peace corps host country impact study ukraine

7/27/2019 Peace Corps Host Country Impact Study Ukraine

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Igglcj ig Strhtjblc Legirkhtlie-

_jsjhrcn hed Vmheeleb

Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Study

Zarhlej

Glehm _jpirt prjphrjd oy tnj Igglcj ig Strhtjblc Legirkhtlie-

_jsjhrcn hed Vmheeleb


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Vhbj | ?

THOMJ IG CIETJETS

MLST IG THOMJS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3MLST IG GLBZ_JS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3

HCAEIRMJDBJKJETS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%:HC_IE\KS HED DJGLELTLIES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7J^JCZTLWJ SZKKH_\ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2Letriductlie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2Vurpisj ig tnj Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Studljs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2Jvhmuhtlie Kjtnidimiby %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2Vri`jct Djslbe hed Vurpisj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >Jvhmuhtlie Gledlebs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >

CNHVTJ_ 80 LET_IDZCTLIE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%88Ohcabriued %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 88Tnls Nlstiry ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj .TJGM,Vri`jct %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8?Vurpisj ig tnj Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Studljs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8?Jvhmuhtlie Kjtnidimiby %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 83Niw Rlmm tnj Legirkhtlie oj Zsjd9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 84

CNHVTJ_ ?0 V_I@JCT DJSLBE HED VZ_VISJ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8:Sjctir Ivjrvljw %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8:

CNHVTJ_ 30 BIHM IEJ GLEDLEBS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8>Dld Vjhcj Cirps Vri`jcts Njmp Vri`jct Vhrtejrs Kjjt Salmm hed Chphclty Oulmdleb Ejjds9 %%%% 8>Gledlebs ie Ledlvlduhm Cnhebjs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?:Niw Dld Salmms Trhesgjr Iccur9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3?Ivjrhmm NCE Shtlsghctlie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3>Suppirt hed Ohrrljrs ti Vri`jct Vjrgirkhecj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 44Mjssies Mjhrejd _jbhrdleb Bihm 8 Vjrgirkhecj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 42

CNHVTJ_ 40 BIHM TRI GLEDLEBS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4>Niw Dld Zarhlelhes Bjt Legirkhtlie hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjr9 4>Rnht Rjrj _jspiedjets Iplelies hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb wltn tnj Wimuetjjr9 :8Ti Rnht Jxtjet Dld _jspiedjets Nhvj Jxpjrljecj wltn tnj Vjhcj Cirps hed Wimuetjjrs9 %%%%% :>Cnhebjs le NCEs Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches Hgtjr Aeiwleb h Wimuetjjr %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 78Gledlebs ie Rnht Zarhlelhes Mjhrejd Hoiut Hkjrlches grik Wimuetjjrs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7


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Vhbj | 3

MLST IG THOMJS

Thomj 80 Eukojr hed Typj ig Nist Ciuetry Ehtliehms Letjrvljwjd0 Zarhlej %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 84Thomj ?0 Eukojr hed Typj ig Nist Ciuetry Ehtliehms Letjrvljwjd0 Zarhlej %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 27Thomj 30 Sukkhry ig Letjrvljw Xujstlies oy _jspiedjet Typj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 27

MLST IG GLBZ_JS

Glburj 80 Ivjrvljw ig tnj Tnjiry ig Cnhebj gir tnj TJGM Vri`jct0 Zarhlej %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 87Glburj ?0 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht _htjd tnj Cnhebj hs

Ht Mjhst Sikjwnht Ojttjr0 scniim Mjvjm .e;848, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?6Glburj 30 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj

Scniim+Mjvjm Cnhebjs _jkhlejd le Jggjct Hgtjr tnj Djphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr .e;848, % ?8Glburj 40 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj

Scniim+Mjvjm Cnhebjs Mhrbjmy ir Cikpmjtjmy Kjt Tnjlr Ejjds .e;848, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ??Glburj 70 Eukojr ig TJGM Vri`jct Sthajnimdjrs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj Scniim+Mjvjm Cnhebjs

Mhrbjmy ir Cikpmjtjmy Kjt Tnjlr Ejjds .e;4, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?4Glburj 20 Eukojr ig \jhrs Jduchtlie Ciuetjrphrts Nhd Rirajd le tnj Gljmd0 Zarhlej .e;7:, % ?7Glburj >0 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht _htjd tnj Cnhebj hs ht Mjhst

Sikjwnht Ojttjr0 Ledlvlduhm Mjvjm .e;846, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?2Glburj

Glburj 860 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs Rni Ledlchtjd tnht tnjLedlvlduhm+Mjvjm Cnhebjs Mhrbjmy ir Cikpmjtjmy Kjt Tnjlr Ejjds .e;846, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?


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Vhbj | 4

Glburj ??0 Ohrrljrs ti Vri`jct Succjss hkieb TJGM Vri`jct Sthajnimdjrs0 Zarhlej .e;4, %%%%%%%%% 47Glburj ?30 Ciuetjrphrt hed Ojejglclhry Siurcjs ig Legirkhtlie hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti

Letjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjr0 Zarhlej .e;848, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 40 Iplelie ig Hkjrlches Ojgirj Letjrhctlie Hkieb Nist Ghklmy Kjkojrs0 Zarhlej

.e;87, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :7Glburj ?


5/81

Vhbj | :

HCAEIRMJDBJKJETS8

Sjvjrhm pjipmj ht Vjhcj Cirps)njhdquhrtjrs wjrj lestrukjethm le mhuecnleb tnj wira ig tnjlkphct jvhmuhtlie sjrljs% Tnrjj rjbliehm pribrhk hed trhleleb hdvlsjrs- Ohrohrh Oriwe- Klcnhjm

KcChoj- hed Khrbhrjt KcMhubnmle- snjpnjrdjd tnj studljs grik leltlhm ciecjpt tilkpmjkjethtlie le tnjlr rjblies% Whmuhomj suppirt hed leput hmsi cikj grik Zarhlej CiuetryDjsa Igglcjr Mjeey Oheajstjr%

Tnj letjrjst hed suppirt grik tnj Vjhcj Cirps sthgg le tnj ciuetrljs wnjrj tnj rjsjhrcn whscieductjd wjrj crltlchm le tnj jedjhvir% Iur slecjrj hpprjclhtlie ls jxtjedjd ti girkjr CiuetryDlrjctir Dlheh Scnkldt hed currjet Ciuetry DlrjctirDiubmhss Tjscnejr- Vribrhk hed TrhlelebIgglcjrTnikhs _iss- TJGM Mjhd Spjclhmlst Thtlheh Bhldua- hed \iutn Djvjmipkjet MjhdSpjclhmlst Hehtimly Shanei%

Tnj succjss ig tnj studljs ls duj umtlkhtjmy ti tnj wira ig tnj michm rjsjhrcn tjhknjhdjd oy

Sjelir _jsjhrcnjrMyuoiv Vhmyvidh% Njrtjhk salmmgummy jeciurhbjd tnj phrtejrs?

8Hmtniubn tnjsj studljs hrj h tjhk jggirt levimvleb hmm kjkojrs ig tnj ISL_V sthgg- wj wiumd mlaj ti rjcibelzjNjldl Orijajkjljr gir njr rimj hs tnj study mjhd hed tnj slbelglchet suppirt privldjd oy Sushe @jeales hed ISL_VsCnljg ig Jvhmuhtlie- @hejt Ajrmjy% @ine Oryhe cipy+jdltjd tnj phpjr hed ISL_V Dlrjctir Chtnrye M% Tniruprjvljwjd hed khdj suosthetlvj jdlts ti tnj phpjr%

ig VjhcjCirps Wimuetjjrs ti snhrj tnjlr jxpjrljecjs hed pjrspjctlvjs%

? Vhrtejrs lecmudj hey ledlvlduhms wni khy nhvj mlvjd ir wirajd wltn h Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjr%


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Vhbj | 7

HC_IE\KS HED DJGLELTLIES

Hcrieyks

CCC CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr

NCE Nist Ciuetry Ehtliehm

GMJ^ Guturj Mjhdjrs Jxcnhebj Vribrhk

KIJS Klelstry ig Jduchtlie hed Scljecj

EBI Eie+Bivjrekjethm Irbhelzhtlie

IKO Igglcj ig Khehbjkjet hed Oudbjt

ISL_V Igglcj ig Strhtjblc Legirkhtlie- _jsjhrcn hed Vmheeleb

VC)Z Vjhcj Cirps)ZarhlejVCW Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjr

TJGM Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj

Djgleltlies

Ojejglclhrljs Ledlvlduhms wni rjcjlvj hsslsthecj hed njmp grik tnj pri`jct1 tnjpjipmj tnht tnj pri`jct ls prlkhrlmy djslbejd ti hdvhethbj

Ciuetjrphrts)Vri`jct phrtejrs Ledlvlduhms wni wira wltn Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs1Wimuetjjrs khy wira wltn kumtlpmj phrtejrs hed ciuetjrphrtsdurleb tnjlr sjrvlcj% Vri`jct phrtejrs hmsi ojejglt grik tnjpri`jcts- out wnje tnjy hrj phlrjd wltn Wimuetjjrs le hprigjssliehm rjmhtliesnlp ir ohsjd ie tnjlr pisltlie le heirbhelzhtlie ir cikkuelty .j%b%- cikkuelty mjhdjr,- tnjy hrjciesldjrjd ciuetjrphrts ir pri`jct phrtejrs

Nist ghklmy kjkojrs Ghklmljs wltn wnik h Wimuetjjr mlvjd durleb hmm ir phrt ignls)njr trhleleb hed)ir sjrvlcj

Vri`jct sthajnimdjrs Nist ciuetry hbjecy spiesirs hed phrtejrs3

3 Tnls djgleltlie- wnlmj ehrriwjr tnhe tnj iej cikkiemy usjd le tnj djvjmipkjet gljmd- ls tnj shkj hs tnht usjd letnj ledlchtir dhth snjjt djvjmipjd gir Vjhcj Cirps Vjrgirkhecj Ledlchtir 8%8%8 o%


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Vhbj | 2

J^JCZTLWJ SZKKH_\

Letriductlie

Le ?66>- tnj Vjhcj Cirps mhuecnjd h sjrljs ig studljs ti djtjrklej tnj lkphct ig lts Wimuetjjrsie twi ig tnj hbjecys tnrjj bihms0 oulmdleb michm chphclty hed prikitleb h ojttjr uedjrsthedlebig Hkjrlches hkieb nist ciuetry ehtliehms .NCEs,% Tnj Vjhcj Cirps cieducts he heeuhm survjytnht chpturjs tnj pjrspjctlvj ig currjetmy sjrvleb Wimuetjjrs%4

Tnls rjpirt prjsjets tnj gledlebs grik tnj study cieductjd le Zarhlej durleb Khy ig ?686% Tnjrjsjhrcn gicusjd ie tnj Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj .TJGM, Vri`jct%

Rnlmj privldleb crltlchm leslbntleti tnj Wimuetjjr jxpjrljecj- tnj survjy che iemy hddrjss iej sldj ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps stiry%Tnj hbjecys Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Studljs hrj uelquj gir tnjlr gicus ie mjhreleb hoiut tnj VjhcjCirps lkphct dlrjctmy grik nist ciuetry ehtliehms wni mlvjd hed wirajd wltn Wimuetjjrs%

