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers bive servel g` 9 bdst hdu`trges.

6 \be êihe Hdrps. –^resgle`t Djioi E`hdurifes Ioerghi`s td Xerve.‟ :>995).

2 \be ̂ eihe Hdrps. –\be ]dcu`teers Xpeia Ifig`; tbe Xehd`l I`ùic Xurvey dm ̂ eihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers,‟ 9766.

96%

:9%


8/26

7, 9772, i`l 9765

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe lgstrgjutgd` dm respd`ses td tbe questgd`; –Bdw gopdrti`t were tbe mdccdwg`f mihtdrs g` ihheptg`f ydur ̂ eihe Hdrps

g`vgtitgd`4‟ \be tbree gteos ijdve were hd`sgste`tcy g`hculel g` tbe :>9>7, 9772, i`l 9765 questgd``igres (yeirs were hbdse`

jisel d` liti ivigcijgcgty). Zespd`ses were reshicel mrdo > td 9 usg`f i recitgve previce`he dm secehtel reisd`s (9 ? bgfbest

perhe`tife dm respd`le`ts g` i fgve` yeir1 > ? cdwest perhe`tife dm respd`le`ts g` i fgve` yeir).

Jise; :>9< (` ? 5,886)1 :>>7 (` ? 268)1 9772 (` ? 8,826)1 9765 (` ? 8,.> >.9 >.: >.8 >.< >.5 >.= >.6 >.2 >.7 9.>

Vdra experge`he

Ilvè ture/trivec

Becpg`f dtbers

:>9<

:>>7

9772

9765


9/26

5 | ^ i f e

Jisel d` bdw eihb respd`le`t shdrel d` eihb dm tbe tbree odtgvitgdìc mihtdrs, be/sbe wis hitefdrgzel is i`

ictrugst, prifoitgst, dr ilve`turer. Mdr exiopce, gm i respd`le`t‗s hichucitel ictrugso shdre wis bgfber tbi`

bgs/ber prifoitgso shdre i`l bgfber tbi` bgs/ber ilve`ture shdre, tbit respd`le`t wis pcihel g` tbe ictrugst

frdup. \bus, jecd`fg`f td i odtgvitgdìc frdup remcehts tbe ldogì`t mihtdr jebg`l tbe respd`le`ts‗ lehgsgd`

td kdg` tbe êihe Hdrps, `dt tbe d`cy mihtdr. G` :>97)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,9


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= | ^ i f e

^rifoitgsts‗ stress prdmgce reoigèl esse`tgiccy u`hbi`fel lurg`f tbegr twd-yeir servghe, tbdufb tbegr

perhegvel stress cevecs were bgfber, d` iverife, tbi` tbdse dm ]dcu`teers g` tbe dtber twd odtgvitgdìc

frdups. I hd`tgùduscy bgfb perhegvel stress cevec suffests tbit ègtber persdìc ilkustoe`ts jy tbe

]dcu`teer `dr êihe Hdrps suppdrt ogtgfitel prifoitgsts‗ hd`her`s.

U`cgae prifoitgsts, ictrugsts u`lerwe`t tbe odst prd`du`hel stress mcuhtuitgd`s iod`f tbe tbree frdups, wgtb

bgfber iverife perhegvel stress cevecs tbi` tbdse dm tbe dtber frdups jdtb it tbe jefg``g`f i`l e`l dm tbegr

servghe. @dtijcy, ictrugsts bil bgfber stress cevecs wbe` tbey were ceivg`f tbe êihe Hdrps tbi` it tbe

jefg``g`f dm tbegr servghe.

Mgfure 9.

liys4‟ g` i` e`cirfel vgew.

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,655)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,=:9)1 Ictrugsts (` ? 9,68>).

Jugclg`f Xuppdrt @etwdras

Bivg`f fddl persdìc hd`èhtgd`s wgtb meccdw ]dcu`teers, hdu`terpirts, bdst hdu`try ̀ itgdìcs, cdhic mrge`ls,

i`l U.X. miogcy i`l mrge`ls stre`ftbe`s tbe ijgcgty dm ]dcu`teers td suhheel g` ilvi`hg`f tbe êihe Hdrps

ogssgd` dm wdrcl peihe i`l mrge`lsbgp. êrsdìc i`l prdmessgdìc ètwdras icsd prdvgle suppdrt g` tgoes dm

èel i`l jetter equgp ]dcu`teers td oeet tbe hbicce`fes dm tbe sdoetgoes lgmmghuct e`vgrdòe`ts g` wbghb

tbey serve.

\be stre`ftb dm ]dcu`teers‗ ètwdras wis lemgèl jisel d` tbe ùojer dm fddl recitgd`sbgps tbey bil wgtb

meccdw ]dcu`teers, hdu`terpirts i`l hdoou`gty pirtèrs, bdst hdu`try g`lgvgluics, cdhic mrge`ls, i`l mrge`lsdr miogcy g` tbe U`gtel Xtites (\ijce 9.:). Odre tbi` bicm dm pirtghgpitg`f ]dcu`teers repdrtel oelguo-

stre`ftb suppdrt ètwdras (52%), i`l odre tbi` dè g` mgve ]dcu`teers (::%) bil strd`f suppdrt ètwdras.

td 9< od̀ tbs 9< td :9 od̀ tbs :: od`tbs dr odre

I v e r i f e

s t r e s s c e v e c ( 9 ? c g t

t c e t d ` d s t r e s s 1

9 > ? i f r e i t l e i c d m s t r e s s )

