peace corps trainer's manual - culture matters

8/7/2019 Peace Corps Trainer's Manual - Culture Matters

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CFK Eh% RH1



Cenhtjarche Fhiikfrche aeb Kpfàeok

R`k \kafk Fht|v Cenhtjarche Fhiikfrche aeb Kpfàeok (CFK#) a {ecr hn r`k Fkerkt nht Nckib

Avvcvraefk aeb A||ickb Tkvkatf` (r`k Fkerkt#) jagkv a~aciadik r`k vrtarkockv aeb rkfèhihockv

bk~kih|kb ds \kafk Fht|v ^hi{erkktv) r`kct fh*whtgktv) aeb r`kct fh{erkt|atrv rh bk~kih|jker

htoaec}archev aeb whtgktv w`h jco`r nceb r`kj {vkn{i% CFK whtgv wcr` \kafk Fht|v rkfècfai

aeb rtaceceo v|kfcaicvrv rh cbkercns aeb bk~kih| cenhtjarche hn aii gceb rh v{||htr ^hi{erkktv aeb

h~ktvkav vrann% CFK aivh fhiikfrv aeb bcvvkjcearkv rtaceceo o{cbkv) f{ttcf{ia) ikvvhe |iaev) |thmkfrtk|htrv) jae{aiv) aeb hr`kt \kafk Fht|v*okektarkb jarktcaiv bk~kih|kb ce r`k nckib% Vhjk jarktc*

aiv atk tk|tcerkb ’av*cv‚7 hr`ktv |th~cbk a vh{tfk hn nckib*davkb cenhtjarche nht r`k |thb{frche hn

jae{aiv ht nht tkvkatf` ce |atrcf{iat |thotaj atkav% Jarktcaiv ràr sh{ v{djcr rh CFK dkfhjk |atr

hn r`k \kafk Fht|v– iatokt fhertcd{rche rh bk~kih|jker%

R`cv |{dicfarche wav |thb{fkb ds \kafk Fht|v Fkerkt nht Nckib Avvcvraefk aeb A||ickb Tkvkatf`%

Cr cv bcvrtcd{rkb r`th{o` r`k Fkerkt–v Cenhtjarche Fhiikfrche aeb Kpfàeok {ecr% Nht n{tr`kt cenht*

jarche adh{r CFK jarktcaiv (|ktchbcfaiv) dhhgv) ~cbkhv) krf%)# aeb cenhtjarche vkt~cfkv) ht nht abbc*

rcheai fh|ckv hn r`cv jae{ai) |ikavk fherafr CFK aeb tknkt rh r`k CFK Faraiho e{jdkt ràr a||katv

he r`k |{dicfarche=

\kafk Fht|v

Fkerkt nht Nckib Avvcvraefk aeb A||ickb Tkvkatf`


1111 4<r` Vrtkkr) E_ Thhj 14<<

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Adtcbokb Bkwks Bkfcjai Fiavvcncfarche (BBF# E{jdkt= 6<6%20

Vàtk sh{t kp|ktckefk!

Abb sh{t kp|ktckefk rh r`k CFK Tkvh{tfk Fkerkt% Vkeb sh{t jarktcaiv rh {v vh ràr wk fae

vàtk r`kj wcr` hr`kt bk~kih|jker whtgktv% Sh{t rkfècfai cevco`rv vkt~k av r`k davcv nht r`k

okektarche hn CFK jarktcaiv) tk|tcerv) aeb rtaceceo jarktcaiv% R`ks aivh kev{tk ràr CFK cv |th*

~cbceo r`k jhvr {|*rh*bark ceeh~arc~k |thdikj vhi~ceo rkfècq{kv aeb cenhtjarche a~aciadik rh

sh{ aeb sh{t nkiihw bk~kih|jker whtgktv%



F{ir{tk Jarrktv

Rtacekt–v

o{cbk

\kafk Fht|v


R<1<6

Tk|tcerkb XXXXXXXX



F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk y

Radik hn Fherkerv

\ATR HEK= [vceo F{ir{tk Jarrktv ce \tk*vkt~cfk Rtaceceo

Certhb{frche% 1

_àr%cv%F{ir{tk Jarrktv8% 1

Cv%F{ir{tk Jarrktv%V{||hvkb%rh%Tk|iafk%Js%F{ttker%Fthvv*F{ir{tai%Rtaceceo8% 4

_àr–v%ce%F{ir{tk Jarrktv8% 4

@hw%Bh%C%Cefht|htark%F{ir{tk Jarrktv%Cerh%Js%\tk*Vkt~cfk%Rtaceceo8% 6

Hr`kt%[vkv%hn%F{ir{tk Jarrktv% 2

\ATR R_H= Rtacekt Ehrkv nht Vkikfrkb Kpktfcvkv nthj F{ir{tk Jarrktv

Certhb{frche% ;

A%O{cbk%rh%r`k%Nhtjar%hn%r`k%Rtacekt%Ehrkv% ;

\tkvkerceo%F{ir{tk Jarrktv ‒Ae%Certhb{frhts%Afrc~crs% ?

Fthvv*F{ir{tai%Q{c}% 0

1%6 ‒_àr%cv%F{ir{tk8% 1<

Bkekv f{ir{tk aeb oc~kv kpaj|ikv hn ~atch{v gcebv hn dkicknv) f{vrhjv) ~ai{kv)

aeb%|tafrcfkv%r ar%atk%cefi{bkb%ce%r`cv%fhefk|r

1%; ‒Icegceo ai{kv rh Dkà~cht 14

V`hwv r`k tkiarchev`c| dkrwkke r`k ~ai{kv aeb dkicknv |kh|ik `hib aeb r`k was

r`ks dkà~k) r`{v jagceo r`k cj|htraer |hcer ràr |kh|ik wcr` bcnnktker ~ai{kv

aeb dkicknv atk ohceo rh dkà~k bcnnktkeris%

1%> ‒[ec~ktvai) F{ir{tai) ht \ktvheai% 12

\{rv f{ir{tai dkà~cht cerh fherkpr) v`hwceo ràr jaes r`ceov |kh|ik bh atk

{ec~ktvai%(r`k%vajk%ce%aii%f{ir{tkv#%aeb%ràr%vhjk%hr`ktv%atk%|ktvheai%(ehr%r`k%

vajk%k~ke%nht%|kh|ik%nthj%r`k%vajk%f{ir{tk#

1%3 ‒Ce r`k Jceb hn r`k Dk`hibkt % 1>

Oc~kv fheftkrk kpaj|ikv hn hw |kh|ik nthj bcnnktker f{ir{tkv fae cerkt|tkr r`k

vajk dkà~cht ce ~kts bcnnktker wasv7 v`hwv) r`ktknhtk) hw aeb w`s |kh|ik hnrke

jcvcerkt|tkrjcv{ebktvraeb%kaf`%hr`kt%ce%a%fthvv*f{ir{tai%vcr{arche

N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C‒R`k Fhefk|r hn r`k Vkin

Kpktfcvk C%4=%Cebc~cb{aicvj%aeb%Fhiikfrc~cvj% 13

Cbkerckv bcnnktkefkv ce vkin*fhefk|r) r`ktknhtk ce dkà~chtv) hn |kh|ik w`h atk

jhtk cebc~cb{aicvr (icgk jaes Ajktcfaev# aeb jhtk fhiikfrc~cvroth{| htckerkb

(icgk jaes hvr fh{erts earcheai vhfckrckv%#

4%4 ‒R`k%R`ceov%_k%Vas% 41

Cbkerckv cj|htraer Ajktcfae aeb `hvr fh{erts ~ai{kv r`th{o` ae aeaisvcv hn

rs|cfai kp|tkvvchev |kh|ik {vk ce k~ktsbas fhe~ktvarche%



y F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk

4%6 ‒R`ctrkke%F{ir{tai%Farkohtckv% 46

\tkvkerv 16 gks f{ir{tai farkohtckv (Arrcr{bk Rhwatbv Aok) Fhefk|r hn Nark aeb

Bkvrces) Arrcr{bk Rhwatbv Fàeok) Fhefk|r hn Nafk) Vh{tfk hn Vkin*Kvrkkj)

^ckw hn r`k Ear{tai _htib) krf%# aeb fhj|atkv r`k Ajktcfae aeb hvr fh{erts

~ckwv hn r`kvk cvv{kv7 fhevcbktv cj|icfarchev hn aes f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv%

4%2 ‒R`cegceo Adh{r Js Mhd% 4;Ihhgv ar ~k farkohtckv hn f{ir{tk‒Arrcr{bk Rhwatb Aok) Arrcr{bk Rhwatbv

Fàeok) Fhefk|r hn Kq{aicrs) Arrcr{bk Rhwatbv Ragceo Tcvgv) aeb ^ckw hn r`k

Ear{tai _htib‒aeb kpajcekv r`k cj|afr hn f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce r`kvk atkav

nht Ajktcfaev whtgceo ce r`k ihfai f{ir{tk%

4%0 ‒Ehw%_àr8%Bc~ktvcrs%Ftcrcfai%Cefcbkerv% 4?

Ihhgv ar hr`kt) ehe*f{ir{tai av|kfrv hn |ktvheai cbkercrs‒aok) okebkt) tafk)

vkp{ai htckerarche) krf%‒aeb `hw r`kvk fàtafrktcvrcfv atk ~ckwkb ce r`k ihfai

f{ir{tk

N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CC‒\ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev

Kpktfcvk CC%6=%Vfhtk%Sh{tvkin=%[ec~ktvaicvr%ht%\atrcf{iatcvr% 43

Kpajcekv f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv tkoatbceo hw |kh|ik daiaefk hdicoarchev rh r`kct

ce*oth{| (najcis) fihvk ntckebv# aeb rh r`k tkvr hn vhfckrs (h{r*oth{|#% F{ir{tai

bcnnktkefkv ktk a~k vcoecfaer cj|afr he cerkt|ktvheai tkiarchev) kv|kfcaiis

ntckebv`c|) aeb aivh tkiarchev wcr` fh*whtgktv%

6%1 ‒Bkat%Oa~ce% 61

\tkvkerv kpaj|ikv hn bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke bctkfr aeb cebctkfr vrsikv hn

fhjj{ecfarche ce v|kfcf vcr{archev%

6%4 ‒Vrsikv%hn%Fhjj{ecfarche=%Cebctkfr%aeb%Bctkfr% 66

Bkekv gks nkar{tkv hn cebctkfr`co` fherkpr fhjj{ecfarche aeb bctkfrihwfherkpr fhjj{ecfarche aeb oc~kv kpaj|ikv hn rs|cfai dkà~chtv%

6%2 ‒F{ir{tk aeb Fhjj{ecfarche Vrsikv= Ajktcfae aeb @hvr Fh{erts ckwv Fhj|atkb 6;

\tkvkerv nh{t bcjkevchev hn fhjj{ecfarche‒Bkotkk hn Bctkfrekvv) Thik hn

Fherkpr) Cj|htraefk hn Nafk) aeb R`k Ravg ht r`k \ktvhe‒bkekv airktearc~k

h{rihhgvwhtib ~ckwv nht kaf`) avgv |atrcfc|aerv rh |iafk [%V% aeb `hvr fh{erts

f{ir{tk he nh{t fherce{{jv) fhj|atk r`k tkv{irv) aeb bcvf{vv cj|icfarchev hn

gks bcnnktkefkv%

6%; ‒Ehe~ktdai Fhjj{ecfarche= Okvr{tkv) Ksk Fherafr) aeb Fhe~ktvarcheai Vrsik% 63

@av |atrcfc|aerv hdvkt~k r`k ihfai f{ir{tai ehtjv nht r`k r`tkk farkohtckv eajkb

aeb%cbkercns%bcnnktkefkv%wcr`%Ajktcfae%f{ir{tk

6%> ‒Bcaiho{kv% 21

\tkvkerv ~k kpaj|ikv hn fhjjhe rkfècq{kv hn cebctkfr fhjj{ecfarche ce

whtg|iafk fhe~ktvarchev%

6%0 ‒\tafrcfceo%Cebctkfrekvv% 22

\tkvkerv vk~ke bctkfr vrarkjkerv w`cf` |atrcfc|aerv atk avgkb rh tk|`tavk ce a

jhtk%cebctkfr%jaeekt




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CCC= R`k Fhefk|r hn Rcjk

Kpktfcvk CCC%6= Vfhtk%Sh{tvkin‒Jhehf`thecf%aeb%\hisf`thecf% 2;

Kpajcekv `hw |kh|ik–v ~ckw hn rcjk‒r`ktk–v aiwasv jhtk rcjk (|hisf`thecf#

ht%hnrke%ehr%keh{o`%rcjk%(jhehf`thecf#‒annkfrv%`hw%r`ks%cerktafr%wcr`%hr`ktv%

aeb%vrt{fr{tk%r`kct%ic~kv

2%4 ‒Fhefk|r%hn%\hwkt%aeb %2%2 ‒Bcaiho{kv% 2?

2%6 Kpajcekv bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke `hw |kh|ik ce `co` |hwkt bcvraefk

f{ir{tkv (fkertaic}kb a{r`htcrs) a{rhftarcf jaeaokjker) icrrik bkikoarche

hn tkv|hevcdcicrs# aeb ihw |hwkt bcvraefk f{ir{tkv (vàtkb a{r`htcrs aeb

tkv|hevcdcicrs) bkjhftarcf jaeaokjker) ikvv bcvraefk dkrwkke jaeaokt aeb

v{dhtbcearkv# cerktafr ce r`k whtg|iafk7 ihhgv ar cj|icfarchev nht r`k |th|kt

thikdkà~cht hn r`k dhvv aeb r`k whtgkt% 2%2 \tkvkerv nh{t kpaj|ikv hn f{ir{tai

bcnnktkefkv ce |hwkt bcvraefk tkiarchev`c|v ce r`k whtg|iafk%

2%0 ‒R`k Vh{tfk hn Vrar{v= Af`ck~kb ht Avftcdkb% ;<

\tkvkerv nh{t cefcbkerv cii{vrtarceo f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke f{ir{tkv w`ktk

vrar{v aeb taeg atk avftcdkb (davkb he fiavv) najcis eajk) |thnkvvche aeb w`ktkcr–v ~kts bcnf{ir rh fàeok sh{t vrar{v# aeb w`ktk r`ks atk af`ck~kb (davkb he

|ktvheai knnhtr aeb w`ktk taeg aeb vrar{v atk bk*kj|àvc}kb aeb cr–v kavckt rh

jh~k%{|%r`k%iabbkt%hn%vrar{v#

2%3 ‒_htg|iafk ai{kv aeb Ehtjv= Fhj|atceo Ajktcfae aeb @hvr Fh{erts ckwv% ;4

Kpajcekv kco`r bcjkevchev hn whtg‒\hwkt Bcvraefk) [efktracers A~hcbaefk)

Vh{tfk hn Vrar{v) Fhefk|r hn _htg) \ktvheai aeb \thnkvvcheai) Jhrc~arche)

Gks rh \thb{frc~crs) aeb R`k Cbkai _htgkt‒bkekv airktearc~k h{rihhgvwhtib

~ckwv he r`kvk cvv{kv) avgv |atrcfc|aerv rh |iafk [%V% aeb r`k `hvr f{ir{tk he

fherce{{jv) fhj|atk r`k tkv{irv) aeb bcvf{vv cj|icfarchev hn gks bcnnktkefkv%

2%11 ‒Sh{%Ajktcfaev% ;>

Fhevcbktv fhjjhe `hvr fh{erts fàtafrktc}archev hn aeb fhj|iacerv adh{rAjktcfaev‒_`s%atk%sh{%vh%cj|arcker8%_`s%bh%sh{%aiwasv%waer%rh%fàeok%

r`ceov8 _`s bh sh{ aiwasv r`ceg r`ceov atk ohceo rh okr dkrrkt8 Krf%‒aeb avgv

|atrcfc|aerv%rh%fhevcbkt%w`ktk%r`kvk%fàtokv%fhjk%nthj%aeb%`hw%rh%tkv|heb%rh%

r`kj

2%16 ‒R{teceo r k Radikv% ;3

Avgv |atrcfc|aerv rh |{r r`kjvki~kv ce r`k v`hkv hn `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv

whtgceo wcr` ^hi{erkktv ds cjaoceceo ràr r`ks W^hi{erkktvZ wktk whtgceo

ce mhdv ce r`k [%V% aeb a nhtkcoekt v{bbkeis v`hwkb {| ce r`kct hnfk7 `ki|v

|atrcfc|aerv {ebktvraeb `hw r`ks jas dk ~ckwkb ds r`kct fh*whtgktv%

N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C^= R`k Ihf{v hn FherthiKpktfcvk C^%4= Afrc~cvj%aeb%Naraicvj% >1

Kpajcekv f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv tkoatbceo `hw j{f` |kh|ik dkick~k r`ks atk ce

fherthi hn wàr à||kev rh r`kj ce icnk aeb `hw tkv|hevcdik r`ks atk nht r`k

fh{tvk r`kct icnk ragkv% Afrc~cvrv nkki r`ks atk ce fherthi aeb tkv|hevcdik nht wàr

à||kev rh r`kj7 naraicvrv dkick~k r`ks à~k vhjk fherthitkv|hevcdcicrs d{r ràr

r`ktk atk icjcrv rh dhr`%



~ y F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk

;%1 ‒Bkat Mae% >4

Kpajcekv f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv tkoatbceo r`k hdicoarchev aeb tkv|hevcdcicrckv hn

ntckebv`c|) aeb ce* aeb h{r*oth{| bcvrcefrchev%

;%4 ‒R`k%Fctfik%hn%Tkiarchev% >2

Avgv |atrcfc|aerv rh fàtafrktc}k r`k bkotkk hn fihvkekvvtkv|hevcdcicrs r`ks

nkki rhwatb ~atch{v gcebv hn |kh|ik ce r`kct ic~kv= cjjkbcark najcis) kprkebkbnajcis) ntckebv) afq{aceraefkv) krf%7 fhj|atkv [%V% aeb hvr fh{erts earcheai

tkv|hevkv%aeb%bcvf{vvkv%cj|icfarchev%hn%aes%bcnnktkefkv

;%6 ‒T{ikv%hn%r`k%@h{vk=%%Cerktafrceo%wcr`%a%@hvr%Fh{erts%Najcis% >>

Kpajcekv cj|htraer f{ir{tai ehtjv (bh–v aeb bhe–rv# tkoatbceo ic~ceo wcr` a

`hvr%fh{erts%najcis

;%; ‒_àr%_h{ib%Sh{%Bh8% >0

\tkvkerv ~k cefcbkerv bkaiceo wcr` cj|htraer bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke [%V% aeb `hvr

fh{erts ehtjv tkoatbceo r`k tkv|hevcdcicrckv aeb hdicoarchev hn ntckebv`c|%

N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tkFhj|atceo Ajktcfae aeb @hvr Fh{erts ckwv% ?<

\tkvkerv ~atch{v av|kfrv hn r`k nh{t n{ebajkeraiv bkvftcdkb |tk~ch{vis‒

cebc~cb{aicvjfhiikfrc~cvj) {ec~ktvaicvj|atrcf{iatcvj) jhehf`thecf

|hisf thecf) aeb afrc~cvjnaraicvj‒bkekv airktearc~k h{rihhgvwhtib ~ckwv

nht kaf`) avgv |atrcfc|aerv rh |iafk r`kct hwe aeb r`k `hvr fh{ers f{ir{tk he

fherce{{jv) fhj|atk tkv{irv) aeb fhevcbkt cj|icfarchev hn gks bcnnktkefkv%

>%6 ‒R`k%Fsfik%hn%Abm{vrjker% ?6

Bkvftcdkv r`k ; vraokv hi{erkktv oh r`th{o` ce abm{vrceo rh r`kct hvr fh{erts

aeb `hw r`ks fae kp|kfr rh nkki b{tceo kaf` vraok%

>%2 ‒Vkrriceo%Ce% ?2

Kpajcekv r`k f{ir{tk hn \tk*Vkt~cfk Rtaceceo ràr rtacekkv a~k abm{vrkb rh

aeb |hcerv h{r r`k wasv cr cv ~kts bcnnktker nthj icnk anrkt rtaceceo7 watev

|atrcfc|aerv r ar r`k rtaevcrche rh ’ hi{erkktbhj‚ fae dk d{j|s%

>%? ‒Arrcr{bkv Rhwatb F{ir{tai Bcnnktkefk= Nthj Krèhfkertcvj rh Krèhtkiarc~cvj% ?>

Bkekv r`k ~k vraokv |kh|ik oh r`th{o` ce r`kct arrcr{bk rhwatb f{ir{tai

bcnnktkefkv) w`cf` cv hek |atr hn h~ktaii abm{vrjker rh a ekw fh{erts%

>%1< ‒Fae C Vrcii Dk Jk8% ?0

\tkvkerv vcp kpaj|ikv hn vcr{archev w`ktk ihfai f{ir{tai ehtjv vkkj rh tkq{ctk

^hi{erkktv rh dkà~k ce wasv ràr wh{ib {ebktjcek r`kct vkin*tkv|kfr7 avgv

|atrcfc|aerv rh fhevcbkt wàr r ks wcii bh ce vcr{archev tkq{ctceo r`kj rh f`hhvk

dkrwkke f{ir{tai vkevcrc~crs aeb r`kct hwe |ktvheai ~ai{kv%



F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk y ~

\ATR R@TKK= V{||ikjkerai Oth{| Kpktfcvkv nht F{ir{tk Jarrktv

Nht Fà|rkt 1= Hdvkt~arche ht Cerkt|tkrarche% 0<

Nht%Fà|rkt%4=%R`k%Ajktcfae%_as% 06

Nht%Fà|rkt%6=%Ftcrcfai%Cefcbkerv% 0;

Nht%Fà|rkt%2=%_àr%_h{ib%Sh{%Bh8% 3<

Nht%Fà|rkt%;=%Cerktafrceo%_cr`%R`k%Najcis% 36

Nht%Fà|rkt%>=%Fhjjhe%Abm{vrjker%Cvv{kv% 3>

Nht%N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%C=%Fhefk|r%hn%r`k%Vkin% 33

Nht N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CC= \ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev% 1<4

Nht%N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%CCC=%R`k%Fhefk|r%hn%Rcjk% 1<>

Nht N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C^= R`k Ihf{v hn Fherthi% 1<3

Nht%N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%Tk~ckw=%R`k%Jcecvrkt%hn%F{ir{tk%116

\ATR NH[T= Abbcrcheai Tkvh{tfkv nht Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtacektv

Fhjjhe Fhj|iacerv Adh{r Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo‒aeb @hw rh @aebik R`kj%11;

\tk*Vkt~cfk Rtaceceo Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo Bkvcoe Davkb he F{ir{tk Jarrktv%110

Fthvv*F{ir{tai%Rtaceceo%Rh|cfv% 141

Bcvf{vvche%Q{kvrchev%nht%|thfkvvceo%Fthvv*F{ir{tai%Afrc~crckv% 144

A%Icvr%hn%Rtaceceo%Jkr`hbhihockv% 142

Ae Cebkp rh F{ir{tk Jarrktv ds Rs|k hn Vkvvche% 14;

V{ookvrchev%nht%Cerkotarceo%F{ir{tk Jarrktv– %Fherker%cerh%Rkfècfai%aeb%Iaeo{aok%Rtaceceo% 143

Bk~kih|jker%hn%r`k%Nckib%hn%Cerktf{ir{tai%Fhjj{ecfarche%ce%r`k%[ecrkb%Vrarkv% 161

Oihvvats%hn%Fthvv*F{ir{tai%Rktjv%[vkb%ce%F{ir{tk Jarrktv% 16?