Vurpisj ig tnj Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Studljs

Zarhlejs Nist Ciuetry Lkphct Study whs djslbejd ti hssjss tnj djbrjj ti wnlcn tnj VjhcjCirps whs homj ti kjjt tnj ejjds ig tnj ciuetry le djvjmipleb jduchtliehm chphclty- lelkprivleb njhmtn iutcikjs- hed le prikitleb h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hkieb nistciuetry ehtliehms% Tnj study whs letjedjd ti privldj tnj Vjhcj Cirps wltn h ojttjruedjrsthedleb ig tnj TJGM Vri`jct- hed ti ldjetlgy hrjhs gir lkprivjkjet%

Tnj kh`ir rjsjhrcn qujstlies hddrjssjd le tnj study hrj0

Dld salmms trhesgjr hed chphclty oulmdleb iccur9 Rnht salmms wjrj trhesgjrrjd ti irbhelzhtlies)cikkueltljs hed ledlvlduhms hs h

rjsumt ig Wimuetjjrs wira9 Rjrj tnj salmms hed chphcltljs susthlejd phst tnj jed ig tnj pri`jct9 Niw shtlsgljd wjrj NCEs wltn tnj pri`jct wira9 Rnht dld NCEs mjhre hoiut Hkjrlches9 Dld NCEs rjpirt tnht tnjlr iplelies ig Hkjrlches nhd cnhebjd hgtjr letjrhctleb

wltn tnj Vjhcj Cirps hed Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs .VCWs,9

Jvhmuhtlie Kjtnidimiby

Tnls jvhmuhtlie rjpirt ls ohsjd ie dhth privldjd oy ciuetjrphrts- ojejglclhrljs- hed sthajnimdjrsig tnj Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj Vri`jct- lecmudleb0

7: Ciuetjrphrts)pri`jct phrtejrs 27 Ojejglclhrljs

4Vjhcj Cirps survjyjd Wimuetjjrs pjrlidlchmmy grik 8


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J^JCZTLWJ SZKKH_\

Vhbj | >

87 Nist ghklmy kjkojrs 4 Sthajnimdjrs

Ivjrhmm- tnj survjy rjhcnjd 878 rjspiedjets le ?6 cikkueltljs%

Letjrvljws wjrj cieductjd grik Khy : ti Khy 8>- ?686% Tnj jvhmuhtlie studljs wjrj djslbejd oyVjhcj Cirps)njhdquhrtjrs Igglcj ig Strhtjblc Legirkhtlie- _jsjhrcn hed Vmheeleb .ISL_V,% Tnlsjvhmuhtlie whs cieductjd le+ciuetry oy tnj CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr .CCC,- h Zarhlelhe EBI%Zarhlelhe Sjelir _jsjhrcnjr Myuoiv Vhmyvidh hed njrtjhk ig tje letjrvljwjrs cieductjd tnjrjsjhrcn% .H gumm djscrlptlie ig tnj kjtnidimiby ls giued le Hppjedlx 8% Vmjhsj ciethct ISL_Vgir h cipy ig tnj letjrvljw qujstlieehlrj%,

Vri`jct Djslbe hed Vurpisj

Tnj TJGM Vri`jct sthrtjd le @uej ig 8


9/81

J^JCZTLWJ SZKKH_\

Vhbj | * ig ciuetjrphrts hed ojejglclhrljs hed twi ig 87 nistghklmy kjkojrs rjpirtjd h tniriubn uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches

Hgtjr letjrhctleb wltn tnj Wimuetjjrs- :6 pjrcjet ig ciuetjrphrts- 3< pjrcjet igojejglclhrljs- hed slx ig 87 nist ghklmy kjkojrs rjpirtjd nhvleb h tniriubnuedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches

Ojgirj letjrhctleb wltn VCWs- 86* ig ciuetjrphrts- 8:* ig ojejglclhrljs- hed tnrjj ig 87nist ghklmy kjkojrs rjpirtjd h vjry pisltlvj iplelie ig Hkjrlches%

Hgtjr letjrhctleb wltn tnj Wimuetjjrs- 2?* ig ojejglclhrljs hed 86 ig 87 nist ghklmykjkojrs rjpirtjd kirj pisltlvj iplelies ig Hkjrlches:

: Duj ti he jrrir le tnj djvjmipkjet ig tnj letjrvljw qujstlies- tnls qujstlie whs eit hsajd ig ciuetjrphrts%


11/81

Vhbj | 88

CNHVTJ_ 80 LET_IDZCTLIE

Ohcabriued

Tnj Vjhcj Cirps trhcjs lts riits hed klsslie ti 8


12/81


Vhbj | 8?

Tnls Nlstiry ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe

Mhebuhbj .TJGM, Vri`jct

Tnj Tjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj .TJGM, Vri`jct sthrtjd le @uej ig 8


13/81


Vhbj | 83

Jvhmuhtlie Kjtnidimiby

Le ?66>- tnj Vjhcj Cirps Igglcj ig Strhtjblc Legirkhtlie- _jsjhrcn hed Vmheeleb .ISL_V,leltlhtjd h sjrljs ig jvhmuhtlie studljs le rjspiesj ti h khedhtj grik tnj Igglcj ig Khehbjkjethed Oudbjt .IKO, tnht Vjhcj Cirps jvhmuhtj tnj lkphct ig lts Wimuetjjrs le hcnljvleb Bihm ?%

Tnrjj ciuetrljs wjrj sjmjctjd ti plmit h kjtnidimiby tnht wiumd jxhklej tnj lkphct ig tnjtjcnelchm wira ig Wimuetjjrs- hed tnjlr cirimmhry wira ig prikitleb h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb igHkjrlches hkieb tnj pjipmj wltn wnik tnj Wimuetjjrs wirajd hed mlvjd% Le cimmhoirhtlie wltntnj Vjhcj Cirps ciuetry dlrjctir ht jhcn pist- ISL_V plmitjd h kjtnidimiby ticimmjctlegirkhtlie dlrjctmy grik nist ciuetry ehtliehms hoiut salmms trhesgjr hed chphclty oulmdleb- hswjmm hs cnhebjs le tnjlr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches%

Tnj rjsjhrcn gir tnls study whs djslbejd oy ISL_V siclhm scljetlsts hed lkpmjkjetjd le+ciuetryoy Sjelir _jsjhrcnjr Myuoiv Vhmyvidh hed h tjhk ig letjrvljwjrs- uedjr tnj supjrvlslie ig tnjVjhcj Cirps ciuetry sthgg% Tjcnelchm dlrjctlie whs privldjd oy tnj ISL_V tjhk% H wjo+ohsjd

dhthohsj whs usjd ti khehbj tnj qujstlieehlrj dhth hed suosjqujet hehmysls%

Le Zarhlej- tnj tjhk cieductjd letjrvljws le ?6 cikkueltljs wnjrj Wimuetjjrs wirajd% Tnrjjnuedrjd slxty+iej pmhcjkjets ojtwjje ?66: hed ?686 wjrj ldjetlgljd gir pisslomj phrtlclphtliele tnj study% H rjprjsjethtlvj- rhtnjr tnhe h rhedik- shkpmj whs drhwe grik tnj mlst ig Wimuetjjrhsslbekjets slecj ?66:% Zarhlelhe Sjelir _jsjhrcnjr Myuoiv Vhmyvidh hed njr tjhk cieductjdsjkl+structurjd letjrvljws wltn Zarhlelhes wni nhd mlvjd hed)ir wirajd wltn Vjhcj CirpsWimuetjjrs% .Tnj letjrvljw scnjdumj ls hvhlmhomj upie rjqujst grik ISL_V%,

Tnj survjy rjhcnjd 878 rjspiedjets le ?6 cikkueltljs% Sltjs wjrj sjmjctjd ti oj hsrjprjsjethtlvj ig Zarhlej hs pisslomj- lecmudleb bjibrhpnlc hed mlebulstlc dlvjrslty%

Letjrvljws wjrj cieductjd grik Khy : tnriubn Khy 8>- ?686 wltn sjvje briups ig nist ciuetryledlvlduhms .Thomj 8,0

Vri`jct phrtejrs)ciuetjrphrts0 Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs- djphrtkjet dlrjctirs hed djputydlrjctirs- hed Jebmlsn mhebuhbj spjclhmlsts grik sjciedhry scniims- uelvjrsltljs- irtrhleleb lestltutlies

Vri`jct ojejglclhrljs0 Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs- tjhcnjrs ig itnjr suo`jcts- Jebmlsn cmuokjkojrs- hed studjets grik 73 sjciedhry scniims- elej uelvjrsltljs- hed giur trhleleblestltutlies

Nist ghklmy kjkojrs0 Ghklmljs tnht nistjd ir sjrvjd hs mhedmirds ti Wimuetjjrs durlebhmm ir phrt ig tnjlr sjrvlcj- lecmudleb durleb Vrj+Sjrvlcj Trhleleb

Vri`jct sthajnimdjrs0 Ledlvlduhms wltn slbelglchet levimvjkjet le tnj djslbe-lkpmjkjethtlie ir rjsumts ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps pri`jct- lecmudleb igglclhms grik tnjKlelstry ig Jduchtlie hed Scljecj- tnj Klelstry ig tnj Jcieiky- hed tnj jdltir ig heJebmlsn mhebuhbj ejwsphpjr


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Vhbj | 84

Letjrvljwjrs rjcirdjd tnj rjspiedjets cikkjets- cidjd tnj heswjrs- hed jetjrjd ti h wjo+ohsjd dhthohsj khlethlejd oy ISL_V% Tnj dhth wjrj hehmyzjd oy ISL_V rjsjhrcnjrs hed tnjsjelir rjsjhrcnjr%

Thomj 80 Eukojr hed Typj ig Nist Ciuetry Ehtliehms Letjrvljwjd0 Zarhlej

Letjrvljw Typj Eukojr ig Vjipmj Eukojr ig Sltjs

Vri`jct ciuetjrphrts Mhebuhbj tjhcnjrs Dlrjctirs Mlebulsts Sthgg ht trhleleb

lestltutlies

7:44

Tnj Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej TGGM Vri`jct whs irlblehmmy djvjmipjd le rjspiesj ti tnj ejjd girrjgirks le girjlbe mhebuhbj jduchtlie ldjetlgljd oy KIJS gir tnj ciuetrys Ehtliehm Vribrhkhed ti hddrjss tnj ejjds ig tnj Zarhlelhe pjipmj% Zarhlej"s letjbrhtlie leti tnj bmiohmkhrajtpmhcj rjqulrjs tnj djvjmipkjet ig Jebmlsn+spjhaleb holmlty le h mhrbj pirtlie ig ltspipumhcj% Tnj jduchtliehm systjk ls eit homj ti privldj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj trhleleb gir hmmletjrjstjd studjets%

Tnj TJGM Vri`jct sjjas ti lkprivj studjets hed tjhcnjrs Jebmlsn cikkuelchtlie salmms hed tijeciurhbj ledjpjedjet tnlealeb hed priomjk+simvleb tnriubn tnj crjhtlie ig he letjrhctlvjmjhreleb jevlriekjet hed tnriubn tnj usj ig cietjkpirhry kjtnids hed khtjrlhms% Wimuetjjrswira le jduchtliehm lestltutlies hs Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs hed tjhcnjr trhlejrs% Wimuetjjr Jebmlsntjhcnjrs wira le cmhssriiks wltn kirj tnhe ?6-666 studjets jhcn yjhr% Khey cmhssriik

tjhcnjrs hmsi wira hs tjhcnjr trhlejrs orlebleb cietjkpirhry kjtnidimibljs ti tnj Zarhlelhejduchtliehm systjk gistjrleb djohtj- crltlchm tnlealeb salmms- hed tjhcnjr+ti+tjhcnjr mleahbjs% TnjWimuetjjrs hmsi wira ie djvjmipleb jduchtlie khtjrlhms hed lecrjhsleb cikkuelty iutrjhcn%