Ilve`turers

^rifoitgsts

Ictrugsts

Icc respd`le`ts


11/26

6 | ^ i f e

\ijce 9.:. ̂ ersdìc @etwdras dm ]dcu`teers

@etwdra s tre`ftb êrhe`tife dm respd`le`ts

Veia suppdrt ètwdra (it ceist dè fddl recitgd`sbgp dr `dè) :>%

Oelguo suppdrt ètwdra (it ceist twd dr tbree fddl recitgd`sbgps) 52%

Xtrd`f suppdrt ètwdra (it ceist mdur dr mgve fddl recitgd`sbgps) ::%

\be hbirt sbdws i lgstrgjutgd` dm tbe hichucitel ̀ uojer dm recitgd`sbgps jisel d` respd`ses td tbe questgd`s; –Bdw persdìccy

rewirlg`f ld ydu mg`l ydur (experge`he wgtb dtber ]dcu`teers1 wdra wgtb hdu`terpirts/hdooù gty pirtèrs1 experge`he wgtb dtber bdst

hdu`try g`lgvgluics)4‟ i`l –Vbghb dm tbe mdccdwg`f ihtgvgtges ld ydu ld td becp oiìfe stress4 (spe`l tgoe wgtb mrge`ls1 hd`tiht mrge`ls

dr miogcy g` tbe U`gtel Xtites).‟

Jise; ̀ ? 5,8


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2 | ^ i f e

Ilve`turers cel iod`f odtgvitgdìc frdups g` teros dm tbe estgoitel ùojer dm fddl persdìc hd`èhtgd`s,

wgtb i soiccer prdpdrtgd` dm tbe frdup repdrtg`f weia ètwdras i`l i cirfer prdpdrtgd` repdrtg`f strd`f

ètwdras (Mgfure 9.=). \be estgoitel hdopdsgtgd` dm ètwdras lgmmerel scgfbtcy iod`f tbe tbree odtgvitgdìc

frdups is wecc. Ilve`turers (5=%) i`l ictrugsts (5


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7 | ^ i f e

Mgfure 9.6. êrhegvel Emmehtgveèss jy Odtgvitgdìc Frdup

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe iverife emmehtgveèss ritg`fs prese`tel d` i shice dm > td 9>>. Mdr Fdics Dè i`l \wd, emmehtgveèss gs

oeisurel is i hdojgìtgd` dm se`tgoe`ts tdwirl hdu`terpirts, frdups wgtb wbghb ]dcu`teers wdra hcdsecy, i`l oeojers dm bdst

hdoou`gtges jisel d` respd`ses td tbe questgd`s; –Bdw emmehtgve ire ydu g` tri`smerrg`f a`dwcelfe i`l sagccs td becp tbe mdccdwg`f

g`lgvgluics dr drfi`gzitgd`s td jugcl tbegr hipihgtges4‟ i`l –Bdw emmehtgve ire ydu g` prdodtg`f i jetter u`lersti`lg`f dm Ioerghi`s

iod`f tbe mdccdwg`f bdst hdu`try g`lgvgluics dr frdups dm g`lgvgluics4‟ Mdr Fdic \bree, emmehtgveèss gs jisel d` respd`ses td tbe

questgd`; –Bdw emmehtgve ire ydu g` prdodtg`f i jetter u`lersti`lg`f dm bdst hdu`try ̀ itgdìcs iod`f Ioerghi`s4‟

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,298)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,== gs i oeisure hdood`cy usel g` hdooerhgic oiraet reseirhb tbit oiy bive

sdoe recevi`he td tbe êihe Hdrps is tbe ife`hy pci`s tbe expi`sgd` dm gts ]dcu`teer jise.99 Jy ippcyg`f tbe

oetbdl td tbe êihe Hdrps, ]dcu`teers hi` je lgvglel g`td tbree hitefdrges jisel d` tbegr ittgtules;

prdodters, pissgves, i`l letrihtdrs. \be @^X gs hichucitel jy sujtrihtg`f tbe perhe`tife dm letrihtdrs mrdo

tbe perhe`tife dm prdodters. Dvericc, tbe estgoitel perhe`tife dm prdodters (58%) iod`f tbe :>9<

respd`le`ts wis mgve tgoes freiter tbi` tbe perhe`tife dm letrihtdrs (9>%), resuctg`f g` tbe dvericc @^X dm >7 ( @^X qui`tgmges hustdoer cdyicty i`l expresses hustdoers‗ prdpe`sgty td rehdooe`l i hdopi`y ritber tbi` oerecy jeg`f sitgsmgel

wgtb gts prdluhts dr servghes. Ihhdrlg`f td tbe oetbdl, every hdopi`y‗s hustdoers hi` je lgvglel g`td tbree hitefdrges; prdodters,pissgves, i`l letrihtdrs. ̂ rdodters ire cdyic e`tbusgists wbd wgcc muec muture frdwtb. G` tbe ̂ eihe Hdrps hd`text, prdodters tri`sciteg`td sitgsmgel ]dcu`teers wbd wducl ̀ dt d`cy hdopcete tbegr servghe, jut wducl icsd ihtgvecy e`ldrse tbe experge`he i`l e`hdurifedtbers td kdg` tbe êihe Hdrps. ̂ issgves ire sitgsmgel jut uè`tbusgistgh. Vbgce sitgsmgel wgtb tbegr experge`he g` tbe êihe Hdrps,]dcu`teers g` tbgs hitefdry wducl ̀ dt ̀ ehessirgcy e`hdurife tbegr mrge`ls dr miogcy td serve. Letrihtdrs ire u`bippy i`l hi` lioifetbe jri`l i`l gopele frdwtb. Vbgce g` tbe mgecl, letrihtdrs hducl ̀ efitgvecy gopiht tbe experge`he dm dtber ]dcu`teers. G` illgtgd`, tbeywducl lgshdurife dtbers mrdo kdg`g`f tbe ̂ eihe Hdrps.99

\be ̂ eihe Hdrps. –Xtritefgh ̂ ci` MW :>992 i`l I`ùic ̂ ermdroi`he ̂ ci` MW :>9=,‟ :>95.

bttp;//mgces.peihehdrps.fdv/ouctgoelgi/plm/pdcghges/phTstritefghTpci`T:>992.plm (ihhessel Oiy =, :>95).