\ATR HEK=

[vceo F{ir{tk Jarrktv ce \tk*vkt~cfk Rtaceceo

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\ATR R_H=

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cebc~cb{aicvr ht a fhiikfrc~cvr7 ce hr`kt whtbv) k~ktsr`ceo bk|kebv he

r`k fherkpr aeb aii hn r`kvk dkà~chtv atk) hn fh{tvk) |tkvkerkb wcr`h{raes fherkpr% Sh{ fae aotkk wcr` r`cv) aeb r`ke abb ràr k~ke vh) cr fae

dk {vkn{i rh dk awatk hn r`k okektai bcvrcefrchev ràr atk jabk ce r`cv

kpktfcvk% Sh{ jco`r wcv` rh fhevcbkt bhceo r`k airktearc~k ~ktvche

hn r`cv kpktfcvk bkvftcdkb dkihw% Vhjk rtacektv à~k nh{eb ràr r`cv

~ktvche%ikabv%rh%nkwkt%fhj|iacerv%nthj%rtacekkv

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts Cevrkab hn certhb{fceo r`cv N{ebajkerai wcr` r`cv kpktfcvk) {vk r`k

Vfhtk Sh{tvkin kpktfcvk ce N{ebajkeraiv C%6 hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv%Bh%

EHR) `hwk~kt) {vk r k cevrt{frchev oc~ke he r`k whtgdhhg |aok7

cevrkab) avg rtacekkv rh tkab kaf` |act hn vrarkjkerv% Ce kaf` favk) hek

airktearc~k cv jhtk fhevcvrker wcr` ae cebc~cb{aicvr h{rihhg aeb r`k

hr`kt wcr` a fhiikfrc~cvr h{rihhg% Iadki kaf` crkj ce r`k |act wcr kcr`kt a ikrrkt ’C‚ (cebc~cb{aicvr# ht ’F‚ (fhiikfrc~cvr#% R`ke nhiihw bkic~kts

vrk|v 6 aeb 2 av bkvftcdkb adh~k%




4%4‒R`k R`ceov _k Vas

Fherker H~kt~ckw Kp|tkvvchev fhjjheis {vkb ce a f{ir{tk hnrke tkkfr r`k {ebktisceo

~ai{kv hn ràr f{ir{tk% @kefk) ihhgceo fihvkis ar r`kvk kp|tkvvchev)

aeb ar r`k jkaeceo dk`ceb r`k kp|tkvvchev) wcii tk~kai cj|htraer

cenhtjarche adh{r `hw r`k |kh|ik r`ceg aeb wàr r`ks dkick~k%

% R`cv%vkvvche%cv%ae%kavs%aeb%{efherth~ktvcai%was%hn%certhb{fceo%vhjk%

davcf Ajktcfae ~ai{kv aeb dkicknv% Jaes rtacekkv bh ehr icgk rh

jagk okektaic}archev adh{r Ajktcfaev) av r`ks à~k rh bh ce ~atch{v

kpktfcvkv ce r`k whtgdhhg (N{ebajkeraiv) fherce{{j kpktfcvkv) krf%#%

D{r rtacekkv wcii ehr bkes ràr jaes Ajktcfaev bh) ce nafr) {vk r`k

kp|tkvvchev icvrkb ce r`cv kpktfcvk) aeb r`ks wcii à~k rh abjcr ràr r`kvk

vrarkjkerv bh tkkfr r`k ~ai{kv ht dkicknv cebcfarkb%

Hdmkfrc~k Rh cbkercns Ajktcfae aeb hvr fh{erts f{ir{tai ~ai{kv tkkfrkb ce

fhjjhe vasceov ht kp|tkvvchev

Rcjk % 1%`h{t

Vrann % \atrcfc|arche%hn%a%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%cv%tkfhjjkebkb

\tk|atarche R`k rtacekt v`h{ib |tk|atk a icvr hn fhjjhe `hvr fh{erts kp|tkvvchev rh

|tkvker b{tceo \atr Rwh hn r`k kpktfcvk aeb aivh dk |tk|atkb rh kp|iace

a f{ir{tai ~ai{k ht dkickn dk`ceb r`k kp|tkvvchev% R`k kp|tkvvchev

v`h{ib kcr`kt dk |tkvkerkb he a àebh{r ht wtcrrke he a c|fàtr) wcr`

v|afk {ebktekar` kaf` hek rh wtcrk r`k ~ai{k aeb dkickn%


% Vrk| 4‒ @a~k rtacekkv fhj|ikrk aii hn \atr Hek) he r`kct hwe ht ce

vjaii%oth{|v

% Vrk| 6‒ Oh%h~kt%r`kct%aevwktv%rh%r`k%1>%icvrkb%crkjv%R`ke%vhicfcr%aeb%

jagk a icvr (he r`k c|fàtr# hn r`k kp|tkvvchev r`ks abbkb ar r`k keb hn

\atr%Hek

% Vrk| 2‒ Ehw |tkvker r`k icvr hn `hvr fh{erts kp|tkvvchev sh{ à~k

|tk|atkb aeb avg r`k w`hik oth{| rh fhevcbkt kaf` hek aeb cbkercns r`k

~ai{k ht dkickn cr tkkfrv% _tcrk r`kvk {ebkt kaf` kp|tkvvche%

% Vrk| ;‒ Avg rtacekkv rh kpajcek r`k Ajktcfae icvr aeb r`k `hvr fh{erts

icvr%aeb%cbkercns%vcjciatcrckv%aeb%bcnnktkefkv

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Vhjk rtacekkv jas vas cr cv a wavrk hn rcjk ihhgceo ar Ajktcfae

f{ir{tk= ’_k aitkabs gehw h{t f{ir{tk% _àr wk ekkb cv rh ikate adh{r

r`k `hvr f{ir{tk%‚ Cn r`ks vas r`cv) v`hw r`kj ràr r`ks wcii dk ihhgceo ar

r`k `hvr f{ir{tk ce \atr Rwh hn r`cv kpktfcvk%

Aehr`kt |hvvcdik fhj|icfarche cv ràr rtacekkv jas r`ceg hn kp|tkvvchev

ràr tkkfr a ~ai{k ht a dkickn ràr cv r`k h||hvcrk hn aehr`kt kp|tkvvche

aitkabs oc~ke% R`ke r`ks wcii avg `hw |kh|ik fae à~k a fktrace ~ai{k

aeb aivh a~k r`k h||hvcrk ~ai{k% Sh{t aevwkt ktk v`h{ib dk ràr

|kh|ik atk ehr aiwasv fhevcvrker) ràr ce fktrace fctf{jvraefkv wk ~ai{k

a fktrace r`ceo d{r ràr ce hr`kt fctf{jvraefkv wk fae ~ai{k vhjkr`ceo

kivk% F{ir{tkv hnrke `hib fhecfrceo ~ai{kv aeb dkicknv%




Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts \`hrhfh|s \atr Hek nthj r`k whtgdhhg aeb f{r r`k |aokv cerh vrtc|v hn

|a|kt wcr` hek vkr hn vasceov (1*6) 2*>) krf%# a||katceo he kaf` vrtc|% Ar

r`k vajk rcjk) wtcrk r`k ~ai{kv (nh{eb ce Aevwktv) Fà|rkt 4) vkfrche

4%4# he vrtc|v hn |a|kt) hek ~ai{k |kt vrtc|% Bc~cbk r`k rtacekkv cerh rwh

oth{|v% Oc~k kaf` |ktvhe ce hek oth{| a vkr hn kp|tkvvchev aeb kaf`

|ktvhe ce r`k hr`kt a vkr hn aevwktv% R`ke cevrt{fr rtacekkv rh eb r`k

|ktvhe wcr` r`k kp|tkvvchev ht aevwkt ràr jarf`kv wàr cv he r`kct |a|kt% Anrkt k~ktshek àv nh{eb `cv ht `kt ’|atrekt)‚ f`kfg rh jagk

v{tk%r`ks%à~k%|actkb%{|%fhttkfris




4%6‒R`ctrkke F{ir{tai Farkohtckv

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk (icgk aii hn Fà|rkt 4 hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv#%cv%nh{ebkb%

he r`k |tcefc|ik ràr rh dk knnkfrc~k ce a nhtkcoe f{ir{tk) sh{ j{vr

tvr {ebktvraeb sh{t hwe% Vcefk hi{erkktv jas ehr vkk r`k |hcer hn vr{bsceo Ajktcfae f{ir{tk (vkk \hrkercai Cvv{kv dkihw# aeb jas k~ke

tkvcvr à~ceo rh bh vh) cr cv cj|htraer nht rtacektv rh dk adik rh bkvftcdk

r`k%tarcheaik%%

Jhvr |thdikjv ce aes gceb hn fthvv*f{ir{tai cerktafrche atk fa{vkb ds

bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke r`k rwh f{ir{tkv% Awatkekvv aeb {ebktvraebceo hn

bcnnktkefkv cv r`k gks rh v{ffkvvn{i cerktf{ir{tai cerktafrche%

Heis ds fhj|atceo fae sh{ vkk bcnnktkefkv (av wkii av vcjciatcrckv#) aeb

heis ds bkvftcdceo dhr` f{ir{tkv fae sh{ jagk a fhj|atcvhe% R`cv r`ke

cv r`k tkavhe ràr ce fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo) sh{ ekkb rh bkvftcdk dhr`

r`k ratokr (c%k%) `hvr fh{erts ht nhtkcoe# f{ir{tk aeb %sh{t%hwe

Hdmkfrc~kv% Rh%fhj|atk%Ajktcfae%f{ir{tai%|ktv|kfrc~k%aeb%`hvr%fh{erts%f{ir{tai%

|ktv|kfrc~kv he fktrace gks rh|cfv

Rh bkvftcdk r`k knnkfr hn vcoecfaer f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv he |kh|ik–v

|hcerv%hn%~ckw%ht%afrchev

Rcjk% 3<%jce{rkv

Vrann Hek `hvr fh{erts earcheai |kt vjaii oth{| (vkk Vrk| 6 dkihw#%

\tk|atarche% @hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%rtacektv%wcii%ekkb%rh%tk~ckw%r`k%16%farkohtckv%aeb%

bkvftcdk) ce wtcrceo) r`k `hvr fh{erts ~ckw hn kaf` rh|cf) ce r`k vajk

was r`k Ajktcfae ~ckw av aitkabs dkke bkvftcdkb% R`kvk bkvftc|rchev

v`h{ib dk wtcrrke he a àebh{r aeb |`hrhfh|ckb nht bcvrtcd{rche%Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk%

% Vrk| 4‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%vjaiikt%oth{|v%aeb%avvcoe%kaf`%oth{|%rwh%

ht r`tkk hn r`k farkohtckv rh whtg he%

% Vrk| 6‒ Ce kaf` oth{|) à~k a `hvr fh{erts earcheai |tkvker r`k `hvr

f{ir{tk–v%~ckw%hn%r`k%farkohts

% Vrk| 2‒ Kaf` oth{| v`h{ib r`ke ehrk vcjciatcrckv aeb bcnnktkefkv

dkrwkke kaf` f{ir{tk–v ~ckw% _`ktk r`ktk atk vcoecfaer bcnnktkefkv)

rtacekkv ce r`k oth{| v`h{ib aevwkt r`k nhiihwceo q{kvrche= @hw wcii

|kh|ik%w`h%`hib%r`k%Ajktcfae%~ckw%he%r`cv%rh|cf%vkk%ht%m{bok%r`hvk%

w`h%`hib%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts%~ckw8%Aeb%~cfk%~ktva8

% Vrk| ;‒ Vhjkhek nthj kaf` vjaii oth{| dtcks tk|htrv rh r`k w`hik

oth{| he r`hvk farkohtckv nht w`cf` r`ktk wav a vcoecfaer `hvr fh{erts

earcheai ht Ajktcfae f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk aeb bkvftcdkv `hw kaf` vcbk

wh{ib%vkk%r`k%hr`kt




% Vrk| >‒ Avg kaf` oth{| rh rts rh r`ceg hn ar ikavr hek vcr{arche w`ktk

hek hn r`kct f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv wh{ib fa{vk |thdikjv ht hr`ktwcvk

annkfr r`kct whtg av ^hi{erkktv%

% Vrk| ?‒ Vhjkhek nthj kaf` oth{| bkvftcdkv a vcr{arche bcvf{vvkb

{ebkt%Vrk|%>

\hrkercai Cvv{kv% Rtacekkv%hnrke%fhj|iace%ràr%cr%cv%a%wavrk%hn%rcjk%rh%vr{bs%r`kct%hwe%f{ir{tk) ràr r`ks gehw r`kct hwe f{ir{tk) aeb wàr r`ks ekkb rh ikate

adh{r cv r`k ihfai f{ir{tk% Sh{t tkv|hevk v`h{ib dk ràr r`ks atk tco`r=

r`ks bh cebkkb ekkb rh ikate adh{r r`k ihfai f{ir{tk% Aeb hek hn r`k

jhvr cj|htraer r`ceov r`ks ekkb rh ikate adh{r cr cv `hw r`k ihfai

f{ir{tk%cv%bcnnktker%nthj%Ajktcfae%f{ir{tk%Vh%ràr%cv%w`s%wk%atk%

ihhgceo ar Ajktcfae f{ir{tk%

Ce tkv|hevk rh r`k vrarkjker ràr r`ks aitkabs gehw r`kct hwe f{ir{tk)

sh{%v`h{ib%ehr%ato{k%wcr`%r`kj%(k~ke%r`h{o`%sh{%jas%à~k%sh{t%

bh{drv#% Cr cv dkrrkt rh vas ràr hn fh{tvk r`ks gehw r`kct f{ir{tk d{r wk

atk bhceo a q{cfg tk~ckw% Sh{ fh{ib aivh vas (cn sh{ atk a `hvr fh{erts

earcheai# ràr sh{ r`h{o`r sh{ gekw sh{t f{ir{tk {erci sh{ vratrkbwhtgceo nht r`k \kafk Fht|v (ht {erci sh{ wker adthab#) aeb r`ke sh{

v{bbkeis%vaw%sh{t%f{ir{tk%r`th{o`%nhtkcoe%kskv%aeb%ikatekb%a%ihr%jhtk%

adh{r cr% Cn sh{ atk a ^hi{erkkt) sh{ fh{ib vas ràr sh{ rhh r`h{o`r sh{

gekw [%V% f{ir{tk w`ke sh{ wker adthab) d{r sh{ bcvfh~ktkb a ihr

adh{r Ajktcfae f{ir{tk sh{ wktk ehr awatk hn%

% Aehr`kt%fhj|icfarche%`ktk%cv%ràr%vhjk%rtacekkv%jas%ehr%aotkk%wcr`%

r`k%bkvftc|rche%hn%r k%Ajktcfae%|hvcrche%he%vhjk%hn%r`kvk%rh|cfv%Cn%

r`ks bhe–r aotkk) ikr r`kj wtcrk r`kct hwe bkvftc|rche% R`k jace |hcer

cv%rh%cbkercns%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts%|hvcrche%aeb%r`ke%fhj|atk%cr%wcr`%r k%

Ajktcfae hek) wàrk~kt r`k Ajktcfae hek cv (c%k%) r`k hek ce r`k dhhg

ht%r`k%hek%rtacekkv%ftkark#

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts Fherce{k r`th{o` Vrk| 6 av adh~k% Anrkt r`k oth{| àv cbkerckb

bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke r`k [%V% aeb `hvr fh{erts earcheai |ktv|kfrc~kv he

a |atrcf{iat farkohts) à~k oth{| jkjdktv fhevrt{fr aeb r`ke |tkvker a

v`htr vgcr ràr cii{vrtarkv r`k bcnnktkefkv nht hr`ktv%




4%2‒R`cegceo Adh{r Js Mhd

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv vkvvche v`h{ib dk bhek ce fhem{efrche wcr` aeb heis anrkt bhceo

r`k |tk~ch{v kpktfcvk (4%6#% R`k jace cbka cv rh ihhg ar `hw r`k okektai

aeb vhjkwàr advrtafr f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv cbkerckb ce 4%6 wh{ib annkfrhi{erkktv ce v|kfcf vcr{archev he r`k mhd% F{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv atk ehr

m{vr r`khtkrcfai fhefk|rv rh dk bcvfh~ktkb aeb aeais}kb7 r`ks aivh v`hw

{| ce |kh|ik–v dkà~cht‒w`ktk r`ks hnrke fa{vk jcv{ebktvraebceov

aeb nt{vrtarchev v{f` av r`hvk |tkvkerkb ce r`cv kpktfcvk%

Hdmkfrc~k Rh bkvftcdk vhjk whtg*tkiarkb fhevkq{kefkv hn f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv aeb

wasv%hn%bkaiceo%wcr`%r`kj

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Vrann % Hek%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%nht%kaf`%vjaii%oth{|%hn%rtacekkv%R`k%

|atrcfc|arche hn ar ikavr hek hi{erkkt cv aivh tkfhjjkebkb%

\tk|atarche Tk~ckw r`k ~k cefcbkerv |tkvkerkb ce r`k kpktfcvk aeb bkfcbk w`kr`kt r`kvk ~k vcr{archev wh{ib atcvk ce r`k `hvr f{ir{tk% F`hhvk heis r`hvk

cefcbkerv ràr tkiark rh bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke Ajktcfae aeb r`k |atrcf{iat

`hvr%fh{erts%f{ir{tk%Rtacektv%jas%ekkb%rh%ftkark%abbcrcheai%cefcbkerv%

ràr%atk%a||th|tcark%rh%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts%f{ir{tk%@hvr%fh{erts%earcheaiv%

v`h{ib dk tkabs rh kp|aeb {|he r`k f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk rh `ki| ftkark

r`k%thik%|ias%(vkk%Vrk|%6#


% Vrk| 4‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%vjaii%oth{|v%aeb%avvcoe%kaf`%oth{|%hek%

hn%r`k%cefcbkerv%rh%bcvf{vv%ajheo%r`kjvki~kv%Aivh%avvcoe%hek%`hvr%

fh{erts%earcheai%rh%kaf`%oth{|

% Vrk| 6‒ Rkii rtacekkv ràr anrkt r`ks à~k bcvf{vvkb r`k cefcbker) r`ks

v`h{ib fhevrt{fr a dtckn thik |ias ràr bkjhevrtarkv r`k fhecfr ht

|thdikj rh r`k hr`kt oth{|v% V|kfcfaiis r`ks v`h{ib=

․% Cbkercns%r k%jace%|hcerv%hn%bcnnktkefk

․ Bkrktjcek wàr r`k hi{erkkt cv ohceo rh vas ce r`k thik |ias%

․% Bkrktjcek%wàr%r k%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%cv%ohceo%rh%vas

․% Vkikfr%r`k%|iasktv%aeb%tk`katvk%r k%thik%|ias

% Vrk| 2‒ Kaf` oth{| |tkvkerv crv thik |ias rh r`k hr`kt oth{|v%

% Vrk| ;‒ Anrkt kaf` thik |ias) ikab a dtckn bcvf{vvche {vceo r`k nhiihwceoq{kvrchev=

@hwwkiibhsh{r`cegr`k hi{erkktàebikbr`kvcr{arche8

_àr jco`r sh{ bh bcnnktkeris cn sh{ wktk ce r`cv vcr{arche8

@hw wh{ib sh{ nkki cn sh{ kp|ktckefkb r`cv vcr{arche8




\hrkercai Cvv{kv Rtacekkv jco`r r`ceg r`k vcr{archev atk {etkaicvrcf% Cr cv cj|htraer)

r`ktknhtk) rh a~k ar ikavr hek f{ttker ht tkr{tekb hi{erkkt |tkvker w`h

fae%~ktcns%ràr%r`kvk%r`ceov%bh%à||ke%@hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%rtacektv%

fae%aivh%~ktcns%r`k%rt{r`n{iekvv%hn%r`k%vcr{archev

Rtacekkv jas à~k bcnf{irs fhjceo {| wcr` r`k afr{ai bcaiho{k nht r`k

thik |iasv% Rtacektv v`h{ib r`ceg adh{r r`cv ce ab~aefk aeb dk tkabs rhhnnkt v{ookvrchev cn r`k oth{| cv vr{fg%

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts R`k thik |iasv fae dk iknr h{r hn r`k vkvvche% Rtacekkv fae vcj|is jkkr

aeb%bcvf{vv%wàr%r ks%wh{ib%bh%ce%kaf`%vcr{arche%aeb%r`ke%tk|htr%h{r%

r`kct%v{ookvrchev%rh%r`k%w`hik%oth{|%




4%0‒Ehw _àr8 Bc~ktvcrs Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv

Fherker H~kt~ckw% A%|ktvhe–v%cbkercrs%cv%jhtk%r ae%m{vr%a%|thb{fr%hn% cv%ht% kt%earcheai%

f{ir{tk% Ae Ajktcfae cv Ajktcfae) d{r `k ht v`k cv aivh a jae ht

a whjae) Diafg ht w`crk ht @cv|aecf) vrtaco`r ht oas) \thrkvraer ht

Mkwcv`) 4< skatv hib ht >; skatv hib) vhjkhek wcr` a bcvadcicrs) krf%Kaf` hn {v àv j{irc|ik |atrv rh h{t |ktvheai cbkercrs) aeb bk|kebceo he

wàr r`kvk hr`kt |atrv atk) wk jas à~k rh bkai wcr` ae abbcrcheai vkr hn

abm{vrjkerv w`ke wk ic~k aeb whtg ce aehr`kt f{ir{tk%

R`cv kpktfcvk cbkerckv vk~ktai hn r`kvk av|kfrv hn cbkercrs aeb

cii{vrtarkv hw r`ks fae vhjkrcjkv |hvk |thdikjv nht hi{erkktv%

Hdmkfrc~kv% Rh%cbkercns%av|kfrv%hn%|ktvheai%cbkercrs%ce%abbcrche%rh%earcheai%f{ir{tk

Rh bkvftcdk `hw hr`kt av|kfrv hn |ktvheai cbkercrs fae vhjkrcjkv ftkark

|thdikjv ce aehr`kt f{ir{tk

% Rh%|tk|atk%nht%bkaiceo%wcr`%vhjk%hn%r`kvk%vcr{archev%kcr`kt%ce%hek–v%hwe%

kp|ktckefk ht av a v{||htr rh hr`ktv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Vrann Ar ikavr hek `hvr fh{erts earcheai7 cbkaiis) hek ht jhtk ^hi{erkktv nthj

a jcehtcrs dafgoth{eb%

\tk|atarche Rtacektv wcii |thdadis à~k rh fàeok vhjk hn r`k cefcbkerv rh jagk

r`kj jhtk tkik~aer rh r`k `hvr fh{erts f{ir{tk% Antcfae Ajktcfaev) nht

kpaj|ik) jas ehr nafk r`k |atrcf{iat cvv{k tacvkb ce ’Bh{dr)‚ d{r r`ks

jas nafk hr`ktv% Cn fàeokv wcii dk ekfkvvats) ht r`k rtacekt àv hr`kt

cefcbkerv rh abb) tkwtcrk r`k cefcbkerv aeb à~k r`kj tkabs rh bcvrtcd{rk

av%àebh{rv

Nht Vrk| 4 dkihw) wtcrk he a c|fàtr a icvr hn farkohtckv hn |ktvheai

cbkercrs) cefi{bceo= okebkt) tafk) krècfcrs) tkicoche) vkp{ai htckerarche)

okektarche) |thnkvvche) a |atrcf{iat bcvadcicrs) tkocheai {|dtceoceo

(Ehtr`kavr) Vh{r`) Jcbwkvr#) aeb vh he%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk%r`k%afrc~crs

% Vrk| 4‒ Dknhtk r{teceo rh r`k cefcbkerv) avg kaf` cebc~cb{ai rh jagk a

icvr) nht `cv ht `kt hwe {vk) hn hr`kt |atrv hn `cv ht `kt |ktvheai cbkercrs)

ce abbcrche rh earcheaicrs) ràr atk ~kts cj|htraer rh ràr |ktvhe% V`hw

r`k icvr hn |hvvcdik farkohtckv sh{ à~k jabk {ebkt \tk|atarche adh~k%

Ce~crk rtacekkv rh abb rh r`k icvr cn r`ks icgk% Rtacekkv v`h{ib heis |{r

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tkicoche cv |atr hn `hw r`ks bkek r`kjvki~kv (aeb v`h{ib oh he r`kct

icvr#) w`cik nht hr`ktv cr cv cevcoecfaer (aeb v`h{ibe–r oh he r`k icvr#%

R`k |hcer hn r`cv vrk| hn r`k kpktfcvk cv rh `ki| rtacekkv tkaic}k ràr

k~ktshek dkiheov rh ht cbkerckv wcr` hek ht jhtk v{df{ir{tkv) w`cf`

jas à~k cj|icfarchev nht r`kct \kafk Fht|v vkt~cfk% Ce r`cv was) rtacekkv

w`h jas ehr cbkercns wcr` aes hn r`k v{df{ir{tkv bkvftcdkb ce r`k

cefcbkerv%wcii%vrcii%tkaic}k%ràr%r`ks%jas%nafk%vcjciat%vcr{archev%ce*fh{erts




% Vrk| 6‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%vjaii%oth{|v%aeb%à~k%r`kj%bcvf{vv%

rwh q{kvrchev tkiarkb rh r`k cefcbkerv |tkvkerkb ce r`k kpktfcvk= (1#

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sh{ ab~cvk a nkiihw ^hi{erkkt rh bh ce v{f` a vcr{arche8 R`cv vkfheb

q{kvrche cv cj|htraer) nht cr `ki|v rtacekkv tkaic}k ràr w`kr`kt ht ehr

r`ks wcii |ktvheaiis kefh{erkt v{f` a vcr{arche) r`ks jas vrcii dk adik rh

v{||htr a nkiihw ^hi{erkkt w`h bhkv%

% Vrk| 2‒ Tkfhe~kek r`k oth{|v aeb bcvf{vv r`k cefcbkerv) icvrceo

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|atrcfc|arceo cn r ks atk ehr fhjnhtradik% Ar r`k vajk rcjk) bcvf{vvchev

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wàr kprker8

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cbkercns r`hvk |iafkv w`ktk r`ktk cv a fhjj{ecfarche dtkagbhwe ht a

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dkick~adik%




6%4‒Vrsikv hn Fhjj{ecfarche= Cebctkfr aeb Bctkfr

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hn fhjj{ecfarceo% Okektaiis Ajktcfaev (r`h{o` ehr k~kts hi{erkkt#

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hdvkt~archev fae dk abbkb=

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vkfrche 6%4% Sh{ fae v{||ikjker r`cv wcr` abbcrcheai hdvkt~archev nthj

r`k h~kt~ckw adh~k%

% Vrk| 4‒ Avg rtacekkv rh fhj|ikrk r`k kpktfcvk av bkvftcdkb ce vkfrche 6%4%

% Vrk| 6‒ Oh h~kt r`k kpktfcvk aeb vhicfcr aevwktv%

% Vrk| 2‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%rwh%oth{|v%aeb%avvcoe%kaf`%oth{|%rke%hn%

r`k crkjv nthj r`k icvr% Nht kaf` crkj) r`k oth{| j{vr bkfcbk w`kr`kt

r`cv%fàtafrktcvrcf%cv%okektaiis%rt{k%hn%Ajktcfaev%aeb%hn%`hvr%fh{erts%

earcheaiv%R ks%v`h{ib%wtcrk%ae%A%(nht%Ajktcfae#%aebht%ae%@F%(nht%

`hvr fh{erts# ekpr rh kaf` crkj ràr cv ~aicb nht ràr oth{|%

% Vrk| ;‒ Tkfhe~kek r`k rwh oth{|v aeb avg r`kj rh oc~k r`kct tkv{irv%

[vk r`k ^hi{erkkt aeb aes `hvr fh{erts earcheai rtacektv rh ~ktcns ht

bcvaotkk wcr` r`k fhefi{vchev tkaf`kb ds rtacekkv%

\hrkercai Cvv{kv R`k 4< vrarkjkerv atk aii |tkvkerkb h{r hn fherkpr% Rtacekkv jas

vas ràr w`kr`kt a |ktvhe dkà~kv ce a fktrace was bk|kebv jhtk he

r`k vcr{arche) ehr w`kr`kt r`k |ktvhe fhjkv nthj a bctkfr ht cebctkfr

f{ir{tk% R`cv cv rt{k aeb sh{ v`h{ib ehr ato{k wcr` r`cv |hcer% Cevrkab)

|hcer h{r ràr ce r cv kpktfcvk sh{ atk heis rtsceo rh bkek r`k rwh

kprtkjkv hn r`k fhjj{ecfarche fherce{{j aeb rtsceo ehr rh r`ceg hn

v|kfcf vcr{archev% Aotkk wcr` r`k rtacekk ràr fherkpr ht r`k v|kfcf

vcr{arche jagk aii r`k bcnnktkefk) aeb m{vr ehrk ràr sh{ wcii ihhg ar

fherkpr ce hr`kt kpktfcvkv ce r`cv fà|rkt) anrkt bkeceo r`kvk rwh jace

farkohtckv

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts \tkvker r`k bkecrchev hn r`k rwh vrsikv) {vceo r`k fàtr sh{ jabk

ce \tk|atarche adh~k% R`ke bc~cbk rtacekkv cerh oth{|v aeb avg r`kj

rh bcvf{vv aeb icvr kpaj|ikv hn kcr`kt vrsik hn fhjj{ecfarche r`ks

à~k hdvkt~kb r`{v nat ce fh{erts% R`ks v`h{ib r`ceg dhr` adh{r wàr

r`ks a~k hdvkt~kb ce `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv aeb ce Ajktcfaev% R`ke

tkfhe~kek%r`k%oth{|v%aeb%icvr%r`kct%tkv|hevkv




6%2‒F{ir{tk aeb Fhjj{ecfarche Vrsikv=

Ajktcfae aeb @hvr Fh{erts ^ckwv Fhj|atkb

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk avgv rtacekkv rh fhevcbkt nh{t bcjkevchev hn

fhjj{ecfarche%aeb%fàtafrktc}k%Ajktcfae%f{ir{tk%affhtbceo%rh%r`kvk%nh{t bcjkevchev% Rwh hn r`k bcjkevchev) Bkotkk hn Bctkfrekvv aeb

r`k Thik hn Fherkpr) à~k aitkabs dkke kp|iacekb ce vhjk bkraci ce r`k

Fherker H~kt~ckw vkfrche hn kpktfcvk 6%4%

R`k hr`kt rwh) r`k Cj|htraefk hn Nafk aeb r`k Ravg ht r`k \ktvhe)

atk bkvftcdkb ce r`k certhb{frche rh vkfrche 6%2 ce r`k whtgdhhg% R`k

nhiihwceo abbcrcheai hdvkt~archev jas dk ki|n{i rh rtacektv=

% R`k Cj|htraefk hn Nafk=%R`k%fhefk|r%hn%nafk%àv%cj|htraer%

cj|icfarchev nht `hw |kh|ik fhjj{ecfark% ’Nafk‚ tknktv rh r`k bcoecrs

hn r`k cebc~cb{ai ht r`k tkoatb ce w`cf` hek |ktvhe cv `kib ds hr`ktv%

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|{dicfis jacerace r`kct bcoecrs aeb ehr dk v ajkb%