Tnj Vjhcj Cirps TJGM Vri`jct ls prlkhrlmy ciecjetrhtjd ie jduchtliehm lestltutlies le iutmylebhrjhs wnjrj tnj djkhed gir Jebmlsn mhebuhbj lestructlie ls lecrjhsleb% Wimuetjjrs njmp timjssje tnj jggjcts ig h snirthbj ig Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs ht sjciedhry scniims le skhmm tiwes hedvlmmhbjs- wnjrj ehtlvj Jebmlsn+spjhaleb tjhcnjrs hrj rhrjmy giued% Tnjy hmsi hsslst Zarhlelhecimmjhbujs le djvjmipleb tnjlr mhebuhbj cikpjtjecljs tnriubn dhlmy cikkuelchtlie le legirkhmsjttlebs hed girkhm tjhcnjr trhleleb prjsjethtlies ir wirasnips% Tnj TJGM Vri`jct hmsi rjqulrjshmm Wimuetjjrs ti thcamj tnj snirthbj ig khtjrlhms tnriubn tnj crjhtlie ig rjsiurcj cjetjrs1

khtjrlhm djvjmipkjet hed rjvlslie1 hed tnj hctlvj simlclthtlie ig puomlsnjrs- irbhelzhtlies-lestltutlies- grljeds- hed ghklmljs% Wimuetjjrs hmsi prikitj httltudjs hed salmms jssjetlhm gir hsnlgt ti h khrajt jcieiky hed h djkicrhtlc sicljtypriomjk simvleb- crltlchm tnlealeb- clvlcrjspieslolmlty- jevlriekjethm hwhrjejss- hed njhmtny mlgjstymjs%

Vri`jct Bihms0

8% Zarhlelhe sjciedhry scniim hed uelvjrslty)cimmjbj studjets ht hmm mjvjms wlmm djvjmip sjmg+ciegldjecj hed jkpiwjrkjet tnriubn tnj usj ig tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj%

?% Zarhlelhe tjhcnjrs wlmm privldj ojttjr Jebmlsn mhebuhbj jduchtlie oy utlmlzleb leeivhtlvjtjcnelqujs hed hppmyleb lkprivjd cievjrshtliehm salmms%

3% Zarhlelhe Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs- le cimmhoirhtlie wltn Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs- wlmm jenhecjhed)ir priducj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj currlcumuk khtjrlhms gir sjciedhry scniims heduelvjrsltljs%

>Tnj Sjctir Ivjrvljw ls ohsjd ie tnj Zarhlej Jduchtlie Vri`jct Vmhe Cidj0 343+JD+68 .?66


16/81

CNHVTJ_ ?0 V_I@JCT DJSLBE HED VZ_VISJ

Vhbj | 87

4% Zarhlelhes- le cimmhoirhtlie wltn Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs- wlmm thaj he hctlvj rimj lecikkuelty pri`jcts hlkjd ht tnj ojttjrkjet ig michm cikkueltljs%

Glburj 80 Ivjrvljw ig tnj Tnjiry ig Cnhebj gir tnj TJGM Vri`jct0 Zarhlej

Tnls glburj whs cikplmjd grik legirkhtlie le tnjTjhcnleb Jebmlsn hs h Girjlbe Mhebuhbj .TJGM, Vri`jct Vmhe%Vri`jct Cidj0 343+JD+68% Hprlm ?66


17/81


18/81

Vhbj | 8>

CNHVTJ_ 30 BIHM IEJ GLEDLEBS

Vjrgirkhecj uedjr tnj Vjhcj Cirps glrst bihm whs jxhklejd oy kjhsurleb0

8% Tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn NCEs iosjrvjd cikkuelty)scniim+mjvjm cnhebjs hed pjrsiehmcnhebjs- rjpirtjd bhleleb ejw tjcnelchm salmms- hed rjpirtjd nhvleb tnj chphclty girkhlethleleb tnj cnhebjs iecj tnj cikkuelty pri`jct jedjd%

?% NCEs shtlsghctlie wltn tnj wira ig tnj TJGM pri`jct- le phrtlcumhr shtlsghctlie wltn tnjjxtjet ti wnlcn tnjlr ejjds nhd ojje kjt%

Tnj cikkuelty)scniim+mjvjm cnhebjs iosjrvjd oy tnj pri`jct phrtejrs hrj prjsjetjd glrst-gimmiwjd oy tnj ledlvlduhm cnhebjs rjpirtjd oy rjspiedjets%

Dld Vjhcj Cirps Vri`jcts Njmp Vri`jct Vhrtejrs Kjjt Salmm hed Chphclty

Oulmdleb Ejjds9

Ciuetjrphrts- ojejglclhrljs- hed sthajnimdjrs wjrj hsajd hoiut pri`jct iutcikjs le twi whys0

8% Gir jhcn ig h mlst ig prjdjglejd pri`jct iutcikjs djrlvjd grik tnj pri`jct pmhe-rjspiedjets wjrj hsajd hoiut wnjtnjr tnjrj whs h cnhebj- wnjtnjr tnj cikkueltys hedscniims ejjds wjrj kjt- hedwnjrj hppmlchomjwnjtnjr tnj cnhebj whs khlethlejdhgtjr tnj Wimuetjjr djphrtjd%

?% _jspiedjets wjrj hmsi hsajd ti bjejrhtj h mlst ig cnhebjs le jltnjr tnj cikkuelty ir tnjscniim durleb tnj pjrlid ig tnj VCWs hsslbekjet% Gir jhcn cnhebj mlstjd- tnj rjspiedjet

whs tnje hsajd hoiut tnj slzj ig tnj cnhebj- tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn tnj VCW whs rjspieslomjgir tnj cnhebj- hedwnjrj hppmlchomjwnjtnjr tnj cnhebj whs stlmm jvldjet hgtjr tnjdjphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr%

Djbrjj ti Rnlcn tnj TJGM Vri`jct Vmhe Iutcikjs Rjrj Kjt0 Cikkuelty)Scniim Mjvjm

Tnriubn tnj pricjss ig djvjmipleb tnj pri`jct tnjiry ig cnhebj .Glburj 8, h mlst ig pri`jctiutcikjs whs crjhtjd% _jspiedjets wjrj hsajd hoiut tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn tnjy shw cnhebjs letnjlr cikkueltljs ir scniims rjmhtjd ti jhcn iutcikj%

Le tnls study- cnhebjs le tnj gimmiwleb cikkuelty)scniim+mjvjm iutcikjs wjrj kjhsurjd% Tnj

iutcikjs hrj mlstjd le irdjr- grik nlbnjst lkphct ti miwjst- hs rheajd oy tnj tjhcnjrs hedstudjets durleb tnj letjrvljws%

8% Lkprivjd Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms ig tjhcnjrs?% Cikkuelty kjkojrs rjhcnleb tnjlr prigjssliehm djvjmipkjet bihms3% Lkprivjd Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms ig studjets4% Tjhcnjrs usj ig crjhtlvj hed studjet+irljetjd tjhcnleb kjtnids:% Djkiestrhtlie ig ciegldjecj hed puomlc spjhaleb salmms hkieb studjets


19/81


Vhbj | 8% _urhm studjets htthleleb hdvhecjd chrjjr bihms

Iej gicus ig Wimuetjjrs wira wltn tjhcnjrs whs ti privldj tnjk wltn ojttjr Jebmlsn mhebuhbj

salmms oy utlmlzleb leeivhtlvj tjcnelqujs hed hppmyleb lkprivjd cievjrshtliehm salmms% Ht tnjshkj tlkj- Wimuetjjrs wirajd wltn tjhcnjrs ti tjhcn crjhtlvj hed studjet+cjetjrjdkjtnidimibljs% Tnj rjspiedjets wjrj hsajd ti hssjss ti wnht jxtjet tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmmsig tjhcnjrs lkprivjd% Tnj kh`irlty ig hmm rjspiedjet briups .


20/81


Vhbj | ?6

Glburj ?0 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht _htjd tnj Cnhebj hs Ht Mjhst

Sikjwnht Ojttjr0 Scniim Mjvjm .e;848,


21/81


Vhbj | ?8

Rnje hsajd wnjtnjr tnj cnhebjs rjhmlzjd tnriubn tnj pri`jct nhd ojje khlethlejd hgtjr tnjdjphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr- :4 pjrcjet ig rjspiedjets shld tnht cnhebjs le tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbjsalmms ig studjets nhd ojje khlethlejd .Glburj 3,%

Glburj 30 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj Scniim+Mjvjm

Cnhebjs _jkhlejd le Jggjct hgtjr tnj Djphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr .e;848,


22/81


Vhbj | ??

Sjvjety+slx pjrcjet ig rjspiedjets shld tnht tnj cnhebjs le tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmm mjvjms igstudjets kjt tnjlr scniims ejjds .Glburj 4,%

Glburj 40 Vjrcjethbj ig TJGM Vri`jct Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj Scniim+Mjvjm

Cnhebjs Mhrbjmy ir Cikpmjtjmy Kjt Tnjlr Ejjds .e;848,


23/81


Vhbj | ?3

Hmm giur ig tnj pri`jct sthajnimdjrs rjpirtjd tnht tnjrj wjrj lkprivjkjets le giur ig tnj jlbntpri`jct iutcikjs- lecmudleb crjhtlvj tjhcnleb kjtnids- studjets Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms-tjhcnjrs Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms- hed rurhm studjets htthleleb kirj hdvhecjd chrjjr bihms.Glburj :,% Tnrjj ig tnj giur sthajnimdjrs hmsi eitjd tnht cikkuelty pri`jct khehbjkjet salmmsnhd lkprivjd- hs nhd tnj holmlty ig tjhcnjrs hed studjets ti leltlhtj clvlc hctlvltljs%

Glburj :0 Eukojr ig TJGM Vri`jct Sthajnimdjrs tnht _htjd tnj Cnhebj hs Ht Mjhst Sikjwnht Ojttjr0 Scniim

Mjvjm .e;4,


24/81


Vhbj | ?4

Hmm giur sthajnimdjrs ledlchtjd tnht tnj pri`jct cikpmjtjd lts io`jctlvjs% Tnj studjets Jebmlsnmhebuhbj salmms lkprivjd- rurhm studjets htthlejd kirj hdvhecjd chrjjr bihms- hed tjhcnjrsJebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms lkprivjd .Glburj 7,% Lt ls eit surprlsleb tnht tnj studjets hed tjhcnjrsrjpirtjd tnjlr ejjds wjrj kjt .Glburj 7,- blvje tnht nj kh`ir gicus ig tnj Wimuetjjrs hctlvltljswhs ie scniim+ohsjd hctlvltljs% Ie tnj itnjr nhed- tnj sthajnimdjrs rjpirtjd tnht tnj iutcikjs

gicusjd ie tnj cikkuelty + cikkuelty gicusjd- cikkuelty pri`jct khehbjkjet hed tnjleltlhtlie ig clvlc hctlvltljs + wjrj eit kjt%

Glburj 70 Eukojr ig TJGM Vri`jct Sthajnimdjrs tnht Ledlchtjd tnht tnj Scniim+Mjvjm Cnhebjs Mhrbjmy ir

Cikpmjtjmy Kjt Tnjlr Ejjds .e;4,


25/81


Vhbj | ?:

Cikkuelty)Scniim+Mjvjm Iutcikjs

Ciuetjrphrts hed ojejglclhrljs wjrj hmsi hsajd lg tnjrj wjrj hddltliehm cnhebjs le tnjlr scniimstnht rjsumtjd grik tnj wira ig tnj VCW eit hmrjhdy kjetliejd le jhrmljr letjrvljw qujstlies.uehetlclphtjd ciesjqujecjs ig tnj pri`jct,%

Tnj cnhebjs tnj rjspiedjets djscrlojd lecmudjd0

8%Vhrtlclphtlie hed succjss le letjrehtliehm cikpjtltlies)brhets?%Leltlhtlie ig Jebmlsn cmuos)briups3%Lecrjhsjd kitlvhtlie ig studjets ti mjhre Jebmlsn4%Brjhtjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlche cumturj:%Lecrjhsjd ciipjrhtlie hkieb tjhcnjrs7%Lecrjhsjd rjsiurcjs sucn hs mlorhrljs hed rjsiurcj cjetjrs2%Sjciedhry pri`jcts sucn hs NLW)HLDS jduchtlie- spirts cmuos- sukkjr scniims-

ejlbnoirniid cmjhe+ups- hed tnjhtjr briups

Gledlebs ie Ledlvlduhm Cnhebjs

Le irdjr ti privldj tnj cietjxt gir tnj ledlvlduhm+mjvjm cnhebjs rjpirtjd- tnls sjctlie sthrts wltnhe ivjrvljw ig ciuetjrphrts prlir prigjssliehm jxpjrljecj% Lt cietleujs wltn rjspiedjetsgjjdohca hoiut hrjhs le wnlcn tnjy nhvj cnhebjd- legirkhtlie hoiut niw tnisj cnhebjsiccurrjd- hed tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn tnjy nhvj ojje homj ti khlethle tnisj cnhebjs hgtjr tnjdjphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr%

Vrlir prigjssliehm jduchtliehm jxpjrljecj

Tnj ciuetjrphrts wjrj h klx ig jduchtirs wltn h brjht djhm ig jxpjrljecj hed tnisj wni wjrjvjry ejw le tnjlr gljmd% Glgty+iej pjrcjet ig TJGM Vri`jct ciuetjrphrts rjpirtjd wiraleb le tnjjduchtlie gljmd gir 86 ir kirj yjhrs .Glburj 2,- wnjrjhs 82 pjrcjet nhd mjss tnhe twi yjhrs igjxpjrljecj%


26/81


Vhbj | ?7

Glburj 20 Eukojr ig \jhrs Jduchtlie Ciuetjrphrts Nhd Rirajd le tnj Gljmd0 Zarhlej .e;7:,

Djbrjj ti Rnlcn tnj TJGM Vri`jct Vmhe Iutcikjs Rjrj Kjt0 Ledlvlduhm Mjvjm

Tnriubn tnj pricjss ig djvjmipleb tnj pri`jct tnjiry ig cnhebj .Glburj 8, h mlst ig ledlvlduhm+mjvjm pri`jct iutcikjs whs crjhtjd% _jspiedjets wjrj hsajd hoiut tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn tnjy shwcnhebjs le tnjksjmvjs rjmhtjd ti jhcn iutcikj% Tnj ledlvlduhm+mjvjm iutcikjs kjhsurjd le tnlsstudy hrj mlstjd ojmiw- grik nlbnjst ti miwjst- hs rjpirtjd oy tnj rjspiedjets0

8% Cikkuelty kjkojrs rjhcnleb prigjssliehm djvjmipkjet bihms?% Studjets lkprivleb Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms3% Tjhcnjrs usleb crjhtlvj hed studjet+irljetjd tjhcnleb kjtnids4% Tjhcnjrs lkprivleb Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms:% Studjets djkiestrhtleb ciegldjecj hed priomjk+simvleb salmms7% Cikkuelty kjkojrs lkprivleb tnjlr pri`jct khehbjkjet salmms .j%b%- leltlhtlie hed

cikpmjtlie ig pri`jcts,

2% _urhm studjets htthleleb hdvhecjd chrjjr bihms>% Studjets hed tjhcnjrs leltlhtleb clvlc hctlvltljs


27/81


Vhbj | ?2

Giur ig tnj pri`jct iutcikjs wjrj rhtjd oy ivjr


28/81


Vhbj | ?>

Rnje hsajd wnjtnjr tnj pjrsiehm cnhebjs wjrj khlethlejd hgtjr tnj djphrturj ig tnj Wimuetjjr-:6 pjrcjet ig rjspiedjets shld tnht tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms ig studjets wjrj khlethlejd- 47pjrcjet rjpirtjd tnj Jebmlsn mhebuhbj salmms ig tnj tjhcnjrs wjrj khlethlejd- hed 47 pjrcjetledlchtjd tnht tnj tjhcnjrs cietleujd ti usj studjet+irljetjd tjhcnleb kjtnids .Glburj


29/81


Vhbj | ?

CNHVTJ_ 40 BIHM TRI GLEDLEBS

Tnls sjctlie hddrjssjs niw hed ti wnht jxtjet Wimuetjjrs prikitjd h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb igHkjrlches hkieb NCEs wltn wnik tnjy wirajd hed mlvjd% Tnj sjctlie ojbles wltn hdjscrlptlie ig wnht Zarhlelhes tniubnt hoiut Hkjrlches prlir ti letjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjrhed niw tnjy hcqulrjd tnht legirkhtlie% Tnj sjctlie cietleujs wltn h djscrlptlie ig niw kucnhed le wnht whys Zarhlelhes letjrhctjd wltn Wimuetjjrs hed ciecmudjs wltn tnjlr iplelies igHkjrlches hgtjr letjrhctleb wltn Wimuetjjrs%

Le Zarhlej- Wimuetjjrs mlvj wltn h Zarhlelhe nist ghklmy durleb tnjlr leltlhm prj+sjrvlcj trhleleb%Gimmiwleb succjssgum cikpmjtlie ig tnht tnrjj+kietn trhleleb pribrhk- Wimuetjjrs kivj ti tnjlrhsslbejd cikkuelty hed durleb tnjlr glrst kietn Wimuetjjrs hbhle mlvj wltn h Zarhlelhe nistghklmy% Tnls hrrhebjkjet ghclmlthtjs cietleujd mhebuhbj mjhreleb hed cikkuelty letjbrhtlie%Hgtjr tnj leltlhm kietn le tnjlr hsslbejd tiwe ir cikkuelty- Wimuetjjrs hed tnjlr nist ghklmljskhy jmjct ti cietleuj tnj nist ghklmy mlvleb hrrhebjkjet ir Wimuetjjrs khy djcldj ti kivj ti hehphrtkjet- niusj- ir dirkltiry% Rltnle tnj briup ig nist ghklmy kjkojrs letjrvljwjd- iemy slxpjrcjet wjrj pjipmj wni rjetjd tnjlr niusjs ti Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs%

Niw Dld Zarhlelhes Bjt Legirkhtlie hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb

wltn h Wimuetjjr9

Tnj rjspiedjets wjrj hsajd ti djscrloj tnj whys tnjy nhd mjhrejd hoiut Hkjrlches- prlir tiletjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjr% Ciuetjrphrts hed ojejglclhrljsrjgjrrjd ti tjmjvlslie sniws hed)irkivljs .>* rjspjctlvjmy, hs tnjlr khle siurcjs ig legirkhtlie hoiut Hkjrlche pjipmj%Ht tnj shkj tlkj- ciuetjrphrts usjdejwsphpjrs hed khbhzlejs ti mjhre hoiut tnj ciuetry.Glburj ?3,% Hmm tnrjj briups ig rjspiedjetsmlstjdscniim- cmhssjs- ir tjxtoiias hs he lkpirthet

siurcj ig legirkhtlie% Tnj mjhst usjd siurcj ig legirkhtlie oy hmm tnrjj briups whspjrsiehmletjrhctlie wltn Hkjrlche pjipmj le tnj ZS- kjheleb tnht gjw nhd trhvjmjd ti tnj Zeltjd Sthtjsir letjrhctjd wltn Hkjrlche vlsltirs ti Zarhlej%


49/81


Vhbj | 48*, hed tnjLetjrejt.2:*,% Surprlslebmy- tjmjvlslie sniws hed)irkivljs wjrj eit mlstjd hs h siurcj ig legirkhtlie oy nist ghklmy kjkojrs .Glburj ?4,%

Glburj ?40 Nist Ghklmy Siurcjs ig Legirkhtlie hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjr0Zarhlej .e;87,


51/81


Vhbj | :8

Rnht Rjrj _jspiedjets Iplelies hoiut Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb

wltn tnj Wimuetjjr9

Ojgirj letjrhctleb wltn Wimuetjjrs- kist ciuetjrphrts hed ojejglclhrljs rjpirtjd ht mjhst hkidjrhtj uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches .Glburj ?:,% Tnj kh`irlty ig nist ghklmljs kjkojrs .83 ig87,- twi+tnlrds ig ciuetjrphrts .77*,- hed ivjr nhmg ig tnj ojejglclhrljs .:8*, rjpirtjd hkidjrhtj uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches%

Khey kirj ojejglclhrljs rjpirtjd nhvleb mlkltjdaeiwmjdbj hoiut Hkjrlches .?7*, tnhe dldciuetjrphrts .


52/81


Vhbj | :?

L whs ejvjr letjrjstjd le tnht% Out gir sikj rjhsie L tniubnt tnht tnjy wjrj hmwhyssklmleb hed nhppy%

84

Glburj ?:0 Mjvjm ig Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches Ojgirj Letjrhctlie Hkieb Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs0

Zarhlej .e;848,

84Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p%2:+27%


53/81


Vhbj | :3

Glburj ?70 Mjvjm ig Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches Ojgirj Letjrhctleb Rltn Nist Ghklmy Kjkojrs0 Zarhlej

.e;87,

Tnj kh`irlty ig tnj rjspiedjets grik hmm tnrjj briups .jxcjpt sthajnimdjrs, rjpirtjd jltnjr hpisltlvj ir h ejutrhm iplelie ig Hkjrlches ojgirj wiraleb ir letjrhctleb wltn hey Vjhcj CirpsWimuetjjrs .Glburjs ?2 hed ?>,% Spjclglchmmy- 2? pjrcjet ig ciuetjrphrts- 2: pjrcjet igojejglclhrljs- hed 73 pjrcjet ig nist ghklmy kjkojrs nhd h sikjwnht pisltlvjir vjry pisltlvjiplelie% Iej quhrtjr ig ciuetjrphrts- iej glgtn ig ojejglclhrljs- hed kirj tnhe iej+tnlrd igghklmy kjkojrs nhd h ejutrhmiplelie%

Iemy h gjw ciuetjrphrts .8%:*, hed ojejglclhrljs .4*, hed eiej ig tnj nist ghklmy kjkojrs

njmd h sikjwnht ejbhtlvj iplelie%

Tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjr hddjd djthlms grik tnj cikkjets iggjrjd oy tnj jhcn briup% Tnjciuetjrphrts djscrlojd Hkjrlches hs ipje- aled- cnjjrgum- grljedmy- cikkuelchtlvj- slkpmj-nhrd+wiraleb- priud- miud- hwhrj ig tnjlr rlbnts- rjhdy ti njmp- hed timjrhet% Tnjlr kistletjrjstleb iplelies hrj prjsjetjd ojmiw0