=6 =5 =2

66 6< 6=6< 6: 65

Ilve`turers ^rifoitgsts Ictrugsts

I v e r i f e

r i t g ` f ( > ? ` d t i t i c c

e m m e h t g v e ,

9 > > ? e x t r e o e c y e m m e h t g v e )

Fdic Dè Fdic \wd Fdic \bree


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9> | ^ i f e

Ihhdrlg`f td tbegr @^X shdre, ilve`turers ire tbe hceir hbiopgd`s mdr tbe êihe Hdrps (Mgfure 9.2). Gt gs

`dtewdrtby tbit, lespgte i hceir sbgmt mrdo ittrihtg`f ilve`turers td ictrugsts g` rehe`t lehiles, ilve`turers

ire stgcc tbe frdup repdrtg`f tbe odst pdsgtgve êihe Hdrps experge`he. Ceverifg`f tbe suhhess tbit tbe êihe

Hdrps icreily bis wgtb e`tbusgistgh ilve`turers, tbe ife`hy hducl wdra td egtber murtber stre`ftbe` tbe

suppdrt dm ictrugsts i`l prifoitgsts dr mdhus gts rehrugtoe`t emmdrts d` ilve`turers td mdster hd`tgùel

prdfrio frdwtb. Murtber g`vestgfitgd` gs èelel td gle`tgmy wbghb stritefy wducl jest serve tbe ife`hy‗sfdics.

Mgfure 9.2. @et ^rdodter Hitefdrges i`l Xhdres jy Odtgvitgdìc Frdup

@^X Hitefdrges @^X Xhdres

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe lgstrgjutgd` dm @et ̂ rdodter Xhdre frdups (cemt) i`l tbe @et ̂ rdodter Xhdre (rgfbt) dm tbe tbree odtgvitgdìc

frdups, wbghb ire jisel d` respd`ses td tbe questgd`s; –\dliy, wducl ydu stgcc oiae tbe sioe lehgsgd` td serve wgtb tbe ̂ eihe

Hdrps4‟1 –Vducl ydu rehdooe`l ̂ eihe Hdrps servghe td dtbers ydu tbgà ire quicgmgel4‟1 i`l, –Ld ydu g`te`l td hdopcete ydur ̂ eihe

Hdrps servghe4‟ \be huoucitgve shdre wis reshicel mrdo > td 9>. Zespd`le`ts wbd bil i huoucitgve shdre dm > td = ire letrihtdrs1

tbdse wbd bil i shdre dm 6 td 2 ire pissgves1 i`l tbdse wgtb shdres dm 7 td 9> ire prdodters.

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,2>9)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,=56)1 Ictrugsts (` ? 9,2>9< kdgèl tbe êihe Hdrps. G` hd`trist td tbe 976>s, wbe` tbe oikdrgty dm

]dcu`teers gle`tgmgel ilve`ture dr trivec is tbegr oig` reisd` mdr kdg`g`f tbe êihe Hdrps, tbe

oikdrgty dm :>9< ]dcu`teers gle`tgmgel becpg`f dtbers.

:. Ictrugsts mect odre emmehtgve tbi` tbe dtber twd frdups g` gopceoe`tg`f Fdic Dè (jugclg`f cdhic

hipihgty), wbgce ilve`turers mect odre emmehtgve g` gopceoe`tg`f Fdic \wd (sbirg`f Ioerghi wgtb

tbe wdrcl).

8. Xurvey liti suffest tbit becpg`f ]dcu`teers jugcl hdccijdritgve ̀ etwdras sbducl stre`ftbe` tbegrg`terhucturic hdopete`he i`l iccdw tbeo td ìvgfite oi`y dm tbe hbicce`fes tbey wgcc e`hdu`ter

lurg`f tbegr twd-yeir servghe.

%). \be resuctg`f dvericc @et ^rdodter Xhdre dm 9< gs

recitgvecy bgfb, jut cdwer tbi` gt wis it sdoe pdg`ts lurg`f tbe prevgdus lehile.

52%%

86%


15/26

99 | ^ i f e

U`lersti`lg`f Xgte êrheptgd`\d e`sure tbit êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers hi` suhhessmuccy permdro tbegr kdjs i`l ihbgeve resucts g` tbe

hbicce`fg`f e`vgrdòe`t dm levecdpg`f hdu`trges, tbe ̂ eihe Hdrps bis levecdpel i ouctglgshgpcg̀ iry prdhess

mdr sgte levecdpoe`t. Gt hd`sgsts dm g`terlepe`le`t pbises dm sgte secehtgd` (g`hculg`f sgte gle`tgmghitgd`), prepiritgd`, od`gtdrg`f, i`l d`fdg`f ]dcu t̀eer suppdrt (Mgfure :.9). Fddl sgte levecdpoe`t gs jecgevel td

je tbe mdu`litgd` dm i sime i`l prdluhtgve ]dcu`teer experge`he i`l gs feèriccy hd`sglerel td je tbe resuct

dm tbe hdccehtgve emmdrts dm êihe Hdrps stimm, ]dcu`teers, i`l cdhic pirtèrs.

Mgfure :.9. êihe Hdrps Xgte Levecdpoe`t ̂ rdhess

\bgs hbirt sbdws shbeoitghiccy tbe ̂ eihe Hdrps sgte levecdpoe`t prdhess dutcgèl g` g`terìc oiìfeoe`t ldhuoe`ts.

\be êihe Hdrps wdras wgtb bdst hdu`try fdveròe`ts i`l cdhic hdoou`gtges td seceht pdte`tgic cdhitgd`s

mdr ]dcu`teer issgfòe`ts, hd`luhts sgte i`l bdusg`f issessoe`ts, is wecc is bdst hdoou`gty drge`titgd`.

^dst stimm oeojers mdro hrdss-mu`htgdìc teios (g`hculg`f prdfrioog`f i`l trig`g`f, simety i`l sehurgty,

oelghic, bdusg`f, i`l g`mdroitgd` tehb`dcdfy spehgicgsts) i`l wdra tdfetber td estijcgsb i sgte e`vgrdòe`t

hd`luhgve td ]dcu`teer suhhess. \be êihe Hdrps‗ rdce g` sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` icsd g`hcules

gle`tgmyg`f wdra issgfòe`ts, hbddsg`f ipprdprgite wdra hdu`terpirts mdr ]dcu`teers,9: i`l prepirg`f

pirtèr drfi`gzitgd`s mdr tbe irrgvic dm i ]dcu`teer.