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bk|kebceo he w`kr`kt r`k ohai cv |tcjatcis rh okr r`k mhd bhek ht

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waer rh okr r`k mhd bhek% @hwk~kt) f{ir{tkv ràr nhf{v he r`k |ktvhe

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hn |tkvkt~ceo r`k tkiarchev`c|% Ravg*htckerkb f{ir{tkv) he r`k hr`kt àeb)

whtts vhjkwàr adh{r gkk|ceo k~ktshek a||s) d{r r`k dhrrhj icek

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% Rh%fhj|atk%aeb%fhertavr%Ajktcfae%aeb%`hvr%fh{erts%vrsikv%hn%fhjj{ecfarche

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Rcjk% 3<%jce{rkv

Vrann Hek `hvr fh{erts earcheai aeb hek ^hi{erkkt




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r`k%[ecrkb%Vrarkv%aeb%r k%`hvr%f{ir{tk%he%kaf`%fherce{{j%({vceo%r`k%

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keh{o` nht rtacekkv rh vkk% Va~k r`cv c|fàtr nht {vk b{tceo Vrk| ;%

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r`k dafg hn r`k thhj#% Sh{ bhe–r ekkb rh wtcrk r`k rkpr ràr a||katv

{ebkt%r`kvk%whtbv

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk) kp|iaceceo ràr rtacekkv wcii ihhg ar

nh{t bcjkevchev hn fhjj{ecfarche aeb r`ceg adh{r Ajktcfae f{ir{tk)

r`k `hvr f{ir{tk) aeb r`k rtacekk–v hwe |ktvheai ~ckw tkoatbceo r`kvk

nh{t%cvv{kv%

% Vrk| 4‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%oth{|v%aeb%rkii%r`kj%ràr%av%a%oth{|%

r`ks ekkb rh aotkk he w`ktk rh |{r r`kct jatg he r`k fherce{{j nht

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w`hik

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jatgkb r`k [ecrkb Vrarkv aeb r`k `hvr f{ir{tk%

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․ R`k jatgv cebcfark `hw r kvk |kh|ik vkk r`k whtib%

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ear{tai) ehtjai) tco`r) aeb ohhb%




․ R`k jatgv cebcfark `hw r kvk |kh|ik avv{jk k~ktshek r`cegv

adh{r r`kvk cvv{kv%

․ R`k jatgv v{ookvr r`k |ktv|kfrc~k nthj w`cf` r`kvk |kh|ik

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jce{rkv rh aevwkt r`k nhiihwceo q{kvrchev=

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afthvv rh r`kvk |kh|ik8 Aeb ~cfk ~ktva8

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cr–v affk|radik rh jagk okektaic}archev av iheo av sh{ {vk r`kj ~kts

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cvv{k%Z

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hek vcbk hn hek fherce{{j aeb r`k hr`kt jkjdkt r`k hr`kt vcbk% Avg r`k

rwh rtacekkv (ht rwh rkajv# rh r`ceg hn a v|kfcf vcr{arche ce w`cf` r`k

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dtckn thik |ias ht vgcr rh cii{vrtark r`cv bcnnktkefk% Tkfhe~kek r`k w`hik

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6%;‒Ehe~ktdai Fhjj{ecfarche=

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cerkt|tkr r`k ^hi{erkktv– ehe~ktdai dkà~cht‒r`ks ekkb rh ikate r`kjkaeceov hn ~atch{v ehe~ktdai dkà~chtv ce r`k ihfai f{ir{tk%

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ehtjv nht kaf`% Cr dkocev wcr` okvr{tkv) avgceo rtacekkv rh hdvkt~k

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hdvkt~k ihfai ehtjv nht jaceraceceo ksk fherafr) vh ràr r`ks fae

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aivh hdvkt~k hr`kt av|kfrv hn wàr cv faiikb fhe~ktvarcheai vrsik%

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bkvftcdk kikjkerv hn ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche aeb r`k thikehe~ktdai jkvvaokv |ias ce fhe~ksceo jkaeceo

% Rh%bcvf{vv%`hw%f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%fae%ikab%rh%jcv{ebktvraebceov%aeb%

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% Rh%cbkercns%ihfai%f{ir{tai%ehtjv%nht%ar%ikavr%r`tkk%farkohtckv%hn%

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Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Vrann % Hek%ht%jhtk%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk%r`k%vkvvche%{vceo%r`k%|hcerv%jabk%ce%r`k%h~kt~ckw%

adh~k% Bkjhevrtark hw kavs cr cv rh jcvcerkt|tkr ehe~ktdai dkà~cht%[vk ae kpaj|ik hn a okvr{tk ràr jkaev hek r`ceo ce [%V% f{ir{tk aeb

vhjkr`ceo ~kts bcnnktker ce r`k ihfai f{ir{tk% Kp|iace ràr cr cv cj|htraer

rh ikate r`k jkaeceov hn ehe~ktdai dkà~chtv ce htbkt rh fhttkfris

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’vas‚ r`ceov ehe~ktdaiis ce r`k ihfai f{ir{tk%

% Vrk| 4‒ Dtcks tk~ckw r`k r`tkk |atrv hn r`k kpktfcvk aeb kp|iace wàr

^hi{erkktv v`h{ib dk ihhgceo nht%




% Vrk| 6‒ Bc~cbk%r`k%rtacekkv%cerh%r`tkk%oth{|v%aeb%avvcoe%kaf`%oth{|%a%

farkohts% Avg rtacekkv rh oh h{r aeb jagk r`k ekfkvvats hdvkt~archev%

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r`kct hdvkt~archev%

% Vrk| 2‒ _`ke r`k oth{| tkfhe~kekv) vhicfcr r`kct aevwktv nht r`k r`tkk

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nht r`cv |{t|hvk%# @a~k a `hvr fh{erts earcheai a~aciadik rh fhjjker av

ekfkvvats%aeb%rh%bkjhevrtark%r`k%~atch{v%`hvr%fh{erts%ehtjv

% Vrk| ;‒ Avg rtacekkv cn r`ks à~k àb aes |ktvheai kp|ktckefkv wcr`

ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche |thdikjv r`{v nat ce*fh{erts%

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Ce r`k dkoceeceo) rtacekkv wcii ehr dk adik rh vkk vhjk rs|kv hn

ehe~ktdai kp|tkvvche7 ràr cv) r`ks wcii heis dk adik rh vkk r`ceov

ràr atk aivh nhtjv hn ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche ce r`kct hwe f{ir{tk

(w`kr`kt ht ehr r`ks jkae r`k vajk r`ceo#% A rtacekk wcii ehr dk adik rh

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jkaeceon{i dkà~cht ce [%V% f{ir{tk%




6%>‒Bcaiho{kv

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vkkv eh |thdikj he r`k tvr tkabceo) eh jcv{ebktvraebceo ht

jcvfhjj{ecfarche% Cr cv heis anrkt tkabceo dkrwkke r`k icekv aebvr{bsceo%r`k%bcaiho{k%jhtk%fihvkis%ràr%r`k%tkabkt%vhjkrcjkv%vkkv%

a |thdikj% R`k bcaiho{kv atk wtcrrke rh vcj{iark ear{tai kpfàeokv

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hr`kt% R`cv cv) anrkt aii) `hw rwh |kh|ik nthj bcnnktker f{ir{tkv hnrke

r`ceg w`ke r`ks atk à~ceo a fhe~ktvarche= kaf` v|kagkt cv q{crk v{tk

ràr%`kv`k%àv%{ebktvrhhb%r`k%hr`kt%|ktvhe

Vhjkrcjkv r`cv cv rt{k) hn fh{tvk) d{r ce jaes favkv dhr` v|kagktv)

dkfa{vk hn f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv) à~k jcvcerkt|tkrkb kaf` hr kt

aeb bh ehr tkaic}k cr% Ce jhvr hn r`kvk bcaiho{kv) r`k hi{erkkt àv

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v|kagktv aeb cebctkfr`co` fherkpr v|kagktv% R`k |atrcf{iat bcnnktkefkv

btajarc}kb ce r`cv vkvvche à~k aitkabs dkke aeais}kb ce r`k r`tkk

|tkfkbceo kpktfcvkv ce r`cv Rtacekt–v O{cbk

Hdmkfrc~k Rh bkrkfr ~atch{v rkfècq{kv hn cebctkfr fhjj{ecfarche

% Rh%avvkvv%r`k%jkaeceo%hn%cebctkfr%fhjj{ecfarche%ce%htbkt%rh%a~hcb%

fthvv*f{ir{tai%jcv{ebktvraebceov

Rcjk% 2;%jce{rkv

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k bcaiho{kv fhefk|r (cn r`cv cv r`k tvr rcjk sh{à~k bhek hek hn r`kvk kpktfcvkv#% Jagk r`k nhiihwceo |hcerv=

․ Kaf` bcaiho{k cii{vrtarkv a f{ir{tai ’jcvragk)‚ ràr cv) a

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ce%fhjj{ecfarche%thhrkb%ce%hek%ht%jhtk%f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%

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․ R`k jcvragk wcii ehr dk hd~ch{v) d{r cr cv r`ktk cn sh{ fae eb cr%

․ F{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv atk ehr r`k heis kp|iaearche nht wàr ohkv

wtheo ce r`k bcaiho{k) d{r r`ks atk aiwasv a |hvvcdik kp|iaearche%

% Vrk| 4‒ Tkab%aeb%bcvf{vv%hek%hn%r`k%bcaiho{kv%rhokr`kt%wcr`%r`k%oth{|%

av a jhbki hn `hw r`k bcaiho{kv fherace kpaj|ikv hn jcv{ebktvraebceo

b{k%rh%fthvv*f{ir{tai%fhjj{ecfarche%

% Vrk| 6‒ Bc~cbk rtacekkv cerh vjaii oth{|v aeb avg r`kj rh aeais}k r`k

bcaiho{kv aeb eb r`k jcvragk ht jcv{ebktvraebceo%




% Vrk| 2‒ Tkfhe~kek%r`k%oth{|v%aeb%bcvf{vv%kaf`%bcaiho{k%Aiwasv%

dkoce ds avvcoeceo rwh |kh|ik rh tkab r`k icekv hn r`k rwh v|kagktv%

R`ke ikab a bcvf{vvche adh{r wàr wav ohceo he ce r`k bcaiho{k%

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dkihw=

% Q{cfgRtc|= _`s bhkv r`k ^hi{erkkt r`ceg r`ceov wker wkii8 (Aevwkt=Dkfa{vk r`ks v`hwkb `cj ht `kt r`k w`hik fh*h| aeb wktk |thdadis

|hicrk aeb ntckebis%# _àr cv r`k vcoecfaefk hn r`k `hvr fh{erts

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vasceo wàr {v{aiis à||kev ce r`kvk vcr{archev) wàr wk à~k faiikb

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bhkv cr jkae ràr r`k ^hi{erkkt wav ce aeb h{r ce heis 6< jce{rkv8

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|thdadis ehr cerktkvrkb%# _àr bhkv cr jkae r ar r`k hi{erkkt wav rhib

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r`k ^hi{erkkt jco`r ihvk nafk%# _àr wav r`k jcvragk r`k ^hi{erkkt

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% Rtaevnkt= _`ktk cv r`k tvr cebcfarche r`k ^hi{erkkt cv ehr ohceo rh

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r`ks à~k dkke ce%




6%0‒\tafrcfceo Cebctkfrekvv

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r`kj bhwe% Dtceo k~ktshek rhokr`kt aeb vhicfcr r`k tkv{irv hn r`kct

hdvkt~archev%




2%4‒Fhefk|r hn \hwkt aeb 2%2‒Bcaiho{kv

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kpktfcvkb% R`k rwh |hikv hn r`cv ehrche) `co` aeb ihw |hwkt bcvraefk

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kprtkjkv

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Rcjk 1 `h{t (rh fhj|ikrk dhr` kpktfcvkv#

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% @co` \hwkt Bcvraefk= [ekq{ai bcvrtcd{rche hn |hwkt affk|radik7

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% Vrk| 6‒ Oh%h~kt%r`kct%aevwktv

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2%0‒R`k Vh{tfk hn Vrar{v= Af`ck~kb ht Avftcdkb

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hek

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Rcjk% 1%`h{t

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f{ir{tk%# _`s bhkv r`k ^hi{erkkt ehr waer `cv`kt vr{bkerv rh vraeb8




(Aevwkt= Ajktcfaev atk {efhjnhtradik wcr` r`k cbka hn taeg) kv|kfcaiis

ràr `co`kt taegceo |kh|ik v`h{ib okr v|kfcai rtkarjker) av cn r`ks

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aeb nkki r`ks à~k katekb r`k tco`r rh dk bcvrceo{cv`kb nthj r`hvk w`h

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2%3‒_htg|iafk âi{kv aeb Ehtjv=

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Rh bk~kih| a fhiikfrche hn vrtarkockv nht kvradicv`ceo ftkbcdcicrs) aeb

oaceceo rt{vr aeb affk|raefk ce r`k whtg|iafk

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Vrann \atrcfc|arche hn hek `hvr fh{erts earcheai aeb hek ^hi{erkkt cv

tkfhjjkebkb

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk aeb kp|iace r`k |{t|hvk hn r`k kpktfcvk%

% Vrk| 4‒ Avg rtacekkv rh fhj|ikrk \atr Hek hn r`k kpktfcvk he r`kct hwe)

av kp|iacekb ce r`k whtgdhhg%

% Vrk| 6‒ Oh%h~kt%r`k%1;%crkjv%aeb%vhicfcr%rtacekk%aevwktv

% Vrk| 2‒ Avg dhr` r`k ^hi{erkkt aeb r`k `hvr fh{erts earcheai cn) ce r`kct

kp|ktckefk) r`k aevwkt rh jhvr hn r`k 1; q{kvrchev wh{ib dk Skv%

% Vrk| ;‒ Bc~cbk rtacekkv cerh oth{|v aeb avg kaf` oth{| rh fhjk {|

wcr` v{ookvrchev he `hw r`ks fae kvradicv` ftkbcdcicrs ar r`k whtg|iafk

aeb `hw r`ks fae oace r`k rt{vr aeb affk|raefk hn fh*whtgktv% Ar r`k

vajk rcjk) avg r`k hi{erkkt aeb hvr fh{erts earcheai rh fhjk {| wcr`

r`kct hwe aevwktv rh r`kvk q{kvrchev%

% Vrk| >‒ Tkfhe~kek%r`k%oth{|v%aeb%icvr%r`kct%v{ookvrchev%he%a%

c|fàtr% Avg r`k ^hi{erkkt aeb `hvr fh{erts earcheai rh aivh oc~k r`kct

v{ookvrchev

% Vrk| ?‒ Fhefi{bk ds ohceo h~kt r`k icvr hn |hvcrc~k nafrhtv ar r`k keb hn

\atr%Rwh




\hrkercai Cvv{kv Rts rh kev{tk ràr rtacekkv bh ehr dkfhjk bcvfh{taokb ds r`cv kpktfcvk%

_`cik cr jas dk rt{k ràr hi{erkktv whe–r a~k j{f` ftkbcdcicrs ce

r`k dkoceeceo hn r`kct rh{t) ràr wcii k~ker{aiis fàeok av r`ks dkfhjk

gehwe aeb affk|rkb% R`k |hcer hn r`k kpktfcvk cv ehr rh v`hw `hw àtb

cr cv rh dkfhjk affk|rkb) d{r ràr affk|raefk wcii fhjk otab{aiis aeb

ehr dk a{rhjarcf%

\hcer h{r ràr r`k vajk cv rt{k w`ke sh{ vratr a ekw mhd ce sh{t hwe

f{ir{tk) ràr r`cv rtaevcrche cv a ehtjai |thfkvv (w`cf` jas ragk iheokt

ràe {v{ai) `hwk~kt) dkfa{vk sh{ atk nthj aehr`kt fh{erts#%

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts Rtacekkv fae bh \atr Hek hn r`cv kpktfcvk he r`kct hwe aeb r`ke

cerkt~ckw `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv aeb ^hi{erkktv adh{r `hw sh{ wce

affk|raefk aeb ftkbcdcicrs he r`k mhd% Rtacekkv r`ke fhjk rhokr`kt nht

r`cv kpktfcvk aeb |tkvker a icvr hn r`k v{ookvrchev r`ks oar`ktkb r`th{o`

r`kct%cerkt~ckwv

Aehr`kt |hvvcdcicrs= Avg rtacekkv rh fihvk r`kct kskv w`cik a rtacekt

tkabv aih{b r`k rkpr {ebkt \atr Hek (’Cjaocek sh{ whtg%%%%‚#) {erci r`k

dkoceeceo hn r`k Skv ht Eh q{kvrchev% R`ke à~k r`k oth{| h|ke r`kct kskv aeb q{cfgis aevwkt r`k 1; q{kvrchev%




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C^= R`k Ihf{v hn Fherthi

Kpktfcvk C %4= Afrc~cvj aeb Naraicvj

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk kpajcekv r`k q{kvrche hn rh wàr kprker |kh|ik atk ce

fherthi hn‒aeb r`ktknhtk {ircjarkis tkv|hevcdik nht‒r`kct ic~kv% Ceafrc~cvr f{ir{tkv (cerkteai ihf{v hn fherthi#) |kh|ik dkick~k r`ks atk

tkv|hevcdik nht wàr à||kev rh r`kj ce icnk) ràr r`ks và|k r`kct

hwe bkvrces) aeb ràr `{jae cerkt~kerche fae aiwasv dk v{ffkvvn{i ce

fàeoceo ae {eaffk|radik vcr{arche% R`ktk atk eh icjcrv rh wàr sh{ fae

bh cn sh{ atk wciiceo rh jagk r`k knnhtr%

Ce naraicvr f{ir{tkv (kprkteai ihf{v hn fherthi#) |kh|ik dkick~k r`ks atk

heis ce |atr tkv|hevcdik nht r`kct ic~kv% Vhjk r`ceov ick h{rvcbk hn

aeb bh ehr tkv|heb rh `{jae cerkt~kerche) aeb r`ktknhtk) à~k rh dk

affk|rkb%R`ktk%atk%icjcrv%rh%wàr%|kh|ik%fae%bh%eh%jarrkt%`hw%j{f`%

knnhtr r`ks atk wciiceo rh jagk%

N{ebajkeraiv C^) vkfrche C^%4 hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv fheracev r`k bkecrche

hn r`k rwh h{rihhgv% R`k rtacekt cv kefh{taokb rh fhj|ikrk r`k hr`kt

kpktfcvkv ce r`cv N{ebajkerai dknhtk |tkvkerceo r`cv kpktfcvk%

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bkek afrc~cvr aeb naraicvr whtib ~ckwv

Rh tkfhoec}k dkà~chtv rs|cfai hn |kh|ik nthj afrc~cvr aeb naraicvr f{ir{tkv

Rh bkvftcdk hw afrc~cvrv aeb naraicvrv jco`r ~ckw kaf` hr`kt

Rcjk% 2;%jce{rkv

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k fhefk|r hn cerkteai aeb kprkteai ihf{v hn fherthi%

% Vrk| 4‒ Avg rtacekkv rh fhj|ikrk r`k kpktfcvk av cevrt{frkb ce vkfrche

C^%4%

% Vrk| 6‒ Oh h~kt r`k kpktfcvk) f`kfgceo r`kct aevwktv%

% Vrk| 2‒ Ikab a bcvf{vvche hn r`cv fhefk|r) {vceo r`k nhiihwceo q{kvrchev=

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_àrwh{ibnaraicvrvr`ceghnafrc~cvrv8

@a~k sh{ vkke aes kpaj|ikv hn afrc~cvrnaraicvr dkà~chtv ce sh{t

`hvr najcis8

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\hrkercai Cvv{kv% Vkk%bcvf{vvche%{ebkt%|tk~ch{v%N{ebajkeraiv




;%1‒Bkat Mae

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`k Bkat Mae ikrrkt certhb{fkv vk~ktai cj|htraer |hcerv fhefkteceo `hw

|kh|ik ce bcnnktker f{ir{tkv ~ckw ~atch{v vhfcai tkiarchev`c|v) kv|kfcaiis

ntckebv`c| (d{r aivh najcis tkiarchev ce hek cevraefk#% Jhvr hn r`kf{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce~hi~kb fae dk rtafkb rh bcnnktker arrcr{bkv rhwatbv

rwh%hn%r`k%N{ebajkeraiv%|tkvkerkb%ce%F{ir{tk Jarrktv=%R`k%Fhefk|r%hn%

r`k Vkin aeb \ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev%

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bcvf{vv f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv tkiarkb rh vhfcai tkiarchev`c|v) kv|kfcaiis

ntckebv`c|

Rh cbkercns ihfai f{ir{tai kp|kfrarchev hn ntckebv aeb ntckebv`c|

Rcjk% 6<%jce{rkv

\tk|atarche Rtacektv v`h{ib dk najcicat wcr` r`k N{ebajkeraiv bkaiceo wcr` R`k

Fhefk|r hn r`k Vkin aeb \ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev dknhtk bhceo

r`k kpktfcvkv ce r`cv fà|rkt% Rtacektv v`h{ib aivh dk najcicat wcr` r`k’{ecr hn v{t~c~ai‚ fhefk|r) w`cf` cv bcvf{vvkb ce r`k Fherker H~kt~ckw

nht kpktfcvk ;%4%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk dtcks) av v{ookvrkb adh~k%

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fhefkteceo%tkiarchev`c|v%R`ktk%atk%nh{t%jace%bcnnktkefkv%cii{vrtarkb%ce%r`k%

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% Vrk| 6‒ Ikab%a%bcvf{vvche%hn%r`k%cefcbkerv%av%rtacekkv%cbkercns%kaf`%hek%

