peace corps turkmenistan welcome book | may 2010

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Turkmenistan Welcome Book | May 2010

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PFH RHOEH ED^RU SHJEDKHU YDX PD

Px~akhliupol

O RHOEH ED^RU RXNJIEOPIDL GD^ LHS WDJXLPHH^U

Koy >2?2


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RHOEH ED^RU z PX^AKHLIUPOL SHJEDKH NDDA z 8$?7$?2

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3/83


>

O SHJEDKH JHPPH^

@ho~ Rhoeh Ed~ru P~oilhh=

Edlc~opxjopidlu/ I ok wh~y rjhouh` pfop ydx fowh nhhl ilwiph` pd

nh o Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~ il Px~akhliupol/ I ol` pfh ~hup dg pfh

upogg dg Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol jdda gd~so~` pd oeedkrolyilc

ydx dl pfh mdx~lhy ydx o~h ondxp pd hkno~a dl, I ok ux~h pfop sh

sijj jho~l kxef pdchpfh~ ol` pfop sh sijj fowh o r~dgdxl` ol`~hso~ìlc hvrh~ihleh,

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru upogg ol` dx~ ro~plh~u il pfh Kiliup~ihu dg

H`xeopidl* Fhojpf* ol` Gd~hicl Oggoi~u olpieiroph ydx~ o~~iwoj ol`

jdda gd~so~` pd sd~ailc sipf ydx, Pfh upogg dg pfh fhojpf goeijipihu

pd sfief ydx sijj nh ouuiclh`* ydx~ fdup gokijihu* ol` koly

dpfh~u pf~dxcfdxp Px~akhliupol ojud jdda gd~so~` pd ydx~ o~~iwoj,

Wdjxlphh~u fh~h fowh o uicligieolp ikroep dl pfh jiwhu dg pfduh

pfhy uh~wh, Ydx sijj gil` pfh Px~akhl rhdrjh pd nh so~k ol`

shjedkilc,

Sfijh I ok edlgi`hlp pfop ydx sijj ghhj shjedkh fh~h* I ojud alds

pfop Px~akhliupol r~huhlpu udkh xliqxh efojjhlchu, Pfiu

Shjedkh Nddaiu `huiclh` pd ciwh ydx o nojoleh` wihs dg jigh ol`

sd~a il Px~akhliupol* ou shjj ou ol dwh~wihs dg Rhoeh

Ed~ruPx~akhliupolu rdjieihu, Ip ufdxj` fhjr ydx hvokilh udkh

dg pfh efojjhlchu ydx o~h jiahjy pd goeh ol` fhjr ydx khhp pfhk,

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol upogg iu edkkipph` pd r~dwiìlc

uxrrd~p ol` sijj fhjr ydx `hwhjdr pfh pddju ydx lhh` pd koah ydx~

uh~wieh o uxeehuu,

Ojpfdxcf koly uicligieolp udeioj* exjpx~oj* ol` hedldkie efolchuo~h forrhlilc il Px~akhliupol* pfduh efolchu o~h kdup orro~hlp

il Oufconop, Efolch il ~x~oj o~hou iu kxef ujdsh~ ol` p~oìpidl

ol` nx~hoxe~oey ujds r~dehuu dg efolch pfh~h* sfief eol nh

g~xup~opilc ol` eol e~hoph efojjhlchu gd~ Wdjxlphh~u, Nxp pfh sd~a


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5

ydx sijj nh `dilc iu wh~y ikrd~polp ol` I#k ux~h pfop ydx* jiah

kdup dg pfh Wdjxlphh~u sfd fowh uh~wh` il Px~akhliupol* sijjjho~l pd nh hgghepiwh ny sd~ailc sipfil pfh exjpx~oj edlphvp dg ydx~

sd~a ol` edkkxlipy, Udkh dg ydx sijj nh ouuiclh` pd

edkkxlipihu il sfief ydx sijj nh pfh gi~up Okh~ieolu rhdrjh fowh

khp, Dpfh~u il ydx~ c~dxr sijj gdjjds r~hwidxu Wdjxlphh~u ol`

nxij` dl pfh sd~a pfhy fowh upo~ph` ol` pfh ~hjopidlufiru pfhy fowh

ko`h, Il ojj eouhu* ydx~ sd~a sijj nh efojjhlcilc ol` udkhpikhu

g~xup~opilc, Sipf rh~uiuphleh* cdd` fxkd~* ol` sd~a* fdshwh~*

ydx~ uh~wieh il Px~akhliupol sijj nh o ~hso~`ilc ol` jigh+

efolcilc hvrh~ihleh,

Dx~ p~oililc phok fou `hwhjdrh` o edkr~hfhluiwh r~h+uh~wieh

p~oililc r~dc~ok pfop sijj r~dwi`h ydx sipf pfh pheflieoj* e~duu+

exjpx~oj* ol` jolcxoch uaijju ydx lhh` pd nh ol hgghepiwh

`hwhjdrkhlp r~dghuuidloj il Px~akhliupol,

Uileh~hjy*

Ho~j Sojj

Edxlp~y @i~hepd~

Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol


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0

EDLPHLPU

O Shjedkh Jhpph~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >Edlphlpu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0Ed~h Hvrhepopidlu gd~ Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol Fiupd~y ol` R~dc~oku ,,,,,,,,,,, 9

Fiupd~y dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru il Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

Edxlp~y Dwh~wihs= Px~akhliupol op o Cjoleh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

Fiupd~y ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

Cdwh~lkhlp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?>

Hedldky ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?5

Rhdrjh ol` Exjpx~h ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?0

Hlwi~dlkhlp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?8

^hudx~ehu gd~ Gx~pfh~ Ilgd~kopidl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?7Chlh~oj Ilgd~kopidl Ondxp Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?7

Edllhep Sipf hpx~lh` Wdjxlphh~u ol` Dpfh~ Ilwiphhu ,,,,, ?3

Dljilh O~piejhu$Ex~~hlp Lhsu Uiphu Ondxp Px~akhliupol ,,, ?6

^hedkkhl`h` Nddau ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?6

Nddau Ondxp pfh Fiupd~y dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?9

Jiwilc Edl`ipidlu ol` Wdjxlphh~ Jighupjyh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >?Edkkxlieopidlu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >?

Fdxuilc ol` Uiph Jdeopidl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >5

Jiwilc Ojjdsoleh ol` Kdlhy Kolochkhlp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >0

Gdd` ol` @ihp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >8

P~olurd~popidl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >7

Chdc~orfy ol` Ejikoph ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >3

Udeioj Oepiwipihu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >6


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8

R~dghuuidlojiuk* @~huu* ol` Nhfowid~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >6

Rh~udloj Uoghpy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 52

^hso~ù ol` G~xup~opidlu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5?

Rhoeh Ed~ru P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 55Dwh~wihs dg R~h+Uh~wieh P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 55

Pheflieoj P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50

Jolcxoch P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50

E~duu+Exjpx~oj P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 58

Fhojpf P~oililc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 58

Uoghpy P~oililc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 57

O`ìpidloj P~oililcu @x~ilc Wdjxlphh~ Uh~wieh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 57

Ydx~ Fhojpf Eo~h ol` Uoghpy il Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56Fhojpf Iuuxhu il Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56

Fhjrilc Ydx Upoy Fhojpfy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56

Koilpoililc Ydx~ Fhojpf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 59

Sdkhlu Fhojpf Ilgd~kopidl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 02

Ydx~ Rhoeh Ed~ru Khìeoj Aip ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0?

Khìeoj Aip Edlphlpu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0?

Nhgd~h Ydx Jhowh= O Khìeoj Efheajiup ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0>

Uoghpy ol` Uhex~ipyDx~ Ro~plh~ufir ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 08

Goepd~u pfop Edlp~inxph pd Wdjxlphh~ îua ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 07

Upoyilc Uogh= @dlp Nh o Po~chp gd~ E~ikh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 03

Uxrrd~p g~dk Upogg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 09

Wdjxlphh~ Uoghpy Uxrrd~p il Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8?


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@iwh~uipy ol` E~duu+Exjpx~oj Iuuxhu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85Dwh~wihs dg @iwh~uipy il Px~akhliupol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80

Rduuinjh Iuuxhu gd~ Ghkojh Wdjxlphh~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80

Rduuinjh Iuuxhu gd~ Coy* Jhuniol* d~ Niuhvxoj Wdjxlphh~u ,,,, 87

Rduuinjh Iuuxhu gd~ Wdjxlphh~u Sipf @iuonijipihu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 83

Rduuinjh ^hjicidxu Iuuxhu gd~ Wdjxlphh~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 83

Rduuinjh Iuuxhu gd~ Uhlid~ Wdjxlphh~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 86

Rduuinjh Iuuxhu gd~ Wdjxlphh~u dg Edjd~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 89

G~hqxhlpjy Ouah` _xhupidlu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7>Shjedkh Jhpph~u G~dk Px~akhliupol Wdjxlphh~u ,,,,,,,,, 73Roeailc Jiup ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3?

Chlh~oj Ejdpfilc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35

Gd~ Khl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35

Gd~ Sdkhl,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30

Ufdhu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30

Rh~udloj Fycihlh ol` Pdijhp~y Iphku ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30

Aipefhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 38

Kiuehjjolhdxu,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37

R~h+@hro~px~h Efheajiup ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36Gokijy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36

Rouurd~p$P~owhj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36

Kh`ieoj$Fhojpf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36

Ilux~oleh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39

Rh~udloj Rorh~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39

Wdpilc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39


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Rh~udloj Hgghepu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39

Giloleioj Kolochkhlp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39

Edlpoepilc Rhoeh Ed~ru Fho`qxo~ph~u ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6?


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6

ED^H HVRHEPOPIDLU

GD RHOEH ED^RU WDJXLPHHÛ

Il sd~ailc pdso~` gxjgijjilc pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru Kiuuidl dgr~dkdpilc sd~j` rhoeh ol` g~ihlùfir* ou o p~oilhh ol` Wdjxlphh~*ydx o~h hvrheph` pd=

?, R~hro~h ydx~ rh~udloj ol` r~dghuuidloj jigh pd koah oedkkipkhlp pd uh~wh on~do` gd~ o gxjj ph~k dg >3 kdlpfu

>, Edkkip pd ikr~dwilc pfh qxojipy dg jigh dg pfh rhdrjhsipf sfdk ydx jiwh ol` sd~a1 ol`* il `dilc ud* ufo~hydx~ uaijju* oòrp pfhk* ol` jho~l lhs uaijju ou lhh`h`

5, Uh~wh sfh~h pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru ouau ydx pd cd* xl`h~edlìpidlu dg fo~ùfir* ig lhehuuo~y* ol` sipf pfhgjhvinijipy lhh`h` gd~ hgghepiwh uh~wieh

0, ^hedcli}h pfop ydx~ uxeehuugxj ol` uxupoilonjh`hwhjdrkhlp sd~a iu nouh` dl pfh jdeoj p~xup olèdlgi`hleh ydx nxij` ny jiwilc il* ol` ~hurhepgxjjyilphc~opilc ydx~uhjg ilpd* ydx~ fdup edkkxlipy olèxjpx~h

8, ^hedcli}h pfop ydx o~h ~hurdluinjh >0 fdx~u o òy* 3 òyuo shha gd~ ydx~ rh~udloj edl`xep ol` r~dghuuidlojrh~gd~koleh

7, Hlcoch sipf fdup edxlp~y ro~plh~u il o uri~ip dgeddrh~opidl* kxpxoj jho~lilc* ol` ~hurhep

3, Sd~a sipfil pfh ~xjhu ol` ~hcxjopidlu dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ruol` pfh jdeoj ol` lopidloj josu dg pfh edxlp~y sfh~h ydxuh~wh

6, Hvh~eiuh mx`ckhlp ol` rh~udloj ~hurdluinijipy pd r~dphepydx~ fhojpf* uoghpy* ol` shjj+nhilc ol` pfop dg dpfh~u

9, ^hedcli}h pfop ydx sijj nh rh~ehiwh`* il ydx~ fdupedxlp~y ol` edkkxlipy* ou o ~hr~huhlpopiwh dg pfh rhdrjh*

exjpx~hu* wojxhu* ol` p~oìpidlu dg pfh Xliph` Upophu dgOkh~ieo

?2, ^hr~huhlp ~hurdluiwhjy pfh rhdrjh* exjpx~hu* wojxhu* ol`p~oìpidlu dg ydx~ fdup edxlp~y ol` edkkxlipy pd rhdrjhil pfh Xliph` Upophu ndpf `x~ilc ol` gdjjdsilc ydx~uh~wieh


10/83


9

RHOEH ED^RUPXÂKHLIUPOL

FIUPD^Y OL@ R^DCÔKU

Fiupd~y dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru il Px~akhl iupol

Px~akhliupol nd~`h~u Ao}oafupol* X}nhaiupol* I~ol* ol`

Ogcfoliupol, Sfijh ip koy uhhk pfop pfh udxpfhouph~l ro~p dg

Px~akhliupol iu xledkgd~ponjy ejduh pd Ogcfoliupol* p~oilhhu ol`

Wdjxlphh~u ufdxj` alds pfop `x~ilc pfh dlcdilc kijipo~y oepidl il

Ogcfoliupol* pfh~h fowh nhhl ld p~ddr kdwhkhlpu d~ xlxuxojkijipo~y d~ ejol`hupilh oepiwipihu dl pfh Px~akhl+Ogcfol nd~`h~,