Fgve` tbe sujsti`tgic resdurhes tbe ife`hy lelghites td sgte levecdpoe`t, gt gs gopdrti`t td u`lersti`l bdw

tbe virgdus hdopdè`ts dm tbe ife`hy‗s prdhess g`mcue`he ]dcu`teer perheptgd`.

9: It sdoe êihe Hdrps pdsts, hdu`terpirts ire issgfèl jy tbe bdst hdu`try fdveròe`t dr drfi`gzitgd`.


16/26

9: | ^ i f e

\bedretghic Odlec dm ]dcu`teer Xgte ^erheptgd`

\be mdur oikdr ldoig`s dm tbe ^eihe Hdrps sgte levecdpoe`t prdhess“sgte secehtgd`, prepiritgd`,

od`gtdrg`f, i`l d`fdg`f suppdrt“tri`scite g`td tbe mdccdwg`f mdur ldoig`s dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`;

9) hdoou`gty leoi`l1 :) ]dcu`teer hdomdrt cevec1 8) meeljiha cddp1 i`l


17/26

98 | ^ i f e

G` drler td exiogè icc dm tbe pdte`tgic hdopdè`ts dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`, pdssgjce g`terihtgd`s iod`f

tbeo, i`l td leterogè gm tbere ire issdhgitgd`s iod`f tbe mdur ldoig`s dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` dutcgèl

g` Mgfure :.:, i cdfcgèir iìcysgs wis hbdse`.98 Is cdfcgèir iìcysgs ldes `dt lgmmere`tgite jetwee`

lepe`le`t i`l g`lepe`le`t virgijces, gt gs tbe mgrst step g` testg`f recitgd`sbgps g` hises wbere tbere ire

pdte`tgic“jut u h̀ceir“duthdoe oeisures. Mdr tbe purpdses dm tbgs repdrt, ]dcu`teer sitgsmihtgd` wgtb sgte

secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` suppdrt prdvglel jy g`-hdu`try êihe Hdrps stimm (i pdte`tgic duthdoe oeisure)wgcc je remerrel td is ]dcu`teer sgte sitgsmihtgd`.

Eopgrghic Odlec dm ]dcu`teer Xgte êrheptgd`

I situritel odlec dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`, wbghb g`hcules icc virgijces g` tbe tbedretghic odlec

(Mgfure :.:) i`l icc g`terihtgd`s iod`f tbeo, wis iìcyzel. \be mdccdwg`f g`terihtgd`s prdvel td je odst

gopdrti`t g` mdrog`f ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` (cgstel g` tbe drler dm tbe stre`ftb dm g`terihtgd`);

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` i`l hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` i`l simety rgsas

Vdra quicgty, simety rgsas, beictby cgmestyce hbdghes, i`l hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`9<

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` i`l wdra quicgty

Mgfure :.8. ]dcu`teer êrheptgd` dm êihe Hdrps Xgte Levecdpoe`t ^rdhess; Eopgrghic Odlec

Eopgrghic odlec Xtre`ftb dm G`terihtgd`s

\be hbirt d` tbe cemt represe`ts tbe mdccdwg`f feèritg`f hciss jisel d` tbe odlec secehtgd` cdfcgèir iìcysgs; sgte sitgsmihtgd` + hdoou`gtyg`tefritgd` + simety rgsas+ wdra quicgty + beictby cgmestyce hbdghes + sgte sitgsmihtgd` * hdoou`gty g`tefritgd` + sgte sitgsmihtgd` * simety rgsas + wdraquicgty * simety rgsas * beictby cgmestyce hbdghes* hdoou`gty g`tefritgd` + sgte sitgsmihtgd` * wdra quicgty. @ ? 5,:>.=2. Icc oig` emmehts

i`l g`terihtgd`s ire stitgstghiccy sgf`gmghi`t (p 3 >.>9). Hd`èhtdr cgès represe`t g`terihtgd`s1 tbe cgè wgltb remcehts tbe stre`ftb dm g`terihtgd`. \be hbirt d` tbe rgfbt sbdws tbe pirioeters dm i` u`situritel odlec jisel d` feèric cdfcgèir iìcysgs. \be pirioeters, dr emmehts, ireexpressel is i perhe`tife hbi`fe g` tbe dlls dm dè virgijce lue td i dè-u`gt hbi`fe g` i`dtber virgijce. \be emmehts ire is mdccdws; α

sgte sitgsmihtgd` *

hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`? >.881 α

sgte sitgsmihtgd` * simety rgsas? >.891 α

wdra quicgty * simety rgsas * beictby cgmestyce hbdghes * hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`? >.921 i`l α

sgte sitgsmihtgd` * wdra quicgty? >.96. \bese

strd`f g`terihtgd`s sbdw tbit tbe oif`gtule dm hbi`fe g` sgte sitgsmihtgd` hi``dt je oei`g`fmuccy g`terpretel icdè, wgtbdut tiag`f g`td hd`sgleritgd`tbe g`terihtgd` emmehts.

98 Cdfcgèir odlecs ire usemuc mdr u`hdverg`f tbe pdte`tgiccy hdopcex recitgd`sbgps jetwee` hitefdrghic virgijces suooirgzel gòuctgwiy hrdsstijucitgd`s.

9< \bgs gs i mdur-wiy g`terihtgd`.