({vceo r`k nhiihwceo q{kvrchev cn sh{ wcv`#=

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f{ir{tk%#Bhsh{r`cegOa~ce–vntckebr`cegv`cvtkq{kvrhnOa~ce

cv{e{v{aihtwciidkbcnf{irnhtOa~cerhaotkkrh8(Aevwkt=

\thdadis ehr%# _`s ehr8 (Aevwkt= Dkfa{vk ntckebv a||atkeris bh

r`cv nht ntckebv ce r`cv f{ir{tk%# _àr bhkv r`cv rkii sh{ adh{r r`k

kp|kfrarchev hn ntckebv`c| ce bcnnktker f{ir{tkv8

\ataota|` 6= _`s bcbe–r Oa~ce rkii `cv ntckeb adh{r r`k bkar` hn

`cv otaebjhr`kt8 (Aevwkt= \ktà|v dkfa{vk ce Oa~ce–v f{ir{tk

jkjdktv hn r`k kprkebkb najcis bhe–r |ias v{f` ae cj|htraer thik

ce r`k icnk hn r`k e{fikat najcis%# _`s cv `cv ntckeb `{tr8 (Aevwkt=

Dkfa{vk|ktà|vcer`kntckeb–vf{ir{tk)jkjdktvhnr`kkprkebkb najcisatkm{vricgkjkjdktvhnr ke{fikatnajcis)|iasceogks

thikv ce k~ktsbas icnk%#

\ataota|` 2=_`sbhsh{r`cegr`kwhjaewavoheknht

nh{t basv8 (Aevwkt= Dkfa{vk fh{vcev aeb hr`kt jkjdktv hn

r`k kprkebkb najcis jas dk ~kts fihvk rh kaf` hr`kt ce jhtk

fhiikfrc~cvr f{ir{tkv%#




\ataota|` ;=_àrcvr`kjcvragkOa~cejagkvceaeais}ceor`cv

tkiarchev`c|8 (Aevwkt= @k cerkt|tkrv `cv octintckeb–v dkà~cht

affhtbceorhwàrcrwh{ibjkaece`cvf{ir{tk)ehr`ktv%#

\hrkercai Cvv{kv% Vhjk%rtacekkv%jas%cbkercns%jhtk%fihvkis%wcr`%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%

dkà~cht ràe wcr` Oa~ce–v% Cn r`ks bh) sh{ fae m{vr vas ràr Oa~ce jas

ehr dk icgk aii Ajktcfaev) d{r `k cv fktraceis icgk vhjk%




;%4‒R`k Fctfik hn Tkiarchev

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk kpajcekv f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce r`k `cktatf`s hn najcicai)

vhfcai) aeb |thnkvvcheai tkiarchev`c|v ràr |kh|ik kvradicv` ce r`kct ic~kv%

Bk|kebceo he w`ktk ~atch{v rs|kv hn |kh|ik r cerh sh{t cktatf`s)sh{ wcii rtkar r`kj bcnnktkeris7 ràr cv) sh{ wcii nkki fktrace b{rckv aeb

tkv|hevcdcicrckv rhwatb v{f` |kh|ik aeb kp|kfr tkfc|thfai rtkarjker

nthj%r`kj%

Ce r`cv tkoatb) rtacektv v`h{ib dk awatk hn r`k fhefk|r gehwe av

r`k vjaiikvr {ecr hn v{t~c~ai% _`ktk ~atch{v cebc~cb{aiv r cerh r`k

`cktatf`s hn tkiarchev`c|v ce a f{ir{tk) nthj ~kts bcvraer rh ~kts fihvk)

bk|kebv%ce%|atr%he%w ar%r`k%vjaiikvr%{ecr%hn%v{t~c~ai%cv%ce%ràr%f{ir{tk%

Ce vhjk f{ir{tkv) r`k vjaiikvr {ecr hn v{t~c~ai cv r`k vkin7 r`k cebc~cb{ai

fae%v{t~c~k%he%`cv%ht%`kt%hwe%(anrkt%tkaf`ceo%jar{tcrs#%aeb%ekkb%ehr%

bk|keb he aeshek kivk% Ce v{f` f{ir{tkv) |kh|ik f`hhvk rh bk~kih|

tkiarchev h{rvcbk r`k vkin) d{r r`ks atk ehr ekfkvvatcis fhj|kiikb rh ds

fctf{jvraefkv%

Ce hr`kt f{ir{tkv) r`k e{fikat najcis cv r`k vjaiikvr {ecr hn v{t~c~ai7

|atkerv aeb r kct f cibtke nhtj a {ecr h{rvcbk hn w`cf` cr cv ehr |hvvcdik

nht cebc~cb{ai jkjdktv rh v{t~c~k nht aes kprkebkb |ktchb% Ce vrcii hr`kt

f{ir{tkv) r`k kprkebkb najcis cv r`k vjaiikvr {ecr7 ce r`kvk favkv) k~ke r`k

e{fikat najcis cv ehr a ~cadik kercrs ràr fae kerctkis v{||htr crvkin wcr`h{r

abbcrcheai `ki|) v{f` av nthj otaeb|atkerv ht a{erv aeb {efikv% Nceaiis)

r`ktk jas k~ke dk vhfckrckv ce w`cf` r`k fiae) a fhiikfrche hn kprkebkb

najcickv) cv r`k vjaiikvr {ecr) r`h{o` v{f` f{ir{tkv wh{ib dk ~kts tatk%

[vceo r`kvk nh{t farkohtckv fae dk `ki|n{i ce {ebktvraebceo f{ir{tai

bcnnktkefkv%ce%r`k%fctfik%hn%tkiarchev

Hdmkfrc~kv% Rh%cbkercns%f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%ce%`hw%Ajktcfaev%aeb%`hvr%fh{erts%

earcheaiv r`ceg adh{r r`kct tkiarchev wcr` ~atch{v |kh|ik ce r`kct ic~kv

Rh bcvf{vv cj|icfarchev hn r`kvk bcnnktkefkv nht ^hi{erkktv ic~ceo aeb

whtgceo ce r`k `hvr fh{erts

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Vrann \atrcfc|arche hn hek `hvr fh{erts earcheai aeb hek ^hi{erkkt cv

tkfhjjkebkb

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(av%a%oth{|#%aeb%fhj|ikrk%r`k%fctfik%hn%tkiarchev%bcaotaj%nthj%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts |ktv|kfrc~k% \tkvker r`cv bcaotaj he a c|fàtr ce Vrk| 2 dkihw%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Certhb{fk r`k afrc~crs% Dtcks v{jjatc}k r`k vjaiikvr {ecr hn

v{t~c~ai fhefk|r aeb r`k nh{t farkohtckv bkvftcdkb adh~k%

% Vrk| 4‒ Bc~cbk rtacekkv cerh rwh ht r`tkk oth{|v aeb avg kaf` oth{|

rh%bcvf{vv%r`k%farkohtckv%hn%|kh|ik%aeb%bkfcbk%w`ktk%rh%|iafk%r`kj%ce%

r`k fctfikv% Oc~k kaf` oth{| a |ckfk hn c|fàtr |a|kt aeb avg r`kj rh

tkfhtb%r`kct%fhefi{vchev%ce%a%fctfik%hn%tkiarchev%he%r k%|a|kt




% Vrk| 6‒ Tkfhe~kek%r`k%oth{|v%aeb%à~k%kaf`%oth{|%|tkvker%r`kct%fctfik%

_`ktk r`ktk atk bcnnktkefkv dkrwkke r`k oth{|v) avg nht kp|iaearchev%

% Vrk| 2‒ Ehw tk~kai r`k fctfik btawe ds `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv {ebkt

\tk|atarche adh~k% Ehrk aes bcnnktkefkv aeb ikab a bcvf{vvche {vceo r`k

nhiihwceo q{kvrchev=

_`s bh Ajktcfae aeb `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv |{r (rs|k hn |ktvhe#fihvkt rh ht n{tr`kt nthj r`k fkerkt8

_àr bhkv cr jkae ràr Ajktcfaev |{r (rs|k hn |ktvhe# n{tr`kt

awas nthj r`k fkerkt ràe `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv8

_àr bhkv cr jkae nht a ^hi{erkkt cn a `hvr fh{erts earcheai

ntckeb ht fhiikao{k |{rv `cj ht `kt fihvkt rh r`k fkerkt ràe ràr

^hi{erkkt |{rv ràr `hvr fh{erts earcheai8

_àr bhkv cr jkae nht a `hvr fh{erts earcheai cn `k ht v`k |{rv

a ^hi{erkkt ntckeb ht fhiikao{k fihvkt rh r`k fkerkt ràe ràr

^hi{erkkt |{rv r`k `hvr fh{erts earcheai8

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Rtacekkv jas à~k rth{dik aotkkceo ce r`kct oth{|v w`ktk rh |{r r`k

~atch{v farkohtckv hn |kh|ik% Vhjk rtacekkv) nht kpaj|ik) jco`r |{r

r`kct otaeb|atkerv fihvkt rh r`k fkerkt ràe hr`kt hi{erkktv% Kefh{taok

r`k%oth{|v%rh%tkaf`%fhevkev{v%he%av%jaes%hn%r`k%rs|kv%hn%|kh|ik%av%

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ce jhtk ràe hek fctfik% Cn r`ktk cv okektai bcvaotkkjker) r`ke ikr

rtacekkv jagk r`kct hwe) cebc~cb{ai fctfikv) aeb fhj|atk r`kj rh r`k

`hvr%fh{erts%earcheai%fctfik%|tkvkerkb%ce%Vrk|%2

Airktearc~k%Bkic~kts @a~k k~kts rtacekk jagk `cv`kt hwe cebc~cb{ai fctfik aeb r`ke fhj|atk

cr wcr` r`k okektcf `hvr fh{erts earcheai fctfik jabk ds r`k rtacektv%




;%6‒T{ikv hn r`k @h{vk= Cerktafrceo wcr` a @hvr Fh{erts Najcis

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv vkvvche ràr cbkerckv vk~ktai cj|htraer f{ir{tai bh–v aeb bhe–rv nht

ic~ceo%wcr`%a%`hvr%najcis

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh nhtj{iark fikat o{cbkicekv nht hvr f{ir{tk najcis krcq{krrk

Rh tkb{fk r`k |hrkercai nht jagceo f{ir{taiis hnnkevc~k jcvragkv ce r`k

`hjk

Rcjk% 3<%jce{rkv


tkfhjjkebkb

\tk|atarche A nkw basv dknhtk fheb{frceo r`cv vkvvche) dtceo rtacekkv rhokr`kt)

bc~cbk r`kj cerh ~k oth{|v) aeb avvcoe kaf` oth{| hek hn r`k ~k

Krcq{krrk vkfrchev hn r`cv kpktfcvk% Kp|iace rh r`k oth{|v ràr dkrwkke

ràr bas aeb w`kek~kt sh{ vf`kb{ik r`k vkvvche) r`ks v`h{ib rts rh

eb r`k aevwktv rh r`k q{kvrchev avgkb ce ràr vkfrche% Dknhtk r`ks

dkoce) `hwk~kt) ht ar ikavr dknhtk r`ks fhjk rhokr`kt rh |tkvker r`kct

ebceov) avg r`kj rh aivh rts rh r`ceg hn aes abbcrcheai bh–v aeb bhe–rv

fhefkteceo r`kct Krcq{krrk atka ràr r`ks v`h{ib eb h{r adh{r% (Vkk r`k

q{kvrche ar r`k keb hn kaf` Krcq{krrk icvr%#

Jkaew`cik) |tk|atk a àebh{r ràr fheracev aii r`k q{kvrchev nthj aii

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rh%fh|s%bhwe%r`k%aevwktv%r`ks%wcii%okr%w`ke%r`k%oth{|v%tkfhe~kek%

({ebkt Vrk| 4 dkihw#%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1‒ Dk v{tk sh{ à~k avvcoekb r`k ravgv bkvftcdkb ce \tk|atarche

adh~k dknhtk vratrceo r`cv vkvvche%% Vrk| 4‒ Bcvrtcd{rk r`k àebh{r sh{ à~k |tk|atkb aeb r`ke

avg kaf` oth{| rh tk|htr crv ebceov% Rtacekkv v`h{ib fh|s r`k

aevwktv%herh%r`kct%àebh{rv%(Sh{%fae%aivh%tkfhtb%r`k%aevwktv%he%a%

c|fàtr%#

% Vrk| 6‒ Dk v{tk rh avg nht aes abbcrcheai q{kvrchev kaf` oth{| jas

à~k%abbkb%rh%crv%icvr

% Vrk| 2‒ Avg aes `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv aeb ^hi{erkktv |tkvker

wàr dhr`ktv ht certco{kv `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv r`k jhvr adh{r wàr

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f{ir{tk% Cn r`k |ktvhe bhceo r`k dkà~cht cv nthj aehr`kt f{ir{tk)

`hwk~kt) r`ke ràr dkà~cht jas ~kts wkii à~k a bcnnktker jkaeceo ceràr f{ir{tk ràe wàr r`k hdvkt~kt cerkt|tkrv cr rh jkae% R`cv bseajcf

cv%ar%r`k%fhtk%hn%jaes%fthvv*f{ir{tai%jcv{ebktvraebceov

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bcnnktkercark dkrwkke ae hdvkt~arche aeb ae cerkt|tkrarche

Rh bkvftcdk r`k fhevkq{kefkv hn cerkt|tkrarche ce a fthvv*f{ir{tai vkrrceo

Rcjk% 4<%jce{rkv

Jarktcaiv Hek fh|s |kt |atrcfc|aer hn r`k rtacekk àebh{r ’Hdvkt~arche ht

Cerkt|tkrarche%‚

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Bcvrtcd{rk r`k àebh{r aeb avg rtacekkv wàr r`ks r`ceg r`k

bcnnktkefk cv dkrwkke ae hdvkt~arche aeb ae cerkt|tkrarche% R`ke avg

r`kj%w`cf`%cv%r`k%vankt%r`ceo%rh%bh%ce%a%fthvv*f{ir{tai%vcr{arche‒

hdvkt~k ht cerkt|tkr8

% Vrk| 4 ‒ Avg rtacekkv rh fhj|ikrk r`k àebh{r%

% Vrk| 6 ‒ Vhicfcr%r`kct%aevwktv%rh%r`k%|actkb%crkjv




% Vrk| 2 ‒ Ikab a dtckn bcvf{vvche hn r`cv rh|cf) {vceo r`k nhiihwceo

q{kvrchev=

Cv cr |hvvcdik rh n{efrche wcr`h{r cerkt|tkrceo ht m{boceo8

(Aevwkt=%Eh#

Cnwkà~krhm{bok)aebwkjasjcvm{bokceafthvv*f{ir{tai

vkrrceo)r`kewàrfaewkbh8(Aevwkt=%Ar%ikavr%tkaic}k%ràr%sh{ jas dk jagceo a jcvragk) aeb rts rh okr sh{t cerkt|tkrarche

~ktckb ds vhjkhek w`h gehwv r`k f{ir{tk%#

Faesh{r`ceghnkpaj|ikvhnr`ceovsh{à~kjcvm{bokbvcefksh{

attc~kb ce*fh{erts8

Bhsh{r`ceg`hvrfh{ertsearcheaivvhjkrcjkvjcvm{bokwàrsh{

bh aeb vas8

_àr fae sh{ bh adh{r r`k nafr ràr `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv atk

jcvcerkt|tkrceo vhjk hn sh{t whtbv aeb bkkbv8

\hrkercai cvv{kv Cr cv ~kts cj|htraer) av |atr hn r`cv bcvf{vvche) ràr rtacekkv {ebktvraeb

ràr%m{boceo%ht%cerkt|tkrceo%cv%kvvkercai%rh%n{efrcheceo%ce%bacis%icnk%Ràr%

cv) wk à~k rh cerkt|tkr ht jagk vkevk hn r`k r`ceov wk vkk aeb `kat7 wk

à~k rh bkfcbk wàr r`ks jkae% Vh wk atk ehr vasceo ce r`cv kpktfcvk

ràr sh{ v`h{ibe–r cerkt|tkr wàr–v ohceo he ath{eb sh{) d{r heis ràr

w`ke sh{ cerkt|tkr afthvv f{ir{tkv) sh{ jas vhjkrcjkv dk wtheo% R`k

jkvvaok%hn%r`cv%afrc~crs%cv%ehr%ràr%sh{%v`h{ibe–r%cerkt|tkr%hr`kt%|kh|ik–v%

dkà~cht d{r ràr sh{ v`h{ibe–r dk vh v{tk hn sh{t cerkt|tkrarchev‒ar

ikavr ehr {erci sh{ {ebktvraeb r`k hvr f{ir{tk dkrrkt%

Aevwktv 1%C%% 2%H% ?%H% 1<%C

1%H% 2%C% ?%C% 1<H

4%C% ;%C% 0%C% 11%C

4%H% ;%H% 0%H% 11%H

6%H% >%C% 3%C

6%C% >%H% 3%<




Hdvkt~arche ht Cerkt|tkrarche8

Rtacekk @aebh{r

Dkihw sh{ wcii eb 11 |actv hn vrarkjkerv% Ce kaf` favk) hek hn r`k vrarkjkerv cv ae hdvkt~arche) a

jktk bkvftc|rche hn r`k nafrv ht dkà~cht sh{ atk wcrekvvceo) aeb r`k hr`kt cv ae cerkt|tkrarche) aekp|iaearche ht h|ceche hn wàr r`hvk nafrv ht ràr dkà~cht jkaev% \{r ae H ekpr rh kaf` hdvkt~arche

aeb ae C ekpr rh r`k cerkt|tkrarchev%

1XXXX%Ràr%jae%cv%~kts%aeots

1%XXXX Ràr jae cv raigceo q{crk ih{b%

4%XXXX Js dhvv bhkve–r rt{vr cv v{dhtbcearkv%

4%XXXX Js dhvv bhkve–r bkikoark tkv|hevcdcicrs%

6%XXXX Ràr whjae aiwasv wkatv a ~kci w`ke v`k ohkv h{r ce |{dicf%6%XXXX Ràr whjae cv q{crk fhevkt~arc~k%

2%XXXX Ràr whjae vraebv r`tkk nkkr awas w`ke v`k v|kagv rh jk%

2XXXX%Ràr%whjae%cv%fhib%aeb%tkvkt~kb

;%XXXX Ràr jae cv antacb hn `cv dhvv%

;%XXXX Ràr jae ek~kt fhertabcfrv `cv dhvv ce |{dicf%

>XXXX%V`k%bhkve–r%à~k%vrtheo%h|cechev

>%XXXX V`k ek~kt v|kagv {| ce jkkrceov%

?%XXXX Ràr whtgkt ek~kt bhkv aesr`ceo {erci `k cv rhib%

?%XXXX Ràr whtgkt cv ia}s%

0XXXX%@k%ickb%rh%jk

0%XXXX @k vacb skv w`ke r`k tkai aevwkt rh js q{kvrche wav eh%

3XXXX%V`k%wave–r%icvrkeceo%rh%jk

3%XXXX V`k bcbe–r ihhg jk ce r`k ksk w`ke C wav raigceo rh `kt%

1<%XXXX @k vrhhb ~kts fihvk aeb raigkb ih{b%

1<XXXX%@k–v%~kts%aootkvvc~k

11XXXX%V`k–v%cevkf{tk%aeb%|hwkt%`{eots

11%XXXX V`k bhkve–r vàtk cenhtjarche wcr` kt v{dhtbcearkv%




Nht Fà|rkt 4= R`k Ajktcfae _as

Fherker h~kt~ckw R`k kpktfcvk tkq{ctkv rtacekkv rh a||is r`kct {ebktvraebceo hn Ajktcfae

f{ir{tk ce r`k bk~kih|jker hn a vgcr% R`k vgcr v`h{ib dk a btajarc}arche

hn dkà~chtv aeb afrchev ràr tkkfr Ajktcfae ~ai{kv) arrcr{bkv) aeb dkicknv%

% Ehrk= R`k rtacekt avvcoev r`k ravg ar ikavr hek wkkg |tcht rh r`k

keafrjker hn r`k vgcr%

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bkjhevrtark vhjk gks nkar{tkv hn Ajktcfae f{ir{tk av tkkfrkb ce

fhjjhe dkà~chtv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Hek fh|s hn r`k àebh{r ’R`k Ajktcfae _as‚ |kt rtacekk7 a |tc}k rh dk

awatbkb rh r`k oth{| ràr bkvcoev r`k dkvr vgcr (h|rcheai#

Vrann A |aeki hn `hvr fh{erts earcheai vrann rh vkt~k av m{bokv hn r`k vgcrv(h|rcheai#

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Bc~cbk rtacekkv cerh eh jhtk ràe nh{t ht ~k oth{|v) ht avg

rtacekkv rh nhtj 2 ht ; oth{|v hn r`kct hwe f`hhvceo% Kaf` oth{| wcii

bkvcoe aeb bkic~kt a vgcr hn a||thpcjarkis 1< jce{rkv (r`ktknhtk r`k rhrai

rcjk hn r`k vkvvche wcii dk th{oìs hek `h{t#% Bcvrtcd{rk r`k àebh{r aeb

kp|iace r`k afrc~crs ar ikavr hek wkkg dknhtk r`k vgcrv wcii dk |ktnhtjkb%

% Vrk| 4 ‒ Rtacektv%jas%f`hhvk%rh%certhb{fk%ae%kikjker%hn%fhj|krcrche%cerh%

r`cv kpktfcvk ds aeeh{efceo ràr r`ktk wcii dk a |tc}k nht r`k dkvr vgcr%

% Vrk| 6 ‒ @a~k kaf` oth{| |tkvker crv vgcr%

Vrk| 2 ‒Awatb%r`k%|tc}k%(h|rcheai#

%

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Dk v{tk rh oc~k rtacekkv) w`h atk {v{aiis q{crk d{vs) keh{o` rcjk rh bk~cvk

(aeb tk`katvk# r`kct vgcrv dknhtk r`k bas r`ks atk vf`kb{ikb rh |tkvker%




R`k Ajktcfae _as

Rtacekk @aebh{r

Ehw ràr sh{ à~k v|ker vhjk rcjk kpajceceo Ajktcfae f{ir{tk) sh{ atk dkceo avgkb rh bk~cvk aeb

|tkvker a vgcr) faiikb R`k Ajktcfae _as) w`cf` dtceov Ajktcfae f{ir{tk rh icnk% Ce fhefkc~ceo r`cv vgcr)sh{t ravg cv rh |htrtas av jaes Ajktcfae ~ai{kv aeb f{ir{tai fàtafrktcvrcfv av sh{ fae) w`cik ar r`k

vajk rcjk gkk|ceo r`k vgcr cerktkvrceo aeb cerkteaiis fhevcvrker% Ràr cv) r`k vgcr v`h{ib dk vhjk gceb

hn a vrhts ht ~coekrrk) vkr ce a tkai vkrrceo) wcr` tkai fàtafrktv) cerktafrceo ce a ear{tai was% R`k vgcr

v`h{ib dk eh jhtk ràe 1< jce{rkv ce ikeor`) aeb jas dk ikvv%

Sh{t tvr vrk| wcii dk rh okr rhokr`kt wcr` sh{t oth{| aeb fhjk {| wcr` a icvr hn fàtafrktcvrcfv ràr

sh{ waer sh{t vgcr rh bkjhevrtark ht btajarc}k% R`ke sh{ wcii ekkb rh ftkark r`k cefcbker ht vrhts

ath{eb r`kvk fàtafrktcvrcfv% Nceaiis) sh{ v`h{ib |tafrcfk r`k vgcr a nkw rcjkv dknhtk |tkvkerceo cr ce

nther%hn%sh{t%rtaceceo%oth{|%




Nht Fà|rkt 6= Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv

Fherker h~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk cv a dtckn vcj{iarche ràr wcii |th~hgk ae kjhrcheai

tkv|hevk%ht%tkafrche%ce%rtacekkv%R`k%vcj{iarche%|tkvkerv%~atch{v%ehtjv%

hn ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche w`cf` jas dk bcnnktker nthj ràr hn jhvrAjktcfaev

R`cv kpktfcvk afr{aiis ce~hi~kv a ’rtcfg%‚ Rtacekkv dkick~k r`k kpktfcvk

cv a vcj|ik aeaisvcv hn ftcrcfai cefcbkerv vcr{archev% Ce nafr) cr cv a

vcj{iarche w`ktkce àin r`k jkjdktv hn r`k oth{| wcii dk v{dmkfrkb

rh vhjk {e{v{ai ehe~ktdai dkà~cht) w`cf` r`ks wcii |thdadis eb

{efhjnhtradik ht ar ikavr vrtaeok% R`kct tkafrchev rh r`kvk ehe~ktdai

dkà~chtv aeb r`k cj|icfarchev r`ktkhn atk r`k tkai nhf{v hn r cv

kpktfcvk%

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bkvftcdk rs|cfai kjhrcheai tkafrchev |thb{fkb ds bcnnktkefkv ce

ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche vrsikv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Fh|s r`k r`tkk àebh{rv av nhiihwv= àin r`k fh|ckv v`h{ib dk r`k

vcj|ik àebh{r (wcr` eh kp|iaearche adh{r r`k rtcfg#7 hek q{atrkt

v`h{ib dk hek hn r`k rwh rtcfg àebh{rv7 r`k hr`kt q{atrkt v`h{ib dk

hn r`k vkfheb rtcfg àebh{r% Ehrcfk ràr r`kvk r`tkk àebh{rv atk ehr

iadkikb ce aes was (v{f` av 1) 4) 6 ht A) D) F# av r`cv jco`r jagk

rtacekkv v{v|cfch{v% Rtacektv jas waer rh iadki r`kj wcr` vhjk gceb hn

vrtas jatg ce htbkt rh rkii r`kj a|atr%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Certhb{fk r`k afrc~crs av a v`htr ftcrcfai cefcbker kpktfcvk cew`cf` rtacekkv wcii dk vk|atarkb cerh |actv rh bcvf{vv `hw r`ks wh{ib

àebik rwh fhjjhe fhjj{ecfarche |thdikjv%

Vrk| 4 ‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%|actv%aeb%oc~k%hek%|ktvhe%ce%kaf`%|act%r`k%

’vcj|ik‚ àebh{r (wcr`h{r r`k kp|iaearche hn r`k rtcfg# aeb r`k hr`kt

|ktvhe hek hn r`k hr`kt rwh aebh{rv (w`cf` kp|iace r`k rtcfg#% Dk v{tk

rh bcvrtcd{rk r`kvk àebh{rv ce a ~kts ear{tai jaeekt) bhceo ehr`ceo rh

v{ookvr sh{–tk dkceo fatkn{i rh oc~k hek |ktvhe hek rs|k hn àebh{r

aeb r`k hr`kt |ktvhe a bcnnktker rs|k% Aivh dk v{tk rh bcvrtcd{rk r`k rwh

~ktvchev hn r`k rtcfg àebh{rv rh ae kq{ai e{jdkt hn |atrcfc|aerv%

% Vrk| 6 ‒ Avg rtacekkv rh tkab r`k tvr cefcbker aeb dk tkabs rh bcvf{vv

cr% Oc~k r`hvk w`h tkfkc~k r`k rtcfg àebh{rv a icrrik iheokt) rh tkab r`kabbcrcheai%certhb{frhts%jarktcai

% Vrk| 2 ‒ Cevrt{fr rtacekkv rh vraeb aeb dkoce bcvf{vvceo r`k tvr cefcbker%

% Vrk| ; ‒ Fh{o`%tar`kt%ih{bis%aeb%fikatis%ar%rwh%ht%r`tkk%jce{rk%

cerkt~aiv) r`tkk rcjkv ce aii) av r`k vcoeai rh r`hvk |tafrcfceo r`k |ktvheai

v|afk%fhefk|r




Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv

Rtacekk @aebh{r

_cr` sh{t |atrekt) tkab r`k nhiihwceo rwh ftcrcfai cefcbkerv) kaf` davkb he a fhjj{ecfarche |thdikj)

aeb%bkfcbk%wàr%sh{%wh{ib%bh%ce%r`k%vcr{arche

% % % % % % % 1

Sh{ rkaf` ce a vkfhebats vf`hhi% _`cik sh{t fhiikao{kv wktk cecrcaiis q{crk ntckebis rhwatbv sh{)

r`ktk àv dkke a ehrcfkadik fhhiceo hnn iarkis% Sh{ gehw sh{ j{vr à~k bhek vhjkr`ceo rh hnnkeb

r`kj) d{r sh{ à~k eh cbka wàr cr cv% R`cv cv a `hvr f{ir{tk w`ktk bctkfr q{kvrchev) kv|kfcaiis adh{r

vhjkr`ceo ràr cv |thdadis q{crk bkicfark) atk ek~kt avgkb% @hw atk sh{ ohceo rh eb h{r wàr r`k |thdikj cv8

4%

Sh{ whtg ce ae cttcoarche |thmkfr w`ktk sh{ v{|kt~cvk nh{t jae{ai iadhtktv% Tkfkeris) hek hn r`kj àv

dkke attc~ceo ar whtg iark) bcbe–r v`hw {| he rwh basv airhokr`kt) aeb okektaiis cv ehr whtgceo h{r%

Sh{ à~k rh tk `cj) d{r sh{ à~k rh bh vh ce a was ràr `k whe–r ihvk nafk% @hw bh sh{ bh cr8

%




Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv

Rtacekk @aebh{r

R`cv cv EHR r`k àebh{r ràr àv m{vr dkke oc~ke rh r`k hr`kt |ktvhe ce sh{t |act% \ikavk `hib r`cv

àebh{r%vh%ràr%sh{t%|atrekt%faeehr%vkk%r`k%wtcrceo%he%cr

R`cv cv aivh EHR r`k kpktfcvk ràr àv m{vr dkke kp|iacekb rh sh{ ds sh{t rtacekt% _`cik sh{ wcii

cebkkb dk bcvf{vvceo hek ht dhr` hn r`k ftcrcfai cefcbkerv oc~ke dkihw) r`k ’tkai‚ kpktfcvk `ktk cv nht

sh{ rh v{dmkfr sh{t |atrekt rh vhjk {efhe~kercheai ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche%