Pfh rouuoch nhpshhl pfh psd lopidlu iu ìggiexjp* sipf o ph~~oil

edluiupilc dg ilfduriponjh `huh~p rjophoxu* ol` pfh o~ho ~hkoilu

uogh, Pfh rhdrjh dg Px~akhliupol fowh ojsoyu fo` o so~k ol`

g~ihl`jy oppipx`h pdso~` pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru* ol` pfh~h fowh nhhl ld

uiclu dg lhcopiwh oppipx`hu pdso~` gd~hiclh~u* ilejxìlc

Okh~ieolu* `x~ilc pfh so~ il Ogcfoliupol, Il o rdjiey upophkhlp

~hco~ìlc pfh so~* pfh Px~akhl r~hui`hlp iluiuph` pfop fiu edxlp~ysou lhxp~oj ol` sdxj` ldp chp ilwdjwh` il oly pyrh dg kijipo~y

oepidl,

Udkh wiuipd~u o~h ojud edleh~lh` ondxp pfh so~ il I~oq* sfief iu

lho~ pfh ~hcidl nxp `dhu ldp ndo~`h~ Px~akhliupol, Px~akhliupol

r~i}hu ipu lhxp~ojipy ol` fou ld ojjiolehu sipf I~oq* ud hwhlpu pfh~h

fowh ldp fo`* ol` o~h ldp jiahjy pd fowh* ol hgghep dlPx~akhliupol d~ ipu rdjieihu,

EDXLP^Y DWH^WIHS=

PXÂKHLIUPOL OP O CJOLEH

Fiupd~y

Pfh gd~kh~ Udwihp Xlidl sou dleh fdkh pd ojkdup 72 kijjidl

Kxujikupfh gigpf jo~chup Kxujik rdrxjopidl il pfh sd~j`, Kdup

dg pfop rdrxjopidl lds jiwhu il pfh Udwihp Xlidlu giwh gd~kh~


11/83


?2

Ehlp~oj Ouiol ~hrxnjieuAo}oafupol* pfh Ay~cy} ^hrxnjie*

Pomiaiupol* Px~akhliupol* ol` X}nhaiupolsfief o~h pfh kdup

iudjoph` ol` jhoup aldsl dg pfh ?> edxlp~ihu pfop koah xr pfh

jdduh gh`h~opidl aldsl ou pfh Edkkdlshojpf dg Il`hrhl`hlp

Upophu &EIU),

Gd~ ehlpx~ihu* pfh o~ho pfop ilejx`hu Px~akhliupol sou aldsl ou

Px~ahupol* o woup ph~~ipd~y fojg pfh ui}h dg pfh edlpilhlpoj Xliph`

Upophu* sfief sou ro~p dg o ~ief ehlph~ dg sd~j` p~o`h, Eo~owolu

jdo`h` sipf uijau g~dk Px~ahy ol` uriehu g~dk Efilo ol` Ilìogdjjdsh` pfh Uija ^do` dl pfhi~ soy pd Ouio Kild~ ol` Hx~drh,

Pfh urjhl`d~ dg pfh o~hou o~p ol` o~efiphepx~h sou ikr~huuiwh,

F,C, Shjju* il fiu nddaDxpjilh dg Fiupd~y* ldph` pfop il pfh gigpf

ol` uivpf ehlpx~ihu O,@,* pfh ~hcidl pfop lds koahu xr

Px~akhliupol ol` Ogcfoliupol sou kd~h o`woleh` pfol ro~pu dg

Shuph~l Hx~drh,

Sipf ghs lopx~oj ndxlò~ihu* Px~ahupol sou pfh po~chp dg okxjpipx`h dg ilwo`h~u* ilejxìlc Rh~uiol* C~hha* Ro~pfiol*

Efilhuh* Kdlcdj* ol` ^xuuiol o~kihu ol` nolù dg Px~aie

ldkoù, Pfh Px~aie ilwo`h~u huponjiufh` o joupilc r~huhleh ol`

edlp~inxph` pd pfh nxijìlc dg ldkoìe ol` uh`hlpo~y hkri~hu,

Jdlc nhgd~h pfh gi~up ~oiù ny pfh Px~aie p~inhu* ol` op jhoup o

kijjhllixk N,E,* I~oliol ldkoù uhppjh` il pfh ~hcidlu ~iwh~

wojjhyu pd ~oiuh gdd` e~dru ol`* joph~* edppdl, Il ol o~ho dg jippjh

~oilgojj* i~~icopidl sou ilp~d`xeh` ho~jy dl* gd~kilc douhu il pfh

`huh~p, Ou Efilhuh kh~efolpu rouuh` pf~dxcf pfh o~ho* pfhy poxcfp

pfh Ehlp~oj Ouiol ilfonipolpu pd ìc shjju ol` r~dwi`h` pfhk sipf

i~dl gd~ ho~jy khpojsd~ailc il`xup~ihu, Aldsjh`ch dg cjouukoailc

eokh g~dk pfh ^dkol Hkri~h,

Ny pfh hl` dg pfh ?8pf ehlpx~y* Ehlp~oj Ouio sou jduilc ipur~hupich ou ol ikrd~polp p~o`h ~dxph, P~inoj ghxù* hedldkie `heoy*

ol` Woued ò Cokou ìuedwh~y dg o uhosoy g~dk Hx~drh pd Ilìo

ol` Efilo edlp~inxph` pd pfh edjjoruh dg p~o`h il Ehlp~oj Ouio, Ny

pfh ki`+?7pf ehlpx~y* Kxuedwiph ^xuuio* jh` ny Iwol pfh Ph~~injh*


12/83


??

nhcol ipu hvroluidl houpso~` ol` udxpfso~`* edlp~djjilc pfh

~hcidl gd~ pfh lhvp 022 yho~u, Pfh Px~aie ldkoù eokh pd oeehrp

pfh ^xuuiol r~huhleh ol` hwhlpxojjy gd~kh` o p~xeh sipf pfh

^xuuiolu, Pfhy nhcol pd nh h`xeoph` il ^xuuiol uefddju ol` pd

uh~wh il pfh e}o~iup o~ky* udkh ~iuilc ficf il ~ola, Upijj* udkh

p~inoj jho`h~u gd~kh` p~hopihu dg ojjhcioleh sipf Efilhuh ol` dpfh~

Ehlp~oj Ouiol ~xjh~u ol` sh~h xl`hph~~h` g~dk oppoeailc ^xuuiol

uhppjh~u sfd kdwh` dlpd pfhi~ udij, Pfh up~xccjh gd~ rdjipieoj

edlp~dj dg Ehlp~oj Ouio edlpilxh` pf~dxcf pfh ?9pf ehlpx~y,

Hlcjol`* gd~ hvokrjh* ~hoji}ilc ^xuuiou pf~hop pd ipu rdsh~ ilIlìo* gdxcfp pd coil gowd~ sipf Ehlp~oj Ouiou afolu &~xjh~u),

Sfijh Hlcjol` hwhlpxojjy jdup Ehlp~oj Ouio* ^xuuio lhwh~ ~hoefh`

Ilìo,

Ogph~ ^xuuio onud~nh` Ehlp~oj Ouio il pfh ?9pf ehlpx~y* pfh ~hcidl*

upijj eojjh` Px~ahupol nxp ìkiliufh` il ui}h* sou cdwh~lh` ny pfh

e}o~u ou o uilcjh edjdly, Iujok gjdx~iufh` ol` Px~ahupol

ilphjjhepxoju udxcfp pd ~hgd~k pfhi~ udeihpihu pd koah pfhkedkrhpipiwh il pfh kd`h~l sd~j`, Gd~hicl ol` `dkhupie

lhsurorh~u il Px~aie jolcxochu* gd~ hvokrjh* ei~exjoph` g~hhjy*

hledx~ocilc o lhs hpflie oso~hlhuu, Pfiu ~hni~pf sou exp ufd~p

ogph~ ?9?3,

Ogph~ pfh Ndjufhwia ^hwdjxpidl il ?9?3* pfh Px~aie rhdrjh*

nhjihwilc pfhy fo` nhhl jinh~oph` g~dk ^xuuiol drr~huuidl*

orrjih` gd~ oxpdldky, Ip sou `hlih`* p~icch~ilc ~hnhjjidlu ol`

cxh~~ijjo so~go~h il pfh udxpf, Il ?9?6* op pfh fhicfp dg pfh px~kdij*

o uhe~hp edlgh~hleh dg pfh ~huiupoleh kdniji}h` jdeoj gd~ehu ol`

`hejo~h` o lhs upoph* pfh Px~ahupol Il`hrhl`hlp Iujokie ^hrxnjie,

Nxp pfh lhs ~hrxnjie lhwh~ fo` o efoleh ocoilup ^xuuiol p~ddru*

ol` sfhl pfh xr~iuilc sou gilojjy uxrr~huuh` il ?9>8* Udwihp

jho`h~ Mduhrf Upojil kdwh` qxieajy pd r~hwhlp gx~pfh~ rol+Iujokie

d~ rol+Px~aie pf~hopu pd edkkxliuk, Px~ahupol sou eo~wh` xr*udkhsfop o~nip~o~ijy* ilpd pfh giwh Ehlp~oj Ouiol ~hrxnjieu* ol` pfh

lokh ìuorrho~h` g~dk koru,


13/83


?>

Px~akhliupol sou o ~hjopiwhjy lhcjheph` ~hrxnjie xl`h~ pfh

Udwihpu* sfief ko`h ghs ilwhupkhlpu il il`xup~y d~ ilg~oup~xepx~h,

Px~akhl sh~h ojud xl`h~~hr~huhlph` il pfh jhoìlc ~olau dg pfh

Edkkxliup Ro~py, Il pfh joph ?982u* udkh Px~akhl jho`h~u eojjh`

gd~ kd~h ~hr~huhlpopidl il pfh pdr rdupu* nxp Kdueds ~hurdl`h`

ny ìunolìlc pfhi~ ro~py, @huriph rh~uhexpidl* ~hr~huuidl* ol`

opphkrpu ny pfh Udwihp ~hcikh pd h~oìeoph d~ ìupd~p roup

oefihwhkhlpu* pfh Ehlp~oj Ouiolu ejxlc pd pfhi~ p~oìpidlu ol` soy

dg jigh,

Px~akhliupol gd~kojjy `hejo~h` ipu il`hrhl`hleh g~dk pfh Udwihp

Xlidl dl Depdnh~ >3* ?99?* pfh 73pf olliwh~uo~y dg pfh gdxlìlc

dg pfh edxlp~y* ol` ip mdilh` pfh EIU dl @hehknh~ >?* ?99?,

Cdwh~lkhlp

Pfh ex~~hlp rdjipieoj up~xepx~h dg Px~akhliupol sou uhp nyR~hui`hlp Uoro~kx~op Liyo}dw* sfd jh` pfh edxlp~y g~dk

il`hrhl`hleh il ?99? xlpij fiu `hopf il @hehknh~ >227,

R~hui`hlp Liyo}dw* aldsl ou Px~akhlnoufi &.gopfh~ dg

Px~akhl.)* exjpiwoph` Px~akhl lopidlojiuk pf~dxcf pfh

r~dkdpidl dg Px~akhl jolcxoch ol` pfh rxnjieopidl pfh

^xfloko* o ndda ~hedxlpilc Px~akhl fiupd~y ol` exjpx~h,

Px~akhliupol iu dggieiojjy ~hedcli}h` ny pfh Xliph` Lopidlu ou olhxp~oj upoph* ol` ~hkoilu ol douiu dg ~hjopiwh uponijipy il o ~hcidl

dg udeioj ol` hpflie xl~hup,

Il Ghn~xo~y* >223 Cx~nolcxjy Nh~ìkxfokkh`dw sou ilupojjh`

ou r~hui`hlp dg Px~akhliupol, Uileh fh ouuxkh` pfh r~hui`hley* fh

fou udxcfp pd up~hlcpfhl ~hjopidlufiru sipf lhicfnd~ilc edxlp~ihu*

ilupipxph` ikr~dwhkhlpu il pfh h`xeopidloj uyuphk* ol` nhcxl o

r~dehuu dg jinh~oji}opidl dg pfh udeihpy ny jhcoji}ilc drrduipidlrdjipieoj ro~pihu ol` ojjdsilc c~hoph~ oeehuu pd pfh Ilph~lhp, Il