92%

97%

8=%

%

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` * wdra quicgty

Vdra quicgty * simety rgsas *beictby cgmestyce hbdghes *

hdoou`gty g` tefritgd̀

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` * simety rgsas

Xgte sitgsmihtgd` * hdoou`gtyg`tefritgd`


18/26

9


19/26

95 | ^ i f e

\d u`lersti`l bdw ]dcu`teers mdro tbegr perheptgd`s, eihb hdopdè`t dm tbe eopgrghic odlec“ìoecy,

hdoou`gty g`tefritgd`, simety rgsas, wdra quicgty, i`l beictby cgmestyce hbdghes“wgcc je exiogèl g` recitgd`

td sgte sitgsmihtgd`. @eircy sgx g` te` (57%) mect sitgsmgel, wbgce odre tbi` dè g` mgve (:8%) mect lgssitgsmgel

wgtb tbe sgtes wbere tbey cgvel i`l wdrael.

Hdoou`gty G`tefritgd`

Xurvey liti sbdw tbit hdoou`gty g`tefritgd` gs tbe virgijce odst hcdsecy issdhgitel wgtb sgte sitgsmihtgd`

(Mgfure :.8). Dvericc, tbdse wbd mect wecc-g`tefritel g`td tbegr hdoou`gty were :: perhe`t odre cgaecy td je

sitgsmgel wgtb tbegr sgtes (66% versus =8%, Mgfure :.5). Bdwever, tbgs lgmmere`he wis eve` odre prdmdu`l

iod`f ictrugsts, tbe eoerfg`f type dm êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teer, wbd were 9.8 tgoes dr 8> perhe`t odre cgaecy

td je sitgsmgel wgtb tbegr sgtes gm tbey mect wecc-g`tefritel.

Mgfure :.5. ]dcu`teers Vbd Mect Vecc-G`tefritel jy Xgte Xitgsmihtgd` i`l Odtgvitgdìc Frdup

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe lgstrgjutgd` dm respd`ses td tbe questgd`s; –Bdw sitgsmgel ire ydu wgtb sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` suppdrtprdvglel jy g`-hdu`try ̂ eihe Hdrps stimm4‟ i`l –Bdw g`tefritel g`td ydur hdoou`gty ld ydu meec4‟ @uojers ijdve tbe ldttel cgès (g`

tbe mdroit x @) qui`tgmy tbe lgmmere`he jetwee` respehtgve perhe`tifes.

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,675)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,=)1 Ictrugsts (` ? 9,625).

@dtijcy, hdoou`gty g t̀efritgd` wis `dt hcdsecy issdhgitel wgtb i ùojer dm pdte`tgiccy recevi`t hd`lgtgd`s,

g`hculg`f lgsti`he td dtber ]dcu`teers i`l tgoe ]dcu`teers spe`t cgvg`f wgtb tbegr bdst miogcges.

Ximety Zgsas

]dcu`teer expdsure td simety rgsas bis tbe sehd`l strd`fest g`terihtgd` wgtb sgte sitgsmihtgd`. \be cdwer tbe

simety rgsa expdsure, tbe bgfber tbe sgte sitgsmihtgd` (Mgfure :.=). Is tbe hbirt jecdw g`lghites, prifoitgsts

were pirtghucircy se`sgtgve td tbe simety e`vgrdòe`t g` mdrog`f tbegr sgte perheptgd`s.

=7%

=>% =9% =8%

66% 65%67% 66%

Ilve`turers ^rifoitgsts Ictrugsts Icc respd`le`ts ^ e r h e ` t i f e

d m r e s p d ` l e ` t s

r e p d r t g ` f

" w e c c " d r " v e r y w e c c " g ` t e f r i t e l

]ery lgssitgsmgel dr lgssitgsmgel wgtb sgte Xitgsmgel dr very sitgsmgel wgtb sgte

x 9.:x 9.8x 9.:

x 9.9


20/26

9= | ^ i f e

Mgfure :.=. ]dcu`teers wgtb Cdw Zgsa Expdsure jy Xgte Xitgsmihtgd` i`l Odtgvitgdìc Frdup

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe lgstrgjutgd` dm respd`ses td tbe questgd`; –Bdw sitgsmgel ire ydu wgtb sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` suppdrt

prdvglel jy g`-hdu`try ̂ eihe Hdrps stimm4‟ i`l i hdopdsgte oeisure dm simety rgsa expdsure. @uojers ijdve tbe ldttel cgès (g` tbe

mdroit x @) qui`tgmy tbe lgmmere`he jetwee` respehtgve perhe`tifes.

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,2>9)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,=5:)1 Ictrugsts (` ? 9,679).

Vdra Yuicgty

Hdog`f mrdo i hucture tbit bis i reputitgd` mdr pcihg`f i bgfb vicue d` wdra, êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers oiy

mihe u`miogcgir wdra huctures i`l e`vgrdòe`ts g` levecdpg`f hdu`trges. Fgve` tbe pdte`tgic hucturic

lgmmere`hes g` tbe ipprdihb td wdra, prepirg`f hdoou`gty pirtèrs mdr i prdluhtgve hdccijdritgd` wgtb

Ioerghi` vdcu`teers i`l e`surg`f tbe ivigcijgcgty dm oei`g`fmuc wdra gs hruhgic mdr êihe Hdrps ]dcu`teers

td je i`l td meec tbit tbegr servghe wis suhhessmuc.

G` :>99< respd`le`t

wbd perhegvel tbit tbe ivigcijce wdra it sgte wis dm cdw quicgty i`l wbd wis hcissgmgel is i` ilve`turer

jisel d` odtgvitgd ìc mihtdrs reoirael g` survey hdooe`ts; –Dur wdra gs very, very vifue i`l `dt wecc-

lemgèl. \bgs gs`‗t tbe 97=>s i`yodre.‟

:=% :5%

8>%

:6%

8=% 86% 8=% 8=%

Ilve`turers ^rifoitgsts Ictrugsts Icc respd`le`ts

^ e r h e ` t i f e

d m r e s p d ` l

e ` t s


x 9.< x 9.5 x 9.: x 9.8


21/26

96 | ^ i f e

Mgfure :.6. ]dcu`teers Zepdrtg`f Bgfb Vdra Yuicgty jy Xgte Xitgsmihtgd` i`l Odtgvitgdìc Frdup

\bgs hbirt sbdws tbe lgstrgjutgd` dm respd`ses td tbe questgd`; –Bdw sitgsmgel ire ydu wgtb sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` suppdrt

prdvglel jy g`-hdu`try ̂ eihe Hdrps stimm4‟ i`l i hdopdsgte oeisure dm wdra quicgty. @uojers ijdve tbe ldttel cgès (g` tbe mdroit x

@) qui`tgmy tbe lgmmere`he jetwee` respehtgve perhe`tifes.