_`ke r`k rtacekt rkiiv sh{ rh vraeb {| aeb vratr bcvf{vvceo r`k tvr cefcbker=

1% Vraeb a fhjnhtradik) ’ehtjai‚ bcvraefk nthj sh{t |atrekt (aeb dkoce sh{t bcvf{vvche#%

4% K~kts rcjk sh{t rtacekt fh{o`v (a rhrai hn r tkk rcjkv b{tceo r`cv kpktfcvk#) jh~k vico`ris

fihvkt%rh%sh{t%|atrekt

6% R`th{o`h{r r`k kpktfcvk) rh{f` sh{t |atrekt jhtk r ae cv fhjjhe nht rwh Ajktcfaev%

Rts rh jagk aii r`cv vkkj av ear{tai av |hvvcdik%

Ehw tkab r`k tvr cefcbker (dkihw# aeb dk tkabs rh bcvf{vv cr% Tkjkjdkt rh icvrke nht w`ke sh{t

rtacekt%fh{o`v

R@CV CV R@K @AEBH[R SH[T \ATREKT TKFKC^KB=

_cr` sh{t |atrekt) tkab r`k nhiihwceo ftcrcfai cefcbkerv) kaf` davkb he a fhjj{ecfarchev |thdikj) aeb

bkfcbk%wàr%sh{%wh{ib%bh%ce%r`kvk%vcr{archev

1%

Sh{ rkaf` ce a vkfhebats vf`hhi% _`cik sh{t fhiikao{kv wktk cecrcaiis q{crk ntckebis rhwatbv sh{)

r`ktk àv dkke a ehrcfkadik fhhiceo hnn iarkis% Sh{ gehw sh{ j{vr à~k bhek vhjkr`ceo rh hnnkeb

r`kj) d{r sh{ à~k eh cbka wàr cr cv% Sh{tv cv a `hvr f{ir{tk w`ktk bctkfr q{kvrchev) kv|kfcaiis adh{r

vhjkr`ceo ràr cv |thdadis q{crk bkicfark) atk ek~kt avgkb% @hw atk sh{ ohceo rh eb h{r wàr r`k

|thdikj cv8

4%







Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv

Rtacekk @aebh{r

R`cv cv EHR r`k àebh{r ràr àv m{vr dkke oc~ke rh r`k hr`kt |ktvhe ce sh{t |act% \ikavk `hib r`cv

àebh{r%vh%ràr%sh{t%|atrekt%faeehr%vkk%r`k%wtcrceo%he%cr

R`cv cv aivh EHR r`k kpktfcvk ràr àv m{vr dkke kp|iacekb rh sh{ ds sh{t rtacekt% _`cik sh{ wcii

cebkkb dk bcvf{vvceo hek ht dhr` hn r`k ftcrcfai cefcbkerv oc~ke dkihw) r`k ’tkai‚ kpktfcvk `ktk cv nht

sh{ rh v{dmkfr sh{t |atrekt rh vhjk {efhe~kercheai ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche%

_`ke r`k rtacekt rkiiv sh{ rh) vratr bcvf{vvceo r`k tvr cefcbker=

1% _`ke sh{ atk raigceo) jacerace ~kts icjcrkb) ’batrceo‚ ksk fherafr wcr` sh{t |atrekt) j{f`

ikvv%ràe%wk%wh{ib%ce%r`k%[ecrkb%Vrarkv4% _`ke sh{ atk icvrkeceo) jacerace aijhvr eh ksk fherafr%

6% R`th{o`h{r r`k kpktfcvk) raig ce a vico`ris vhnrkt ~hcfk ràe sh{ ehtjaiis wh{ib%

2% _`ke cr cv sh{t ’r{te‚ rh v|kag) wacr rwh rh r`tkk rcjkv av iheo av sh{ ehtjaiis wh{ib dknhtk

tkv|hebceo) iheo keh{o` vh sh{ (aeb h|kn{iis sh{t |atrekt# nkki a icrrik {efhjnhtradik% Sh{t

|atrekt jas ce nafr t{v` rh ii r`kvk vcikefkv aeb oc~k sh{ ~kts icrrik fàefk rh v|kag%

Rts rh jagk aii r`cv vkkj av ear{tai av |hvvcdik%

Ehw tkab r`k tvr cefcbker aeb dk tkabs rh bcvf{vv cr%

R@CV CV R@K @AEBH[R SH[T \ATREKT TKFKC^KB=

_cr` sh{t |atrekt) tkab r`k nhiihwceo ftcrcfai cefcbkerv) kaf` davkb he a fhjj{ecfarchev |thdikj) aeb

bkfcbk%wàr%sh{%wh{ib%bh%ce%r`kvk%vcr{archev

1%

Sh{ rkaf` ce a vkfhebats vf`hhi% _`cik sh{t fhiikao{kv wktk cecrcaiis q{crk ntckebis rhwatbv sh{) r`ktk

àv dkke a ehrcfkadik fhhiceo hnn iarkis% Sh{ gehw sh{ j{vr à~k bhek vhjkr`ceo rh hnnkeb r`kj) d{r

sh{ à~k eh cbka wàr cr cv% Sh{tv cv a `hvr f{ir{tk w`ktk bctkfr q{kvrchev) kv|kfcaiis adh{r vhjkr`ceo

ràr cv |thdadis q{crk bkicfark) atk ek~kt avgkb% @hw atk sh{ ohceo rh eb h{r wàr r`k |thdikj cv8

4%







Nht Fà|rkt 2= _àr _h{ib Sh{ Bh8

Fherker h~kt~ckw Ce r`cv vkvvche rtacekkv wcii fherce{k rh kp|ihtk ~atch{v whtg*tkiarkb

f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%{vceo%ftcrcfai%cefcbkerv

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh aeais}k fhjjhe whtg*tkiarkb f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv

Rh bcvf{vv |hvvcdik wasv hn tkvhi~ceo r`kvk bcnnktkefkv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Hek fh|s |kt rtacekk hn r`k àebh{r ’_àr _h{ib Sh{ Bh8‚

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk av a fàefk rh tk~ckw aeb bkk|ke

{ebktvraebceo%hn%r k%r`kjkv%|tkvkerkb%ce%Fà|rkt%Nh{t

% Vrk| 4 ‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%oth{|v%rh%tkab%aeb%bcvf{vv%kaf`%cefcbker%

aeb fhjk {| wcr` v{ookvrchev nht a vhi{rche% Kaf` oth{| fae kcr`kt

bcvf{vv%aii%r`k%cefcbkerv%ht%r`k%rtacekt%jas%avvcoe%r`tkk%|kt%oth{|

% Vrk| 6 ‒ Dtceo r`k oth{|v dafg rhokr`kt aeb oh h~kt kaf` cefcbkervk|atarkis) ehrceo v{ookvrchev he a c| fàtr% Kefh{taok rtacekkv rh

fh|s%v{ookvrchev%herh%r`kct%àebh{r%vh%r`ks%fae%{vk%r`cv%cenhtjarche%nht%

n{r{tk%tknktkefk%Abb%sh{t%hwe%v{ookvrchev%rh%r`kctv%w`ktk%a||th|tcark%

ht%ekfkvvats

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Vhjk rtacekkv jco`r r`ceg fktrace cefcbkerv atk {etkaicvrcf% \atrcfc|arche

hn a vkt~ceo hi{erkkt ht hvr fh{erts rtacekt fae ki| rh ikeb ftkbkefk

rh r`k cefcbkerv% Cr cv aivh a||th|tcark rh kp|iace ràr w`cik r`k v|kfcfv

jco`r ehr a||is ce a |atrcf{iat hvr fh{erts) r`k f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk crvkin

cv%~aicb

%




_àr _h{ib Sh{ Bh8

Rtacekk @aebh{r

Tkab r`k nhiihwceo cefcbkerv) aii vkr ce r`k whtg|iafk) aeb bkfcbk `hw sh{ wh{ib àebik kaf`

vcr{arche% Ce jagceo sh{t bkfcvche) ragk cerh affh{er r`k f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk ràr cv ar r`k `katr hn kaf`cefcbker

C%% Navr%Ikatekt

Sh{ ekkb ae avvcvraer rh `ki| sh{ ce sh{t mhd) w`cf` àv othwe fhevcbktadis vcefk sh{ vratrkb

whtgceo `ktk hek skat aoh% R`k vkikfrche wcii dk jabk ds sh{t dhvv) d{r sh{ à~k sh{t ksk he

a whjae w`h whtgv bhwe r`k àii ce aehr`kt bc~cvche hn r`cv aokefs% V`k cv a navr ikatekt) wkii

kb{farkb) aeb àv r`k ekfkvvats rkfècfai kp|ktrcvk% Sh{ |th|hvk `kt rh sh{t dhvv) w`h aotkkv ràr

v`k cv q{crk fhj|krker) aeb r`ke tk~kaiv ràr `k cv |iaeeceo rh `ctk r`k ek|`kw hn `cv vcvrkt*ce*iaw%

_`ke sh{ avg wàr r`k sh{eo jae–v q{aicfarchev atk) sh{t dhvv vasv r`k faebcbark cv bk|kebadik

aeb wcii dk ~kts ihsai rh `cj aeb r`k aokefs% @k bhkv ehr) `hwk~kt) à~k aes hn r`k ekfkvvats vgciiv

ht kp|ktckefk% _`ke sh{ |hcer r`cv h{r rh sh{t dhvv) `k vasv sh{ fae rtace r`k sh{eo jae vcefk `k cv

a navr ikatekt aeb cr v`h{ibe–r ragk sh{ ~kts iheo%

CC% He r`k Mhd

Cr à||kev ràr hek hn r`k vhev hn r`k najcis sh{ ic~k wcr` whtgv ce r`k fat|kr nafrhts w`ktk sh{ atk

|hvrkb av a vjaii d{vcekvv ab~cvht% R`cv jae cv a vankrs cev|kfrht) aeb cr cv cv mhd rh f`kfg fktrace

jaf`cekv k~kts h{t rh jagk v{tk r`ks atk whtgceo |th|ktis% Skvrktbas anrktehhe) sh{ jkr `cj

fhjceo dafg rh r`k |iaer 6< jce{rkv iark nthj `cv dtkag% B{tceo r`cv àin `h{t) rwh whtgktv wktk

cem{tkb ce ae affcbker% R`ktk cv rh dk ae ce~kvrcoarche) aeb r`cv jae àv avgkb sh{ rh rkvrcns ràr `k

wav he r`k mhd ar r`k rcjk hn r`k affcbker%

CCC% Ftcrcq{k

Sh{ atk ar bceekt wcr` aehr`kt ^hi{erkkt (w`h bhkv ehr whtg wcr` sh{# aeb sh{t `hvr fh{erts

fh{erkt|atr% B{tceo r`k jkai) sh{ tkiark vhjk vrhtckv ràr atk ftcrcfai hn sh{t dhvv) a jae w`h cv

wcbkis bcvicgkb ce sh{t htoaec}arche% He r`k was `hjk) sh{t fh{erkt|atr avgv sh{ `hw sh{ fh{ib

ftcrcfc}k sh{t dhvv aeb sh{t aokefs ce nther hn ae h{rvcbkt%

C % A Icrrik Vhjkr`ceo

Sh{ à~k fhjk rh r`k Jcecvrts rh |cfg {| r`k kq{c|jker ràr àv dkke avvcoekb rh sh{t warkt vsvrkj

|thmkfr% Sh{ à~k m{vr vcoekb r k a||th|tcark |a|ktv ce r`k hnfk hn r k bcvd{tvceo hnfcai aeb atk

ehw tkabs rh ihab r`k kq{c|jker cerh sh{t Mkk|% Av sh{ kerkt r`k thhj w`ktk r`k |c|kv aeb hr`kt

v{||ickv atk gk|r) r`k hnfcai datv r`k bhht) vjcikv dthabis) wcegv ar sh{) aeb vasv) ’Bh sh{ à~k

aesr`ceo nht jk8‚ Sh{ tkaic}k `k cv {vkb rh dkceo dtcdkb av a fhebcrche hn tkikavceo jarktcaiv% ’C–j

antacb C bhe–r)‚ sh{ tk|is% ’Ce ràr favk)‚ `k vasv) ’C wcii à~k rh f`kfg sh{t |a|ktwhtg aoace%‚




% @heht Dh{eb

Sh{ à~k m{vr tkaf`kb ae aotkkjker wcr` a w`hikvaikt nht vhjk dhhgv sh{ wcii |{tfàvk nht r`k

icdtats sh{ atk vratrceo ar sh{t vf`hhi% Sh{ a~k aotkkb he |tcfk) bkic~kts barkv) aeb tkr{tev |hicfs)

aeb à~k vàgke àebv he r`k bkai% Sh{ ehw dkoce rh ii ce vhjk diaegv he a fhertafr sh{ à~k

dth{o`r wcr` sh{) w cf` |{rv ce wtcrceo r k rktjv sh{ à~k aotkkb rh% (R`cv fhertafr cv tkq{ctkb ds

r`k cerktearcheai acb htoaec}arche ràr àv bhearkb r`k jheks nht r`k dhhgv%# _`ke sh{ r{te rh r`kw`hikvaikt nht `cv vcoear{tk) `k dkfhjkv aocrarkb aeb hnnkebkb% ’C dko sh{t |atbhe)‚ `k vasv% ’C aj

ae `hehtadik jae% C gkk| js whtb%‚

^C% Rkaf`kt

Sh{ a~k dkke avvcoekb av ae kfhehjcfv cevrt{frht ar a |th~cefcai faj|{v hn r`k earcheai {ec~ktvcrs%

Cr cv sh{t vkfheb wkkg hn rkaf`ceo) aeb sh{ à~k bkfcbkb rh certhb{fk a favk vr{bs% Sh{ jagk fh|ckv

hn r`k favk) bcvrtcd{rk cr rh sh{t vr{bkerv) aeb kp|iace ràr r`ks j{vr tkab aeb bcvf{vv r`k favk ce

oth{|v aeb r`ke bkfcbk wàr r`ks wh{ib bh ce r`cv vcr{arche% R`ktk atk vhjk v{t|tcvkb ihhgv) d{r

r`k vr{bkerv bh av r`ks atk rhib% Anrkt àin ae `h{t) sh{ faii r`k fiavv rh htbkt aeb avg r`k tvr oth{|

wàr r`ks bkfcbkb% ’_k bhe–r gehw adh{r r`kvk r`ceov)‚ r`k v|hgkv|ktvhe tk|ickv% ’Sh{ atk r`k

rkaf`kt% Sh{ atk v{||hvkb rh rkii {v% Cn sh{ bhe–r rkaf` {v) `hw fae wk ikate8‚

%




Nht Fà|rkt ;= Cerktafrceo _cr` R`k Najcis

Fherker h~kt~ckw Ce r`cv vkvvche rtacekkv wcii fherce{k rh kp|ihtk fhjjhe cerkt|ktvheai

aeb%vhfcai%tkiarchev c|%cvv{kv%ràr%hff{t%ce%fthvv*f{ir{tai%vkrrceov%

Hdmkfrc~kv% Rh%aeais}k%fhjjhe%f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%ce%vhfcai%tkiarchev`c|v%aeb%

cerkt|ktvheai%cerktafrchev

Rh bcvf{vv |hvvcdik wasv hn tkvhi~ceo r`kvk bcnnktkefkv

Rcjk% %1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Hek fh|s |kt rtacekk hn r`k àebh{r ’Cerktafrceo wcr` r`k Najcis‚

\tk|atarche Jhtk cefcbkerv à~k dkke |th~cbkb `ktk ràe sh{ v`h{ib {vk ce r`cv

vkvvche% Dknhtk r`k vkvvche) tkab r`k ecek cefcbkerv aeb vkikfr nh{t

ht ~k ràr atk kv|kfcaiis a||th|tcark nht sh{t fh{erts% Avvcoe r`kvk

cefcbkerv ce Vrk| 4 dkihw%

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk av a fàefk rh tk~ckw aeb bkk|ke

{ebktvraebceo%hn%fthvv*f{ir{tai%bcnnktkefkv%ce%cerkt|ktvheai%aeb%vhfcai%

tkiarchev`c|v

% Vrk| 4 ‒ Bc~cbk%rtacekkv%cerh%oth{|v%rh%tkab%aeb%bcvf{vv%r`k%vkikfrkb%

cefcbkerv%aeb%fhjk%{|%wcr`%v{ookvrchev%nht%a%vhi{rche

% Vrk| 6 ‒ Dtceo r`k oth{|v dafg rhokr`kt aeb oh h~kt kaf` cefcbker

vk|atarkis) ehrceo v{ookvrchev he a c| fàtr% Kefh{taok rtacekkv rh

fh|s%v{ookvrchev%herh%r`kct%àebh{r%vh%r ks%fae%{vk%r`cv%cenhtjarche%nht%

n{r{tk%tknktkefk%Abb%sh{t%hwe%v{ookvrchev%rh%r`kctv%w`ktk%a||th|tcark%

ht%ekfkvvats

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Vhjk rtacekkv jco`r r`ceg fktrace cefcbkerv atk {etkaicvrcf% \atrcfc|arche

hn a vkt~ceo hi{erkkt ht hvr fh{erts rtacekt fae ki| rh ikeb ftkbkefk

rh r`k cefcbkerv% Cr cv aivh a||th|tcark rh kp|iace ràr w`cik r`k v|kfcfv

jco`r ehr a||is ce a |atrcf{iat hvr fh{erts) r`k f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk crvkin

cv%~aicb%%




Cerktafrceo _cr` R`k Najcis

Rtacekk @aebh{r

C% Ia|rh| Di{kv

R`k vhe ce r`k najcis cv ce ih~k wcr` fhj|{rktv aeb fhj|{rkt rkfèhihos% _`kek~kt sh{ oh h{r)`k ’dhtthwv‚ sh{t ia|rh| aeb {vkv cr nht `h{tv% Hnrke r`k darrkts cv bkab w`ke sh{ tkr{te aeb sh{

à~k rh v|keb vk~ktai `h{tv tkfàtoceo cr% Sh{–tk ehr à||s adh{r r`cv) d{r r`ktk cv eh ihfg he sh{t

dkbthhj bhht) vh cr–v atb rh gkk| `cj h{r8 _ ar fae sh{ bh8

CC% Dhrrhjikvv \hfgkrv

R`k najcis sh{ kar sh{t jkaiv wcr` àv a ~kts jhbkvr cefhjk) v{||ikjkerkb ehw ds r`k jheks sh{

oc~k r`kj nht nhhb% A nkw wkkgv aoh) r`k nar`kt avgkb sh{ rh `ki| r`kj d{s a tkntcoktarht) |hcerceo h{rràr dkfa{vk sh{ ark jkaiv ar `cv `h{vk r`ks ehw ekkb rh d{s jhtk nhhb aeb r`ks wh{ib icgk a |iafk rh

vrhtk cr% Sh{ wktk tki{fraer rh okr ce~hi~kb) d{r sh{ bkfcbkb cr fh{ibe–r `{tr rh `ki| h{r r`cv hefk% R`ke)

a wkkg anrkt ràr) r`k jhr`kt avgkb nht jheks nht a d{v rcfgkr rh ~cvcr `kt aciceo vcvrkt ce r`k fa|crai%

Aoace) sh{ oa~k ce% Ehw) skvrktbas) r`k nar`kt avgkb nht jheks nht a ekw |act hn v`hkv% Sh{ atk

dkoceeceo rh tkaic}k ràr r`ktk wcii dk eh keb rh r cv cn sh{ bhe–r btaw r k icek% @hw bh sh{ |thfkkb8

CCC%% \ktvheai%Jarrktv

R`k najcis sh{ ic~k wcr` cv aiwasv avgceo sh{ wàr sh{ r`ceg hn av |ktvheai q{kvrchev% R`ceov icgk

`hw j{f` vhjkr`ceo fhvr) `hw j{f` jheks sh{ okr nthj r`k \kafk Fht|v k~kts jher`) wàr sh{

bh w`ke sh{ oh awas he wkkgkebv ht k~ke m{vr oh h{r nht r`k eco`r% Sh{ atk barceo a `hvr fh{erts

earcheai aeb r`ks aiwasv waer rh gehw wàr sh{ bh w`ke sh{ oh h{r% Sh{ bh ehr nkki r`kvk r`ceov atk

aes hn r`kct d{vcekvv (r`h{o` sh{ gehw r`kvk q{kvrchev atk a||th|tcark ce r`kct f{ir{tk#) aeb sh{ waer

rh |{r ae keb rh r`cv dknhtk sh{ okr aes aeotckt ràe sh{ aitkabs atk% @hw bh sh{ àebik r`cv vcr{arche8

C % C _aer Rh Dk AihekSh{ ekkb vhjk rcjk aihek k~kts bas) rh {ewceb anrkt whtg (ht rtaceceo# aeb rh wtcrk ikrrktv ht ce sh{t

mh{teai ce r k k~keceo% D{r najcis jkjdktv atk aiwasv fhjceo ce aeb h{r hn sh{t thhj% _`ke sh{ v {r

r`k bhht) r`ks m{vr gehfg aeb h|ke cr% Skvrktbas) sh{ ihfgkb sh{t bhht) aeb r`k najcis wav q{crk {|vkr%

Ce r`k `hvr fh{erts f{ir{tk) |kh|ik r`ceg cr cv t{bk rh ika~k hr`kt |kh|ik aihek) kv|kfcaiis o{kvrv) aeb r`ks

bh ehr ce nafr icgk rh dk aihek% _`ke sh{ ihfgkb sh{t bhht) r`ks rhhg cr rh jkae sh{ bcbe–r kemhs r`kct

fhj|aes% @hw atk sh{ ohceo rh okr r`k q{ckr rcjk sh{ ekkb wcr`h{r hnnkebceo r`kvk |kh|ik8




% Fihr`kv @htvk

R`k ba{o`rkt ce r`k najcis sh{ ic~k wcr` cv q{crk ragke wcr` vhjk hn sh{t fihr`kv% V`k cv aiwasv

avgceo sh{ cn v`k fae wkat vhjkr`ceo ht hr`kt hn sh{tv r`k ekpr bas% Sh{ bhe–r jceb ikebceo fihr`kv

hefk ce a w`cik) d{r sh{ waer r`k fihr`kv sh{ dth{o`r rh iavr nht r`k rwh skatv sh{ wcii dk `ktk% Ar

r`cv tark) dkceo whte tko{iatis ds rwh |kh|ik) r`ks–tk ehr ohceo rh `hib h{r ~kts iheo% Sh{–~k `cerkb

hefk ràr sh{ wcii ekkb rh d{s ekw fihr`kv vhhe) aeb `kt tkv|hevk wav ràr sh{–tk vh i{fgs rh à~kkeh{o` jheks rh d{s ekw fihr`kv w`kek~kt sh{ waer% _àr fae sh{ bh8

^C% Vrcnn Btceg

Ce r`k `hvr f{ir{tk) |kh|ik btceg aifh`hi ar k~kts jkai aeb ar aii vhfcai k~kerv% Sh{ fae datkis rhiktark

aifh`hi ce r`k dkvr hn fctf{jvraefkv) aeb fktraceis ehr r`tkk rcjkv a bas% Dkfa{vk sh{ atk hnrke avgkb

rh à~k a btceg ar whtg (nht a dctr`bas fkikdtarche) earcheai `hicbas) dctr` hn a f`cib) krf%#) sh{ v{t~c~k

heis ds ehr btcegceo ar jkaiv ar `hjk% R`k dhrrhj icek cv sh{ m{vr fae–r btceg av j{f` av cv kp|kfrkb

ce%r`k%ihfai%f{ir{tk%aeb%vrcii%nkki%wkii%aeb%n{efrche%knnkfrc~kis%R`k%rcjk%àv%fhjk%rh%rkii%sh{t%`hvr%

najcis) w`h sh{ v{v|kfr wcii ehr {ebktvraeb% @hw bh sh{ àebik r`cv vcr{arche8

^CC% @ki|ceo H{r

Ce r`k `hvr f{ir{tk) o{kvrv) kv|kfcaiis jke) atk ehr v{||hvkb rh `ki| h{r wcr` jkaiv ht ce okektai

bh ~kts j{f` ath{eb r`k `h{vk% Sh{ atk {efhjnhtradik wcr` dkceo wacrkb he aii r`k rcjk) d{r r`k

hek ht rwh rcjkv sh{ `ki|kb fatts r`k bcv`kv ce nthj r`k radik) r`k `hvr nar`kt aeb jhr`kt ohr q{crk

aocrarkb%_àr%fae%sh{%bh8

^CCC% Eh afaefs

R`k ba{o`rkt ce sh{t `hvr najcis otab{arkb a skat aoh nthj a vkftkratcai vf`hhi) d{r àv dkke {eadik

rh eb a mhd% Tkfkeris) `kt nar`kt àv dkke |tkvv{tceo sh{ rh `ki| `kt eb a mhd ar r`k \kafk Fht|v

hnfk ce r`k fa|crai% Sh{ bcb ce nafr f`kfg wcr` r`k \kafk Fht|v) d{r r`ktk atk eh ~afaefckv% R`k

nar`kt) `hwk~kt) bhkve–r r`ceg sh{ atk rtsceo àtb keh{o` aeb fherce{kv rh |kvrkt sh{ adh{r r`cv ar

ikavr hefk a wkkg) |hcerceo h{r (aidkcr v{dris# aii r`k najcis àv bhek nht sh{% Sh{–tk okrrceo vcfg hn

r`cv |tkvv{tk aeb wh{ib icgk rh keb cr% _àr bh sh{ bh8

CP% Rhjav

Sh{–tk fhj|ikrceo sh{t vkt~cfk aeb tkr{teceo rh r`k [ecrkb Vrarkv ce vcp jher`v% Sh{ a~k othwe

~kts fihvk rh sh{t `hvr najcis b{tceo r`kvk iavr 10 jher`v) aeb r`ks rh sh{% Rhbas) r`k nar`kt ce r`k

najcis fajk cerh sh{t thhj aeb vratrkb tkjcecvfceo adh{r hib rcjkv aeb `hw sh{ wktk ehw |atr

hn r`kct najcis% @k fhefi{bkb `cv tkjatgv ds nhtjaiis avgceo sh{ rh jatts `cv vhe aeb tkr{te wcr`

`cj rh Ajktcfa% ’Anrkt a nkw jher`v)‚ `k fherce{kb) ’`k wcii okr a ohhb mhd aeb dk adik rh vkeb {v

jheks%‚ Sh{ tk|is ràr sh{ à~k dkfhjk ~kts nheb hn Rhjav) d{r sh{ bh ehr ih~k `cj% @k vasv ràr

ih~k wcii fhjk iarkt) ràr `k ek~kt k~ke jkr `cv wcnk dknhtk `k jattckb `kt% Ehw wàr8