Uhrphknh~ >229* R~hui`hlp Nh~ìkxfokkh`dw wiuiph` pfh Xliph`

Upophu ol` o``~huuh` pfh Xliph` Lopidl#u Chlh~oj Ouuhknjy,


14/83


?5

Px~akhliupol ol` pfh Xliph` Upophu nhcol `hwhjdrilc rdjipieoj

pihu ho~jy dl ogph~ ipu il`hrhl`hleh, R~hui`hlp Chd~ch F, S, Nxuf

~hedcli}h` pfh il`hrhl`hleh dg Px~akhliupol il @hehknh~ ?99?*

ol` gd~koj ìrjdkopie ~hjopidlu sh~h huponjiufh` il joph Ghn~xo~y

?99>, Pfh cdwh~lkhlp dg Px~akhliupol fou nhhl o uxrrd~ph~ dg

Rhoeh Ed~ru uileh pfh gi~up Wdjxlphh~ c~dxr o~~iwh` il Mxlh ?995,

Il Or~ij ?996* pfh r~hui`hlp dg Px~akhliupol wiuiph` pfh Xliph`

Upophu il ol dggieioj eoroeipy* drhlilc pfh `dd~u gd~ hedldkie ol`

exjpx~oj eddrh~opidl ol` xl`h~upolìlc,

Hedldky

Px~akhliupol fou o ehlp~ojjy edlp~djjh` edkkol` hedldky*

ol` il pfh roup uhwh~oj yho~u* pfh~h fou nhhl dljy jikiph` r~dc~huu

pdso~` o ko~ahp hedldky, Pfh edxlp~y fou woup lopx~oj ~hudx~ehu*

ol` ipu hedldky iu nouh` r~iko~ijy dl lopx~oj cou ol` dij* sfief ip

uhjju r~iko~ijy pd Xa~oilh ol` ^xuuio, Fdshwh~* ip iu gd~eh` pd uhjj

pfhuh op nhjds sd~j`+ko~ahp r~iehu nheoxuh dg o joea dg

ilg~oup~xepx~h lhh`h` pd uhjj ol` p~olurd~p pfhuh ~hudx~ehu pd dpfh~

rjoehu, Dpfh~ ojph~lopiwh rirhjilh rjolu o~h nhilc upxìh` ol` fowh

~hehlpjy coilh` gowd~ sipf* ol` oc~hhkhlp g~dk* pfh Px~akhl

cdwh~lkhlp,

^hehlpjy* pfh edxlp~y fou ojud upo~ph` c~dsilc sfhop, Sfijh

ilìwi`xoj go~kh~u fowh ukojj rjdpu dg jol` gd~ c~dsilcwhchponjhu* cdwh~lkhlp kolòphu ~hqxi~h pfhk pd c~ds edppdl ol`

sfhop gd~ uojh pd pfh upoph,

Koly òijy lhehuuipihu o~h uxnuiì}h` ny pfh cdwh~lkhlp,

Fdxuhfdj` cou* hjhep~ieipy* soph~ ol` uojp o~h g~hh &nouh` dl

kilikxk jhwhju dg edluxkrpidl)* ol` hoef go~k eddrh~opiwh

sd~ah~ fou nhhl hlpipjh` pd o cigp dg giwh fhepo~hu dg jol`,

Xlgd~pxlophjy* pfh gxlìlc gd~ pfhuh uxnuiìhu fou `sil`jh` pdojkdup ldpfilc nheoxuh dg o joea dg uojhu ~hwhlxh, Ol owh~och

Px~akhl ho~lu ol hqxiwojhlp dg ondxp $>?>+$>02 X,U, `djjo~u rh~

kdlpf, Ou dg Molxo~y ?* >2?2* Px~akhliupol dggieiojjy efolch` ipu

ex~~hley* eojjh` Kolop, Pfh~h o~h ?*8*?2* >2* 82* ol` ?22 Kolop


15/83


?0

nola ldphu sipf o uhp hvefolch ~oph dg >,605 pd $?,22 &X,U,), Pfh

lhs Kolop iu sd~pf 8*222 dg pfh dj` Kolop ol` il koly ko~ahpu*

hurheiojjy dxpui`h dg Oufconop* r~iehu o~h upijj qxdph` il dj`

Kolop,

Rhdrjh ol ` Exjpx~h

Oeed~ìlc pd >228 hupikophu* pfh~h o~h orr~dvikophjy 0,9 kijjidl

rhdrjh il Px~akhliupol* pfh jhoup rdrxjoph` dg pfh Ehlp~oj Ouiol

~hrxnjieu, Pfh jo~chup hpflie c~dxr iu pfh Px~akhl* edlupipxpilc 33rh~ehlp dg pfh pdpoj rdrxjopidl, Pfh pf~hh koil kild~ipy c~dxru o~h

^xuuiolu* X}nhau* ol` Ao}oafu, Pfh~h o~h ojud ukojjh~ lxknh~u

dg Popo~u* Xa~oiliolu* O}h~iu* O~khliolu* ol` Nojxefiu &g~dk

o~hou dg I~ol ol` Roaiupol),

^xuuiolu ol` Px~akhl ~hui`h koiljy il pfh udxpfh~l ol` ehlp~oj

~hcidlu dg pfh edxlp~y* sfijh X}nhau r~h`dkiloph il pfh houp ol`

ld~pfhoup, Il pfh shup* pfh~h iu o kiv dg O~khliolu* O}h~iu*

^xuuiolu* ol` Px~akhl, Px~akhl o~h ìwi`h` ilpd giwh ~hcidloj

p~inhu pfop ~dxcfjy ed~~hurdl` pd pfh giwh R~dwilehu &d~ Shjoyopu)*

o ìwiuidl pfop iu ~hgjheph` il pfh `huicl dg pfh lopidlu gjoc,

Pfh Px~akhl o~h `huehlòlpu dg pfh Dcfx} p~inhu sfd kic~oph`

pd Ehlp~oj Ouio o~dxl` pfh ?2pf ehlpx~y O,@, Ny pfh ?8pf ehlpx~y*

pfhy fo` hkh~ch` ou o ìupilep hpflie c~dxr* nxp sh~h ìwi`h` nyp~inoj jdyojpihu ol` ph~~ipd~ioj ìwiuidlu, O up~dlc uhluh dg p~inoj

jdyojpy ~hkoilu pdòy ol` iu ~hilgd~eh` ny ìggh~hlp ìojhepu, Pfh

pf~hh jo~chup p~inhu o~h pfh Phaah il ehlp~oj Px~akhliupol* pfh

H~uo~y il pfh udxpfhoup* ol` pfh Ydkx` il pfh ld~pf ol` shup,

Dg pfh psd r~iko~y exjpx~oj c~dxru il Px~akhliupol* pfh ^xuuiol

rdrxjopidl iu o nip kd~h Shuph~l il `~huu* jighupyjh* ol` oppipx`hu,

Koly ^xuuiol sdkhl* gd~ hvokrjh* sho~ Shuph~l+upyjh ejdpfilcol` koahxr, Pfh Px~akhl rdrxjopidl chlh~ojjy fou o kd~h

p~oìpidloj jighupyjh* ol` pfh sdkhl sho~ jdlc* n~icfpjy edjd~h`

`~huuhu ol` fho` ueo~whu,


16/83


?8

Pfh udeioj jigh dg ol xlko~~ih` Px~akhl sdkol iu picfpjy

edlp~djjh`, Ndpf khl ol` sdkhl o~h ojjdsh` pd efdduh pfhi~

urdxuhu pd o `hc~hh* nxp pfhy xuxojjy kxup nh g~dk pfh uokh p~inh

ol` khhp pfh orr~dwoj dg pfh edxrjhu ro~hlpu, Il pfh roup*

Px~akhl gokijihu phl`h` pd nh jo~ch* sipf gdx~ pd uiv &d~ kd~h)

efij`~hl* sfh~hou ^xuuiol gokijihu ~o~hjy fo` kd~h pfol psd

efij`~hl, ^hehlp òpo gd~ Px~akhl gokijihu ilìeoph pfop pfh

owh~och iu lds pf~hh efij`~hl,

Px~akhl o~h hvp~hkhjy g~ihl`jy ol` so~k* pfdxcf pfhy koyorrho~ edj` ol` ìupolp dl pfh ux~goeh, Wdjxlphh~u hlmdy ndpf

Px~akhl ol` ^xuuiol fduripojipy ol` o~h ilp~icxh` ny pfh ìggh~hlp

exjpx~hu,

Hlwi~dlkhlp

Px~akhliupol iu `~y sipf o `huh~p ph~~oil, Gd~pxlophjy* kdup eipihu

fowh p~hhu ol` o~h qxiph c~hhl il ur~ilc ol` uxkkh~, Pfh~h o~h

gdx~ ìupilep uhoudlu= Silph~u eol nh uldsy ol` edj` sipf nipph~

silù1 uxkkh~ phkrh~opx~hu eol ~hoef ou ficf ou ?52 `hc~hhu

Gof~hlfhip &sipf jds fxkiìpy)1 ol` ur~ilc ol` gojj o~h ~oily nxp

rjhouolp,

Il pfh silph~pikh* nxijìlcu dgphl hipfh~ fowh ld fhop d~ uhhk pd

nh dwh~fhoph`hlh~cy edluh~wopidl iu ex~~hlpjy ldp ol ikrd~polpiuuxh, Ehlp~oj oi~ edlìpidlilc `dhu ldp hviup il Px~akhliupol* nxp

koly rhdrjh rx~efouh ~ddk+ui}h oi~ edlìpidlilc xlipu d~ ukojj

hjhep~ie golu


17/83


?7

^HUDXÊHU GD GX^PFH ILGD^KOPIDL

Gdjjdsilc iu o jiup dg shnuiphu gd~ o`ìpidloj ilgd~kopidl ondxp pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru ol` Px~akhliupol ol` pd edllhep ydx pd ~hpx~lh`

Wdjxlphh~u ol` dpfh~ ilwiphhu, Rjhouh ahhr il kil` pfop ojpfdxcf

sh p~y pd koah ux~h ojj pfhuh jilau o~h oepiwh ol` ex~~hlp* sh

eolldp cxo~olphh ip, Ig ydx `d ldp fowh oeehuu pd pfh Ilph~lhp* wiuip

ydx~ jdeoj jin~o~y, Jin~o~ihu dggh~ g~hh Ilph~lhp xuoch ol` dgphl jhp

ydx r~ilp ilgd~kopidl pd poah fdkh,

O ldph dg eoxpidl= Ou ydx ux~g pfh Ilph~lhp* nh oso~h pfop ydx koy

gil` nxjjhpil ndo~ù ol` efop ~ddku il sfief rhdrjh o~h g~hh pd

hvr~huu drilidlu ondxp pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru nouh` dl pfhi~ dsl

hvrh~ihleh* ilejxìlc edkkhlpu ny pfduh sfd sh~h xlforry sipf

pfhi~ efdieh pd uh~wh il pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru, Pfhuh drilidlu o~h ldp

pfduh dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru d~ pfh X,U, cdwh~lkhlp* ol` sh fdrh

ydx sijj ahhr il kil` pfop ld psd rhdrjh hvrh~ihleh pfhi~ uh~wiehil pfh uokh soy,

Chlh~oj Ilgd~kopidl Ondxp Px~akhliupol

sss,edxlp~ysopef,edk$

Dl pfiu uiph* ydx eol jho~l olypfilc g~dk sfop pikh ip iu il pfh

Px~akhliupolOufconop pd fds pd edlwh~p g~dk pfh `djjo~ pd pfh

Px~akhliupolKolop, Mxup ejiea dl Px~akhliupolol` cd g~dkpfh~h,

sss,jdlhjyrjolhp,edk$`hupilopidlu

Wiuip pfiu uiph gd~ chlh~oj p~owhj o`wieh ondxp ojkdup oly edxlp~y il

pfh sd~j`,

sss,upoph,cdw

Pfh Upoph @hro~pkhlpu shnuiph iuuxhu noeac~dxl` ldphu

rh~idìeojjy ondxp edxlp~ihu o~dxl` pfh sd~j`, Gil`

Px~akhliupol ol` jho~l kd~h ondxp ipu udeioj ol` rdjipieoj


18/83


?3

fiupd~y, Ydx eol ojud cd pd pfh uiphu ilph~lopidloj p~owhj uhepidl pd

efhea dl edlìpidlu pfop koy ogghep ydx~ uoghpy,

sss,ru~,ahhjh,oe,xa$dggieioj,fpk

Pfiu ilejx`hu jilau pd ojj pfh dggieioj uiphu gd~ cdwh~lkhlpu

sd~j`si`h,

sss,chdc~orfy,ondxp,edk$jin~o~y$koru$njil`hv,fpk

Pfiu dljilh sd~j` opjou ilejx`hu koru ol` chdc~orfieoj

ilgd~kopidl* ol` hoef edxlp~y roch edlpoilu jilau pd dpfh~ uiphu*uxef ou pfh Jin~o~y dg Edlc~huu* pfop edlpoil edkr~hfhluiwh

fiupd~ieoj* udeioj* ol` rdjipieoj noeac~dxl`,

sss,eynh~uefddjnxu,xl,d~c$ ilgdlop idl$ ilgd,our

Pfiu Xliph` Lopidlu uiph ojjdsu ydx pd uho~ef gd~ upopiupieoj

ilgd~kopidl gd~ khknh~ upophu dg pfh X,L,

sss,sd~jìlgd~kopidl,edk

Pfiu uiph r~dwi`hu ol o`ìpidloj udx~eh dg ex~~hlp ol` fiupd~ieoj

ilgd~kopidl ondxp edxlp~ihu o~dxl` pfh sd~j`,

Edllh ep Sipf ^h px ~lh ` Wdjxlp h h ~u

ol` Dpfh~ Ilwiphhu

sss,~rew,d~c

Pfiu iu pfh uiph dg pfh Lopidloj Rhoeh Ed~ru Ouudeiopidl* ko`h xr

dg ~hpx~lh` Wdjxlphh~u, Dl pfiu uiph ydx eol gil` jilau pd ojj pfh

Shn rochu dg pfh G~ihlù dg c~dxru gd~ kdup edxlp~ihu dg

uh~wieh* edkr~iuh` dg gd~kh~ Wdjxlphh~u sfd uh~wh` il pfduh

edxlp~ihu, Pfh~h o~h ojud ~hcidloj c~dxru pfop g~hqxhlpjy chp

pdchpfh~ gd~ udeioj hwhlpu ol` jdeoj wdjxlphh~ oepiwipihu, D~ cd

up~oicfp pd pfh G~ihlù dg Px~akhliupol uiph=

fppr=sss,g~ihlùdgpx~akhliupol,d~cKhknh~u,fpkj

fppr=$$sss,~rewshn~ilc,d~c


19/83


?6

Pfiu uiph iu aldsl ou pfh ~hpx~lh` Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~ Shn

~ilc, N~dsuh pfh Shn ~ilc ol` uhh sfop gd~kh~ Wdjxlphh~u o~h

uoyilc ondxp pfhi~ uh~wieh,

sss,rhoehed~rus~iph~u,d~c

Pfiu uiph iu fduph` ny o c~dxr dg ~hpx~lh` Wdjxlphh~ s~iph~u, Ip iu o

kdlpfjy dljilh rxnjieopidl dg huuoyu ol` Wdjxlphh~ oeedxlpu dg

pfhi~ Rhoeh Ed~ru uh~wieh,

Dljilh O~p iejh uEx~ ~h lp Lh su Uiph u Ondxp Px~ akh liupolsss,hx~ouiolhp,d~c$px~akhliupol,r~dmhep$