Jise; Ilve`turers (` ? 9,2>9)1 ̂ rifoitgsts (` ? 9,=5:)1 Ictrugsts (` ? 9,679).

Beictby Cgmestyce Hbdghes

Vbgce `dt lgrehtcy issdhgitel wgtb sgte sitgsmihtgd` jisel d` tbe eopgrghic odlec (Mgfure :.8), ]dcu`teer

beictby cgmestyce hbdghes jisel d` g`vdcveoe`t g` beictb-recitel ihtgvgtges ̀ dètbecess hd`trgjutes td i`

u`lersti`lg`f dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`. Jisel d` tbe previce`he dm beictb bijgts is gccustritel jy typghic

od`tbcy ihtgvgtges, ]dcu`teers mdroel tbree frdups; beictb-hd`shgdus ()1 @dt beictb-hd`shgdus (` ? :,>:7)1 Beictb-hd`shgdus (` ? :,986).

\bgs hbirt gs jisel d` respd`ses td tbe questgd`; –Lurg`f i typghic od`tb g` ydur servghe, bdw oi`y liys ld ydu e`fife g` tbe

mdccdwg`f ihtgvgtges4 i. Eit beictbgcy1 j. Lrgà ichdbdcgh jeverifes1 h. Exerhgse1 l. Fet e`dufb sceep1 i`l, e. Xodae.‟ \be frdups weregle`tgmgel usg`f a-oei`s hcuster iìcysgs.

6% 6% 6% 6%

88% 8:% 88% 88%

Ilve`turers ^rifoitgsts Ictrugsts Icc respd`le`ts

^ e r h e ` t i f e

d m r e s p d `

l e ` t s


@dt beictb-hd`shgdus

82%

ûsbg`f beictbcgogts:9%

Beictb-hd`shgdus

2

9=

9>

:8 :


22/26

92 | ^ i f e

Vbgce tbe êihe Hdrps hi` hreite i` eìjcg`f e`vgrdòe`t tbit mdsters beictby cgmestyce bijgts i`l hi`

eluhite ]dcu`teers ijdut tbegr gopdrti`he, gt gs u`ldujtelcy i ]dcu`teer‗s persdìc hbdghe is td wbetber dr

`dt td pursue suhb bijgts.

U`lersti`lg`f Vbit gs @dt Gopdrti`t

Estijcgsbg`f issdhgitgd`s iod`f hdopdè`ts dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` hi` becp us td jetter u`lersti`l

bdw tbdse perheptgd`s ire mdroel. G` tbe cd`f ru`, gt sbducl icsd igl g` goprdvg`f tbe sgte levecdpoe`t

prdhess jehiuse tbe ife`hy hi` tirfet eihb dm tbe gle`tgmgel eceoe`ts i`l oeisure hbi`fe g` ]dcu`teer

perheptgd` g` drler td fiufe tbe suhhess dm tbese emmdrts.

It tbe sioe tgoe, i` iìcysgs dm wbit gs `dt gopdrti`t hi` icsd prdvgle vicuijce g`sgfbt g`td murtber

u`lersti`lg`f ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`. Mdr exiopce, is tbe ]dcu`teer perheptgd` odlec sbdws (Mgfure :.


23/26

97 | ^ i f e

Ictbdufb reseirhbers issuoel tbit every virgijce g` tbe tbedretghic odlec dm ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` wducl

je sgf`gmghi`tcy issdhgitel wgtb ]dcu`teer perheptgd` dm tbegr sgtes, tbe eopgrghic odlec leod`strites tbit tbe

mdccdwg`f g`lgvgluic hdopdè`ts ire ̀ dt recevi`t td ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd`;

• Lgsti`he td dtber ^H]s (suppdrt ètwdras)

• Emmehtgveèss g` êihe Hdrps fdic

gopceoe`titgd` (hdoou`gty leoi`l)

• Bdusg`f ilequihy (persdìc hdomdrt)

• Zecitgd`sbgps wgtb êihe Hdrps stimm, miogcy,

mrge`ls, hdcceifues (suppdrt ̀ etwdras)

• Xitgsmihtgd` wgtb ̂ eihe Hdrps suppdrt

(meeljiha cddp)

• Xgte urji`gzitgd` (e`vgrdòe`tic mihtdr)

• Xgte vgsgts (meeljiha cddp)

• \erogìtgd` rites lurg`f mgrst tbree od`tbs dm

servghe (pdte`tgic duthdoe)

• \goe spe`t cgvg`f wgtb bdst miogcges

(suppdrt ̀ etwdras)

• \rig`g`f emmehtgveèss (meeljiha cddp)

Gt gs `dtijce tbit twd dm tbe mdur ldoig`s dm ]dcu`teer perheptgd` prese`tel g` Mgfure :.:“meeljiha cddp

i`l suppdrt ètwdras (wbghb remceht sgte od`gtdrg`f i`l d`fdg`f suppdrt, respehtgvecy)“prdvel td je

grrecevi`t td u`lersti`lg`f ]dcu`teer perheptgd`s refirlg`f tbegr sgtes.

Aey \iaeiwiys

9. ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` gs jisel prgoirgcy d`; 9) hdoou`gty leoi`l mdr tbe ]dcu`teer, is

oi`gmestel g` tbe ivigcijgcgty dm quicgty wdra1 i`l, :) ]dcu`teer hdomdrt cevec, is oi`gmestel g` tbe

perhegvel cevec dm hdoou`gty g̀ tefritgd`, perhegvel simety rgsas, i`l tbe beictb-recitel cgmestyce

hbdghes tbey oiae.