54/81


Vhbj | :4

Hkjrlches hrj kirj pimltj- lt ls jhsljr ti sthrt h cievjrshtlie wltn tnjk% Tnjy hrj ipjegir cikkuelchtlie hed strhlbntgirwhrd% Tnjy di eit nhvj djjp aeiwmjdbj% Zetldy%

Tnjy hrj ouslejss+irljetjd pjipmj- wni nhvj tnjlr iwe pjcumlhrltljs hed priomjks% Tnjyhrj vjry wlsj wnje lt cikjs ti spjedleb kiejy%

L whs uedjr tnj lkprjsslie tnht tnjy wjrj rlcn- hmwhys sklmjd hed dld eit nhvj heypriomjks% Hed- tnht lt whs tnjlr ciuetry tnht djcldjd gir tnjk hed hmm tnjy nhd ti di whs

slkpmy ti mlvj wjmm%

L tniubnt tnjy wjrj letjrjstleb pjipmj1 sikjwnht nhubnty hed priud+njhrtjd- vjryciegldjet hed truj phtrlits ig tnjlr ciuetry%

Le bjejrhm L nhd h vjry biid iplelie hoiut tnj Hkjrlches% Iur khss kjdlh tjmm us tnhttnj Hkjrlches nhvj tnj mhtjst tjcneimibljs oj lt le scljecj- kjdlclej% Tnj mhws hrj mhws

gir jvjryiej tnjrj%

Ei cikpmjxjs% Tnjy aeiw niw ti je`iy mlgj% Tnjy nhvj dlggjrjet vhmujs- eit mlaj iurs%Tnjy di eit chrj hoiut tnjlr hppjhrhecj- eit mlaj tnj Zarhlelhes% Tnjy chrj kirj hoiut

jvjrydhy cikgirt% Tnjy aeiw niw ti rjst%

Ei seioolejss% Tnjy hrj slkpmj- prhctlchm hed vjry ousy+mlaj pjipmj% Tnjy hrj strlvleb tihcnljvj he ldjhm% Smlbntmy cihrsj%

Vjipmj wltn cmjhrmy+djglejd bihms% Igtje hcnljvj lt tnriubn nhrd wira% Vrhctlchm pjipmj%Vjipmj wni che irbhelzj mjlsurj tlkj hctlvltljs%

Tnjy hrj `ust mlaj us% Tnjy nhvj bihms- tnjy wira nhrd% Out tnj dlggjrjecj ls tnht tnjy nhvjkirj ippirtueltljs ti study hed tnjy aeiw niw ti pritjct tnjlr rlbnts% Tnjy hrj eit si

ciecjrejd hoiut tnj khtjrlhm vhmujs hed wnht itnjr pjipmj klbnt shy%

Tnjy hrj irdlehry pjipmj wltn h biid sjesj ig iptlklsk hed mjhdjrsnlp salmms% Tnjy aeiwniw ti jhre kiejy% Tnjy aeiw niw ti khaj ciethcts wltn pjipmj%

Tnjy hrj vjry letjmmlbjet- prjphrjd hed jhbjr ti snhrj aeiwmjdbj hed vldji khtjrlhmshed kjtnidimiblchm khtjrlhms% Tnjy hrj prigjssliehm%

Niwjvjr- sikj ciuetjrphrts dld eit nhvj vjry pisltlvj iplelie ig Hkjrlches ojgirj tnjywirajd wltn tnjk% Tnjy cnhrhctjrlzjd Hkjrlches hs- eit vjry cmjvjr- lrrjspieslomj- dlsirdjrmy-tnlea iej tnleb hed di heitnjr- dlsthecjd- wltniut sjesj ig nukir- eit gmjxlomj- brjjdy pjipmj-

nhvleb h tlkj+ls+kiejy httltudj- mhzy- hbbrjsslvj- tiubn% Sikj rjspiedjets vljwjdHkjrlches hs hrribhet pjipmj hed pjipmj wni mivjd tnjlr kitnjrmhed tnht wiumd try ti lkpisjtnjlr vljws hed custiks ie us%

8:

Tnj iplelies ig ojejglclhrljshoiut Hkjrlches ojgirj tnjy wiraQjd[ wltn tnjk wjrj pisltlvjhed pjipmj grik tnj ZS wjrj sjje hs- Vjipmj mlaj us1 ciegldjet1 bihm+irljetjd1 rhtliehm1

sklmleb1 nhvleb pisltlvj jkitlies1 grhea1 aled1 nhrd+wiraleb1 slecjrj1 rjhdy ti njmp1 kitlvhtjd1ipje1 cikkuelchtlvj1 sjmg+ciegldjet1 grjj1 rjspieslomj1 eit chrleb hoiut cmitnjs1 siclhomj1

hpprihcnhomj1 aeiw wnht tnjy whet1 ehvj1 hed cnjjrgum%

8:Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p%2


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Vhbj | ::

Glburj ?20 Iplelie ig Hkjrlches Ojgirj Letjrhctleb wltn Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs0 Zarhlej .e;848,


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Vhbj | :7

Glburj ?>0 Iplelie ig Hkjrlches Ojgirj Letjrhctleb wltn Nist Ghklmy Kjkojrs0 Zarhlej .e;87,


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Vhbj | :2

Le tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjrs rjpirt- rjspiedjets- wnje djscrloleb tnjlr iplelies ig Hkjrlchesojgirj letjrhctleb wltn h Wimuetjjr- igtje shld tnht Hkjrlches wjrj irdlehry pjipmj `ust mlajhey itnjrs out wltn tnjlr iwe trhdltlies hed custiks% Tnjy eitjd tnht rjspiedjets hmsi djscrlojd

Hkjrlches hs ipje- aled- cnjjrgum- grljedmy- cikkuelchtlvj- slkpmj- nhrd+wiraleb- sklmleb- hedpriud%

Nist ghklmy kjkojrs iplelies Qojgirj nistleb h Wimuetjjr[ wjrj dlvldjd leti twi briups% Iejbriup ig nist ghklmljs spiaj hoiut tnjlr iplelies ie tnj pjrsiehm ojnhvlir ig Hkjrlches- wnlmjtnj itnjr briup ig nists ghklmy kjkojrs iplelies rjmhtjd ti tnj wjhmtn hed kiejy igHkjrlches% Ivjrhmm- tnj kh`irlty ig tnj nist ghklmljs jxprjssjd pisltlvj iplelies ig tnjWimuetjjrs% Hs iej nist ghklmy kitnjr shld- Rj dld ejhrmy hmm niusjnimd cnirjs tibjtnjr% Nj

NCEs Iplelies ig Hkjrlches Vrlir ti Letjrhctleb wltn Wimuetjjrs0

Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs

QL tniubnt ig Hkjrlches hs[pjipmj wni ldjetlgy tnjlr bihm Qhed[ hcnljvj lt-djspltj tnj pisslomj iosthcmjs- rjsjrvjd pjipmj- eit hmwhys slecjrj .rjhm

gjjmlebs khy oj nlddje ojnled tnjlr sklmj,% Tnjy nhvj h vjry ehrriw

prigjssliehm spjclhmlzhtlie%

QL tniubnt tnht Hkjrlches wjrj[ vjry ciegldjet pjipmj wni nhvj h sikjwnhthrribhet httltudj tiwhrds itnjr pjipmj%

QL tniubnt tnht Hkjrlches wjrj[ ipje- cikkuelchtlvj- sjmg+ciegldjet- thrbjt+irljetjd- h mlttmj olt ipleliehtjd- igtje sklmleb .out eit hmwhys grhea,

Tnjy hrj cnjjrgum- iptlklstlc- bjejrius- hed aled%

Ky lkprjsslie whs tnht tnjy wjrj slecjrj- rjhdy ti njmp- nhrd+wiraleb- vjry

prigjssliehm le wnht tnjy di- aled+njhrtjd- hed kitlvhtjd%

Nist Ghklmy Kjkojrs

Vjipmj wni che jhre kiejy- tnjy mlvj vjry prhbkhtlc mlvjs- wjhr chsuhm hed

slkpmj)cikgirthomj cmitnjs- hed nhvj sikjwnht supjrlir httltudj tiwhrds

itnjr pjipmj%

QL tniubnt tnht Hkjrlches wjrj[pjipmj wni jhre biid kiejy% Jduchtlie hedkjdlclej hrj wjmm djvjmipjd le tnj Zeltjd Sthtjs% Tnjy hrj vjry prhbkhtlcwnje lt cikjs ti kiejy%

Le ky kled h typlchm Hkjrlche wiumd oj rlcn- nhppy- vjry skhrt- wiumd hmwhys

nhvj h sklmj- hed iej kirj tnleb- nj)snj wiumd aeiw nls)njr rlbnts wjmm%


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Vhbj | :>

whs h gumm kjkojr ig iur ghklmy% Gurtnjrkirj- nj Qtnj Wimuetjjr[ whs vjry wlmmleb ti mjhre

Zarhlelhe hed L thmajdti nlk vjry kucn wnje wj wjrj dileb sikjtnleb tibjtnjr% Rj jebhbjd

le diuomj trhesmhtlie%87

Ti Rnht Jxtjet Dld _jspiedjets Nhvj Jxpjrljecj wltn tnj Vjhcj Cirps hed

Wimuetjjrs9

Ciuetjrphrts rjpirtjd nhvleb aeiwe he hvjrhbj ig twi Wimuetjjrs ivjr h pjrlid ig tnrjj yjhrs%Ojejglclhrljs rjpirtjd nhvleb aeiwe he hvjrhbj ig tnrjj Wimuetjjrs ivjr h pjrlid ig 3? kietns%Nist ghklmy kjkojrs rjpirtjd nistleb he hvjrhbj ig iej Wimuetjjr hed nhvleb nistjd tnj kistrjcjet Wimuetjjr gir hpprixlkhtjmy glvj kietns%

Niw Kucn hed Rnht Aleds ig Ciethct Dld NCEs Nhvj wltn Wimuetjjrs9

Bihm ? ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps ls ohsjd ie tnj ojmljg tnht tnriubn grjqujet hed vhrljd letjrhctlie wltn

Wimuetjjrs- NCEs wlmm djvjmip h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches% Tnls sjctlie djscrlojs tnjehturj hed tnj eukojr ig letjrhctlies tnht NCEs nhd wltn Wimuetjjrs%

Ciuetjrphrts nhd jxpjrljecj wiraleb hed siclhmlzleb wltn ei kirj tnhe 86 vimuetjjrs- out tnjkhìrlty rjpirtjd tnjy nhd prjvliusmy cikkuelchtjd wltn iej- twi- ir tnrjj Vjhcj CirpsWimuetjjrs% Tnj khìrlty ig ojejglclhrljs nhd aeiwe hed letjrhctjd wltn Wimuetjjrs gir ? ir 3yjhrs%

Jlbnty+sjvje pjrcjet ig nist ghklmljs nhd nistjd iemy iej vimuetjjr1 83 pjrcjet nhd nistjd twiWimuetjjrs% Tnj mjebtn ig tnj nikj+sthy rhebjd grik twi ti 8: kietns- wnlmj tnj khìrlty ig tnjghklmljs .77*, nistjd vimuetjjrs gir twi ti tnrjj kietns%