Pfh Px~akhliupol R~dmhep iu o shnuiph koloch` ny pfh Drhl

Udeihpy Ilupipxph, Pfiu uiph r~dwi`hu o shhajy olojyuiu dg lhsu ol`

hwhlpu il Px~akhliupol,

sss,px~akhliupolhknouuy,d~c

Pfh dggieioj shnuiph dg pfh Px~akhliupol Hknouuy il Soufilcpdl*

@,E,

sss,px~akhliupol,xuhknouuy,cdw$

Uiph dg pfh X,U, Hknouuy il Oufconop* Px~akhliupol* sfief

edlpoilu jilau pd dpfh~ uiphu,

^hedkkhl`h` Nddau

?, N~xkkhj* Roxj, Px~akhliupol= Pfh N~o`p P~owhj Cxi`h,N~o`p P~owhj Cxi`hu* >227, >, H`co~* O`~ihllh Jyll, P~inoj

Lopidl= Pfh Koailc dg Udwihp Px~akhliupol, R~ilehpdl* L,M,=

R~ilehpdl Xliwh~uipy R~huu* >220, 5, Fdrai~a* Rhph~, Pfh

C~hop Cokh= Pfh Up~xccjh gd~ Hkri~h il Ehlp~oj Ouio, Lhs Yd~a=

Adòlufo Ilph~lopidloj* ?99>,

0, A~drg* Mdfl S, Xlaldsl Uolù= Mdx~lhyu O~dxl` pfh

Sd~jù Kdup Iudjoph` Edxlp~y, @xupy Uro~a Rxnjiufilc* >227, 8,Fh~dl* Mdol* Efoi Nx`huf, Olydlh gd~ Pho4 Nojpikd~h*

K`,= RxnjiufOkh~ieo* >226, 7, Ko~d}}i* Mxupil, Pokh~jolh=

Usd~` dg Iujok* Edlqxh~d~ dg pfh Sd~j`, Eokn~i`ch* Kouu,= @o

Eord R~huu* >220, 3, Koujds* Mdlopfol, Uoe~h` Fd~uhu= Pfh


20/83


?9

Khkdi~u dg o Px~akhl Edsndy, Lhs Yd~a* L,Y,= ôl`dk

Fdxuh* ?990, 6, Liyo}dw* Uoro~kx~op Px~akhlnoufy,

^xafloko= ^hgjhepidlu dl pfh Uri~ipxoj Wojxhu dg pfh Px~akhl,

Oufconop= Upoph Rxnjiufilc Uh~wieh Px~akhliupol* >22?,

9, ^hkliea* @owi`, Jhlilu Pdkn= Pfh Joup @oyu dg Udwihp

Hkri~h, Lhs Yd~a* L,Y,= ol`dk Fdxuh* ?990, ?2,

Uphwhlu* Upxo~p,Licfp P~oil pd Px~aiupol= Kd`h~l

O`whlpx~hu Ojdlc Efilou Oleihlp Uija do`, Lhs Yd~a* L,Y,=

Opjolpie Kdlpfjy R~huu* ?966,

??, Pfxn~dl* Edjil, Pfh Jdup Fho~p dg Ouio, Lhs Yd~a* L,Y,=

Fo~rh~ Rh~hllioj*?998

Nddau Ondxp p fh Fiupd~y dg pfh Rho eh Ed~ru

?, Fdggkol* Hji}onhpf Ednnu,Ojj Ydx Lhh` iu Jdwh= Pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru ol` pfh Uri~ip dg pfh ?972u, Eokn~i`ch* Kouu,= Fo~wo~`Xliwh~uipy R~huu* >222,

>, îeh* Ch~oj` P, Pfh Ndj` Hvrh~ikhlp= MGAu Rhoeh Ed~ru, Ldp~h

@okh* Il`,= Xliwh~uipy dg Ldp~h @okh R~huu* ?968,

5, Upduuhj* Uedpp, Uo~ch= Pfh Jigh ol` Pikhu dg Uo~chlp Uf~iwh~,

Soufilcpdl* @,E,= Ukipfudliol Ilupipxpidl R~huu* >220,

Nddau dl pfh Wdjxlphh~ Hvrh~ihleh

?, @i~jok* Ufo~dl,Nhydl` Uinh~io= Psd Yho~u il o Gd~cdpphl Rjoeh,

Uolpo No~no~o* Eojig,= KeUhou Nddau* >220,

>, Eouhndjp* Ko~md~ih @hKduu,Ko~co~ipo= O Cxophkojol Rhoeh

Ed~ru Hvrh~ihleh, Cic Fo~nd~* Souf,= ^h` Orrjh Rxnjiufilc*

>222,

5, H~`kol* Uo~of,Lilh Fijju pd Lokndlaofo= Psd Yho~u il pfh

Fho~p dg ol Og~ieol Wijjoch, Lhs Yd~a* L,Y,= Rieo`d~* >225,

0, Fhuujh~* Rhph~,îwh~ Pdsl= Psd Yho~u dl pfh Yolcp}h, Lhs

Yd~a* L,Y,= Rh~hllioj* >22?,


21/83


>2

8, Ahllh`y* Ch~ojìlh h`, G~dk pfh Ehlph~ dg pfh Ho~pf= Upd~ihu dxp

dg pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru, Uolpo Kdlieo* Eojig,= Ejdwh~ Ro~a R~huu*?99?,

7, Pfdkruhl* Kd~ip},Jiwilc Rdd~= O Rhoeh Ed~ru Ef~dliejh,

Uhoppjh* Souf,= Xliwh~uipy dg Soufilcpdl R~huu* ?993 &~hr~ilp),

WOJXONJH PIR= NDDAUHWHL RORH^NOEAUO^H FHOWY*

OL@ OU YDX UPO^P PD ROEA* YDX SIJJ UDDL ALDS PFH

WOJXH DG OL DXLEH, RIEA DLJY DLH D^ PSD DG PFHUH

NDDAU GD^ YDX^ MDX^LHY, PFHL EDRY PFHUH

NINJIDCÔRFY ROCHU* EIÊJH SFOP HJUH YDX SOLP PD

^HO@* OL@ JHOWH PFH ROCHU NHFIL@ SIPF GOKIJY OL@

GÎHL@U OU O CIGP SIUF JIUP, PFH RHOEHED^RU$PXÂKHLIUPOL DGGIEH OJUD FOU O JO^CH JINÔ^Y

DG NDDAU JHGP NY R^HWIDXU WDJXLPHHÛ,


22/83


>?

JIWILC EDL@IPIDLU OL@

WDJXLPHH JIGHUPYJH

Edkkxlieopidlu

Koij= Ghs edxlp~ihu il pfh sd~j` dggh~ pfh jhwhj dg rdupoj uh~wieh

edlui`h~h` ld~koj il pfh Xliph` Upophu, Koij fou poahl ou ghs ou

psd d~ pf~hh shhau pd o~~iwh il Px~akhliupol* nxp ip eol poah

jdlch~* hurheiojjy o~dxl` fdjiòyu, Udkh koij koy uikrjy ldp

o~~iwh, Fdshwh~* rdupoj uh~wieh fou ikr~dwh` ikkhluhjy il pfhroup edxrjh dg yho~u,

Ydx~ o``~huu sfijh ydx o~h o p~oilhh &ydx~ gi~up ?2 shhau il+

edxlp~y) sijj nh=

Ydx~ Lokh* REP

X,U, Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol

RD Ndv >86* A~xcd}d~Ehlp~oj Rdup Dggieh

Oufconop* 300222

PXÂKHLIUPOL

@x~ilc p~oililc* ydx~ koij sijj o~~iwh op pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru dggieh

ol` nh `hjiwh~h` pd ydx ny pfh p~oililc upogg, @x~ilc ydx~ gi~up ghs

kdlpfu il+edxlp~y pfh onuhleh dg koij koy nh ìuedx~ocilc* ud

ydx kicfp solp pd uxcchup pfop gokijy ol` g~ihlù s~iph pd ydx

hwhl nhgd~h ydx jhowh pfh Xliph` Upophu,

Dleh ydx o~h ouuiclh` pd ydx~ rh~kolhlp uiph* ydx koy fowh koij

uhlp ì~hepjy pfh~h d~ ydx koy edlpilxh pd fowh koij uhlp pd pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru dggieh ig ydx siuf, Gd~ jo~ch~ iphku* ro``h`

hlwhjdrhu o~h uogh~ pfol ndvhu, Ldph pfop ip iu upolò~` r~deh`x~h

gd~ roeaochu pd nh drhlh` ol` ilurheph` op pfh ehlp~oj rdup dggieh,Pfh~hgd~h* sh ~hedkkhl` pfop ydx ldp fowh i~~hrjoehonjh d~

wojxonjh iphku uhlp pd ydx* ou pfhy eol kyuph~idxujy ìuorrho~ il

p~oluip,


23/83


>>

Wdjxlphh~u ol` upogg p~owhjilc noea fdkh dgphl dggh~ pd fol`+eo~~y

jhpph~u pd nh koijh` dleh pfhy o~~iwh il pfh Xliph` Upophu* ud ydx

koy solp pd n~ilc o uxrrjy dg X,U, upokru, Sfijh pfiu iu o c~hop

soy pd `hoj sipf pfh xleh~poilpy dg ilph~lopidloj koij uh~wieh* ydx

ufdxj` ldp ~hjy dl pfiu khpfd`* ou ip iu o gowd~ ol` ydx~ koij edxj`

uip gd~ shhau il pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru dggieh,

Sh up~dlcjy hledx~och ydx pd s~iph pd ydx~ gokijy ~hcxjo~jy,

Gokijy khknh~u pyrieojjy nhedkh sd~~ih` sfhl pfhy `d ldp fho~

g~dk Wdjxlphh~u* ud o`wiuh gokijy ol` g~ihlù pfop koij uh~wieh iuurd~oìe ol` pfop pfhy ufdxj` ldp sd~~y ig pfhy `d ldp ~hehiwh ydx~

jhpph~u ~hcxjo~jy, Ig o uh~idxu r~dnjhk sh~h pd deex~* pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru Dggieh dg Urheioj Uh~wiehu il Soufilcpdl* @,E,* sdxj`

ldpigy ydx~ gokijy,

Ydx koy ojud solp pd o`wiuh ydx~ gokijy ol` g~ihlù pd lxknh~

pfhi~ jhpph~u uhqxhlpiojjy gd~ p~oeailc rx~rduhu &pfiu sijj fhjr ydx

phjj ig jhpph~u o~h kiuuilc* pfdxcf pfhy koy o~~iwh dxp dg d~`h~) ol`pd s~iph Oi~koij ol` Ro~ Owidl dl pfhi~ hlwhjdrhu,

Phjhrfdlhu= Jdlc+ìupoleh edkkxlieopidl wio phjhrfdlh iu

owoijonjh nxp eol nh xl~hjionjh ol` hvrhluiwh, Ojpfdxcf

Px~akhliupol fou ì~hep+ìoj dwh~uhou oeehuu il udkh o~hou* il

kdup o~hou ilph~lopidloj eojju &hvehrp pfduh pd dpfh~ EIU edxlp~ihu)

kxup nh nddah` pf~dxcf ol drh~opd~, Ig ydx o~h eojjilc g~dk

dxpui`h Oufconop* ip koy poah jdlch~ pd chp o jilh ol` ydx~

edlwh~uopidl koy nh exp dgg ogph~ ?8 kilxphu d~ ud, Pfh ex~~hlp

~oph gd~ eojju pd Okh~ieo iu orr~dvikophjy $>,32 rh~ kilxph, Ip iu

ikrd~polp gd~ ydx~ gokijy ol` g~ihlù pd alds pfop pfhy ufdxj` ldp

hvrhep pd nh onjh pd ~hoef ydx ny rfdlh qxieajy, Edkkxlieopilc

ny jol`jilh phjhrfdlhu sipfil Px~akhliupol koy ojud nh ìggiexjp

op pikhu* nxp iu rduuinjh,

Ojkdup ojj REWu lds xuh o ehjjrfdlh, Koly ehjjrfdlhu

rx~efouh` il pfh Upophu `dl#p sd~a il Px~akhliupol, Ig ydx~ rfdlh

eokh ou ro~p dg o rjol* ip r~dnonjy sdl#p sd~a fh~h, O nouie Ldaio


24/83


>5

ehjjrfdlh eol nh rx~efouh` fh~h gd~ ondxp $08 X,U, `djjo~u ol` o

UIK eo~` edupu ondxp $3, Oi~pikh iu r~hroi`,

Edkrxph~* Ilph~lhp* ol` Hkoij Oeehuu= Rhoeh

Ed~ruPx~akhliupol fou pf~hh edkrxph~u sipf Ilph~lhp oeehuu

udjhjy gd~ xuh ny Wdjxlphh~u ol` jikiph` xuh ny p~oilhhu, R~id~ pd

nhilc ciwhl oeehuu* Wdjxlphh~u kxup uicl o upophkhlp oc~hhilc pd

oni`h ny ojj ~xjhu ol` ~hcxjopidlu cdwh~lilc pfh xuh dg Rhoeh

Ed~ru edkrxph~u, Ojpfdxcf pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru `dhu ldp r~dwi`h

hkoij oeedxlpu gd~ Wdjxlphh~u* ydx eol uhp xr g~hh oeedxlpu sipfr~dwi`h~u uxef ou Yofdd/ ol` Fdpkoij, Pfh Ilph~lhp uh~wieh iu

ujds op pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru dggieh ol` ip koy ldp nh rduuinjh pd

xrjdo` riepx~hu dl Goehndda d~ uhl` riepx~hu wio hkoij,

Ilph~lhp eogu sipf gouph~ uh~wieh o~h rdrrilc xr ojj dwh~ pfh komd~

eipihu il Px~akhliupol, Koly REWu sijj fowh shhajy oeehuu pd

Ilph~lhp eogu nxp koly sijj dljy fowh jikiph` oeehuu, Ip iu o cdd`

i`ho pd hvrjoil pfiu pd ydx~ gokijy ol` g~ihlù ud pfhy `d ldpsd~~y ig pfhy `d ldp fho~ g~dk ydx dgphl,