:. ]dcu`teer perheptgd` remcehts d`cy sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` hdopdè`ts dm tbe êihe Hdrps sgte

levecdpoe`t prdhess. Xgte od`gtdrg`f i`l d`fdg`f suppdrt ld `dt sbipe ]dcu`teer perheptgd`s dm

tbegr sgtes.

8. ]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` wis `dt issdhgitel wgtb i ùojer dm pdte`tgiccy recevi`t hd`lgtgd`s,

g`hculg`f bdusg`f ilequihy, lgsti`he td dtber ]dcu`teers, tgoe spe`t wgtb bdst miogcges, i`l d`fdg`f

suppdrt mu`htgd`s prdvglel jy tbe êihe Hdrps, suhb is oelghic dr ilog`gstritgve suppdrt.


24/26

:> | ^ i f e

Jugclg`f i ^reeoptgve êihe Hdrps

Lgshussgd`; –\bgs gs`‗t tbe 97=>s i`yodre.‟

]dcu`teer sgte perheptgd` u`ldujtelcy represe`ts d`cy dè ispeht dm tbe bdcgstgh pghture dm tbe êihe Hdrps

sgte levecdpoe`t prdhess. Bdwever, iìcyzg`f tbgs perheptgd` iccdws tbe ife`hy td mdhus gts emmdrts d` very

spehgmgh tisas, g.e., secehtg`f sgtes wgtb og`gouo simety rgsa, mihgcgtitg`f ]dcu`teers‗ g`tefritgd` g` tbe

hdoou`gtges wbere tbey cgve i`l wdra, e`surg`f tbe ivigcijgcgty dm oei`g`fmuc wdra g` respd`se td i reic

hdoou`gty ̀ eel, i`l eìjcg`f ]dcu`teers td oig`tig` beictby cgmestyces.

I strd`f g`terihtgd` jetwee` tbese spehgmgh hdopdè`ts wdras g` mivdr dm tbdse u`lertiag`f goprdveoe`t

g`gtgitgves; gt oei`s tbit gm dè hdopdè`t gs goprdvel, i`dtber ispeht ogfbt je e`bi`hel g` tbe prdhess. Mdr

exiopce, goprdvg`f i ]dcu`teer‗s hdoou`gty g`tefritgd` hi` prdluhe jetter-quicgty wdra1 oei`g`fmuc wdra

hi` odtgvite tbe ]dcu`teer td oiae beictby cgmestyce hbdghes1 i`l ceilg`f i beictbger cgmestyce hi` og`gogze

simety rgsas.

Odvg`f mdrwirl, gt wducl je wdrtb expcdrg`f wbetber i cirfer g`vestoe`t dm resdurhes g` sgte levecdpoe`td` tbe mrd`t e`l“tbrdufb i odre tirfetel, rgfdrdus sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` prdhess“oiy becp reluhe

tbe g`vestoe`t èelel td suppdrt ]dcu`teers wbe` sdoetbg`f fdes wrd`f lurg`f tbegr servghe.

Vbgce tbe ife`hy‗s hurre`t pdcghy remcehts tbe `dtgd` tbit –tbe quicgty dm i ]dcu`teer‗s sgte Q ... _ i`l wdra

issgfòe`t gs i hrgtghic meiture dm i sime ]dcu`teer experge`he,‟97 tbe êihe Hdrps‗ hurre`t resdurhe

iccdhitgd` ipprdihb oiy je odre reihtgve tbi` preeoptgve, pcihg`f i freiter eopbisgs d` oig`teì`he tbi`

d` jugclg`f mdu`litgdìc g`mristruhture. Xuppdrtg`f tbe beictb, simety, i`l sehurgty dm ]dcu`teers jy

–e`surg`f tbit êihe Hdrps stimm respd`l emmehtgvecy i`l hdopissgdìtecy wbe` g`hgle`ts dhhur‟ gs hrgtghiccy

gopdrti`t. Xehurg`f resdurhes summghge`t td stre`ftbe` sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` prdhelures, g`hculg`f

wdra ivigcijgcgty i`l rgsa issessoe`t, gs tberemdre esse`tgic.

G`vestoe`ts g` sgte secehtgd` i`l prepiritgd` ire espehgiccy gopdrti`t g` cgfbt dm i hbi`fe g` tbe odtgvitgdìc

prdmgce dm tbe :9st he`tury ]dcu`teer. \be sbgmt mrdo preldogì`tcy ilve`ture-seeag`f ]dcu`teers g` tbe

97=>s td tbe ictrugsts dm tbe :>9>s, hdupcel wgtb dvericc feèritgdìc hbi`fes, hiccs mdr i mcexgjce prdfrio

ilkustoe`t. \be êihe Hdrps gs hceircy ittrihtg`f i èw type dm ippcghi`t. \be èw ippcghi`t, bdwever, wgcc

`dt evdcve g`td tbe ]dcu`teer dm yesteryeir. Vbgce icc ]dcu`teers“pist, prese`t, i`l muture“persgst g` tbe

mihe dm hbicce`fg`f cgvg`f hd`lgtgd`s g` drler td eopdwer dtbers i`l hreite i jetter wdrcl, tbe :9st he`tury

]dcu`teer mdhuses odre tbi` prevgdus feèritgd`s d` bivg`f i pdsgtgve gopiht d` dtbers‗ cgves.

\be pirilgfo dm êihe Hdrps servghe gs sbgmtg`f. Zehdf`gzg`f tbgs sbgmt i`l iliptg`f td gt, espehgiccy wgtb tbe

goprdvg`f kdj oiraet g` tbe U`gtel Xtites, wgcc je i oikdr mdhus dm tbe êihe Hdrps dver tbe èxt severic

yeirs.

97 \be ̂ eihe Hdrps. ̂ eihe Hdrps Oiùic, Xehtgd` :6>, –]dcu`teer/\rigèe Ximety i`l Xehurgty,‟:>95.bttp;//www.peihehdrps.fdv/ijdut/pdcghges/ldhs/oì uic/ (ihhessel Oiy =, :>95).