Rnje nist ghklmljs wjrj hsajd wny tnjy nhd ojje letjrjstjd le nistleb h Vjhcj CirpsWimuetjjr- kist ig tnjk ledlchtjd tnjy wjrj letjrjstjd le lkprivleb tnjlr Jebmlsn ir bjttlebmhebuhbj prhctlcj gir tnjlr cnlmdrje% Hs eitjd le tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjrs rjpirt- SikjZarhlelhes wjrj letjrjstjdti try niw lt wiumd oj irti bjt ti aeiw hed cikkuelchtj wltn hpjrsie grik h dlggjrjet cumturj hed mjhre kirj hoiut Hkjrlch ir le siclhmlzleb wltn tnjHkjrlche%

Sjvjrhm ghklmy kjkojrs wjrj hsajd oy jduchtliehm lestltutlies ti privldj sphcj ti mlvj gir hvimuetjjr tnht cilecldjd wltn Qtnj[ ghklmys chpholmlty hed letjrjst% Gir jxhkpmj- L mivj ticikkuelchtj wltn ejw pjipmj- letjrjstleb pjipmj grik tnj ZSH% Ky sie mlvjs le tnj ZS hed L

whetjd ti sjj wnjtnjr L wiumd oj homj ti nist he Hkjrlche cltlzje% Lt whs hmsi h rjqujst grik tnj

scniim hutnirltljs% Hmsi- ky dhubntjr mlvjd le tnj ZS hed L rjcjlvjd Qh[ vjry nisplthomjwjmcikj% Si wnje L mjhrejd hoiut tnj vimuetjjrs vlslt- L djcldjd ti shy tnhea+yiu le tnls why%

Sjcied- lt whs mhebuhbj prhctlcj gir ky dhubntjr%82

87Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p%>882Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p%3>


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Vhbj | :6pjrcjet ig tnj ojejglclhrljs hed ciuetjrphrts shw tnj Wimuetjjr ht mjhst wjjamy% Rnje tnjciethcts wjrj siclhm .djglejd hs iutsldj ig wira,- wjmm ivjr 26 pjrcjet rjpirtjd ciethct ht mjhstwjjamy .Glburj 38,%

Glburj 380 Grjqujecy ig Wimuetjjrs Letjrhctlie wltn Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs0 Zarhlej .e;848,

Cnhebjs le NCEs Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches Hgtjr Aeiwleb h Wimuetjjr

Tnls sjctlie privldjs legirkhtlie hoiut cnhebjs le NCEs iplelies ig Hkjrlches hs wjmm hssikj djthlm hoiut tnj typjs ig tnlebs tnjy mjhrejd hoiut Hkjrlches grik letjrhctleb wltnWimuetjjrs%


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Vhbj | 7?

Rjrj _jspiedjets Iplelies ig Hkjrlches Ojttjr ir Rirsj Hgtjr Letjrhctleb wltn

Wimuetjjrs9

Hgtjr letjrhctleb wltn Wimuetjjrs- hmm ig tnj rjspiedjetsciuetjrphrts- ojejglclhrljs- hed nistghklmy kjkojrsbhlejd h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches .Glburjs 3? hed 33,% Girty+elejpjrcjet ig tnj ciuetjrphrts- 3> pjrcjet ig tnj ojejglclhrljs- hed 3> pjrcjet ig tnj nist ghklmykjkojrs bhlejd h kirj tniriubn uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches% Sjvjetjje pjrcjet ig tnjciuetjrphrts- 3> pjrcjet ig ojejglclhrljs hed 73 pjrcjet ig tnj nist ghklmy kjkojrs nhd hkidjrhtj uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches gimmiwleb tnj Wimuetjjrs sthy%

Tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjr rjpirtjd tnht hmm rjspiedjets grik hmm tnrjj briups wni nhd mlkltjduedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches ojgirj wiraleb ir letjrhctleb wltn QWimuetjjrs[ nhd cnhebjd tnjlriplelie hoiut pjipmj grik tnj ZSH%

H djthlmjd hehmysls ig jhcn briup rjvjhms tnj rjhsies ojnled tnjsj cnhebjs% Ciuetjrphrtscnhebjs le httltudj hrj ti oj Qhttrloutjd[ ti Hkjrlches ojnhvlir hed he httltudj ig h rjhdlejss tinjmp hs wjmm hs h wlmmlebejss ti snhrj jxpjrljecj hed aeiwmjdbj%

Tnj ciuetjrphrts kjetliejd tnj gimmiwleb cnhebjs .sikj ig wnlcn hrj cietrhdlctiry ti iejheitnjr,%

Lt Qky iplelie[ turejd grik ejutrhm ti pisltlvj% Lt ls dlgglcumt ti shy wnht le phrtlcumhrslecj nls lkhbj hed ojnhvlir wjrj si ledlvlslomj tnht L cheeit tnlea ig sikjtnleb

sjphrhtj%

Snj ls wjmm+kjheleb hed sklmleb- hed jvjrytnleb bijs grik njr sium hed njhrt Snj lsstrhlbntgirwhrd hed thmjetjd sikjtnleb ti mjhre grik njr%

Sikjtlkjs tnj pjrcjptlie dijs eit cilecldj wltn tnj rjhmlty% Out le iur chsjs tnjy dld%Tnj vimuetjjrs wjrj vjry jhsy ti cikkuelchtj wltn% L mlajd tnjlr iutmiia ie mlgj% Tnjy

mlaj ti khaj kiejy%

Systjk ig vhmujs hed vljws tnht cnhebj iplelie ig Hkjrlches% Tnj holmlty ig tnj vimuetjjr ti sjphrhtj nls wira hed prlvhtj mlgj % 8>

Ojejglclhrljseitlcjd tnj Wimuetjjrs njhmtny mlgjstymjs- pimltjejss- cikpjtjecj- hedprigjssliehmlsk% Lt whs h cikolehtlie ig dlggjrjet cnhrhctjrlstlcs tnht mjd ti tnj cnhebj lehttltudjs tiwhrd Hkjrlches%

Ht tnj shkj tlkj- Zarhlelhe ojejglclhrljs hmsi khdj sikj letjrjstleb iosjrvhtlies%

Hosimutjmy jvjrytnleb- sthrtleb grik rldleb h olcycmj ti kjtnids ig tjhcnleb Jebmlsn- +njdld jvjrytnleb dlggjrjetmy hed lt whs si letjrjstleb% Gir lesthecj- rldleb h olcycmj gir kj

ls h ejcjsslty hed gir Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjr lt whs brjht gue1 nj nhd h crjhtlvj

hpprihcn%

8>Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p% >2


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Vhbj | 73

Cikkuelchtlvjejss- wlmmlebejss ti mlstje hed njmp% Ipjeejss gir cikkuelchtlie out hcmjhr oiuedhry ciecjreleb pjrsiehm tnlebs%

Jvjrytnleb tnht nj prjsjetjd whs phcajd le h phcahbj phpjr% Wjry ipje hed slecjrj% L di eit aeiw wnht lt ls% Out L nhvj dlggjrjet httltudj eiw ti jvjrytnleb0 ghklmy- kysjmg-

puplms- hed grljeds% Ky bjejrhm iutmiia ie mlgj nhs cnhebjd% L rjhmlzjd lt whs lkpirthet ti study Jebmlsn le irdjr ti cikkuelchtj wltn dlggjrjet

letjrjstleb pjipmj% Ky drjhk ls ti bi ti tnj Zeltjd Sthtjs hed ti sjj niw pjipmj mlvj

tnjrj%

Ledjjd ky uedjrsthedleb whs cnhebjd% Hkjrlches hrj vjry pimltj hed timjrhet pjipmj%Tnjy dlggjr grik tnj Hkjrlches wltn nhkourbjrs L nhd plcturjd le ky njhd ojgirj%QNj[

rjspjctjd iur ciuetry% L whs tiucnjd oy nls phtrlitlsk hed mivj ti nls kitnjrmhed%

Lt whs njr holmlty ti bjt hd`ustjd hed ti ajjp njr gjjmlebs uedjr cietrim% Ky iplelie ig Hkjrlches lkprivjd% Tnjy hrj ipje ti itnjr pjipmj% Tnjy hrj irljetjd ti

splrltuhm vhmuj% L mjhret kirj hoiut tnj ZS%

Ky pjrcjptlie whs cnhebjd hgtjr ky iej+ie+iej cikkuelchtlie wltn tnj vimuetjjr% Luedjrstiid tnht tnjy wjrj aled pjipmj- eit hbbrjsslvj% Lt whs pisslomj ti gled h cikkie

mhebuhbj wltn tnjk%

Vjrnhps lt whs njr iwe jxhkpmj- niejsty hed slecjrlty wnje cikkuelchtleb wltn pjipmjhed nhrd wiraleb httltudj% Tnj Hkjrlches che shy ei hed yiu di eit gjjm iggjedjd oy h

rj`jctlie% Tnht whs vjry lkpirthet ti kj%

Snj whs kirj hpprihcnhomj tnhe wj nhd lkhblejd% Rnje njr rjmhtlvjs chkj ti vlslt njrsnj levltjd njr brhedkh ti scniim% Snj whs vjry aled- slkpmj wikhe% Lt whs letjrjstleb

ti siclhmlzj wltn njr%

Tnj ippirtuelty ti sjj h truj jxhkpmj- le itnjr wirds ti cikkuelchtj wltn h pjrsie ig hdlggjrjet cumturj% L uedjrstiid tnht tnj Hkjrlches wjrj eit mlaj Zarhlelhes% Tnjy hrj

kirj hctlvj hed jetnuslhstlc% Tnj why tnjy trjhtjd puplms mlaj sikjiej jquhm% Tnjlr mlgjstymj ipje- wlmmleb ti snhrj h mit _jspjct gir tnj Zarhlelhe trhdltlies%

Hs gir nist ghklmljs kjkojrstnjy hpprjclhtjd djjpjr hed kirj djthlmjd legirkhtlie rjcjlvjdglrst nhed% Hmsi tnjy rjhmlzjd tnht tnj Hkjrlches di eit nhvj kucn tlkj ti cikkuelchtj letnjlr dhy+ti+dhy mlgj% Out kist lkpirthet whs ti rjcjlvj spjclglc hed djthlmjd legirkhtlie grikh ehtlvj spjhajr%

8


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Vhbj | 74

Glburj 3?0 Cnhebj le Mjvjm ig Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hgtjr Ciethct wltn Wimuetjjrs Hkieb

Ciuetjrphrts hed Ojejglclhrljs0 Zarhlej .e;848,


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Vhbj | 7:

Glburj 330 Cnhebj le Mjvjm ig Zedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hgtjr Ciethct wltn Wimuetjjrs Hkieb Nist

Ghklmy Kjkojrs0 Zarhlej .e;87,

Hs jxpmhlejd oy tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjr- tnj cnhebjs le httltudj hed iplelies khy oj httrloutjd tiHkjrlches- Qphrtlcumhrmy le tjrks ig[- tnjlr ojnhvlir1 rjhdlejss ti njmp1 httltudjs tiwhrds mlgj hedpriomjk+simvleb simutlies1 nhrd wira1 cikkuelchtlie1 ciipjrhtlie1 rjspieslolmlty1 miyhmty1timjrhet ojnhvlir1 ipjeejss1 wlmmlebejss ti snhrj jxpjrljecj hed aeiwmjdbj1 aledejss1 slecjrlty1grheaejss1 letjrjst le njmpleb1 niejsty1 siclholmlty1 njhmtny mlgjstymjs1 pimltjejss1 cikpjtjecj1prigjssliehmlsk1 hed gurtnjr gjhturjs igHkjrlches tnht khdj Qrjspiedjets[ cnhebj tnjlrhttltudjs tiwhrds pjipmj grik tnj Z%S%?6