Fdxuilc ol` Uiph Jdeop idl

Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol ~hqxi~hu pfop Wdjxlphh~u jiwh sipf fdup

gokijihu gd~ pfh gi~up pf~hh kdlpfu dg uh~wieh pd nhpph~ xl`h~upol`

pfh exjpx~oj edlphvp sipfil sfief pfhy o~h jiwilc ol` sd~ailc,Fdup gokijihu ~hehiwh p~oililc il uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy uxrrd~p gd~

Wdjxlphh~u ol` il iuuxhu dg Okh~ieol ìwh~uipy ol` wojxhu, Oly

efolch il fdup gokijy d~ o kdwh pd ol oro~pkhlp d~ fdkh ogph~ pfh

~hqxi~h` fdup gokijy upoy kxup khhp Rhoeh Ed~ru uoghpy ol`

uhex~ipy upolò~ù ol` nh orr~dwh` ny ydx~ r~dc~ok koloch~ il

o`woleh, Il udkh edkkxlipihu* ip koy ldp nh exjpx~ojjy

orr~dr~ioph pd jiwh ojdlh* ro~piexjo~jy gd~ sdkhl &dg oly och),

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru orr~doef pd uoghpy iu nouh` dl pfh r~hkiuh pfop

Wdjxlphh~u o~h uoghup ol` kdup hgghepiwh sfhl pfhy o~h gxjjy

ilphc~oph` ilpd pfhi~ edkkxlipihu ol` fowh coilh` pfh p~xup ol`

~hurhep dg pfh jdeoj rhdrjh, Nhgd~h koailc uiph ouuiclkhlpu* pfh


25/83


>0

Rhoeh Ed~ru edlui`h~u uiph+urheigie ilgd~kopidl* ilrxp g~dk fdup

edxlp~y urdlud~u &i,h,* jdeoj uefddju* fduripoju* d~ fhojpf goeijipy

ì~hepd~u)* ol` p~oilhhu uaijju* onijipihu* ol` urheioj edleh~lu &h,c,*

khìeoj* fhojpf* ol` uoghpy), Pfiu eo~hgxj kopefilc r~dehuu oiku pd

rjoeh Wdjxlphh~u op pfh uiphu kdup il lhh` dg pfhi~ pyrh dg

ouuiupoleh il pfh fdrh pfop pfiu sijj ~huxjp il o rduipiwh* ~hso~ìlc

hvrh~ihleh gd~ ndpf Wdjxlphh~u ol` pfh rhdrjh dg Px~akhliupol,

Pfh r~dc~ok koloch~ ol` r~dc~ok ouuiupolp o~h ~hurdluinjh gd~

gilìlc ilipioj fdxuilc gd~ Wdjxlphh~u il edd~ìlopidl sipf fdup

edxlp~y uiph uxrh~wiud~u,

Jiwilc Ojjdsoleh ol` Kdlh y Kol och kh lp

Wdjxlphh~u ~hehiwh gdx~ pyrhu dg ojjdsolehu, Sfhl ydx nhedkh o

Wdjxlphh~* ydx sijj ~hehiwh o dlh+pikh uhppjilc+il ojjdsoleh il

jdeoj ex~~hley pfop iu ~dxcfjy hqxoj pd dlh kdlpfu jiwilc

ojjdsoleh, Ip edwh~u pfh edup dg nxyilc nouie fdxuhfdj` iphku gd~

ydx~ rh~kolhlp uiph,

Ydx sijj ojud ~hehiwh o jiwilc ojjdsoleh il jdeoj ex~~hley*

`hrduiph` ~hcxjo~jy il o jdeoj nola oeedxlp* pd edwh~ gdd`* xpijipihu*

fdxuhfdj` uxrrjihu* ejdpfilc* ~he~hopidl ol` hlph~poilkhlp*

p~olurd~popidl* ~hoìlc koph~ioju* ol` dpfh~ ilei`hlpoju, Pfh

okdxlp dg pfh jiwilc ojjdsoleh iu nouh` dl pfh jdeoj hedldky op

ydx~ uiph ol` koy wo~y ny ~hcidl, Pfh okdxlp iu ~hwihsh` op jhoupdleh o yho~ pf~dxcf o ko~ahp ux~why pd hlux~h pfop ip iu o`hqxoph,

Ydx o~h jiahjy pd gil` pfop ydx ~hehiwh kd~h ~hkxlh~opidl pfol

ydx~ fdup edxlp~y edxlph~ro~p d~ uxrh~wiud~,

Ydx sijj ~hehiwh o woeopidl ojjdsoleh dg $>0 rh~ kdlpf dg

uh~wieh, Gilojjy* ydx sijj ~hehiwh o qxo~ph~jy p~owhj ojjdsoleh pd

edwh~ pfh edup dg p~olurd~popidl* jd`cilc* ol` khoju sfijh

p~owhjilc gd~ dggieioj rx~rduhu &ilejxìlc r~dc~ok+~hjoph` p~owhj*khìeoj p~owhj* ol` p~owhj pd ~hqxi~h` p~oililcu ol` Rhoeh Ed~ru

hwhlpu), Pfh okdxlp iu huponjiufh` ny pfh o`kiliup~opiwh dggieh~

ol` iu uiph ol` hwhlp+urheigie, Udkh hvp~od~ìlo~y hvrhluhu ondwh

pfiu ojjdsoleh koy nh ~hiknx~uh` dl ol ilìwi`xoj nouiu,


26/83


>8

Kdup Wdjxlphh~u jiwh edkgd~ponjy il Px~akhliupol sipf pfhuh gdx~

ojjdsolehu, Wdjxlphh~u o~h up~dlcjy iuedx~och` g~dk

uxrrjhkhlpilc pfhi~ iledkh sipf kdlhy n~dxcfp g~dk fdkh* ou

pfhy o~h hvrheph` pd jiwh op pfh hedldkie jhwhj dg pfhi~ lhicfnd~u

ol` edjjhocxhu, Fdshwh~* koly Wdjxlphh~u `d n~ilc kdlhy pd

urhl` sfijh pfhy o~h dl woeopidl ol`* ou pfh~h o~h koly

ilph~hupilc rjoehu pd wiuip il pfh ~hcidl* ydx koy solp pd edlui`h~

pfiu,

E~hìp eo~ù chlh~ojjy eolldp nh xuh` il Px~akhliupol &hvehrp* gd~ilupoleh* sfhl rx~efouilc oi~jilh pieahpu g~dk gd~hicl eo~~ih~u d~

gd~ chppilc o eouf o`woleh op pfh Px~akhl Ehlp~oj Nola)* nxp pfhy

o~h fol`y gd~ woeopidl p~owhj dxpui`h Px~akhliupol, Oldpfh~

drpidl pd edlui`h~ iu o r~h+roi` `hnip eo~` gd~ xuh `x~ilc p~owhj,

P~owhjh~u efheau eolldp nh eoufh` il Px~akhliupol op pfiu pikh,

Ojj Wdjxlphh~u uhp xr jdeoj nola oeedxlpu hipfh~ il pfh eoripoj d~ op

pfh n~olef lho~hup pfhi~ uiph,

Gdd` ol` @ihp

Uporjh gddù o~h owoijonjh pf~dxcfdxp pfh yho~, Ikrd~ph` gddù o~h

ile~houilcjy edkkdl* pfdxcf pfhy koy ldp nh pfh Okh~ieol d~

Hx~drhol n~olù ydx o~h xuh` pd ol` pfhy o~h hvrhluiwh,

Efieahl* hccu* ol` kija o~h owoijonjh nxp udkhsfop hvrhluiwh,Khop eol ojsoyu nh gdxl`* ol` giuf iu goi~jy edkkdl, Udx~ e~hok

ol` jdeojjy ko`h sfiph efhhuh o~h owoijonjh il kdup ko~ahpu,

Ikrd~ph` efhhuhu o~h nhedkilc kd~h si`hjy owoijonjh* nxp o~h

edupjy,Ydx sijj gil` ol onxlòleh dg g~huf g~xipu ol` whchponjhu*

uxef ou khjdlu* c~orhu* rdkhc~olophu* ol` pfh xniqxipdxu

hccrjolpu* il pfh uxkkh~ ol` gojj, Il pfh silph~* ydx eol chlh~ojjy

gil` rdpopdhu* eonnochu* eo~~dpu* dlidlu* uriloef* co~jie* orrjhu*

kolò~ilu* d~olchu* ol` rholxpu, Pdkopdhu* exexknh~u* ol`nololou o~h ojud owoijonjh il pfh silph~* nxp o~h hvrhluiwh, C~oilu*

lxpu* ol` `~ih` g~xipu &h,c,* or~iedpu ol` ~oiuilu) o~h ojsoyu

owoijonjh* ou o~h g~huf fh~nu jiah ~h` nouij* kilp* efiwhu* ìjj*


27/83


>7

eijolp~d* ol` ro~ujhy, Ko~ahpu il kd~h ~x~oj o~hou phl` pd dggh~

ghsh~ iphku yho~+~dxl` pfol `d ko~ahpu il eipihu,

Pfh p~oìpidloj Px~akhl ol` ^xuuiol ìhpu ~hjy fhowijy dl ~ieh*

khop* ol` gop, N~hoagoup xuxojjy edluiupu dg pho* n~ho`* ol` koynh

nxpph~ d~ fdkhko`h mok, @illh~ iu xuxojjy pfh jo~chup khoj dg pfh

òy, Uefddju uh~wh ilhvrhluiwh uloeau pd upx`hlpu ol` goexjpy,

Edkkdljy uh~wh` nhwh~ochu ilejx`h fdp pho &ndpf njoea ol`

c~hhl)* kilh~oj soph~* edkrdph &ndijh` ol` r~huh~wh` g~xip mxieh)*ol` ojedfdj &i,h,* wdào* edcloe* nhh~* ol` jdeojjy r~d`xeh` silh),

Efokroclh iu dgphl uh~wh` dl ghupiwh deeouidlu, Shuph~l+upyjh

nhwh~ochu uxef ou Edeo+Edjo* Golpo* ol` ndvh` mxiehu o~h

owoijonjh,

Up~iep whchpo~iolu koy fowh ìggiexjpihu o`fh~ilc pd pfhi~ ìhp sfijh

il Px~akhliupol nheoxuh dg pfh fhowy ~hjioleh dl olikoj r~d`xepu

il pfh jdeoj ìhp ol` nheoxuh dg pfh edlupolp udeioj r~huux~h pdhopol` hop o jdp, Ydx~ fdup gokijy* gd~ hvokrjh* koy nh fx~p ig

ydx ~hgxuh pd hop pfhi~ gdd`, Il o`ìpidl* pfh kholilc dg

whchpo~ioliuk dgphl iu ldp xl`h~updd`, @d ldp nh ux~r~iuh` pd fho~

udkhdlh uoy* gd~ hvokrjh* pfop o udxr iu whchpo~iol hwhl pfdxcf

ip sou ko`h sipf o khop n~dpf d~ pfop o ~ieh ìuf iu uxiponjh

nheoxuh ip sou r~hro~h` sipf jhuu khop dl pdr,

Ydx sijj fowh pd poah efo~ch dg ydx~ ìhp sipfil pfh edlphvp dg

ydx~ fdup gokijyu hvrhepopidlu, &Pfiu orrjihu pd ojj Wdjxlphh~u*

uileh kdup Px~akhl `d ldp ufo~h Okh~ieol wihsu dg sfop

edlupipxphu o fhojpfy ìhp,) Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ruPx~akhliupol upogg

eol fhjr hvrjoil ydx~ uipxopidl pd ydx~ fdup gokijy ol` eol fhjr

ydx `hwhjdr o up~ophcy gd~ koilpoililc ydx~ ìhp,

P~olurd~popidlPfh~h o~h o wo~ihpy dg p~olurd~popidl drpidlu il Px~akhliupol,

Dlh nhlhgip iu pfop pfh lopidloj oi~jilh iu uxnuiì}h`* pfxu ojjdsilc

rhdrjh pd gjy pd kdup komd~ eipihu il Px~akhliupol gd~ ondxp $?9,

Fdshwh~* nheoxuh dg pfh jikiph` RE upirhl`* kdup Wdjxlphh~u poah


28/83


>3

p~oilu* poviu* nxuhu* d~ ko~uf~xpaou &kiliwolu) pd p~owhj g~dk dlh

eipy pd oldpfh~, Dl pfh sfdjh* rxnjie nxuhu o~h o`hqxoph ol`

ilhvrhluiwh, Jiahsiuh* poviu o~h oggd~ònjh ol` ~hoìjy owoijonjh,

Gd~ ydx~ uoghpy* Rhoeh Ed~ru ~hedkkhlù pfop ydx eo~hgxjjy

`hph~kilh pfh uoghpy dg pfh whfiejhu il sfief ydx ~i`h ou koly

whfiejhu o~h dj` ol` il ìu~hroi~, Cxiòleh sijj nh r~dwi`h` `x~ilc

ydx~ r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc dl fds pd `d pfiu,

Chdc~orfy ol` Ejikoph

Px~akhliupol iu uipxoph` il pfh udxpfshup dg Ehlp~oj Ouio, Ip iujdeoph` ld~pf dg pfh Adrhp @oc Kdxlpoilu* nhpshhl pfh Eouriol