Nht Fà|rkt >= Fhjjhe Abm{vrjker Cvv{kv

Fherker h~kt~ckw Ce r`cv vkvvche rtacekkv wcii fherce{k rh kp|ihtk aeb bkk|ke r`kct

{ebktvraebceo hn fhjjhe fthvv*f{ir{tai abm{vrjker cvv{kv) ehr heis he

a okektai ik~ki d{r he a |ktvheai hek av wkii%Hdmkfrc~kv Rh |tkbcfr w`cf` abm{vrjker cvv{kv rtacekkv kp|kfr rh dk jhvr

fàiikeoceo%nht%r`kj%|ktvheaiis

Rh bk~kih| vrtarkockv nht tkvhi~ceo fàiikeoceo abm{vrjker |thdikjv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Hek fh|s |kt rtacekk hn r`k àebh{r ’Fhjjhe Abm{vrjker Cvv{kv‚

Bkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ Certhb{fk r`k |{t|hvk) av oc~ke adh~k) aeb bcvrtcd{rk r`k

àebh{r

Vrk| 4 ‒ Avg rtacekkv rh fhj|ikrk r`k àebh{r cebc~cb{aiis% Rkii r`kj

r`ks wcii dk avgkb rh vàtk wcr` r`k oth{| r`k |thdikj r`ks taegkb ave{jdkt hek%

Vrk| 6 ‒ _`ke k~ktshek àv ecv`kb) oh bhwe r`th{o` r`k icvr hn ecek

crkjv aeb nht kaf` crkj avg |kh|ik rh tacvk r`kct àeb cn r`cv |thdikj

wav e{jdkt hek he r`kct icvr% \kh|ik wcr` r`k vajk e{jdkt hek

|thdikj v`h{ib r`ke okr rhokr`kt aeb vàtk v{ookvrchev nht fh|ceo wcr

r`cv |thdikj%

Airktearc~k Vrk| 6 ‒ Aehr`kt was rh |thfkvv r`k kpktfcvk= _`ke |kh|ik

à~k ecv`kb) bkrktjcek w`cf` atk r`k nh{t ht ~k jhvr fhjjhe

e{jdkt hek crkjv (ds ohceo r`th{o` r`k icvr) avgceo nht a v`hw hn

àebv) aeb fh{erceo#% Icvr r`kvk |thdikjv he a c|fàtr aeb r`ke avg

nht aeb icvr |kh|ik–v v{ookvrchev% Kefh{taok rtacekkv rh wtcrk bhwe r`kv{ookvrchev%nht%n{r{tk%tknktkefk

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Rtacekkv jas vas r`ks fae–r gehw ar r`cv vraok hn r`kct kp|ktckefk wàr

r`ks atk ohceo rh eb bcnf{ir adh{r icnk av a ^hi{erkkt% Afgehwikbok

ràr r`cv cv rt{k) aeb r`ke avg r`kj rh rts aeswas) nht r`k vagk hn r`k

{vkn{i bcvf{vvche ràr fae fhjk h{r hn r`cv% Ht sh{ fae avg r`kj

wàr r`ks à~k `katb hr`kt ^hi{erkktv vas cv r`k jhvr bcnf{ir adh{r

abm{vrceo

%




Fhjjhe Abm{vrjker Cvv{kv

Rtacekk @aebh{r

Ce okektai) hi{erkktv rkeb rh aotkk he wàr r`ks eb r`k àtbkvr adh{r vkt~ceo ce r`k \kafk Fht|v%

Dkihw cv a icvr hn r`k jhvr fhjjhe fhj|iacerv) ce eh |atrcf{iat htbkt% Tkab r`k icvr aeb r`ke f`kfg r`kr`tkk crkjv sh{ r`ceg sh{ wcii eb (ht à~k aitkabs nh{eb# kv|kfcaiis bcnf{ir%

XXXX%Ihekicekvv%aebht%cvhiarche

XXXX%R`k%thik%ht%rtkarjker%hn%whjke%ce*fh{erts

XXXX @kair` fhebcrchev ht okrrceo vcfg

XXXX%[evarcvnafrhts%`h{vceo%vcr{arche

XXXX @hw iheo cr ragkv rh okr r`ceov bhek ce*fh{erts

XXXX%Vankrs%fhefktev

XXXX Nkkiceo hn dkceo he bcv|ias) iafg hn |tc~afs ht aehesjcrs

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CVV[K R_H=

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CVV[K R@TKK=

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N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C= Fhefk|r hn r`k Vkin

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk aiihwv rtacekkv rh bkk|ke r`kct {ebktvraebceo hn r`kfhefk|r%hn%vkin%aeb%wasv%ce%w`cf`%cr%jaecnkvrv%ce%tkai%vcr{archev

Hdmkfrc~kv Rh bkvftcdk `hw r`k fhefk|r hn vkin jco`r jaecnkvr ce tkai vcr{archev

Rh bcvf{vv |hvvcdik tkafrchev rh fàiikeokv ràr bcnnktceo fhefk|rv hn vkin fae |hvk ce r`k whtg hn ^hi{erkktv

Rcjk% 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Fh|ckv%hn%r`k%rtacekk%àebh{rv%’N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%C=%Fhefk|r%hn%Vkin)‚ Thik \iasv Hek aeb Rwh

\tk|atarche Fh|s r`k rwh àebh{rv aeb r`ke f{r r`k fh|ckv ce àin nht bcvrtcd{rche rhr`k%rwh%|atrektv%ce%kaf`%thik%|ias

Cn |hvvcdik) bcvrtcd{rk r`k thikv rh r`k rwh |atrektv a bas ht vh dknhtk r`kafr{ai vkvvche) vh r`ks fae |tafrcfk wàr r`ks atk ohceo rh vas% Jagk v{tk

ràr kaf` |atrekt okrv rh bh hek thik |ias av r`k ^hi{erkkt aeb r`k vkfhebthik |ias av r`k `hvr fh{erts earcheai% \atrektv v`h{ib ehr dk aiihwkb rhtkab kaf` hr`kt–v thik) heis r`k hekv r`ks atk oc~ke ds r`k rtacekt%

Rkii ^hi{erkktv rh tkab r`k thikv aeb |tk|atk wàr r`ks atk ohceo rh vasw`ke%r`k%rcjk%fhjkv%R`ks%v`h{ib%rts%rh%tk|tkvker%r`k%cebc~cb{aicvr%ht%fhiikfrc~cvr |hcer hn ~ckw av j{f` av r`ks fae) d{r r`ks bhe–r à~k rhnkki fhj|ikrkis dhpkb ce ce ràr tkoatb% R`ks bh ehr ekfkvvatcis à~k rhfhjk rh a tkvhi{rche hn r`k |thdikj% Aivh) rkii r`kj r`ks wcii dk bhceor`k thik |iasv hek*he*hek) wcr` kaf` hr`kt) aeb ehr ce nther hn r`k fiavv

Bkic~kts%% Vrk| 1 ‒ He r`k bas hn r`k kpktfcvk) à~k kaf` |act bh Thik \ias Hek%Aiihw nthj ; rh 1< jce{rkv) aeb r`ke rktjceark r`k |iasceo%

Vrk| 4 ‒ Ikab a bcvf{vvche ds avgceo `hw r`ceov wker aeb à~k ~atch{v |actv tkiark `hw r`k |ias {enhibkb% [vk r`k nhiihwceo bkdtckn q{kvrchev=

_`h ohr `cv ht `kt was ce r`k |ias8

_`s bcb ràr |ktvhe |tk~aci8

_av cr àtb |iasceo r`k `hvr fh{erts thik8

@hw bcb sh{ nkki av r`cv wav {enhibceo8

_àr bcb sh{ ikate nthj r`cv kp|ktckefk8

Vrk| 6 ‒ Certhb{fk Thik \ias Rwh avgceo rtacekkv bh r`k vkfheb thik |ias) fàeoceo |atrv%

Vrk| 2 ‒ Bkdtckn Thik \ias Rwh {vceo r`k q{kvrchev adh~k aeb r`knhiihwceo abbcrcheai q{kvrche%

Ehw ràr sh{ à~k |iaskb dhr` r`k ^hi{erkkt thik aeb r`k `hvr fh{ertsthik)w`cf`wavàtbkt8_`s8

\hrkercai Cvv{kv Vhjk rtacekkv jas ehr nkki ~kts fhjnhtradik bhceo thik |iasv% R`cvcv%w`s%sh{%v`h{ib% aeb%h{r%r`k%thikv%a`kab%hn%rcjk%Sh{%v`h{ib%aivh%kj|àvc}k%ràr%r`ks%wcii%ehr%|ktnhtj%r`k%thik%|iasv%ce%nther%hn%ae%

a{bckefk7 heis wcr` r`kct |atrekt%



<< y F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk

N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C= Fhefk|r hn r`k Vkin

Rtacekk @aebh{r

THIK \IAS HEK= @KI\CEO A NTCKEB

Thik 1= R`k ^hi{erkkt

Sh{ atk a rkaf`kt ce a `co` vf`hhi% Rhbas wav r`k bas hn ae cj|htraer kpaj w`cf` sh{ oa~k rh sh{t

fiavv% B{tceo r`k fh{tvk hn r`k kpaj) sh{ ehrcfkb hek vr{bker w`cv|ktceo rh r`k vr{bker vcrrceo ekatds%

R`cv à||kekb tk|karkbis aeb sh{ wktk adik rh kvradicv` dksheb aes bh{dr ràr r`k hek vr{bker) Ohia)

wav oc~ceo aevwktv rh r`k hr`kt% Sh{ àb watekb sh{t vr{bkerv adh{r r`cv dknhtk) aeb ehw sh{ à~k

ragke r`k afrche sh{ vacb sh{ wh{ib= sh{ fhevfarkb r`k |a|ktv hn dhr` vr{bkerv) vker r`kj h{r hn r`k

fiavv) aeb wcii oc~k r`kj dhr` a }kth nht r`cv kpaj% Cr cv ehw r`k keb hn fiavv) aeb Ohia àv fhjk rh

vkk%sh{

Thik%4=%R`k%Vr{bker

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sh{t ntckeb) w`ke r`k rkaf`kt v{bbkeis rhhg sh{t kpajv awas nthj dhr` hn sh{ aeb vker sh{ h{r hn

r`k fiavv) kp|iaceceo ràr sh{ wh{ib dhr` dk oc~ke a }kth nht r`cv kpaj% R`cv jkaev sh{ wcii |thdadisehr kate a `co` keh{o` otabk ce r`cv fiavv rh q{aicns nht r`k rtabk vf`hhi sh{ atk |iaeeceo rh arrkeb%

Sh{ wktk `ki|ceo sh{t ntckeb dkfa{vk `k cv wkag ce r`cv v{dmkfr aeb wh{ib |thdadis ehr à~k |avvkb

r`cv kpaj wcr`h{r sh{t `ki|) aeb cn `k bcbe–r |avv `k wh{ib dk ~kts kjdattavvkb rh rkii `cv |atkerv%

R`k rwh hn sh{) w`h atk dkvr ntckebv) à~k aiwasv `ki|kb kaf` hr`kt icgk r`cv) aeb ce sh{t f{ir{tk sh{

fhevcbkt cr vkiv` aeb vàjkn{i rh wcr``hib cenhtjarche ht aes gceb hn `ki| nthj a ntckeb cn sh{ atk

adik rh hnnkt ràr `ki|%

Sh{ r`ceg sh{t rkaf`kt àv dkke ~kts {enact rh rtkar r`cv vcr{arche ce v{f` a vk~ktk jaeekt) aeb sh{

à~k fhjk dafg anrkt r`k fiavv rh bcvf{vv r`k jarrkt aeb avg nht a jhtk na~htadik tkvhi{rche% Sh{t

n{r{tk ic~kic`hhb jas dk ar vragk `ktk) aeb k~ke cn cr cve–r) sh{ dkick~k sh{ à~k dkke |keaic}kb nht

wàr cv heis |th|kt dkà~cht ce sh{t f{ir{tk% Cn r`k rkaf`kt àb waerkb rh o{atb aoacevr f`karceo)

r`ke `k v`h{ib à~k bhek wàr aii rkaf`ktv bh= |{r q{kvrchev he r`k rkvr ràr eh hek àv vr{bckb ht fae%aevwkt

%



F{ir{tk Jarrktv Rtacekt–v O{cbk y <

THIK \IAS R_H= A EK_ FHJ\[RKT

Thik 1= ^hi{erkkt Mafg Ohtbhe

Sh{ atk avvcoekb rh r`k ihfai `kair` ficecf w`ktk sh{ whtg av ae affh{eraer aeb avvcvraer rh r`k

abjcecvrtarht% R`k ficecf cv t{e ds a dhatb hn h~ktvkktv w`h jkkr hefk a jher` rh bcvf{vv |hicfckv

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ficecf) |th~cbkb r`k dhatb aotkkv rh |as r`k hr`kt àin%

Sh{ gehw ràr rwh hn r`k vkecht) iheokvr*vkt~ceo dhatb jkjdktv atk aoacevr v|kebceo jheks he a

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fae bh r`k tkvr hn r`k whtg% Sh{ aivh gehw ràr r`k tkvr hn r`k dhatb) r`k vcp hr`kt h~ktvkktv) v{||htr

d{sceo r`k ekw fhj|{rkt% Sh{ à~k r`ktknhtk m{vr avgkb r`k abjcecvrtarht rh dtceo r`k jarrkt {| ar r`k

ekpr jherìs jkkrceo) w`cf` cv r`cv Ntcbas% Sh{ gehw cn r`ktk cv a ~hrk) sh{ wcii wce% Aeb) ds r`k was)

cn sh{ bhe–r d{s r`k fhj|{rkt wcr`ce r`k ekpr r`tkk wkkgv) r`k bhearceo htoaec}arche wcii wcr`btaw

crv hnnkt% A eai jhrc~arceo nafrht cv a fktrace arraf`jker sh{ à~k rh dkceo adik rh vas ràr sh{ wktk

tkv|hevcdik nht okrrceo r`k ficecf a vkfheb fhj|{rkt%

Thik%4=%R`k%Abjcecvrtarht

Sh{ atk r`k abjcecvrtarht hn r`k `kair` ficecf w`ktk ^hi{erkkt Mafg Ohtbhe whtgv av sh{t avvcvraeraeb gkk|v r`k ficecf–v dhhgv% Mafg àv dkke vasceo nht vhjk rcjk ràr r`k ficecf ekkbv a vkfheb

fhj|{rkt rh àebik crv ceftkavceois fhj|icfarkb affh{erceo ekkbv) aeb sh{ aotkk% Ehw Mafg àv

nh{eb ae htoaec}arche ce r`k fa|crai ràr cv wciiceo rh bheark àin r`k fhvr hn r`k fhj|{rkt cn r`k dhatb

hn h~ktvkktv w`cf` t{ev r`k ficecf wcii aotkk rh |as r`k hr`kt àin% R`cv hnnkt cv heis ohhb nht r`k ekpr

r`tkk wkkgv) anrkt w`cf` cr wcii dk wcr`btawe% Mafg àv m{vr avgkb sh{ rh dtceo r`k jarrkt {| nht a ~hrk

ar r`k ekpr jherìs jkkrceo) r`cv Ntcbas%

Sh{ gehw ràr w`cik a jamhtcrs hn r`k h~ktvkktv he r`k dhatb cv ce na~ht hn r`k |{tfàvk) r`k rwh jhvr

vkecht) iheokvr*vkt~ceo jkjdktv atk aoacevr cr% R`ks dkick~k ràr r`k ficecf àv jaeaokb ~kts wkii wcr`

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ehr waer rh tcvg hnnkebceo r`kj aeb r`ktknhtk bh ehr waer rh dtceo r`cv jarrkt rh a ~hrk {erci sh{ fae

dtceo r`kj ath{eb rh r`k jamhtcrs ~ckw% Sh{ gehw) `hwk~kt) ràr r ar wcii ragk iheokt ràe r k r`tkk*

wkkg wcebhw hn h||htr{ecrs ràr àv dkke jabk a~aciadik rh sh{% K~ke vh) sh{ nkki vrtheois ràr ce

r`k keb àtjhes he r`k dhatb cv hn j{f` otkarkt ~ai{k rh r`k ficecf ràe a vkfheb fhj|{rkt%

%




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CC= \ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv kpktfcvk aiihwv rtacekkv rh bkk|ke r`kct {ebktvraebceo hn r`k

fhefk|r hn |ktvheai ~v% vhfckrai hdicoarchev) aeb `hw r`cv fhefk|r fae

jaecnkvr%ce%tkai%vcr{archevHdmkfrc~kv Rh bkvftcdk hw r`k fhefk|r hn |ktvheai ~v% vhfckrai hdicoarchev jco`r

jaecnkvr%ce%tkai%vcr{archev

Rh bcvf{vv |hvvcdik tkafrchev rh fàiikeokv ràr bcnnktceo fhefk|rv hn

|ktvheai aeb vhfckrai hdicoarchev fae |hvk ce r`k whtg hn hi{erkktv

Rcjk 1%`h{t

Jarktcaiv Fh|ckv%hn%r`k%rtacekk%àebh{rv%’N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%CC=%\ktvheai%

~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev)‚ Thik \iasv Hek aeb Rwh%

\tk|atarche Fh|s r`k rwh àebh{rv aeb r`ke f{r r`k fh|ckv ce àin nht bcvrtcd{rche rh

r`k%rwh%|atrektv%ce%kaf`%thik%|ias

Cn |hvvcdik) bcvrtcd{rk r`k thikv rh r`k rwh |atrektv a bas ht vh dknhtk

r`ks wcii keafr r`kj% Jagk v{tk ràr kaf` |atrekt |ktnhtjv hek thik

|ias av r`k hi{erkkt aeb r`k vkfheb thik |ias av r`k `hvr fh{erts

earcheai% \atrektv v`h{ib ehr dk aiihwkb rh tkab kaf` hr`kt–v thik) heis

r`k hekv r`ks atk oc~ke ds r`k rtacekt%

Rkii ^hi{erkktv rh tkab r`k thikv aeb |tk|atk wàr r`ks atk ohceo rh bh

w`ke%r`k%rcjk%fhjkv%R ks%v`h{ib%rts%rh%tk|tkvker%r`k%{ec~ktvaicvr%ht%

|atrcf{iatcvr |hcer hn ~ckw av j{f` av r`ks fae) d{r r ks bhe–r à~k rh

nkki fhj|ikrkis dhpkb ce ce ràr tkoatb% R`ks bh ehr ekfkvvatcis à~k rh

fhjk rh a tkvhi{rche hn r`k |thdikj% Aivh) rkii r`kj r`ks wcii dk bhceo

r`k thik |iasv hek*he*hek) wcr` kaf` hr`kt) aeb ehr ce nther hn r`k fiavvBkic~kts% Vrk| 1 ‒ He r`k bas hn r`k kpktfcvk) à~k kaf` |act bh Thik \ias Hek%

Aiihw nthj ; rh 1< jce{rkv) aeb r`ke rktjceark r`k |iasceo%

Vrk| 4 ‒ Ikab a bcvf{vvche ds avgceo `hw r`ceov wker aeb à~k ~atch{v

|actv tkiark `hw r`k |ias {enhibkb% [vk r`k nhiihwceo bkdtckn q{kvrchev=

_`h ohr `cv ht `kt was ce r`k |ias8





% Vrk| 6 ‒ Avg rtacekkv rh |ktnhtj Thik \ias Rwh) fàeoceo |atrv%

Vrk| 2 ‒ Nhiihw r`cv wcr` a vkfheb bcvf{vvche) {vceo r`k q{kvrchev ce

Vrk| 4 adh~k) aeb abbceo r`k nhiihwceo q{kvrche=

Ehw ràr sh{ à~k |iaskb dhr` r`k ^hi{erkkt thik aeb r`k `hvr fh{erts

thik) w`cf` wav àtbkt8 _`s8




\hrkercai Cvv{kv Vhjk rtacekkv jas ehr nkki ~kts fhjnhtradik bhceo thik |iasv% R`cv

cv%w`s%sh{%v`h{ib% aeb%h{r%r`k%thikv%a`kab%hn%rcjk%Sh{%v`h{ib%aivh%

kj|`avc}k r`ar r`ks wcii |ktnhtj r`k thik |iasv ce nther hn ae a{bckefk7

heis%wcr`%r`kct%|atrekt




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CC= \ktvheai ~v% Vhfckrai Hdicoarchev

Rtacekk @aebh{r

THIK \IAS HEK= R@K @KAIR@ V[T^KS


Av a hi{erkkt) sh{ atk whtgceo he a kair` kb{farche |thmkfr ce sh{t ~ciiaok% R`k |thmkfr cv adh{r rh

fheb{fr ae cj|htraer `kair` v{t~ks ce sh{t tkoche) aeb sh{ atk ce fàtok hn `ctceo a e{jdkt hn v{t~ks

ragktv nht r`tkk jher`v– whtr` hn whtg% R`kvk cebc~cb{aiv ekkb rh v|kag a fktrace ihfai bcaikfr aeb wcii

à~k rh |th~cbk r`kct hwe rtaev|htrarche) w`cf` wcii dk a dcfsfik ce jhvr favkv%

Rheco`r ar bceekt) r`k jhr`kt ce r`k najcis sh{ ic~k wcr` àv m{vr avgkb sh{ rh `ctk `kt vhe nht r`cv

|thmkfr% R`k vhe bhkv ehr v|kag r`k iaeo{aok aeb r k najcis bhkv ehr hwe a dcfsfik% Jhtkh~kt) r`k vhe

àv ae aifh`hi |thdikj aeb wav tkfkeris ikr oh nthj `cv mhd ce a ihfai faeeceo nafrhts% R`kvk k~kerv

à~k {|vkr r`k najcis fhevcbktadis) aeb r`ks atk ihhgceo nht a was rh tkàdcicrark r`kct tk|{rarche aeb

rh `ki| r`kct vhe r{te `cv icnk ath{eb% Sh{ atk otarkn{i rh r`cv najcis nht aii r`ks à~k bhek nht sh{) d{r

sh{ gehw cn sh{ vratr `ctceo ’ntckebv)‚ r`ktk atk jaes jhtk w`ktk r`cv dhs fajk nthj% Jhtkh~kt) sh{nkat r`cv dhs fh{ib mkh|atbc}k r`k v{ffkvv hn r`cv v{t~ks) vhjkr`ceo sh{ à~k v|ker r`k iavr skat hn

sh{t%vkt~cfk%|tk|atceo%nht

Thik%4=%R`k%@hvr%Jhr`kt

Sh{ atk r`k jhr`kt ce r`k najcis w`ktk r`k ihfai ^hi{erkkt ic~kv% V`k cv whtgceo he a `kair` kb{farche

|thmkfr ce sh{t ~ciiaok) aeb v`k cv adh{r rh `ctk vk~ktai v{t~ks ragktv nht a r`tkk*jher` `kair v{t~ks rh dk fheb{frkb ce r`cv tkoche% Ar bceekt rheco`r) sh{ atk adh{r rh avg r`k hi{erkkt rh vkikfr sh{t vhe nht

hek hn r`kvk rkj|htats |hvcrchev% Sh{ {ebktvraeb ràr sh{t vhe ekkbv rh v|kag a fktrace ihfai bcaikfr

aeb à~k a dcfsfik rh q{aicns nht r`cv |hvcrche% _`cik `k bhkv ehr v|kag r`k bcaikfr ~kts wkii) `k fh{ib

ikate (ht ragk a ntckeb aiheo w`h fae rtaeviark nht `cj#) aeb sh{ atk v{tk `k fae vhjk`hw jaeaok

wcr`h{r a dcfsfik%

Sh{ atk aivh a icrrik whttckb adh{r sh{t vhe) w`h àv ae aifh`hi |thdikj aeb tkfkeris ihvr `cv mhd

ar r`k faeeceo nafrhts% R`kvk k~kerv à~k dth{o`r vàjk {|he sh{t najcis) aeb sh{ ekkb rh tkvrhtk

r`k najcis–v tk|{rarche% Cn sh{t vhe ohr hek hn r`kvk mhdv) cr wh{ib oh a iheo was rh kavk r`k najcis–v

kjdattavvjker% Sh{ à~k dkke ~kts gceb aeb `ki|n{i rh r`cv ^hi{erkkt) aeb sh{ dkick~k ràr av sh{t

’ba{o`rkt‚ v`k v`h{ib dk wciiceo rh tkr{te vhjk hn sh{t gcebekvv ds `ki|ceo sh{ ce r`cv bcnf{ir

vcr{arche% Anrkt aii) wàr cv r`k jkaeceo hn ntckebv`c| cn ehr rh `ki| hr`ktv h{r w`ke sh{ atk ce a |hvcrche rh bh vh8 Sh{ wh{ib fktraceis oc~k `kt vhe a mhd cn r`k radikv wktk r{tekb%

%




THIK \IAS R_H= A OTAER NTHJ \KAFK FHT\V%

%

Thik 1= ^hi{erkkt M{ick R`hjav

Sh{ atk hek hn rwh ^hi{erkktv ce sh{t rhwe% Sh{ rkaf` ar a ihfai vf`hhi aeb r`k hr`kt ^hi{erkkt

whtgv ar r`k ht|àeaok) w`ktk sh{ vhjkrcjkv ~hi{erkkt he r`k wkkgkebv% Vk~ktai jher`v aoh r`k

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Fsebs%àv%iknr





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Rtacekk @aebh{r

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aiwasv%à~k%rcjk%nht%sh{%

%





Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv%vkvvche%wcii%aiihw%rtacekkv%rh%bkk|ke%r`kct%{ebktvraebceo%hn%r k%

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Ehw ràr sh{ à~k |iaskb dhr` r`k ^hi{erkkt thik aeb r`k `hvr

fh{ertsthik)w`cf`wavàtbkt8_`s8




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Rtacekk @aebh{r

THIK \IAS HEK= R@K DTHGKE DTCBOK


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à~k%rh%wacr%aehr`kt%14%jher`v




THIK \IAS R_H= BTCEGCEO _ARKT


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fhebker ràr cn sh{ fae fheb{fr r`kvk abbcrcheai vr{bckv% Anrkt aii) vcp à~k dkke bhek h~kt r`k iavr

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kicjcearkb vcp hn r`kvk% Cn sh{ fh{ib cbkercns r`k |hii{raer) cr fh{ib dk fherthiikb aeb r`k |kh|ik ce r`cv

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Thik%4=%Bctkfrht%hn%Vaecrarche