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:9 | ^ i f e

Hd`hculg`f @dte\be êihe Hdrps exte`ls gts sg`here ipprehgitgd` td icc ]dcu`teers mdr tbegr servghe i`l mdr hd`trgjutg`f tbegr

tgoe i`l remcehtgd`s td tbe :>9< –I`ùic ]dcu`teer Xurvey.‟ \begr pirtghgpitgd` g` tbgs reseirhb e`sures tbit

tbe ]dghe dm tbe ]dcu`teer gs beirl jy tbe ife`hy, Hd`fress, dtber U.X. fdveròe`t ife`hges, i`l tbefeèric pujcgh.

Hd`tiht G`mdroitgd`

Mdr questgd`s dr hdooe`ts refirlg`f tbe survey mg`lg`fs, oetbdldcdfy, dr liti, pceise hd`tiht tbe êihe

Hdrps Dmmghe dm Xtritefgh G`mdroitgd`, Zeseirhb, i`l ^ci``g`f (DXZG^) it dsgrpNpeihehdrps.fdv.

Iha`dwcelfeoe`ts

Oirgì Ourriy, ^rdfrio Iìcyst“Xurvey Zeseirhb, DXGZ^, hd`hept, lesgf`, i`l iìcysgs i`l

g`terpretitgd` dm liti1 Ceib Eroirtb, Hbgem dm Zeseirhb i`l Evicuitgd`, DXGZ^, oiùshrgpt revgew1 Hitbry`

C. \bdrup, ^b.L., Lgrehtdr, DXGZ^, i`l êrmdroi`he Goprdveoe`t Dmmgher, oiùshrgpt revgew1 Lgiì

Xhboglt, ^b.L., Xe`gdr Ilvgsdr, Dmmghe dm Fcdjic Dperitgd`s, oiùshrgpt revgew1 Kihdj Xdmmrd`dmm,

Oiìfeoe`t Iìcyst, DXGZ^, d`cgè survey prdfrioog`f, liti quicgty issuri`he, i`l tijucitg`f resucts1

Xiouec Culwgf, Vrgter/Elgtdr, DXGZ^, elgtdrgic revgew.

\be mdccdwg`f stimm oeojers were g`struoe`tic g` prdvglg`f g`mdroitgd` ijdut tbe êihe Hdrps sgte

levecdpoe`t prdhess; Li`gec Jiaer, Oefi` Hurcey, Ioy Kdb`sd`, Kioes Cdufbrglfe, Kdsbui D‗Ld`ècc,

Ioi`li Zijg`dwgtz, i`l Lgiì Xhboglt.

Ijdut tbe êihe Hdrps

\be êihe Hdrps trihes gts rddts i`l ogssgd` td 97=>, wbe` tbe` Xeìtdr Kdb` M. Ae`èly hbicce`fel

stule`ts it tbe U`gversgty dm Oghbgfi` td serve tbegr hdu`try g` tbe hiuse dm peihe jy cgvg`f i`l wdrag`f g`

levecdpg`f hdu`trges. Mrdo tbit g`spgritgd` frew i` ife`hy dm tbe meleric fdveròe`t levdtel td wdrcl

peihe i`l mrge`lsbgp.

Ijdut tbe Dmmghe dm Xtritefgh G`mdroitgd`, Zeseirhb, i`l ^ci``g`f

DXGZ^ ilvi`hes evgle`he-jisel oiìfeoe`t it tbe êihe Hdrps jy fuglg`f ife`hy stritefgh pci``g`f1

od`gtdrg`f i`l evicuitg`f ife`hy-cevec permdroi`he i`l prdfrios1 hd`luhtg`f reseirhb td feèrite èw

g`sgfbts g` tbe mgecls dm g`terìtgdìc levecdpoe`t, hucturic exhbi`fe, i`l ]dcu`teer servghe1 e`bi`hg`f tbe

stewirlsbgp i`l fdverì`he dm ife`hy liti1 i`l, becpg`f td sbipe ife`hy e`fifeoe`t d` bgfb-cevec,fdveròe`twgle g`gtgitgves.

Dtber ûjcghitgd`s g` tbgs Xerges

\be survey mg`lg`fs prese`tel g` tbgs repdrt ire jisel d` tbe iìcysgs dm liti repdrtel g` tbe –:>9< I`ùic

]dcu`teer Xurvey Fcdjic \ijucir Zepdrt‟ ivigcijce it peihehdrps.fdv/dpe`. \be –:>9< I`ùic ]dcu`teer

Xurvey Fcdjic \ijucir Zepdrt‟ hd`tig`s letigcel liti tijces suooirgzg`f icc qui`tgtitgve respd`ses.


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îuc L. Hdverlecc êihe Hdrps Beilquirters

9999 :>tb Xtreet @V | Visbg`ftd` LH :>5:=

G` tbe ]dghe dm tbe ]dcu`teer;

–Kdg`g`f tbe êihe Hdrps bis jee` dè dm tbe jest

lehgsgd`s tbit G‗ve oile g` cgme. Oy experge`he bere

bis cel td persdìc i`l prdmessgdìc frdwtb.‟

–Gm ydur prgdrgtges, fdics, bdpes, le`gtgd`s dm migcurei`l suhhess hbi`fe tbrdufbdut ydur servghe, tbgs

gs i fddl tbg`f. \bgs gs evgle`he dm iliptijgcgty.‟

–Je mi`tistghiccy, ioizg`fcy, kust sgccy persgste`t. Mg`l

odtgvitel pedpce, aeep tbeo, jugcl i ètwdra.‟

–G cdve oy wdra i`l oy experge`he is i vdcu`teer!

Gt gs i` g`hrelgjcy rewirlg`f issgfòe`t.‟

–Cdve tbe êihe Hdrps, wigtel oi`y yeirs td kdg`.‟

–Gt‗s jee` i fddl ru`.‟

Zespd`ses mrdo tbe :>9< I`ùic ]dcu`teer Xurvey

peace corps 2014 voice of the volunteer july 15 2015

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