Uho il pfh shup ol` pfh Okx @o~yo îwh~ il pfh houp,

Px~akhliupol nd~`h~u X}nhaiupol il pfh ld~pf ol` houp*

Ao}oafupol il pfh ld~pfshup* I~ol il pfh udxpf* ol` Ogcfoliupol il

pfh udxpfhoup, Ujicfpjy jo~ch~ pfol Eojigd~lio* pfh edxlp~y fou ol

o~ho dg ?98*>22 uqxo~h kijhu &066*?22 uqxo~h aijdkhph~u),

Pfh hlpi~h ehlp~oj ~hcidl &gdx~+gigpfu dg pfh edxlp~y) edluiupu dg pfh

Ao~o Axk @huh~p* dlh dg pfh jo~chup uol` `huh~pu il pfh sd~j`, Ipu

komd~ ~iwh~u o~h pfh Okx @o~yo &oao Dvxu)* sfief gjdsu ld~pf

pf~dxcf pfh houph~l ~hcidl dg pfh ~hrxnjie ol` hkrpihu ilpd pfh

O~oj Uho1 ol` pfh Kx~cfor* sfief gjdsu udxpf ilpd Ogcfoliupol,

Pfh Ao~o Axk Eoloj* sfduh edlup~xepidl nhcol il ?980* eo~~ihu

soph~ g~dk pfh Okx @o~yo pd o~i` ehlp~oj ol` shuph~l ~hcidlu pfop

fowh ld uicligieolp lopx~oj soph~soyu, Pfh eoloj iu dlh dg pfhkoil goepd~u edlp~inxpilc pd jds soph~ jhwhju il pfh O~oj Uho,

Pfh owh~och phkrh~opx~h il Molxo~y iu >8 `hc~hhu Gof~hlfhip &+0

`hc~hhu Ehjuixu), Pfh owh~och phkrh~opx~h il Mxjy iu ?20 G &02 E)*

ol` eol ~hoef ou ficf ou ?52 G &82 E) il udxpfhouph~l Ao~o Axk,

R~heiripopidl iu ujicfp pf~dxcfdxp kxef dg pfh edxlp~y* sipf

owh~och ~oilgojj ~olcilc g~dk dljy 5,> ilefhu &62 kk) il pfh

ld~pfshup pd ondxp ?> ilefhu &522 kk) il kdxlpoildxu ~hcidlu,Kdup ~oil gojju il pfh silph~ ol` ur~ilc* ud pfh fdp uxkkh~ kdlpfu

o~h `~y,


29/83


>6

Udeioj Oep iwip ihu

Udeioj jigh iu qxihp il Px~akhliupol* pfdxcf pfh~h o~h koly no~u*eoghu* ol` ~hupox~olpu il Oufconop, Sfijh pfh rjoehu g~hqxhlph` ny

pfh ukojj hvrop~ioph edkkxlipy il pfh eoripoj o~h shjj ondwh pfh

kholu dg Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~u* jdeoj huponjiufkhlpu o~h

~houdlonjy r~ieh`, Pfh~h o~h o ghs pfhoph~u il pfh eoripoj pfop

r~huhlp jiwh rjoyu ol` gdjajd~h r~d`xepidlu, O ghs eilhkou ol` o

ghs @W@ no~u hviup il Oufconop ol` udkh dpfh~ eipihu* ol` pfhy

udkhpikhu ufds Shuph~l gijku `xnnh` ilpd ^xuuiol, Pfh~h o~h

ex~~hlpjy ld Hlcjiuf jolcxoch eilhkou olysfh~h ilPx~akhliupol, Sfijh `~ilailc iu rh~kipph` il Px~akhliupol*

rxnjie `~xlahllhuu iu ijjhcoj, Udkh Wdjxlphh~u sijj gil` pfh iuuxh

dg ojedfdj edluxkrpidl pd nh dlh dg pfh kdup ìggiexjp pd edkh pd

ph~ku sipf `x~ilc pfhi~ pikh fh~h, Pfh rhdrjh dg Px~akhliupol

jduh ~hurhep gd~ pfduh sfd nhedkh jdx` ol` dnldvidxu xl`h~ pfh

ilgjxhleh dg ojedfdj, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru ojud fou up~iep rdjieihu

ondxp ojedfdj edluxkrpidl,

Dxpui`h pfh eoripoj* licfp jigh iu kd~h jikiph`, Pfh rhdrjh dg

Px~akhliupol gil` hlph~poilkhlp kdupjy pf~dxcf r~iwoph ro~pihu il

pfhi~ fdkhu, Pfhi~ fduripojipy iu chlxilh* ol` ydx sijj nh ilwiph`

pd koly fdkhu ogph~ ydx nhedkh aldsl il ydx~ edkkxlipy,

Urheioj deeouidlu uxef ou ni~pfòyu o~h dgphl ehjhn~oph` sipf

jowiuf ìllh~u, Udkh Wdjxlphh~u fowh gdxl` ip efojjhlcilc `hojilc

sipf pfh edlupolp r~huux~h pd edluxkh gdd` ol` ojedfdj &xuxojjywdào d~ edcloe) op udeioj hwhlpu* ilejxìlc khhpilcu sipf sd~a

uxrh~wiud~u ol` edxlph~ro~pu,

Nheoxuh dg pfh joea dg Shuph~l+upyjh ìwh~uidlu* koly Wdjxlphh~u

nhedkh r~djigie ~ho`h~u d~ poah xr fdnnihu, Pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ruPx~akhliupol dggieh fou o jo~ch jin~o~y dg Hlcjiuf+jolcxoch

nddau jhgp ny roup Wdjxlphh~u* ol` ndda hvefolchu ol` ~hgh~~oju

o~h o Wdjxlphh~ p~oìpidl,

R~dghuuidlojiuk* @~h uu* o l` Nh fowid~

Pfh rhdrjh dg Px~akhliupol poah r~i`h il pfhi~ rh~udloj

orrho~oleh, Pd coil pfh oeehrpoleh* ~hurhep* ol` edlgi`hleh dg


30/83


>9

Px~akhl ed+sd~ah~u* ip iu huuhlpioj pfop ydx `~huu ol` edl`xep

ydx~uhjg r~dghuuidlojjy* sfhpfh~ op ydx~ sd~arjoeh d~ wiuipilc pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru dggieh, @~huu upolò~ù gd~ gd~hicl oi` sd~ah~u o~h

chlh~ojjy edluh~wopiwh ol` kd`hup, Sdkhl o~h hvrheph` pd sho~

eouxoj uai~pu d~ `~huuhu op sd~a &hvehrp `x~ilc rfyuieoj jond~) ol`

khl o~h hvrheph` pd sho~ jdlc p~dxuh~u gd~ oepiwipihu dpfh~ pfol

urd~pu d~ jond~, Hwh~ydlhu ufdhu o~h ojsoyu ufilh` ol` pfhi~

ejdpfilc i~dlh`,

Dxp dg ~hurhep gd~ pfh Px~akhl rhdrjh ol` exjpx~h* Wdjxlphh~u o~hldp ojjdsh` pd ìurjoy nd`y &hvehrp ho~~ilcu) rih~eilcu &ilejxìlc

lduh* pdlcxh* hyhn~ds* ol` lowhj ~ilcu) ol` poppddu `x~ilc pfhi~

uh~wieh, Khl o~h ldp ojjdsh` pd sho~ ho~~ilcu d~ fowh jdlc foi~ d~

rdlypoiju, Ig ydx `d ldp ~hkdwh ydx~ nd`y ~ilcu ol` exp ydx~ foi~

nhgd~h ydx o~~iwh il Px~akhliupol* ydx sijj nh ouah` pd `d ud

nhgd~h sh rjoeh ydx sipf o fdup gokijy `x~ilc p~oililc, O`fh~ilc

pd pfhuh ~xjhu iu o phup dg ydx~ kdpiwopidl ol` edkkipkhlp pd

oòrpilc pd ydx~ lhs hlwi~dlkhlp, Ig ydx fowh ~huh~wopidlu ondxpo`fh~ilc pd pfhk* ydx ufdxj` edlui`h~ pfh jhwhj dg gjhvinijipy

~hqxi~h` pd nh o uxeehuugxj Wdjxlphh~ ol` ~h+hwojxoph ydx~

`heiuidl pd uh~wh il Px~akhliupol,

Ip iu ldp Rhoeh Ed~ru ilphlpidl pd nh xllhehuuo~ijy edlp~djjilc*

nxp ip iu lhehuuo~y pfop ydx xl`h~upol` pfop fds ydx nhfowh ol`

`~huu sijj ldp dljy ilgjxhleh pfh jdeoj rhdrjhu oppipx`h pdso~`

ydx* nxp ~hgjhep dl ndpf pfh Xliph` Upophu ol` pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru,

Ydx eol jduh ~hurhep il pfh sd~arjoeh ny oepilc d~ `~huuilc

ilorr~dr~iophjy il pfh Px~akhliupol exjpx~h, Nheoxuh

edkkxlieopidl il pfh jdeoj exjpx~h phlù pd nh ilì~hep* ip koy nh

xljiahjy pfop ydx sijj nh pdj` sfhl pfhy pfila ydx o~h oepilc d~

`~huuilc ilorr~dr~iophjy d~ dilc udkhpfilc s~dlc, ^hoepidlu

koy edkh il kd~h uxnpjh soyu* uxef ou joea dg edlui`h~opidl gd~

ydx~ i`hou* kiup~xup dg ydx~ r~dghuuidloj onijipihu* d~ hvejxìlcydx g~dk eh~poil oepiwipihu,

Ydx sijj ~hehiwh ol d~ihlpopidl pd orr~dr~ioph nhfowid~ ol`

exjpx~oj uhluipiwipy `x~ilc r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc, Ou o Wdjxlphh~*


31/83


52

ydx fowh pfh upopxu dg ol ilwiph` cxhup ol`* pfxu* kxup nh uhluipiwh

pd pfh fonipu* pouphu* ol` ponddu dg ydx~ fdupu, Ydx lhh` pd nh

oso~h pfop oly nhfowid~ pfop mhdro~ì}hu pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru kiuuidl

il Px~akhliupol d~ ydx~ rh~udloj uoghpy eolldp nh pdjh~oph` ol`

eol jho` pd o`kiliup~opiwh uhro~opidl* sfief iu o `heiuidl ny pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru pd ph~kiloph ydx~ uh~wieh, Pfh Wdjxlphh~ Fol`ndda

edlpoilu kd~h ilgd~kopidl ondxp pfh c~dxlù gd~ o`kiliup~opiwh

uhro~opidl,

Rh~udloj Uoghp yKd~h `hpoijh` ilgd~kopidl ondxp pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru orr~doef pd

uoghpy iu edlpoilh` il pfh Fhojpf Eo~h ol` Uoghpy eforph~* nxp ip

iu ol ikrd~polp iuuxh ol` eolldp nh dwh~hkrfoui}h`, Ou upoph` il

pfh Wdjxlphh~ Fol`ndda* nhedkilc o Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~

hlpoiju eh~poil uoghpy ~iuau, Jiwilc ol` p~owhjilc il ol xlgokijio~

hlwi~dlkhlp &dgphlpikhu ojdlh)* fowilc o jikiph` xl`h~upolìlc dg

jdeoj jolcxoch ol` exjpx~h* ol` nhilc rh~ehiwh` ou shjj+dgg o~h

udkh dg pfh goepd~u pfop eol rxp o Wdjxlphh~ op ~iua, Koly

Wdjxlphh~u hvrh~ihleh wo~yilc `hc~hhu dg xlsolph` opphlpidl ol`

fo~ouukhlp, Rhppy pfhgpu ol` nx~cjo~ihu o~h ldp xledkkdl* ol`

ilei`hlpu dg rfyuieoj ol` uhvxoj ouuoxjp `d deex~* ojpfdxcf kdup

Px~akhliupol Wdjxlphh~u edkrjhph pfhi~ psd yho~u dg uh~wieh

sipfdxp ilei`hlp, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru fou huponjiufh` r~deh`x~hu ol`

rdjieihu `huiclh` pd fhjr ydx ~h`xeh ydx~ ~iuau ol` hlfoleh ydx~

uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy, Pfhuh r~deh`x~hu ol` rdjieihu* il o`ìpidl pduoghpy p~oililc* sijj nh r~dwi`h` dleh ydx o~~iwh il Px~akhliupol,

Xuilc pfhuh pddju* ydx o~h hvrheph` pd poah ~hurdluinijipy gd~ ydx~

uoghpy ol` shjj+nhilc,

Hoef upogg khknh~ op pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru iu edkkipph` pd r~dwiìlc

Wdjxlphh~u sipf pfh uxrrd~p pfhy lhh` pd uxeehuugxjjy khhp pfh

efojjhlchu pfhy sijj goeh pd fowh o uogh* fhojpfy* ol` r~d`xepiwh

uh~wieh, Sh hledx~och Wdjxlphh~u ol` gokijihu pd jdda op dx~uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy ilgd~kopidl dl pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru shnuiph op

sss,rhoehed~ru,cdwuoghpy,
http://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safety


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5?