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cr wcii |thdadis dk a||th~kb% M{vr rhbas) r`k ^hi{erkkt àv fhjk rh avg sh{ rh a||th~k v{f` a tkq{kvr%

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rh abjcr bknkar aeb oh rh whtg he hr`kt |tkvvceo |thdikjv ràr `hib h{r r`k |thjcvk hn dkceo vhi~kb

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r`cv vfai skat) cr wcii m{vr dk ragke h{r hn n{ebv katjatgkb nht vhjk hr`kt icek crkj nht sh{t |th~cefk

nht ekpr skat%




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk Tk~ckw= R`k Jcecvrkt hn F{ir{tk

Fherker H~kt~ckw R`cv vkvvche aiihwv rtacekkv rh bkk|ke r`kct {ebktvraebceo hn kco`r gks

fhefk|rv hn f{ir{tk ds à~ceo rh abh|r hek hn r`k fhefk|rv av r`kct hwe

|ktv|kfrc~k%aeb%bknkeb%r`kct%|hcer%hn%~ckw

Hdmkfrc~kv% Rh%atrcf{iark%r`k%~ai{k%hn%kaf`%hn%r`k%h||hvceo%|hikv%tkiarkb%rh%nh{t%

bcjkevchev hn f{ir{tk= r`k fhefk|r hn vkin) |ktvheai ~v% vhfckrai

hdicoarchev) r`k fhefk|r hn rcjk) aeb r`k ihf{v hn fherthi

Rcjk Ar ikavr 1; jce{rkv rh certhb{fk r`k kpktfcvk ce ab~aefk7 4 `h{tv nht r`k

kpktfcvk

Jarktcaiv% Hek%fh|s%|kt%rtacekk%hn%r`k%àebh{r%’N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%Tk~ckw=%

R`k Jcecvrkt hn F{ir{tk%‚

\tk|atarche Rtacekkv wcii ekkb rh |tk|atk nht r`cv vkvvche ce ab~aefk% Bcvrtcd{rk r`k

àebh{r ar ikavr hek bas dknhtk r`k vkvvche aeb avg rtacekkv rh tkab cr%

Ar r`k vajk rcjk) f`hhvk hek |ktvhe rh |ias r`k Jcecvrkt% R`cv |ktvhe

wcii à~k rh jagk {| q{kvrchev nht kaf` bcjkevche) bkfcbk r`k wceekt

nht kaf` bcjkevche) aeb kp|iace w`s `kv`k f`hvk ràr wceekt%

% Bc~cbk%r`k%rtacekkv%cerh%kco`r%rkajv%aeb%avvcoe%kaf`%rkaj%hek%hn%r`k%

kco`r |hvcrchev rh dk tk|tkvkerkb= cebc~cb{aicvr) fhiikfrc~cvr) {ec~ktvaicvr)

|atrcf{iatcvr) jhehf`thecf) |hisf`thecf) afrc~cvr) aeb naraicvr% Rtacektv

jas%aivh%aiihw%rkajv%bkfcbk%ajheo%r`kjvki~kv%w`cf`%|hvcrche%r`ks%

waer rh tk|tkvker) kev{tceo ràr aii kco`r |hvvcdcicrckv atk f`hvke%

Kp|iace ràr kaf` hn r`k kco`r rkajv wcii à~k rke jce{rkv rh jagk r`kct

favk aeb ràr r`ks v`h{ib vkikfr a v|kagkt ht v|kagktv%

Bkic~kts%% Vrk| 1 ‒ Ce~crk r`k rkaj tk|tkvkerceo hek vcbk hn r`k tvr N{ebajkerairh jagk crv favk rh r`k Jcecvrkt% Dk v{tk rh rcjk r`k |tkvkerarche aeb

tkjceb rtacekkv r`ks wcii dk vrh||kb anrkt 1< jce{rkv%

% Vrk| 4 ‒ Aiihw r`k Jcecvrkt ~k jce{rkv rh q{kvrche r`k rkaj%

Vrk| 6 ‒ R`k%rkaj%tk|tkvkerceo%r`k%hr`kt%bcjkevche%hn%r`k%fhefk|r%

ehw àv 1< jce{rkv rh |tkvker crv favk) nhiihwkb ds ~k jce{rkv hn

q{kvrchev aeb aevwktv%

% Vrk| 2 ‒ R`k Jcecvrkt jagkv `cv ht `kt bkfcvche ht avgv r`k a{bckefk

rh%~hrk

Vrk| ; ‒ R`k%tkjaceceo%r`tkk%rkajv%|tkvker%r`kct%favkv%aeb%a%~hrk%cv%

ragke (ht bkfcvche cv jabk# ar r`k keb hn kaf`%




N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk Tk~ckw= R`k Jcecvrkt hn F{ir{tk

Rtacekk @aebh{r

Sh{ atk dkceo ce~crkb rh ragk |atr ce ae {e{v{ai kp|ktcjker% A oth{| hn ce{kercai cebc~cb{aiv nthj

ath{eb r`k whtib‒R`k Nh{ebktv‒à~k nhtjkb ae htoaec}arche aeb |{tfàvkb ae {eceàdcrkb rtafrhn iaeb r`k vc}k hn r`k vrark hn Jatsiaeb% R`ks cerkeb rh ftkark a ekw fh{erts he r`cv iaeb) w`cf` cv

ihfarkb ar r`k vajk iarcr{bk aeb àv r`k vajk wkar`kt) rh|hota|`s) aeb ear{tai tkvh{tfkv av r`k Jcb*

Ariaercf vrarkv hn r`k [VA% Dkfa{vk r`cv cv a ekw fh{erts) cr fae à~k wàrk~kt f{ir{tk R`k Nh{ebktv

bkfcbk%{|he%

R`cv anrktehhe) sh{ wcii à~k ae a{bckefk wcr` r`k |ktvhe w`h àv dkke vkikfrkb rh dk r`k Jcecvrkt hn

F{ir{tk nht r`cv fh{erts% R`cv |ktvhe àv avgkb sh{ rh jagk tkfhjjkebarchev nht r`k ekw f{ir{tk ce

nh{t%jamht%atkav=

1% V`h{ib r`k f{ir{tk dk cebc~cb{aicvr ht fhiikfrc~cvr8 (N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv#

4% V`h{ib r`k f{ir{tk dk {ec~ktvaicvr ht |atrcf{iatcvr8 (N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CC hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv#

6% V`h{ib r k f{ir{tk dk jhehf`thecf ht |hisf`thecf8 (N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk CCC hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv#

2% V`h{ib r`k f{ir{tk dk afrc~cvr ht naraicvr8 (N{ebajkeraiv hn F{ir{tk C^ hn F{ir{tk Jarrktv#

Sh{ ht sh{t rkaj à~k dkke avvcoekb (ht vkikfrkb# hek vcbk ht r`k hr`kt hn hek hn r`kvk bcjkevchev)

aeb sh{ atk dkceo avgkb rh |tk|atk a dtckn |tkvkerarche rh r`k Jcecvrkt jagceo a favk nht w`s `kv`k

v`h{ib vkikfr sh{t airktearc~k% Sh{t |tkvkerarche v`h{ib kprhi r`k vrtkeor`v aeb ab~aeraokv hn sh{t

vcbk hn r`k bcjkevche aeb |hcer h{r r`k wkagekvvkv aeb bcvab~aeraokv hn r`k hr`kt vcbk% Sh{ v`h{ib

aivh dk |tk|atkb rh aevwkt aes q{kvrchev r`k Jcecvrkt jas avg%

Sh{ wcii a~k a||thpcjarkis rke jce{rkv nht sh{t |tkvkerarche) |i{v rcjk rh aevwkt q{kvrchev

r`k Jcecvrkt jas |{r rh sh{% Sh{t |tkvkerarche wcii dk cjjkbcarkis |tkfkbkb ht nhiihwkb ds r`k

|tkvkerarche hn r`hvk tk|tkvkerceo r`k h||hvcrk ~ckw hn sh{t bcjkevche% Cn sh{ atk |atr hn a rkaj) sh{

v`h{ib vkikfr a v|kagkt(v# w`h wcii afr{aiis jagk r`k |tkvkerarche% Sh{t ohai cv rh |tkvker sh{t favk ce

v{f` a was ràr r`k Jcecvrkt f`hhvkv sh{t vcbk hn r`k ato{jker% Nkki ntkk rh jagk aes ~cv{ai acbv sh{

waer) rh faii kp|ktr wcrekvvkv) ht rh bh aesr`ceo kivk w`cf` jco`r vrtkeor`ke sh{t favk% Ohhb i{fg%




\ATR NH[T=

Abbcrcheai Tkvh{tfkv nht Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtacektv

Fhjjhe Fhj|iacerv Adh{r Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo‒

aeb @hw rh @aebik R`kj

R`ktk atk vk~ktai fhjjhe fhefktev ràr jhvr \kafk Fht|v fthvv*f{ir{tai rtacektv à~k rh bkai wcr`)

{v{aiis ce r`k nhtj hn fhj|iacerv hn hek gceb ht aehr`kt nthj rtacekkv aeb hi{erkktv% R`k jhvr

fhjjhe fhj|iacerv à~k dkke icvrkb dkihw) aiheo wcr` v{ookvrchev he `hw rtacektv fae àebik ht

tkv|heb%rh%r`kvk%cvv{kv

C% Dkfa{vk hn r`kct ~kts icjcrkb kp|ktckefk ce*fh{erts) rtacekkv faeehr cbkercns wcr` ht bh ehr

dkick~k r`ks wcii kp|ktckefk jaes hn r`k |thdikjv bcvf{vvkb ce r`k fthvv*f{ir{tai fhj|heker%

R`cv cv hek hn r`k jhvr bcnf{ir |thdikjv rtacektv wcii nafk= r`k nafr ràr rtacekkv) w`h à~k ehr

skr ic~kb ht whtgkb ce r`k f{ir{tk) bh ehr vkk r`k cjjkbcark tkik~aefk hn fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo%

_`ktkav rtacekkv gehw (nthj kp|ktckefk# ràr r`ks ekkb iaeo{aok rtaceceo aeb fae cjaocek

(aivh nthj kp|ktckefk# ràr r`ks ekkb ohhb rkfècfai rtaceceo) r`ks ekcr`kt gehw eht fae skr

cjaocek r`ks wcii ekkb fthvv*f{ir{tai vgciiv% Ce a rtaceceo |thotaj ràr cv aitkabs ihabkb wcr`

jaes kvvkercai rh|cfv) cr–v eh whebkt rtacekkv tkmkfr rh|cfv r`ks fhevcbkt ehekvvkercai%

R`k fàiikeok nht rtacektv) r`ke) cv rh fhe~cefk rtacekkv ràr fthvv*f{ir{tai vgciiv aeb gehwikbok

atk ekfkvvats% Hek was rh bh r`cv cv rh tko{iatis {vk `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv aeb ^hi{erkktv ce

fthvv*f{ir{tai vkvvchev) |kh|ik w`h fae ~ktcns ràr r`kvk f{ir{tai rh|cfv bh fa{vk tkai |thdikjv

nht ^hi{erkktv aeb ekkb rh dk kpajcekb% ^hi{erkktv w`h rkii vrhtckv adh{r r`kct fthvv*f{ir{tai

kp|ktckefkv fae dk ~kts fhe~cefceo%

Rtacektv jas f`hhvk rh bh a dtckn vkvvche katis ce rtaceceo rh ihhg ar r`k jhvr fhjjhe fa{vkv hn

^hi{erkkt nt{vrtarche aeb katis rktjcearche ce*fh{erts% Rh |tk|atk nht r`cv rs|k hn vkvvche) v{t~ks\kafk Fht|v vrann) `hvr fh{erts earcheai rtacektv) aeb vkt~ceo hi{erkktv) avgceo r`kj w`cf`

hn r`k r`tkk fhj|hekerv hn rtaceceo‒iaeo{aok) rkfècfai) aeb fthvv*f{ir{tai‒cv jhvr hnrke

icegkb rh katis rktjcearche% Avg tkv|hebkerv rh taeg r`kvk r`tkk fhj|hekerv nthj hek rh r`tkk

ce htbkt hn fa{vk hn katis rktjcearchev (hek kq{aiv jhvr fhjjhe fa{vk#% Ce jhvr fh{ertckv) r`k

fthvv*f{ir{tai fhj|heker wcii taeg av r`k jhvr fhjjhe fa{vk% \tkvker sh{t bara rh rtacekkv=

e{jdkt hn |kh|ik v{t~kskb aeb e{jdkt hn |kh|ik ràr taegkb fthvv*f{ir{tai av r`k e{jdkt hek

|thdikj% Bcvf{vv w`s vh jaes |kh|ik f`hvk r`cv fhj|heker% Bhceo vh v`h{ib `ki| cii{vrtark

`hw cj|htraer fthvv*f{ir{tai cvv{kv atk nht hi{erkktv%

CC% Rtacekkv bh ehr icgk jagceo okektaic}archev adh{r r`k hvr fh{erts ht adh{r r`kct hwe fh{erts%

R`cv cv hek hn r`k jhvr fhjjhe fhj|iacerv rtacekkv jagk adh{r fthvv*f{ir{tai vkvvchev%Rtacekkv hdmkfr vrtheois rh okektaic}archev dkfa{vk r`ks rkeb rh jcecjc}k |ktvheai bcnnktkefkv%

Sh{ v`h{ib aotkk wcr` rtacekkv adh{r okektaic}archev) ràr r`ks atk ehr aiwasv aff{tark ht

tkicadik aeb ràr r`ks v`h{ib dk ragke wcr` a otace hn vair% Ar r`k vajk rcjk) sh{ v`h{ib ehrk ràr

rh raig adh{r f{ir{tk sh{ à~k rh raig adh{r |kh|ik ce oth{|v) aeb ràr cr cv ehr |hvvcdik rh raig

adh{r oth{|v hn |kh|ik wcr`h{r okektaic}ceo%




Jagceo okektaic}archev) r`ke) cv kvvkercai rh fheb{frceo fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo7 wk m{vr à~k rh

dk awatk hn r`k icjcrarchev hn okektaic}archev) a||is r kj fatkn{iis) aeb tkoatb r`kj vhjkwàr

vgk|rcfaiis% Rtacektv v`h{ib tk|kar r`cv fa{rche adh{r okektaic}archev k~kts fàefk r`ks okr%

R`cv%cvv{k%cv%aivh%abbtkvvkb%ar%vhjk%ikeor`%ce%F{ir{tk Jarrktv%{ebkt%r`k%`kabceo%’A%Fh{|ik%hn%

Fa~karv‚ w`cf` rtacektv v`h{ib kefh{taok rtacekkv rh tkab%

CCC% Rtacekkv m{vr waer icvrv hn bh–v aeb bhe–rv%

Rtacekkv atk ekt~h{v aeb bhe–r waer rh jagk jcvragkv) vh cr cv heis ear{tai nht r`kj rh waer

rh gehw bh–v aeb bhe–rv% R`ks r`ceg ràr cn r`ks gehw wàr rh bh aeb wàr ehr rh bh ce jhvr

fhjjhe vkrrceov) r`ks wcii okr aiheo ek wcr` hvr fh{erts earcheaiv% Rh tkb{fk rtacekk aepckrs)

rtacektv v`h{ib |th~cbk bh–v aeb bhe–rv w`ktk |hvvcdik aeb a||th|tcark%

Ar r`k vajk rcjk) rtacektv v`h{ib okeris |hcer h{r r`k icjcrarchev hn r`cv a||thaf` rh f{ir{tk% Bh–v

aeb bhe–rv atk ehr`ceo jhtk ràe okektaic}archev aeb atk {v{aiis ragke h{r hn fherkpr% K~kts

afrche) v{f` av ’bhe–r |avv aesr`ceo wcr` sh{t iknr àeb)‚ afr{aiis ragkv |iafk ce a ~kts v|kfcf

fherkpr% Ce v`htr) bh–v aeb bhe–rv à~k icjcrkb {vkn{iekvv aeb bh ehr a||is ce jaes vcr{archev%

C % Rtacekkv r`ceg r`k fherker hn r`k rtaceceo cv ’m{vr fhjjhe vkevk%‚

Cn fthvv*f{ir{tai vgciiv aeb gehwikbok wktk fhjjhe vkevk) r`ke wk wh{ib ehr à~k aii r`k

fiavvcf vrhtckv hn f{ir{tai jcvragkv ràr à~k fhjk bhwe rh {v r`th{o` r`k skatv) nthj r`k \kafk

Fht|v aeb e{jkth{v hr`kt htoaec}archev aeb fhj|aeckv% R`ceg hn aii r`k vrhtckv hi{erkktv

rkii hn r`k jcvragkv r`ks jabk) hn r`k rcjkv r`ks hnnkebkb |kh|ik wcr`h{r jkaeceo rh ht

k~ke gehwceo r`ks àb bhek vh% Ar r`k `katr hn r`kvk vrhtckv cv {v{aiis vhjk gceb hn f{ir{tai

jcv{ebktvraebceo ht jcvcerkt|tkrarche% R`cv fhj|iacer adh{r rtaceceo cv {v{aiis ehr jabk

anrkt r`k tvr wkkg ht rwh hn r`k |tk*vkt~cfk rtaceceo) kv|kfcaiis cn rtacekkv atk ic~ceo wcr` `hvr

najcickv

% Rtacekkv fhj|iace ràr r`kct `hvr jhr`kt ht vhjk hr`kt hvr fh{erts earcheai r`ks gehw

bhkv ehr r`ceg ht dkà~k r`k was r`k rtacekt àv bkvftcdkb r`k afrchev aeb cbkav hn |kh|ik

ce r`k `hvr fh{erts%

R`cv cvv{k cv a ~atcarche hn r`k okektaic}arche |thdikj bcvf{vvkb m{vr adh~k% Kp|iace rh rtacekkv

ràr r`ks atk ohceo rh jkkr jaes |kh|ik w`h bh ehr r r`k bkvftc|rche hn r`k rs|cfai ht okektcf

`hvr%fh{erts%|ktvhe%tknkttkb%rh%ce%fthvv*f{ir{tai%rtaceceo%vkvvchev%R`k%okektcf%`hvr%fh{erts%

earcheai bhkv ehr kpcvr% Aeb w`cik cebc~cb{ai `hvr fh{erts earcheaiv jas dk icgk r`k okektcf `hvr

fh{erts earcheai ce vhjk tkv|kfrv) r`ks wcii dk q{crk bcnnktker ce jaes hr`ktv% R`cv bhkve–r jkae

fthvv*f{ir{tai rtacektv atk cefhttkfr adh{r fhtk f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce r`k `hvr f{ir{tk) d{r heis

ràr%v{f`%nafrv%à~k%icjcrv

^C% Rtacekkv r`ceg r`ks bhe–r ekkb fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo dkfa{vk r`ks atk ic~ceo ce r`kfh{erts) |ktà|v k~ke wcr` a hvr najcis%

\hcer h{r ràr ce*fh{erts rtaceceo cv ae ce~ai{adik h||htr{ecrs nht kp|ktckefceo r`k f{ir{tk tvr*

àeb aeb ehr m{vr raigceo adh{r cr% R`ke |hcer h{r ràr vcj|is à~ceo fthvv*f{ir{tai kp|ktckefkv

cv ehr r`k vajk av {ebktvraebceo r`kj% Rh |{r cr aehr`kt was) jktk fherafr wcr` |kh|ik nthj

aehr`kt f{ir{tk bhkv ehr ekfkvvatcis ikab rh {ebktvraebceo) aeb {ebktvraebceo cv r`k ohai

hn fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo% Rtacekkv v`h{ib rts rh r`ceg hn r`kct fthvv*f{ir{tai kp|ktckefkv av

h||htr{ecrckv rh oace cevco`r) d{r r`ks v`h{ib ehr fhen{vk r`k kp|ktckefk wcr` cevco`r%




^CC% Rtacekkv dkick~k ràr he r`k v{tnafk |kh|ik jas dk bcnnktker d{r ràr {ebktekar` `{jae

dkceov atk aii aicgk%

R`cv dkickn dkocev rh ihvk crv `hib he rtacekkv w`ke r`ks tkaic}k ràr v{tnafk dkà~chtv tkkfr

dkekar`*r`k*v{tnafk ~ai{kv aeb dkicknv% @kefk) cn |kh|ik atk bcnnktker he r`k v{tnafk) r`ke r`ks

à~k rh dk bcnnktker ’{ebktekar`%‚ Cr cv rt{k) hn fh{tvk) ràr |kh|ik nthj bcnnktker f{ir{tkv atk

cebkkb dhr` bcnnktker nthj aeb vcjciat rh kaf` hr`kt‒bcnnktker dkfa{vk hn f{ir{tai dkà~chtvaeb vcjciat dkfa{vk hn {ec~ktvai hekv‒d{r r`kvk bcnnktkefkv aeb vcjciatcrckv atk dhr` kprkteai

aeb%cerkteai

^CCC% Rtacekkv nkki ràr r`k fthvv*f{ir{tai fhj|heker |tkvftcdkv r`kct dkà~cht aeb tkvker dkceo

rhib `hw r`ks j{vr afr cn r`ks waer rh dk knnkfrc~k%

Cr cv rt{k ràr cn hi{erkktv waer rh dk knnkfrc~k) r`ks wcii à~k rh dk f{ir{taiis awatk aeb

vkevcrc~k% _`cik rtacekkv {ebktvraeb r`cv) r`ks jas vrcii tkvker dkceo rhib wàr r`ks fae

aeb faeehr bh% R`cv ekkb ehr dk a |thdikj nht fthvv*f{ir{tai rtacektv) w`h fae |tkvker r`cv

fhj|heker wcr`h{r rkiiceo hi{erkktv hw rh dkà~k% R`k jkvvaok hn fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo

fae dk ràr r`cv cv `hw |kh|ik dkà~k ce r`cv fh{erts aeb `hw r`ks wcii kp|kfr sh{ rh dkà~k%

_`kr`kt rtacekkv atk adik ht wciiceo rh dkà~k ce r`cv jaeekt cv kerctkis {| rh r`kj) d{r r`ktkjas dk fhevkq{kefkv cn r`ks bh ehr%

CP% Rtacekkv tkafr rh fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo dkfa{vk cr v{ookvrv ràr r`ks wcii a~k rh fàeok

vhjk hn r`kct dkà~chtv aeb dkfhjk vhjkhek r`ks atk ehr%

Vhjkrcjkv) ce htbkt rh dk f{ir{taiis vkevcrc~k aeb jhtk knnkfrc~k) ^hi{erkktv à~k rh vrh| bhceo

r`ceov r`ks atk {vkb rh bhceo (ht vasceo# aeb vratr bhceo r`ceov r`ks à~k ek~kt bhek dknhtk aeb

jas ehr nkki fhjnhtradik bhceo% Vhjk hn r`kvk fàeokv ce dkà~cht aeehs ^hi{erkktv aeb jas

k~ke fhecfr wcr` fktrace fhtk ~ai{kv) wcr` r`kct vkevk hn w`h r`ks atk% Dkfa{vk r`k tkavhev nht

jagceo r`kvk fàeokv atk {v{aiis tkiarkb rh f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv) fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo jas dk

diajkb nht nhtfceo rtacekkv rh fàeok r kct |ktvheaicrckv% R`cv cv a ikocrcjark aeb vkevcrc~k cvv{k%

Hefk aoace) r`k dkvr tkv|hevk nht rtacektv cv rh |hcer h{r ràr ekcr`kt r`ks eht r`k \kafk Fht|vavgv aeshek rh fàeok `cv ht `kt |ktvheaicrs% Rtacekkv heis ekkb rh {ebktvraeb wàr jas dk

kp|kfrkb hn r`kj ce r`cv f{ir{tk {ebkt fktrace fctf{jvraefkv aeb wàr r`k fhevkq{kefkv jas dk cn

r`ks atk {eadik ht {ewciiceo rh fhj|is wcr` `hvr fh{erts kp|kfrarchev% R`cv rh|cf cv r`k v{dmkfr hn

Kpktfcvk >%1< Fae C Vrcii Dk Jk8 ce r`k whtgdhhg aeb cv aivh bcvf{vvkb ar vhjk ikeor` he |aokv

60*2< hn r`k 4eb kbcrche (1330# hn r`k \kafk Fht|v |{dicfarche A Nkw Jceht Abm{vrjkerv

P% Rtacekkv à~k bcnnktker ik~kiv hn fthvv*f{ir{tai kp|ktckefk aeb vh|`cvrcfarche%

Ajheo \kafk Fht|v rtacekkv) r`k ajh{er hn kp|hv{tk rh hr`kt f{ir{tkv taeokv nthj rtacekkv wcr`

eh kp|ktckefk h{rvcbk r`k [ecrkb Vrarkv rh r`hvk w`h à~k rta~kikb kprkevc~kis aeb jas à~k

ic~kb nht a rcjk ce aehr`kt fh{erts% Nht vhjk rtacekkv) r`ke) r`k fherker hn fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo

jas vkkj vcj|icvrcf) w`ktkav nht hr`ktv cr jas dk fàiikeoceo% Sh{ bhe–r a~k jaes h|rchev

`ktk) a|atr nthj avgceo jhtk kp|ktckefkb rtacekkv rh dk |arcker wcr` r`kct ikvv*kp|ktckefkb

fhiikao{kv% Sh{ jco`r waer rh f`kfg) r`h{o`) rh vkk cn r`k dkrrkt*rta~kikb rtacekkv a~k tkaiis

ikatekb nthj r`kct kp|ktckefkv% Nht r`kvk rtacekkv) \kafk Fht|v fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo jas dk

r`k tvr rcjk r`ks à~k afr{aiis kpajcekb wàr à||kekb rh r`kj he |tk~ch{v vhmh{tev%




\tk*Vkt~cfk Rtaceceo Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo Bkvcoe

Davkb he F{ir{tk Jarrktv

R`k nhiihwceo bkvcoe cv nht r`k dkekr hn rtacektv w`h |iae rh {vk F{ir{tk Jarrktv%av%a%nh{ebarche%nht%

r`k fthvv*f{ir{tai fhj|heker hn |tk*vkt~cfk rtaceceo% R`k bkvcoe fhjdcekv fherker nthj r`k whtgdhhg

wcr` hr`kt) fh{erts*v|kfcf rh|cfv {v{aiis fh~ktkb ce |tk*vkt~cfk rtaceceo% R`k fh{erts*v|kfcf fherkercv ragke nthj a icvr hn fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo rh|cfv fhj|cikb nthj |tk*vkt~cfk rtaceceov ath{eb r`k

whtib) w`cf` cjjkbcarkis nhiihwv r`cv vaj|ik bkvcoe% R`k cbka hn r`cv bkvcoe cv rh hnnkt fh{ertckv

a%rkj|iark%rh%vratr%certhb{fceo%fherker%nthj%F{ir{tk Jarrktv%cerh%r`kct%fthvv*f{ir{tai%|thotaj%w`cik%

r`ks fherce{k rh abbtkvv ~atch{v fh{erts*v|kfcf rh|cfv (`cvrhts) tkerceo a `h{vk) datoaceceo) f{ir{tai

fktkjheckv) krf%# ehr fh~ktkb ce r`k whtgdhhg% R`k e{jdktkb crkjv ce |atker`kvkv tknkt rh vkvvchev ce