Tnj rjsjhrcnjr eitjd- niwjvjr- tnht- Hmtniubn Wimuetjjrs pripisjd h vhrljty ig legirkhtliehed trhleleb ie tnj dlvjrslty ig tnj ZS le tjrks ig rhclhm)jtnelc)rjmlblius briups- tnj kh`irlty igrjspiedjets dld eit ir nhvj eit thaje gumm hdvhethbj ig Qtnht[ mjhreleb ippirtuelty% Tnlscikkjet khy oj mleajd ti h mhca ig letjrjst le tnls suo`jct- hs wjmm hs h eitjd prjgjrjecj gir

?6Glehm _jpirt0 Vjhcj Cirps Zarhlej Lkphct Study _jsumts% CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr% Sjptjkojr ?686% p%87%


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Vhbj | 77

rjspiedjets ti spjha nlbnmy ig tnj prigjssliehm salmms tnjy mjhrejd- wnlmj jxprjssleb sikjwnhtmjss letjrjst le tnj pjrsiehm cnhebjs tnht tnjy jxpjrljecjd%

Hgtjr letjrhctleb wltn Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs- kist ojejglclhrljs hed nist ghklmy kjkojrs rhtjdtnjlr iplelies hs kirj pisltlvj .Glburjs 34?8

hed 3:,% Riraleb wltn VCWs- eitjd tnj

rjsjhrcnjrs- rjsumtjd le cnhebjs le iplelies hoiut Hkjrlches% Tnjy hddjd tnht tnj rjspiedjetsgiued pjipmj grik tnj ZSH hrj0 mhw+holdleb- dlsclpmlejd- rjspieslomj- ipje- pisltlvj- elcj-grljedmy- timjrhet- irdlehry pjipmj wltn irdlehry ejjds- vjry rjspieslomj hed nhrd+wiraleb% Tnjydi eit nhvj hs jhsy h mlgj hs khey ig us tnlea tnjy nhvj1 slkpmj hed uedjkhedleb le tnjlr mlvlebciedltlies1 mivj tnjlr ciuetry1 hed mlaj ti spjed tnjlr tlkj ie sikjtnleb usjgum%

Glburj 340 Cnhebj le Iplelies ig Hkjrlches Hgtjr Ciethct wltn Wimuetjjrs Hkieb Ojejglclhrljs0 Zarhlej

.e;27,

?8 Duj ti he jrrir le tnj djvjmipkjet ig tnj letjrvljw qujstlies- tnls qujstlie whs eit hsajd ig ciuetjrphrts


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Vhbj | 72

Glburj 3:0 Cnhebj le Iplelies ig Hkjrlches Hgtjr Ciethct wltn Wimuetjjrs Hkieb Nist Ghklmy Kjkojrs0

Zarhlej .e;87,


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Vhbj | 7>

Tnrjj ig tnj giur sthajnimdjrs ledlchtjd tnht tnjlr iplelies nhd eit cnhebjd .Glburj 37,%

Glburj 370 Cnhebj le Iplelies ig Hkjrlches Hgtjr Ciethct wltn Wimuetjjrs Hkieb Sthajnimdjrs0 Zarhlej

.e;4,


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Vhbj | 76 pjrcjet sthtjd tnht tnj pri`jct nhdojje sikjwnht ti vjry jggjctlvj le lecrjhsleb tnj chphclty ig cikkuelty kjkojrs ti thaj hctlie

le tnjlr cikkuelty% Ejvjrtnjmjss- mjss tnhe nhmg ig tnj rjspiedjets eitjd tnht tnj irbhelzhtlie+mjvjm cnhebjs le clvlc hctlvltljs kjt tnjlr ejjds hed salmms%

Tnj rjsjhrcnjrs ciecmudjd tnht tnj study sniws tnj jggjcts ig tnj Wimuetjjrs hrj gjmt oyrjspiedjets gir h mieb tlkj hgtjr Wimuetjjrs mjhvj tnjlr cikkueltljs% _jspiedjets ciumd eitrjkjkojr khey djthlms ig tnj Wimuetjjrs wira- out tnjy stlmm rjkjkojr hed usj Jebmlsn-hpprihcnjs ti priomjk simutlie Qdjkiestrhtjd oy tnj Wimuetjjr[- ojnhvlir)kheejrs- hctlvlsk-hed Qtnj[ mlgjstymj thubnt oy Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs% Tnj kh`irlty ig pisltlvj iutcikjs ig tnjWimuetjjrs wira le lestltutlies hed cikkueltljs wjrj igtje khlethlejd oy tnj rjspiedjets hgtjrtnj Wimuetjjrs djphrturj%

Hmm rjspiedjets hrj letjrjstjd le nhvleb heitnjr Vjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjr wira le tnjlrlestltutlies hbhle- h slbelglchet Qcikpmlkjet[ ti Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej hed h rjhm Qvhmldhtlie[ igWimuetjjrs wira%

Tnj ivjrhmm rhtj ig shtlsghctlie hed tnj ivjrhmm cnhebj oriubnt ie hs h rjsumt tnj wira ig tnjVjhcj Cirps Wimuetjjrs whs vjry nlbn hkieb tnj kh`irlty ig tnisj letjrvljwjd% Niwjvjr- h gjwrjspiedjets wjrj dlsshtlsgljdwltn tnj hosjecj ig sucn cnhebjs% Tnj mlkltjd eukojr ig cmhssjs h


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CIECMZSLIES

Vhbj | 24

Wimuetjjr whs hmmiwjd ti tjhcn pjr wjja hed tnj mhca ig leltlhtlvj ie tnj phrt ig sikjWimuetjjrs wjrj ledlchtjd hs drhwohcas%

Gir oitn tnj Ciuetjrphrt hed Ojejglclhry briups ig rjspiedjets tnj jetnuslhsk ig tnj Wimuetjjrhed tnjprigjssliehm hpprihcn ig tnj Wimuetjjrwjrj vjry lkpirthet ti orlebleb hoiut hed

suppirtleb cnhebjs le Zarhlelhes- tniubn smlbntmy kirj lkpirthet gir tnj ciuetjrphrts%

Tnj kh`irlty ig rjspiedjets grik hmm rjspiedjet briups gjmt tnht tnj pisltlvj iutcikjs grik tnjWimuetjjrs wira le tnjlr lestltutlies hed cikkueltljs wlmm oj susthlejd% Sthajnimdjrs ledlchtjdtnht Vjhcj Cirps wira hed trhleleb cietrloutjd ti tnj Zarhlelhe irbhelzhtlies holmlty ti susthletnj TJGM pri`jct wira hgtjr tnj Wimuetjjr mjhvjs%

H skhmm pirtlie ig rjspiedjets whs mjss iptlklstlc tnht tnj hcnljvjd rjsumts ciumd oj gummykhlethlejd hgtjr tnj Wimuetjjrs djphrturj% Tnjy gjmt tnj mhca ig gueds wiumd oj he iosthcmj% Girjxhkpmj- wnlmj h cikkuelty khy nhvj rjcjlvjd tjhcnleb ir cmhssriik khtjrlhms durleb tnjpri`jct- tnjrj wjrj grjqujetmy ei gueds ti updhtj ir khlethle tnisj ltjks hgtjr tnj djphrturj ig

tnj Wimuetjjr%

Le hddltlie ti h mhca ig guedleb- sikj shld h mhca ig michm mjhdjrsnlp striebmy rjducjd tnjsusthleholmlty ig tnj hcnljvjd rjsumts% Lt ls hmsi lkpirthet ti uedjrsthed tnht rjspiedjetsrjcibelzjd tnht igtje itnjr prlirltljs hed h mhca ig pjipmj ti khlethle tnj cnhebjs slbelglchetmyrjducjd cietleulty le tnj wira leltlhtjd oy Wimuetjjrs%

Tnjrj hrj ei mhstleb ejbhtlvj jggjcts ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps wirakjetliejd oy hey rjspiedjets% Lecietrhst- iej cikkjet privldjd durleb he letjrvljw piletjd iut tnj mhstleb jggjcts heddlgglcumty ig ivjrcikleb tnj Sivljt kjethmlty hed stjrjitypjs ie susthleleb pisltlvj cnhebj leZarhlej%

Bihm ? whs jggjctlvjmy hcnljvjd le Zarhlej- hs NCEs wni letjrhctjd wltn Wimuetjjrs rjpirtjdkirj pisltlvj iplelies ig Hkjrlches% Tnj Wimuetjjrs wjrj crjdltjd wltn nhvleb khdjslbelglchet cietrloutlies ti lecrjhsleb Zarhlelhes uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches duj ti tnjlr dhlmyjxpisurj ti Hkjrlche mlgjstymj- vhmujs hed trhdltlies%

Hs iosjrvjd oy tnj sjelir rjsjhrcnjr- Tnj cnhebjs le httltudj khy oj httrloutjd ti Hkjrlches-le phrtlcumhr- tnjlr ojnhvlir hed ivjrhmm httltudj%

Tnj Vjhcj Cirps wlmm cietleuj lts jggirts ti hssjss lts lkphct hed ti usj tnj gledlebs ti lkprivjipjrhtlies hed pribrhkkleb%


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Vhbj | 2:

HVVJEDL^ 80 KJTNIDIMIB\

Niw Rjrj tnj Cikkuelty Sltjs hed Letjrvljw _jspiedjets Sjmjctjd9

Le Zarhlej- tnj tjhk cieductjd letjrvljws ht ?6 TJGM Vri`jct pmhcjkjets% Ht jhcn pist hrjprjsjethtlvj- rhtnjr tnhe h rhedik- shkpmj whs drhwe grik tnj mlst ig Wimuetjjr hsslbekjetsslecj ?663% Sltjs tnht wjrj jxtrjkjmy rjkitj wjrj jxcmudjd% Study sltjs wjrj rhedikmy sjmjctjdgrik tnj rjkhleleb mlst% Ledlvlduhm rjspiedjets wjrj tnje sjmjctjd le iej ig tnrjj whys0

8% Ht khey sltjs- iemy iej ciuetjrphrt nhd wirajd wltn h Wimuetjjr% Le tnisj chsjs- iecjtnj sltj whs sjmjctjd- si whs tnj ciuetjrphrt%

?% Rltn rjbhrd ti tnj sjmjctlie ig ojejglclhrljs hed nist ghklmy kjkojrhed le chsjswnjrj kirj tnhe iej pisslomj ciuetjrphrt whs hvhlmhomjpist sthgg hed)ir tnj Wimuetjjrpripisjd ledlvlduhms aeiwe ti nhvj nhd slbelglchet levimvjkjet le tnj pri`jct ir wltntnj Wimuetjjr% Rltnle h nist ghklmy- tnj pjrsie wltn tnj kist jxpjrljecj wltn tnjWimuetjjr whs hsajd gir he letjrvljw%

3% Le chsjs wnjrj tnjrj wjrj stlmm kumtlpmj pisslomj rjspiedjets- tnj rjsjhrcn tjhk rhedikmysjmjctjd tnj rjspiedjets%

Niw Rjrj Dhth Cimmjctjd9

Tnj rjsjhrcn qujstlies hed letjrvljw priticims wjrj djslbejd oy ISL_V sthgg hed rjglejdtnriubn ciesumthtlies wltn tnj ciuetry dlrjctir- pist sthgg hed rjbliehm sthgg ht VjhcjCirps)njhdquhrtjrs%