Ilgd~kopidl dl pfhuh rochu ciwhu khuuochu dl Wdjxlphh~ fhojpf

ol` Wdjxlphh~ uoghpy, Pfh~h iu o uhepidl pipjh` Uoghpy ol` Uhex~ipy

il @hrpf, Okdlc pdrieu o``~huuh` o~h pfh ~iuau dg uh~wilc ou o

Wdjxlphh~* rdupu uoghpy uxrrd~p uyuphku* ol` hkh~chley rjollilc

ol` edkkxlieopidlu,

^h so~ù ol` G~xup~ op idlu

Ojpfdxcf pfh rdphlpioj gd~ mdn uopiugoepidl il Px~akhliupol iu

qxiph ficf* jiah ojj Wdjxlphh~u* ydx sijj hledxlph~ lxkh~dxu

g~xup~opidlu, Nheoxuh dg giloleioj d~ dpfh~ efojjhlchu*edjjond~opilc ochleihu `d ldp ojsoyu r~dwi`h pfh uxrrd~p pfhy

r~dkiuh`, Il o`ìpidl* pfh roeh dg sd~a ol` jigh iu ujdsh~ pfol

sfop kdup Okh~ieolu o~h oeexupdkh` pd* ol` udkh rhdrjh ydx

sd~a sipf koy nh fhuipolp pd efolch r~oepiehu ol` p~oìpidlu pfop

o~h ehlpx~ihu dj`, Udkh dg pfh goepd~u pfop edxj` edlp~inxph pd

orro~hlp jds jhwhju dg kdpiwopidl dl pfh ro~p dg udkh Wdjxlphh~

edxlph~ro~pu ilwdjwh ìggiexjpihu sipf pfh cdwh~lkhlp* sfief phlù

pd wihs gd~hiclh~u sipf uxurieidl, Ip eol dgphl nh ìggiexjp pd chp

rh~kiuuidl gd~ hwhl uikrjh r~dmhepu ol` edxlph~ro~pu koy nh

fhuipolp pd nh uhhl ou edlp~inxpilc pdd hoch~jy pd r~dmhepu dg sfief

pfhi~ uxrh~wiud~u koy ìuorr~dwh, Gd~ pfhuh ~houdlu* pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru hvrh~ihleh dg oòrpilc pd o lhs exjpx~h ol` hlwi~dlkhlp iu

dgphl `hue~inh` ou o uh~ihu dg hkdpidloj rhoau ol` wojjhyu,

Ydx sijj nh ciwhl o ficf `hc~hh dg ~hurdluinijipy olìl`hrhl`hleh il ydx~ sd~arh~foru kd~h pfol il oly dpfh~ mdn

ydx fowh fo` d~ sijj fowh, Ydx sijj dgphl gil` ydx~uhjg il

uipxopidlu pfop ~hqxi~h ol onijipy pd kdpiwoph ydx~uhjg ol` ydx~

edxlph~ro~pu sipf jippjh cxiòleh g~dk uxrh~wiud~u, Ydx kicfp

sd~a gd~ kdlpfu sipfdxp uhhilc oly wiuinjh ikroep g~dk* d~

sipfdxp ~hehiwilc ghh`noea dl* ydx~ sd~a, @hwhjdrkhlp iu o ujds

r~dehuu, Rduipiwh r~dc~huu kdup dgphl edkhu dljy ogph~ pfh

edknilh` hggd~pu dg uhwh~oj Wdjxlphh~u dwh~ pfh edx~uh dg kolyyho~u, Ydx kxup rduuhuu pfh uhjg+edlgi`hleh* ropihleh* ol` wiuidl

pd edlpilxh sd~ailc pdso~` jdlc+ph~k cdoju sipfdxp uhhilc

ikkhìoph ~huxjpu,


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34/83


55

RHOEH ED^RU PÔILILC

Dwh~wih s dg R~h +Uh ~wieh P~oililc

Pfh r~iko~y cdoj dg r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc iu pd r~hro~h ydx gd~ pfh

gi~up pf~hh pd uiv kdlpfu dg Wdjxlphh~ uh~wieh, Ny pfh hl` dg

p~oililc* ydx sijj ldp nh gjxhlp il Px~akhl* d~ xl`h~upol`

hwh~ypfilc ydx solp pd alds ondxp ydx~ r~iko~y ouuiclkhlp* nxp

ydx sijj fowh hldxcf aldsjh`ch ol` uaijju pd chp upo~ph`, R~h+

uh~wieh p~oililc iu `huiclh` pd fhjr ydx khhp efojjhlchu ou pfhy

o~iuh ol` oòrp pd xlolpieiroph` deex~~hlehu, @x~ilc p~oililc* ydx

sijj ojud ~hehiwh ikrd~polp ilgd~kopidl ~hco~ìlc o`kiliup~opiwh

ourhepu dg Wdjxlphh~ uh~wieh* uxef ou giloleioj kopph~u ol` Rhoeh

Ed~ru rdjieihu,

Edkkxlipy+nouh` p~oililc goeijipophu ydx~ ilphc~opidl ilpd ydx~

edkkxlipy ol` sd~a ny fhjrilc ydx jho~l exjpx~oj oòrpopidl

uaijju* nhcil pd `hwhjdr cdd` sd~ailc ~hjopidlufiru sipf fdupedxlp~y edjjhocxhu* ol` coil pfh uaijju lhh`h` pd eo~~y dxp ydx~

r~dmhepu ol` oepiwipihu il`hrhl`hlpjy, Ydx sijj nh ciwhl koly

drrd~pxlipihu pd `hkdlup~oph ydx~ uaijju `x~ilc p~oililc ud ydx eol

uhh ol` hwojxoph ydx~ r~dc~huu, Ou o p~oilhh* ydx o~h ~hqxi~h` pd

opphl` ojj p~oililc uhuuidlu1 drpidloj hwhlpu* uxef ou eh~poil

dxpilcu* ro~pihu* ol` urheiojjy eojjh` khhpilcu* sijj nh ejho~jy

upoph` ou uxef,

Ydx~ ilrxp ol` ydx~ edkkipkhlp pd ro~pieroph ol` upx`y o~h

e~ipieoj, Hvrh~ihlpioj ol` uhjg+ì~heph` jho~lilc* ou shjj ou dpfh~

r~ileirjhu dg o`xjp jho~lilc* o~h pfh ahy hjhkhlpu dg r~h+uh~wieh

p~oililc, Ydx* ydx~ ghjjds p~oilhhu* ol` p~oilh~u sijj fowh ilrxp

ilpd pfh shhajy p~oililc ochlò nouh` dl ydx~ ilìwi`xoj ol`

c~dxr p~oililc lhhù, Ydx sijj nh hledx~och` pd goeijipoph ol` jho`

uhuuidlu* sijj sd~a ui`h ny ui`h sipf ex~~hlp Wdjxlphh~u ol` fdupedxlp~y edxlph~ro~pu pd jho~l g~dk pfhi~ aldsjh`ch ol`

hvrh~ihlehu* ol` sijj hlcoch il uhjg+upx`y ol` dlh+dl+dlh

pxpd~ioju, Ydx sijj ojud cd dl gihj` wiuipu ol` khhp sipf

~hr~huhlpopiwhu dg pfh kiliup~ihu* fhojpf goeijipihu* uefddju* ol`

`dld~ d~coli}opidlu orr~dr~ioph pd ydx~ ouuiclkhlp, Ki`soy


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50

pf~dxcf p~oililc* ydx sijj khhp pfh rh~udl ydx sijj sd~a sipf op

ydx~ ouuiclh` uiph ol` wiuip pfh uiph sipf pfiu edxlph~ro~p,

Ph eflieoj P~oililc

Pheflieoj p~oililc sijj r~hro~h ydx pd sd~a il Px~akhliupol ny

nxijìlc dl pfh uaijju ydx oj~ho`y fowh ol` fhjrilc ydx `hwhjdr

lhs uaijju il o kollh~ orr~dr~ioph pd pfh lhhù dg pfh edxlp~y, Pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru upogg* Px~akhliupolhvrh~pu* ol` ex~~hlp Wdjxlphh~u

sijj edl`xep pfh p~oililc r~dc~ok, P~oililc rjoehu c~hop hkrfouiudl jho~lilc fds pd p~olugh~ pfh uaijju ydx fowh pd pfh edkkxlipy

il sfief ydx sijj uh~wh ou o Wdjxlphh~,

Pheflieoj p~oililc sijj ilejx`h uhuuidlu dl pfh chlh~oj hedldkie

ol` rdjipieoj hlwi~dlkhlp il Px~akhliupolol` up~ophcihu gd~

sd~ailc sipfil uxef o g~okhsd~a, Ydx sijj ~hwihs ydx~ pheflieoj

uhepd~u cdoju ol` sijj khhp sipf pfh Px~akhliupolochleihu ol`

d~coli}opidlu pfop ilwiph` pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru pd ouuiup pfhk, Ydx sijj

nh uxrrd~ph` ol` hwojxoph` pf~dxcfdxp pfh p~oililc pd nxij` pfh

edlgi`hleh ol` uaijju ydx lhh` pd xl`h~poah ydx~ r~dmhep oepiwipihu

ol` nh o r~d`xepiwh khknh~ dg ydx~ edkkxlipy,

Jolcxoch P~o ililc

Ou o Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~* ydx sijj gil` pfop jolcxoch uaijju o~h

ahy pd rh~udloj ol` r~dghuuidloj uopiugoepidl `x~ilc ydx~ uh~wieh,Pfhuh uaijju o~h e~ipieoj pd ydx~ mdn rh~gd~koleh* pfhy fhjr ydx

ilphc~oph ilpd ydx~ edkkxlipy* ol` pfhy eol houh ydx~ rh~udloj

oòrpopidl pd pfh lhs ux~~dxlìlcu, Pfh~hgd~h* jolcxoch p~oililc

iu op pfh fho~p dg pfh p~oililc r~dc~ok, Ydx kxup uxeehuugxjjy khhp

kilikxk jolcxoch ~hqxi~hkhlpu pd edkrjhph p~oililc ol` nhedkh

o Wdjxlphh~, Px~akhliupol jolcxoch ilup~xepd~u phoef gd~koj

jolcxoch ejouuhu giwh òyu o shha il ukojj c~dxru dg gdx~ pd giwh

rhdrjh,

Ydx~ jolcxoch p~oililc sijj iled~rd~oph o edkkxlipy+nouh`

orr~doef, Il o`ìpidl pd ejouu~ddk pikh* ydx sijj nh ciwhl

ouuiclkhlpu pd sd~a dl dxpui`h dg pfh ejouu~ddk ol` sipf ydx~


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fdup gokijy, Pfh cdoj iu pd chp ydx pd o rdilp dg nouie udeioj

edkkxlieopidl uaijju ud ydx eol r~oepieh ol` `hwhjdr jolcxoch

uaijju gx~pfh~ dleh ydx o~h op ydx~ uiph, R~id~ pd nhilc usd~l il ou o

Wdjxlphh~* ydx sijj sd~a dl up~ophcihu pd edlpilxh jolcxoch

upxìhu `x~ilc ydx~ uh~wieh,

Ojj p~oilhhu sijj jho~l Px~akhl `x~ilc r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc ou ip iu

pfh `dkilolp jolcxoch il pfh edxlp~y, Udkh p~oilhhu koy gil` pfop

jho~lilc o jippjh X}nha d~ ^xuuiol sijj fhjr pfhk nh kd~h

uxeehuugxj op pfhi~ rh~kolhlp uiphu, Rhoeh Ed~ru sijj ouuiup ydx igpfh~h iu o lhh` gd~ ydx pd jho~l o uhedl` jolcxoch `x~ilc ydx~

uh~wieh,

E~duu+Exjpx~o j P~oililc

Ou ro~p dg ydx~ r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc* ydx sijj jiwh sipf o

Px~akhliupol fdup gokijy, Pfiu hvrh~ihleh iu `huiclh` pd houh

ydx~ p~oluipidl pd jigh op ydx~ uiph, Gokijihu cd pf~dxcf ol

d~ihlpopidl edl`xeph` ny Rhoeh Ed~ru upogg pd hvrjoil pfh rx~rduh

dg r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc ol` pd ouuiup pfhk il fhjrilc ydx oòrp pd

jiwilc il Px~akhliupol, Koly Wdjxlphh~u gd~k up~dlc ol` joupilc

g~ihlùfiru sipf pfhi~ fdup gokijihu,

E~duu+exjpx~oj ol` edkkxlipy `hwhjdrkhlp p~oililc sijj fhjr ydx

ikr~dwh ydx~ edkkxlieopidl uaijju ol` xl`h~upol` ydx~ ~djh ou o

goeijipopd~ dg `hwhjdrkhlp, Ydx sijj nh hvrduh` pd pdrieu uxef ouedkkxlipy kdniji}opidl* edlgjiep ~hudjxpidl* chl`h~ ol`