F{ir{tk Jarrktv%w`cf`%abbtkvv%a%|atrcf{iat%rh|cf%

_kkgv 1 aeb 4‒Davcf F{ir{tai Fhefk|rv aeb Fhjj{ecrs Kerts

Hdmkfrc~kv

․ Rh certhb{fk davcf v{t~c~ai vgciiv nht ic~ceo h~ktvkav aeb ic~ceo wcr `hvr najcickv

․ Rh |tkvker fh{erts*v|kfcf atka vr{bckv cenhtjarche

․ Rh certhb{fk r`k davcf fhefk|rv hn r`k cerktf{ir{tai kib

․ Rh dkoce fhj|atceo Ajktcfae aeb hvr fh{erts ~ai{kv) dkicknv) aeb whtib ~ckwv

Rh|cfv aeb \hvvcdik Vkvvchev

․ R`k bkecrche hn f{ir{tk (1%6) 1%1<#

․ R`k%fhefk|r%hn%~ai{kv%(1;#

․ F{ir{tai%fhebcrcheceo%(10#

․ \{rrceo f{ir{tk ce fherkpr (1%?) 1%>#

․ R`k thik hn f{ir{tk ce cerkt|tkrceo dk`a~cht (1%0#

․ Ajktcfae aeb `hvr fh{erts f{ir{tai ~ai{kv (4%4) 4%6#

․ Vh{tfkv%hn%Ajktcfae%f{ir{tk%(4;#

․ Vhfcai krcq{krrk (;%?) vkk aivh Vhfcai Krcq{krrk ce r`k Rtacekt–v O{cbk%icvr%hn%Fthvv*F{ir{tai%

Rtaceceo Rh|cfv) F% Vhfcai Krcq{krrk‒Bh–v aeb Bhe–rv#-

․ Atka%vr{bckv%(vkk%Rtacekt–v O{cbk icvr hn Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo Rh|cfv) A% Atka Vr{bckv#-

_kkgv 6 aeb 2‒Fhjj{ecfarche aeb F{ir{tk V`hfg

Hdmkfrc~kv

․Rh%cbkercns%r`k%~atckrckv%hn%Ajktcfae%bc~ktvcrs%aeb%tkiarkb%abm{vrjker%cvv{kv

․ Rh kpajcek r`k fhefk|r hn f{ir{tk v`hfg aeb r`k fsfik hn f{ir{tai abm{vrjker

․ Rh cbkercns f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce fhjj{ecfarche vrsikv aeb jhbkv hn ehe~ktdai

fhjj{ecfarche

․ Rh%|tkvker%n{tr`kt%atka%vr{bckv%cenhtjarche





․ Ajktcfae%bc~ktvcrs%(40#

․ Vrsikv hn fhjj{ecfarche (6%4) 6%2) 6%>) 6%0) 6%3#

․ Ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche (6%;) 6%?#

․ R`k%fhefk|r%hn%nafk%(61<#

․ F{ir{tk v`hfg aeb f{ir{tai abm{vrjker (>%6#

․ N{ebajkeraiv%hn%F{ir{tk%C=%R`k%fhefk|r%hn%r`k%vkin%

․ Abbcrcheai%atka%vr{bckv%(vkk%Rtacekt–v O{cbk icvr hn Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo Rh|cfv) %

A% Atka Vr{bckv#-

_kkgv ; aeb >‒^hi{erkkt Icnk aeb Tkiarchev`c|v

Hdmkfrc~kv

․ Rh%certhb{fk%r`k%fhefk|r%hn%vhfcai%cerktafrche%ce%r`k%`hvr%fh{erts

․ Rh kpajcek vhfcai tkiarchev`c|v ce r`k hvr fh{erts (bcvrceo{cv` dkrwkke ntckebv`c|v aeb

thjaercf%tkiarchev`c|v%wcr`%`hvr%fh{erts%earcheaiv#

․ Rh bk~kih| vrtarkockv nht d{cibceo vhfcai tkiarchev`c|v


․ D{cibceo cenhtjai tkiarchev`c|v wcr` hvr fh{erts earcheaiv

․ Vhfcai thikv hn ^hi{erkktv ce r`k `hvr fh{erts

․ Okebkt%aeb%bk~kih|jker

․ Karceo aeb btcegceo f{vrhjv

․ Btkvv%f{vrhjv

․Dar`ceo aeb |ktvheai sockek

․ Dkceo a o{kvr

․ Ocnr%oc~ceo%aeb%tkfkc~ceo

․ Rh{f`ceo) okvr{tkv) aeb dhbs iaeo{aok

_kkgv ? aeb 0‒Fthvv*f{ir{tai Rtaceceo ce r`k _htg|iafk

Hdmkfrc~kv

․ Rh kpajcek r`k ce{kefk hn f{ir{tk he whtg|iafk ~ai{kv) dkicknv) aeb ehtjv

․ Rh cbkercns f{ir{tai bcnnktkefkv ce arrcr{bkv rhwatb taeg aeb vrar{v

․Rh kpajcek Ajktcfae aeb hvr fh{erts bcnnktkefkv ce r`k jaeaokt aeb v{dhtbceark tkiarchev`c|

․ Rh cbkercns hdvrafikv rh aeb vrtarkockv nht d{cibceo ^hi{erkkt ftkbcdcicrs he r`k mhd


․ Jaeaokt aeb v{dhtbceark tkiarchev`c|v (2%4) 2%2#

․ Arrcr{bkv rhwatb taeg aeb vrar{v (2%0#

․ _htg|iafk ehtjv aeb ~ai{kv (2%3#




․ D{cibceo ftkbcdcicrs he r`k mhd aeb ce r`k fhjj{ecrs (2%16#

․ N{ebajkerai%CCC=%R`k%fhefk|r%hn%rcjk

․ N{ebajkerai C = R`k ihf{v hn fherthi

-Rh|cfvwcr`aeavrktcvgfaekcr`ktdkfh~ktkbceanhtjairtaceceovkvvcheht)rhfhevkt~krtaceceorcjk)r`th{o`tkabceov

bcvrtcd{rkb he `aebh{rv%

_kkgv 3 aeb 1<‒F{ir{tai Abm{vrjker aeb r`k Rtaevcrche rh ^hi{erkktbhj

Hdmkfrc~kv

․ Rh%cbkercns%r`k%vraokv%ce%r`k%bk~kih|jker%hn%f{ir{tai%awatkekvv%aeb%vkevcrc~crs

․ Rh kpajcek r`k rtaevcrche nthj dkceo a rtacekk rh dkceo a hi{erkkt aeb tkiarkb abm{vrjkerv

․ Rh cbkercns vrtarkockv nht fh|ceo wcr` abm{vrceo rh ic~ceo aeb whtgceo ce aehr`kt f{ir{tk

․ Rh%|tkvker%cj|htraer%|tafrcfai%cenhtjarche%tkiarkb%rh%vkrriceo%ce%ar%vcrk


․ R`k vraokv hn f{ir{tai awatkekvv aeb arrcr{bkv rhwatb f{ir{tai bcnnktkefk (>%>) >%?#

․ R`k rtaevcrche rh ^hi{erkktbhj (>%2#

․ Fh|ceo%vrtarkockv%nht%f{ir{tai%abm{vrjker%(>3#

․ Vkrriceo*ce%(vkk%Rtacekt–v O{cbk icvr hn Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo Rh|cfv) B% \tafrcfai Jarrktv#




Bcvf{vvche Q{kvrchev nht \thfkvvceo Fthvv*F{ir{tai Afrc~crckv

Rtacekkv dkekr nthj bcvf{vvceo r`kct fthvv*f{ir{tai kp|ktckefkv wcr` hr`kt jkjdktv hn r`kct oth{|%

R`k nhf{v hn r`k kp|ktckercai ikateceo jhbki cv he dhr` fherker aeb |thfkvv% \atrcfc|aerv kp|ihtk r`kct

hwe arrcr{bkv) dkicknv) aeb dkà~chtv ds kpajceceo r`kct tkv|hevkv rh wàr cv à||keceo% J{f` hn r`cv

ohkv he cenhtjaiis7 cr fae aivh dk kefh{taokb av |atr hn |thfkvvceo fthvv*f{ir{tai vkvvchev) kv|kfcaiis

thik |iasv) ftcrcfai cefcbkerv) aeb kib kp|ktckefkv% R`k ravg nht r`k rtacekt cv rh cecrcark aeb v{vracea bcvf{vvche wcr` |thdceo q{kvrchev aeb nhiihw*{| q{kvrchev% R`k nhiihwceo q{kvrchev jas ki| okr

rtacekkv raigceo aeb r`cegceo%

Q{kvrchev ce R`tkk Vraokv

1%%Vraok%Hek=%_àr a||kekb8

Rtacekkv%atk%keoaokb%ce%ae%afrc~crs%bkvcoekb%rh%okektark%bara%R`k%bara%cv%ehr%afr{aiis%|thfkvvkb%ce%

r`cv vraok) d{r dkfa{vk |atrcfc|aerv jas dk tkvcvraer rh dkoceeceo ht fhj|ikrceo ae afrc~crs) q{kvrchev

jas dk ekkbkb rh nafcicrark r`cv vraok% Hefk |atrcfc|aerv à~k fhj|ikrkb r`k kp|ktckefk) q{kvrchev atk

bctkfrkb%rhwatb%okektarceo%bara

․ _`h%wcii%~hi{erkkt%rh%vàtk%tkafrchev8%_`h%kivk8

․ _àr%à||kekb8

․ @hw bcb sh{ nkki adh{r r`k vcr{arche8 _`h kivk àb r`k vajk kp|ktckefk8

․ _`h àb a bcnnktker kp|ktckefk8

․ _ktk%r`ktk%aes%v{t|tcvkv%ht%|{}}ikjkerv8

․ @hw%jaes%hn%sh{%nkir%r`k%vajk%was8%@hw%jaes%nkir%bcnnktkeris8

․ _àr bcb sh{ hdvkt~k8

․ _àr%wktk%sh{%awatk%hn8

%

4%%Vraok%Rwh=%Vh wàr8

Hefk |atrcfc|aerv à~k bara) q{kvrchev atk bctkfrkb rhwatb jagceo vkevk hn ràr bara aeb |thjhrceo

okektaic}archev%nht%r`k%cebc~cb{aiv%aeb%r`k%oth{|%

․ _àr%bhkv%ràr%jkae%rh%sh{8

․ _`s bh sh{ r`ceg r`cv vcr{arche athvk8

․ @hw jco`r ràr à~k dkke bcnnktker8

․ _àr dhr`ktv sh{ jhvr adh{r r`cv vcr{arche8

․ Bh sh{ r`ceg sh{/tk jcvvceo aesr`ceo `ktk8

․ @hw wh{ib sh{ k~kt gehw cn sh{ wktk jcvvceo aesr`ceo8

․ _àr bhkv ràr v{ookvr rh sh{ adh{r sh{tvkin ht r`k oth{|8

․ _àr bh sh{ {ebktvraeb dkrrkt adh{r sh{tvkin ht r`k oth{|8

․ _àr%bcb%sh{%ikate%ht%tkikate8

․ Bhkv%ràr%tkjceb%sh{%hn%aesr`ceo8

․ _àr%cv%r`k%tkai%cvv{k%ce%r`cv%vcr{arche8

․ _àr bhkv ràr `ki| rh kp|iace8

․ _àr%f{ir{tai%cvv{kv%atk%fhjceo%{|%ce%r`cv%vcr{arche8




6%%Vraok%R`tkk=% Ehw wàr8

\atrcfc|aerv%atk%fhefktekb%wcr %{vceo%wàr%r`ks%à~k%ikatekb%ce%tkai*whtib%vcr{archev%Q{kvrchev%atk%

acjkb ar a||isceo r`k okektai gehwikbok r`ks à~k oacekb rh r`kct |ktvheai aebht |thnkvvcheai ic~kv%

․ @hw%fae%sh{%a||is%ht%rtaevnkt%ràr8

․ _àr wh{ib sh{ icgk rh bh wcr` ràr8

․ @hw%fh{ib%sh{%tk|kar%r`cv%aoace8

․ _àr%atk%r`k%h|rchev8

․ _àr%jco`r%sh{%bh%rh%`ki|%ht%`cebkt%sh{tvkin8

․ @hw fh{ib sh{ jagk cr dkrrkt8

․ _àr wh{ib dk r`k fhevkq{kefkv hn bhceo ht ehr bhceo cr sh{tvkin8

․ _àr jhbcfarchev fae sh{ jagk whtg nht sh{8

․ _àr fae sh{ cjaocek adh{r ràr8

․ _h{ib sh{ dk adik ht wciiceo rh fàeok sh{t dkà~cht rh r`k kprker ràr r`k vcr{arche wh{ib

ek~kt%à||ke8

․ _àr atk r`k fhevkq{kefkv nht sh{ hn abm{vrceo ht ehr abm{vrceo sh{t dkà~cht rh v{cr `hvr

fh{erts%ehtjv8

․ Bh sh{ nkki fhjnhtradik abh|rceo `hvr fh{erts dkà~chtv8 _`s ht w`s ehr8 _`cf` hekv8

․ Cv abh|rceo `hvr fh{erts dkà~chtv r`k dkvr was rh dk knnkfrc~k8 R`k heis was8

․ @hw bhkv r`cv tkiark rh hr`kt kp|ktckefkv8

Abbcrcheai Q{kvrchev

Cr cv hd~ch{v ràr jaes hn r`kvk q{kvrchev nhf{v he r`k vajk rh|cf aeb wcii kicfcr vcjciat tkv|hevkv) ràr

cv) r`ks h~ktia| ce fherker aeb jkaeceo% @hwk~kt r`kvk ~atcarchev he r`k vajk r`kjkv hnnkt jhtk ràe

hek thab ds w`cf` rh attc~k ar r`k vajk bkvrcearche%

R`kvk q{kvrchev fae dk {vkb ar aes vraok ce r`k fsfik rh acb r`k oth{| ce jh~ceo kcr`kt jhtk bkk|is

cerh%r`k%vraok%ar%àeb%ht%rh%aehr`kt%vraok%

․ _àr bh sh{ ekkb rh gehw rhXXXX8

․ _h{ib sh{ dk wciiceo rh rts8

․ Fae sh{ dk jhtk v|kfcf8

․ Fh{ib%sh{%hnnkt%a%v{ookvrche8

․ _àr%wh{ib%sh{%|tknkt8

․ _àr%atk%sh{t%fhefktev8

․ Cn sh{ fh{ib o{kvv ar r`k aevwkt) wàr wh{ib cr dk8

․ Fae%sh{%vas%ràr%ce%aehr`kt%was8

․ _àr cv whtvrdkvr r`ceo ràr fh{ib à||ke8

․ _àr%kivk8%Aeb8

․ _h{ib sh{ |ikavk vas jhtk adh{r ràr8




A Icvr hn Rtaceceo Jkr`hbhihockv

Fthvv*f{ir{tai rtaceceo rh|cfv fae dk |tkvkerkb ce a ~atckrs hn wasv% @ktk cv a icvr hn bcnnktker ab{ir

ikateceo jkr`hbhihockv) oar`ktkb nthj \kafk Fht|v rtacektv ath{eb r`k whtib%

Thik \ias= Cerktafrche dkrwkke rwh ht jhtk |kh|ik) vcj{iarceo tkai*icnk dkà~cht he r`k davcv hn

|tkvftcdkb vcr{archev7 aiihwv nht cj|th~cvkb vftc|rBcaiho{kv= A wtcrrke) |tk*|iaeekb vcj|ik bcvf{vvche dkrwkke rwh ht jhtk |kh|ik ràr h|kev {|

h||htr{ecrs%nht%bcvf{vvche

Ftcrcfai Cefcbkerv= Htai ht wtcrrke affh{er hn a |thdikjarcf fthvv*f{ir{tai kefh{erkt) ce w`cf`

|atrcfc|aerv atk avgkb rh fhjk {| wcr` vhi{rchev

Fhaf`ceo= Hek*he*hek ikateceo r`th{o` bkjhevrtarche) |tafrcfk) cjjkbcark nkkbdafg) aeb fhttkfrche

Vcj{iarche= Tk|tkvkerarche hn tkai*icnk vcr{archev ht kp|ktckefk ce fiavvthhj7 aiihwv |atrcfc|aerv rh

tkafr aeb |ktnhtj ce fherthiikb) ’vank‚ ke~cthejker7 jas à~k vftc|rv

Vcj{iarche Oajk= Vrt{fr{tkb fhj|krcrche abbkb rh r`k adh~k

Vcr{archeai Kpktfcvk=%Vcj{iarkb%fthvv*f{ir{tai%kefh{erkt%ce%w`cf`%|atrcfc|aer%|iasv%thik%wcr`%|ktvhe%nthj aehr`kt f{ir{tk ht fhj|hvcrk hn f{ir{tkv7 {eicgk thik |ias) |atrcfc|aer ehr tkq{ctkb rh dkà~k a

fktrace%was

F{ir{tai Avvcjciarht=%\thotajjkb%a||thaf`%rh%ikateceo%ce%w`cf`%|atrcfc|aer%vkikfrv%airktearc~k%aeb%

tkfkc~kv k~ai{arc~k nkkbdafg he tkv|hevk

Favk Vr{bs= Htai ht wtcrrke affh{er hn k~ker) cefcbker) vcr{arche) {v{aiis nhiihwkb ds bcvf{vvche

q{kvrchev rh bk~kih| ftcrcfai r`cegceo vgciiv aeb rh oace ekw |ktfk|rchev

Vkin*Awatkekvv Cevrt{jker(Ce~kerhts= Nhtj hn vkin*rkvrceo) keadiceo |atrcfc|aerv rh bk~kih| |thik

hn vrtkeor`v aeb wkagekvvkv) rh avvkvv |thotkvv jabk b{tceo aeb av a tkv{ir hn rtaceceo |thotaj

Bkjhevrtarche= V`hwceo fikatis `hw rh bh vhjkr`ceo) nht kpaj|ik a||th|tcark okvr{tkv ce r`k ratokr

f{ir{tk

Btaja= Rtacekkv%ht%nafcicrarhtv%bk~kih|%a%vjaii%btaja%|tkvkerarche%ath{eb%a%r`kjk%ht%vcr{arche%ràr%

fae dk |tkvkerkb rh r`k tkvr hn r`k oth{|% Jas dk vktch{v) n{ees) ehe~ktdai%

R`k%nhiihwceo%atk%jhtk%ab{ir%ikateceo%jkr`hbhihockv

Vcrk cvcrv(Nckib Rtc|v O{cbkb Oth{| Bcvf{vvchev Mh{teai(Tkkfrc~k _tcrceo

Avvcoekb Tkabceov Vheov \aekiv

Oajkv Cerkt~ckwv ^cbkhv(Ncijv

O{kvr V|kagktv Tk|htrv Q{c}}kv

Vrhts Rkiiceo Btaja(Vgcrv _htgdhhg

Hdvkt~archev Vkin*Cevrt{frche \tkvkerarche(Ikfr{tkrrk




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ce \{vf`) J%B%) kb% J{ircf{ir{tai Kb{farche= A Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rtaceceo A||thaf`% IaOtaeok \atg) CI= Cerktf{ir{tai

Ekrwhtg) Cef%) 13?3) aeb Gceo) Eaefs) ’Cerktf{ir{tai Fhjj{ecfarche= Ae H~kt~ckw hn r`k Nckib)‚ {e|{dicv`kb) 13?3%




Oihvvats hn Fthvv*F{ir{tai Rktjv [vkb ce F{ir{tk Jarrktv

Af`ck~kb vrar{v% R`k dkickn ràr |kh|ik v`h{ib dk tkv|kfrkb nht r`kct |ktvheai aeb

|thnkvvcheai affhj|icv jkerv7 vrar{v cv katekb ehr ce`ktcrkb%

Afrc~cvj% R`k dkickn ràr r`k ihf{v hn fherthi cv iatokis cerkteai) wcr`ce r`k

cebc~cb{ai%aeb%ràr%r`ktk%atk%~kts%nkw%fctf{jvraefkv%ràr%faeehr% dk fàeokb ds r`k cebc~cb{ai%

Avftcdkb vrar{v% R`k dkickn ràr a fktrace ajh{er hn vrar{v cv d{cir cerh r`k |ktvhe

aeb cr cv a{rhjarcf aeb bcnf{ir rh ihvk7 najcis) vhfcai fiavv)

anicarchev) kb{farche aeb vkechtcrs atk `coìs ~ai{kb%

Dkà~cht% R`k afrchev ht tkafrchev hn |kh|ik {ebkt v|kfckb fctf{jvraefkv%

Fhiikfrc~cvj% R`k dkickn ràr hek–v cbkercrs cv ce iatok |atr a n{efrche hn hek–v

jkjdktv`c| aeb thik ce a oth{|7 cerktbk|kebkefk aeb àtjhes

hn oth{| jkjdktv atk ~ai{kb%

F{ir{tk% R`k n{ebajkerai ~ai{kv) dkickn) arrcr{bkv) aeb |arrktev hn r`cegceo ràr atk kjdkbbkb ce a vhfckrs–v ht tkoche–v ~ckw hn

`hw r`k whtib whtgv aeb hn `hw cebc~cb{aiv aeb oth{|v fae

aeb%v`h{ib%h|ktark%ce%r`k%whtib%F{ir{tk%cefi{bkv%r`k%tkv{irceo%

dkà~chtv hn r`kvk cebc~cb{aiv%

Bctkfr fhjj{ecfarche% Tkisceo jhtk he whtbv aeb icrktai cerkt|tkrarche7 okrrceo

ht%oc~ceo%cenhtjarche%cv%r`k%ohai%hn%bctkfr%fhjj{ecfarche%

kpfàeokv%

Krèhfkertcvj% A dkickn ce r`k ce`ktker v{|ktchtcrs aeb ear{taiekvv hn hek–v

hwe%f{ir{tk

Krèhtkiarc~cvj% A dkickn ràr bcnnktkefkv ce ~ai{k vsvrkjv aeb dkà~chtai ehtjvatk ikocrcjark) rhiktadik) aeb ehe*r`tkarkeceo%

Naraicvj% R`k dkickn ràr r`k ihf{v hn fherthi cv iatokis kprkteai aeb ràr

jaes av|kfrv hn icnk atk |tkbkrktjcekb aeb faeehr dk fàeokb%

@co` |hwkt bcvraefk% R`k dkickn ràr cekq{aicrckv ce |hwkt aeb vrar{v atk ear{tai ht

kpcvrkercai ce a f{ir{tk7 r`hvk ce |hwkt rkeb rh kj|àvc}k cr aeb

v{dhtbcearkv atk fihvkis v{|kt~cvkb%

@co` {efktracers a~hcbaefk%R`k dkickn ce a f{ir{tk ràr r`k ce`ktker {efktracers ce icnk cv

r`tkarkeceo aeb j{vr r`ktknhtk dk fherthiikb av j{f` av |hvvcdik7

ae kj|àvcv cv |iafkb he iawv) fhenhtjcrs) aeb vrt{fr{tk%

Cebctkfr fhjj{ecfarche% Tkisceo%ikvv%he%whtbv%ht%icrktai%cerkt|tkrarche%aeb%jhtk%he%

wàr cv ehr vacb ht bhek aeb he ehe~ktdai fhjj{ecfarche7

jaceraceceo%àtjhes%aeb%va~ceo%nafk%atk%r`k%ohaiv%hn%cebctkfr%

fhjj{ecfarche kpfàeokv%

Cebc~cb{aicvj% R`k dkickn ràr r`k ekkbv hn r`k cebc~cb{ai dk varcvkb dknhtk

r`hvk hn r`k oth{|7 cebk|kebkefk aeb vkin*tkicaefk atk ~ai{kb%




Cenhtjaer% Hek%w`h%n{tecv`kv%iceo{cvrcf%ht%f{ir{tai%cenhtjarche%rh%a%

tkvkatf`kt) nhtkcoekt) krf%

Ihw |hwkt bcvraefk% R`k dkickn ràr cekq{aicrckv ce |hwkt aeb vrar{v) w`cik hnrke

fhe~kecker) atk iatokis atrcfcai7 r`hvk ce |hwkt rkeb rh bk*

kj|àvc}k cr aeb kefh{taok v{dhtbcearkv rh ragk cecrcarc~k%

Ihw {efktracers a~hcbaefk% R`k dkickn ce a f{ir{tk ràr {efktracers cv ehr vh ba{erceo aeb

r`ktk cv eh ekkb rh icjcr ht fherthi cr7 ae kj|àvcv cv |iafkb he

`{jae cerktafrche) rhiktaefk) aeb ikvv vrt{fr{tk%

Jhehf`thecf% R`k fhefk|r ràr rcjk cv a oc~ke aeb |kh|ik atk r`k ~atcadik7 r`k

ekkbv%hn%|kh|ik%atk%abm{vrkb%rh%v{cr%r`k%bkjaebv%hn%rcjk

\atrcf{iatcvj% R`k dkickn ràr `hw sh{ dkà~k ce a oc~ke vcr{arche bk|kebv he

r`k fctf{jvraefkv7 kpfi{vc~k ab`ktkefk rh hek–v hwe oth{| cv

~ai{kb‒h{rvcbktv fae ragk fatk hn r`kjvki~kv%

\hisf`thecf% R`k%fhefk|r%ràr%rcjk%cv%r k%vkt~aer%aeb%rhhi%hn%r`k%|kh|ik%aeb%

rcjk cv abm{vrkb rh v{cr r`k ekkbv hn |kh|ik7 jhtk rcjk cv aiwasva~aciadik%

[ec~ktvaicvj% R`k dkickn ràr fktrace advhi{rkv a||is afthvv r`k dhatb)

tkoatbikvv%hn%fctf{jvraefkv%ht%|atrcf{iat%vcr{archev%aeb%ràr%aii%

v`h{ib dk rtkarkb aicgk) wcr`h{r kpfk|rche%

âi{kv% R`k davcv {|he w`cf` |kh|ik bkfcbk wàr cv bkvctadik) ohhb) aeb

tco`r%(aeb%r`k%h||hvcrk#%ce%r`kct%f{ir{tk

peace corps trainer's manual - culture matters

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