H tjhk ig michm letjrvljwjrs- trhlejd hed supjrvlsjd oy h nist ciuetry sjelir rjsjhrcnjrcietrhctjd le+ciuetry- cieductjd hmm tnj letjrvljws% Tnj letjrvljwjrs cieductjd ghcj+ti+ghcjstructurjd letjrvljws wltn tnj gimmiwleb chtjbirljs ig Zarhlelhe ehtliehms0

Vri`jct phrtejrs)ciuetjrphrts0 Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs- djphrtkjet dlrjctirs Vri`jct ojejglclhrljs0 Jebmlsn tjhcnjrs- tjhcnjrs ig itnjr suo`jcts- Jebmlsn cmuo

kjkojrs- studjets Nist ghklmy kjkojrs0 ghklmljs tnht nistjd ir sjrvjd hs mhedmirds ti Wimuetjjrs durleb

hmm ir phrt ig tnjlr sjrvlcj Vri`jct sthajnimdjrs0 rjprjsjethtlvjs ig tnj Klelstry ig Jduchtlie hed Scljecj- jdltir ig

he Jebmlsn mhebuhbj ejwsphpjr

Letjrvljwjrs usjd wrlttje priticims spjclglc ti jhcn chtjbiry ig rjspiedjets%

Tnj rjsjhrcn tjhks hmsi rjvljwjd jxlstleb pjrgirkhecj dhth riutlejmy rjpirtjd oy pistsle tnj Vri`jct Sthtus _jpirts- hs wjmm hs tnj rjsumts ig tnj Vjhcj Cirps Heeuhm WimuetjjrSurvjy% Niwjvjr- tnj rjsumts prjsjetjd le tnls rjpirt hrj hmkist jxcmuslvjmy ohsjd ie tnjletjrvljw dhth cimmjctjd tnriubn tnls study%


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HVVJEDL^ 80 KJTNIDIMIB\

Vhbj | 27

Iej nuedrjd slxty+iej ledlvlduhms wjrj letjrvljwjd le Zarhlej .Thomj ?, gir tnls study%

Thomj ?0 Eukojr hed Typj ig Nist Ciuetry Ehtliehms Letjrvljwjd0 Zarhlej

Letjrvljw Typj Eukojr ig Vjipmj Eukojr ig SltjsVri`jct ciuetjrphrts

Mhebuhbj tjhcnjrs Dlrjctirs Mlebulsts Sthgg ht trhleleb

lestltutlies

7:44

HVVJEDL^ ?0 KJTNIDIMIB\ G_IK TNJ NIST

CIZET_\ _JSJH_CN TJHK?3

Vurpisj ig tnj Study

Tnj purpisj ig tnj study Qwhs[ ti djtjrklej tnj jxtjet ti wnlcn nist ciuetry ledlvlduhmstnlea tnht VCWs hed tnj cikkuelty pri`jcts hrj kjjtleb tnjlr michmmy djglejd ejjds girtrhlejd kje hed wikje hed lecrjhsleb cikkuelty kjkojrs uedjrsthedleb igHkjrlches% Le irdjr ti hcnljvj lts purpisj- tnj study gicusjd ie tnj hssjsskjet ig tnjlkphct ig twi ig Vjhcj Cirps .VC, bihms- spjclglchmmy tnriubn tnj Wimuetjjrs hctlvltljshssiclhtjd wltn tnj TJGM Vri`jct0

Bihm 80 Njmpleb tnj pjipmj ig letjrjstjd ciuetrljs le kjjtleb tnjlr ejjd gir trhlejd kjehed wikje%

Bihm ?0 Njmpleb prikitj Zarhlelhes ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches%

Tnls study ls lkpirthet ti tnj Vjhcj Cirps le irdjr ti heswjr qujstlies hoiut tnj djbrjjti wnlcn tnj Vjhcj Cirps ls homj ti oitn kjjt tnj ejjds ig tnj nist ciuetry hed suppirtlecrjhsjd uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hkieb nist ciuetry ehtliehms% Kirjivjr- tnlsstudy wlmm hmmiw Vjhcj Cirps ti nhvj h ojttjr plcturj ig niw lts pri`jct wiras hed hddrjsshrjhs wnjrj lt ciumd oj lkprivjd% Tnls study ls uelquj ojchusj lt gicusjs ie mjhrelebhoiut tnj Vjhcj Cirps lkphct dlrjctmy grik nist ciuetry ledlvlduhms- le tnjlr iwe wirds%

CCC Crjhtlvj Cjetjr .Zarhlej+ohsjd EBI, whs cietrhctjd oy Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej tilkpmjkjet tnj jvhmuhtlie study% H CCC study tjhk whs rjspieslomj gir lkpmjkjethtlieig tnj gimmiwleb thsas0

l% _jvljw tnj jxlstleb rjsjhrcn pmhe hed ldjetlgy rjglejkjets ti oj dlscussjd wltnVjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej%

ll% _jvljw Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej TJGM Vri`jct dicukjets%lll% _jvljw hed trhesmhtj tnj letjrvljw qujstlies hed trhleleb khtjrlhms privldjd oy

Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej hed Vjhcj Cirps)njhdquhrtjrs grik Jebmlsn ti Zarhlelhe%lv% Sjmjct nist ciuetry ehtliehm letjrvljwjrs ti cieduct letjrvljws ht Vjhcj Cirps

pri`jct sltjs%v% Trhle hed supjrvlsj nist ciuetry ehtliehm letjrvljwjrs sucn tnht tnj letjrvljwjrs

hrj homj ti cieduct study letjrvljws le h ciegldjet hed grljedmy kheejr%

vl% Cieduct letjrvljws ht hpprixlkhtjmy ?: ti 36 dlstlect Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej sltjssjmjctjd oy Vjhcj Cirps)Zarhlej%vll% Djvjmip h djthlmjd miblstlcs pmhe gir hmm gljmd wira- lecmudleb midbleb-

trhespirthtlie- hed trhvjm ti vhrlius sltjs%

?3 Tnls sjctlie whs pummjd grik tnj rjsjhrcn rjpirt djvjmipjd oy tnj le+ciuetry rjsjhrcn tjhk% Hs h rjsumttnj girkhttleb hed stymj vhry grik tnisj usjd le tnj oidy ig tnj rjpirt%


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CIZET_\ _JSJH_CN TJHK

Vhbj | 26

Le hddltlie ti tnj legirkhtlie bhtnjrjd tnriubn tnj letjrvljws- tnj gimmiwleb sjciedhrydhth whs privldjd oy Vjhcj Cirps hed rjvljwjd durleb dhth hehmysls0

Vjhcj Cirps dicukjets TJGM Vri`jct dicukjets Nist Ciuetry Lkphct study rjpirts grik itnjr ciuetrljs _jpirt jetltmjd- Hssjssleb tnj Lkphct ig Vjhcj Cirps0 H Chsj Study le Zarhlej

.?66>,%

Vjhcj Cirps privldjd CCC wltn drhgt qujstlieehlrjs gir jhcn thrbjt briup- wnlcn wjrjtjstjd hed updhtjd hgtjr ciesumthtlie wltn tnj rjsjhrcn tjhk hed tnj nist ciuetry ehtliehmletjrvljwjrs durleb trhleleb% Tnj letjrvljwjr nhd he ippirtuelty ti thlmir nls ir njrgimmiw+up qujstlies hed priojs ti tnj spjclglc rjspiedjet hed bhtnjr legirkhtlie le kirjdjptn tnhe wiumd oj tnj chsj wltn h sthedhrd qujstlieehlrj%

Nist ciuetry ledlvlduhms wjrj letjrvljwjd usleb tnj letjrvljw buldj spjclglc ti jhcnchtjbiry ig rjspiedjet% Tnj letjrvljw buldj cieslstjd ig sjvjrhm phrts tnht lecmudjdletjrvljw letriductlie- cieglrkhtiry hed jxpmirhtiry qujstlies- qujstlies hoiut tnjpri`jct wira hed hoiut rjspiedjets uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches- hed tnhealebphrtlclphets% Le bjejrhm- jhcn letjrvljw mhstjd 36+


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CIZET_\ _JSJH_CN TJHK

Olhs duj ti rjspiedjet kjkiry ir wlmmlebejss ti rjpirt0 Ti tnj jxtjet pisslomj- tnjletjrvljw dhth bhtnjrjd whs cikphrjd ti VCWs rjspiesjs rjbhrdleb tnj jxtjet ti wnlcnWimuetjjrs tniubnt tnjy njmpjd NCEs ti bhle h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches%Rnjrj pisslomj- rjspiedjet legirkhtlie hoiut niw hed wnjtnjr tnjy tniubnt tnht tnjVCW hggjctjd tnjlr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hed itnjrs whs cikphrjd wltnle

suobriups ig rjmhtjd rjspiedjets hed jxhklejd gir trjeds%

Kjhsurjkjet ig orihd ciecjpts0 Tnj ciecjpts ig kjjtleb nist ciuetry ejjds hedprikitleb h ojttjr uedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches hrj si orihd tnht tnjy di eit nhvjsthedhrd djgleltlies% Gurtnjr- tnjrj hrj ei uelvjrshmmy hccjptjd vhmld hed rjmlhomjkjhsurjs ig tnjsj ciecjpts% Hs h rjsumttnj dhth bhtnjrjd tnriubn tnjsj letjrvljws lsjxpmirhtiry rhtnjr tnhe cieglrkhtiry%

Kjhsurleb snirt+tjrk iutcikjs0 Cnhebjs le httltudjs- aeiwmjdbj- hed hwhrjejss hrjtyplchmmy snirt+tjrk pri`jct iutcikjs% Cnhebjs le ojnhvlirs hed prhctlcjs khy ojletjrkjdlhtj iutcikjs% Tnjsj letjrvljws khdj lt pisslomj ti bhtnjr legirkhtlie hoiut

httltudj- hwhrjejss- hed aeiwmjdbj cnhebjs .l%j%- snirt+tjrk iutcikjs, rjmhtjd ti oitnstrhtjblc bihms%

Mlkltjd hvhlmholmlty ig ciuetjrphrts- ojejglclhrljs- ir nist ghklmy kjkojrs% Tnjrjwjrj sikj dlgglcumtljs le gledleb nist ghklmy kjkojrs hs sikj VCWs mlvjd le rjetjddiklclmjs% Le sucn chsjs- mhedmirds wjrj letjrvljwjd%

Le hddltlie ti tnj hgirjkjetliejd- tnj gimmiwleb tjcnelchm mlklthtlies wjrj hmsi rjvjhmjddurleb tnj prjphrhtlie- gljmd wira- hed dhth hehmysls sthbjs hed ciesldjrjd hccirdlebmy%

Io`jctlvlty ig rjspiedjets `udbkjet0 Tnj letjrvljw buldjs gir hmm tnj rjspiedjet

briups ciethles cikphrhtlvj qujstlies- hs wjmm hs- qujstlies hoiut tnj rjspiedjetsuedjrsthedleb ig Hkjrlches ojgirj wiraleb)mlvleb wltn VCWs% Tnj letjrvljw pricjsssniwjd tnht rjspiedjets ghcjd dlgglcumtljs heswjrleb tnls aled ig qujstlie- slecj le kistchsjs tnj jxpjrljecj ig wiraleb wltn h VCW nhs nhd h slbelglchet legmujecj ie tnj nistciuetry ledlvlduhms kledsjts% Rnlmj letjrprjtleb tnj dhth- tnj jvhmuhtlie tjhk tiia tnlsolhs uedjr ciesldjrhtlie wnje privldleb he jvhmuhtlie ig tnj gledlebs%

peace corps host country impact study ukraine

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