`hwhjdrkhlp* ldlgd~koj ol` o`xjp h`xeopidl up~ophcihu* ol`

rdjipieoj up~xepx~hu,

Fh ojpf P~oililc

@x~ilc r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc* ydx sijj nh ciwhl nouie khìeoj

p~oililc ol` ilgd~kopidl, Ydx sijj nh hvrheph` pd r~oepieh

r~hwhlpiwh fhojpf eo~h ol` pd poah ~hurdluinijipy gd~ ydx~ dslfhojpf ny o`fh~ilc pd ojj khìeoj rdjieihu, P~oilhhu o~h ~hqxi~h` pd

opphl` ojj khìeoj uhuuidlu, Pfh pdrieu ilejx`h r~hwhlpiwh fhojpf

khoux~hu ol` kild~ ol` komd~ khìeoj iuuxhu pfop ydx kicfp

hledxlph~ sfijh il Px~akhliupol, Lxp~ipidl* khlpoj fhojpf* uhppilc


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xr o uogh jiwilc edkrdxl`* ol` fds pd owdi` FIWOI@U ol` dpfh~

uhvxojjy p~olukipph` ìuhouhu &UP@u) o~h ojud edwh~h`,

Uoghpy P~oililc

@x~ilc pfh uoghpy p~oililc uhuuidlu* ydx sijj jho~l fds pd o`drp o

jighupyjh pfop ~h`xehu ydx~ ~iuau op fdkh* op sd~a* ol` `x~ilc ydx~

p~owhju, Ydx sijj ojud jho~l orr~dr~ioph* hgghepiwh up~ophcihu gd~

edrilc sipf xlsolph` opphlpidl ol` ondxp ydx~ ilìwi`xoj

~hurdluinijipy gd~ r~dkdpilc uoghpy pf~dxcfdxp ydx~ uh~wieh,

O`ìp idloj P~o ililcu @x~ilc Wdjxlp h h ~ Uh ~wieh

Il ipu edkkipkhlp pd ilupipxpidloji}h qxojipy p~oililc* pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru fou ikrjhkhlph` o p~oililc uyuphk pfop r~dwi`hu Wdjxlphh~u

sipf edlpilxoj drrd~pxlipihu pd hvokilh pfhi~ edkkipkhlp pd

Rhoeh Ed~ru uh~wieh sfijh ile~houilc pfhi~ pheflieoj ol` e~duu+

exjpx~oj uaijju, @x~ilc uh~wieh* pfh~h o~h xuxojjy pf~hh p~oililc

hwhlpu, Pfh pipjhu ol` dnmhepiwhu gd~ pfduh p~oililcu o~h ou gdjjdsu=

Il+uh~wieh p~oililc= R~dwi`hu ol drrd~pxlipy gd~ Wdjxlphh~u pdxrc~o`h pfhi~ pheflieoj* jolcxoch* ol` r~dmhep hwhjdrkhlp

uaijju sfijh ufo~ilc pfhi~ hvrh~ihlehu ol` ~hoggi~kilc pfhi~

edkkipkhlp ogph~ fowilc uh~wh` gd~ pf~hh pd uiv kdlpfu,

Ki`ph~k edlgh~hleh&`dlh il edlmxlepidl sipf pheflieojuhepd~ il+uh~wieh)=Ouuiupu Wdjxlphh~u il ~hwihsilc pfhi~ gi~up

yho~* ~houuhuuilc pfhi~ rh~udloj ol` r~dmhep dnmhepiwhu* ol`

rjollilc gd~ pfhi~ uhedl` yho~ dg uh~wieh,

Ejduh+dg+uh~wieh edlgh~hleh= R~hro~hu Wdjxlphh~u gd~ pfhgxpx~h ogph~ Rhoeh Ed~ru uh~wieh ol` ~hwihsu pfhi~ ~hurhepiwh

r~dmhepu ol` rh~udloj hvrh~ihlehu,

Pfh lxknh~* jhlcpf* ol` `huicl dg pfhuh p~oililcu o~h oòrph` pd

edxlp~y+urheigie lhhù ol` edlìpidlu, Pfh ahy pd pfh p~oililc

uyuphk iu pfop p~oililc hwhlpu o~h ilphc~oph` ol` ilph~~hjoph`* g~dk

pfh r~h+`hro~px~h d~ihlpopidl pf~dxcf pfh hl` dg ydx~ uh~wieh* ol`


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o~h rjollh`* ikrjhkhlph`* ol` hwojxoph` eddrh~opiwhjy ny pfh

p~oililc upogg* Rhoeh Ed~ru upogg* ol` Wdjxlphh~u,


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YDX FHOJPF EO^H OL@

UOGHPY IL PXÂKHLIUPOL

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru ficfhup r~id~ipy iu koilpoililc pfh cdd` fhojpf

ol` uoghpy dg hwh~y Wdjxlphh~, Rhoeh Ed~ru khìeoj r~dc~oku

hkrfoui}h pfh r~hwhlpiwh* ~opfh~ pfol pfh ex~opiwh* orr~doef pd

ìuhouh, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru il Px~akhliupol koilpoilu o ejilie sipf

o gxjj+pikh khìeoj dggieh~* sfd poahu eo~h dg Wdjxlphh~u r~iko~y

fhojpf eo~h lhhù, O`ìpidloj khìeoj uh~wiehu* uxef ou phupilc ol`nouie p~hopkhlp* o~h ojud owoijonjh il Px~akhliupolop jdeoj

fduripoju, Ig ydx nhedkh uh~idxujy ijj* ydx sijj nh p~olurd~ph`

hipfh~ pd ol Okh~ieol+upolò~` khìeoj goeijipy il pfh ~hcidl d~ pd

pfh Xliph` Upophu,

Fh ojpf Iuuxh u il Px~akh liupol

Komd~ fhojpf r~dnjhku okdlc Wdjxlphh~u il Px~akhliupol o~h

~o~h ol` o~h dgphl pfh ~huxjp dg o Wdjxlphh~u ldp poailc r~hwhlpiwhkhoux~hu pd upoy fhojpfy, Pfh kdup edkkdl fhojpf r~dnjhku

hledxlph~h` ny Wdjxlphh~u ilejx`h edjù* ìo~~fho* uilxu

ilghepidlu* fhoòefhu* `hlpoj r~dnjhku* kild~ ilmx~ihu* UP@u*

o`mxupkhlp ìud~`h~u* ol` ojedfdj onxuh, Pfhuh r~dnjhku koy

deex~ kd~h g~hqxhlpjy d~ nh edkrdxl`h` ny jigh il Px~akhliupol

nheoxuh hlwi~dlkhlpoj goepd~u il pfh edxlp~y ~oiuh pfh ~iua dg d~

hvoeh~noph pfh uhwh~ipy dg eh~poil ijjlhuuhu ol` ilmx~ihu,

Pfh kdup edkkdl komd~ ilghepidxu ìuhouh edleh~lu il pfh

edxlp~y o~h pxnh~exjduiu* `yuhlph~y* fhropipiu* ol` cio~ìo, Ydx

sijj nh woeeiloph` ocoilup fhropipiu O ol` N1 khlilcipiu1

phpolxuìrfpfh~io1 pyrfdi` ol` ~onihu, Uail phupu &RR@) gd~

pxnh~exjduiu sijj ojud nh ciwhl,

Fhjrilc Ydx Upoy Fhojpfy

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru sijj r~dwi`h ydx sipf ojj pfh lhehuuo~y

ildexjopidlu* khìeopidlu* ol` ilgd~kopidl pd upoy fhojpfy, Xrdl

ydx~ o~~iwoj il Px~akhliupol* ydx sijj ~hehiwh o khìeoj


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fol`ndda, Op pfh hl` dg p~oililc* ydx sijj ~hehiwh o khìeoj aip

sipf uxrrjihu pd poah eo~h dg kij` ijjlhuuhu ol` gi~up oi` lhhù, Pfh

edlphlpu dg pfh aip o~h jiuph` joph~ il pfiu eforph~,

@x~ilc r~h+uh~wieh p~oililc* ydx sijj fowh oeehuu pd nouie khìeoj

uxrrjihu pf~dxcf pfh khìeoj dggieh~, Fdshwh~* ydx sijj nh

~hurdluinjh gd~ ydx~ dsl uxrrjy dg r~hue~irpidl `~xcu ol` oly

dpfh~ urheigie khìeoj uxrrjihu ydx ~hqxi~h* ou pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru

sijj ldp d~`h~ pfhuh iphku `x~ilc p~oililc, Rjhouh n~ilc o pf~hh+

kdlpf uxrrjy dg oly r~hue~irpidl `~xcu ydx xuh* uileh pfhy koyldp nh owoijonjh fh~h ol` ip koy poah uhwh~oj kdlpfu gd~ ufirkhlpu

pd o~~iwh,

Ydx sijj fowh rfyuieoju op kiùh~wieh ol` op pfh hl` dg ydx~

uh~wieh, Ig ydx `hwhjdr o uh~idxu khìeoj r~dnjhk `x~ilc ydx~

uh~wieh* pfh khìeoj dggieh~ il Px~akhliupol sijj edluxjp sipf pfh

Dggieh dg Khìeoj Uh~wiehu il Soufilcpdl* @,E, Ig ip iu `hph~kilh`

pfop ydx~ edlìpidl eolldp nh p~hoph` il Px~akhliupol* ydx koy nhuhlp dxp dg pfh edxlp~y gd~ gx~pfh~ hwojxopidl ol` eo~h,

Koilp oililc Ydx~ Fh ojp f

Ou o Wdjxlphh~* ydx kxup oeehrp edlui`h~onjh ~hurdluinijipy gd~

ydx~ dsl fhojpf, R~drh~ r~heoxpidlu sijj uicligieolpjy ~h`xeh ydx~

~iua dg uh~idxu ijjlhuu d~ ilmx~y, Pfh oòch Ol dxleh dg

r~hwhlpidl nhedkhu hvp~hkhjy ikrd~polp il o~hou sfh~hìocldupie ol` p~hopkhlp goeijipihu o~h ldp xr pd pfh upolò~ù dg

pfh Xliph` Upophu, Pfh kdup ikrd~polp dg ydx~ ~hurdluinijipihu il

Px~akhliupol iu pd poah pfh gdjjdsilc r~hwhlpiwh khoux~hu

`hue~inh` nhjds,

Pxnh~exjduiu iu r~huhlp il pfh edxlp~y* ud ip iu ikrd~polp pd upoy

osoy g~dk rhdrjh sfd o~h edlupolpjy edxcfilc ol` fowh uiclu dg

pxnh~exjduiu ilghepidl ol` pd ~hcxjo~jy whlpijoph ydx~ ~ddk ol`ydx~ dggieh, Ydx sijj nh ciwhl pfh RR@ uail phup op kiùh~wieh ol`

op pfh hl` dg ydx~ uh~wieh ol` oly pikh ip iu ilìeoph`,


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ônihu iu r~hwojhlp pf~dxcfdxp pfh edxlp~y* ud ydx sijj ~hehiwh o

uh~ihu dg ikkxli}opidlu sfhl ydx o~~iwh il Px~akhliupol, Nh

so~y dg ojj xlaldsl olikoju* ol` ig ydx o~h hvrduh` pd ol olikoj

pfop iu aldsl pd fowh d~ uxurheph` dg fowilc ~onihu* ilgd~k pfh

khìeoj dggieh~ op dleh ud ydx eol ~hehiwh rdup+hvrdux~h ndduph~

ufdpu, Koly ijjlhuuhu pfop oggjiep Wdjxlphh~u sd~j`si`h o~h

hlpi~hjy r~hwhlponjh ig r~drh~ gdd` ol` soph~ r~heoxpidlu o~h

poahl, Pfhuh ijjlhuuhu ilejx`h gdd` rdiudlilc* ro~ouipie ilghepidlu*

fhropipiu O* `yuhlph~y* Cxilho sd~ku* porhsd~ku* ol` pyrfdi`

ghwh~, Ydx~ khìeoj dggieh~ sijj ìuexuu urheigie upolò~ù gd~soph~ ol` gdd` r~hro~opidl il Px~akhliupol `x~ilc r~h+uh~wieh

p~oililc,

Onupilhleh iu pfh dljy eh~poil efdieh gd~ r~hwhlpilc ilghepidl sipf

FIW ol` dpfh~ uhvxojjy p~olukipph` ìuhouhu, Ydx o~h poailc ~iuau

ig ydx efdduh pd nh uhvxojjy oepiwh, Pd jhuuhl ~iua* xuh o edl`dk

hwh~y pikh ydx fowh uhv, Sfhpfh~ ydx~ ro~plh~ iu o fdup edxlp~y

eipi}hl* o ghjjds Wdjxlphh~* d~ olydlh hjuh* `d ldp ouuxkh pfiurh~udl iu g~hh dg FIWOI@U d~ dpfh~ UP@u, Ydx sijj ~hehiwh kd~h

ilgd~kopidl g~dk pfh khìeoj dggieh~ ondxp pfiu ikrd~polp iuuxh,

Wdjxlphh~u o~h hvrheph` pd o`fh~h pd ol hgghepiwh kholu dg ni~pf

edlp~dj pd r~hwhlp ol xlrjollh` r~hcloley, Ydx~ khìeoj dggieh~

eol fhjr ydx `hei`h dl pfh kdup orr~dr~ioph khpfd` pd uxip ydx~

ilìwi`xoj lhhù, Edlp~oehrpiwh khpfdù o~h owoijonjh sipfdxp

efo~ch g~dk pfh khìeoj dggieh~,

Ip iu e~ipieoj pd ydx~ fhojpf pfop ydx r~dkrpjy ~hrd~p pd pfh khìeoj

dggieh d~ dpfh~ `huicloph` goeijipy gd~ uefh`xjh` ikkxli}opidluol`

pfop ydx jhp pfh khìeoj dggieh~ alds ikkhìophjy dg uicligieolp

ijjlhuuhu ol` ilmx~ihu,

Sdkh lu Fh ojpf Ilgd~kop idlR~hcloley iu p~hoph` il pfh uokh kollh~ ou dpfh~ Wdjxlphh~ fhojpf

edlìpidlu pfop ~hqxi~h khìeoj opphlpidl nxp ojud fowh

r~dc~okkopie ~okigieopidlu, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru iu ~hurdluinjh gd~

`hph~kililc pfh khìeoj ~iua ol` pfh owoijonijipy dg orr~dr~ioph


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0?

khìeoj eo~h ig pfh Wdjxlphh~ ~hkoilu il+edxlp~y, Ciwhl pfh

ei~exkupolehu xl`h~ sfief Wdjxlphh~u jiwh ol` sd~a il Rhoeh

Ed~ru edxlp~ihu* ip iu ~o~h pfop pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru khìeoj ol`

r~dc~okkopie upolò~ù gd~ edlpilxh` uh~wieh x~ilc r~hcloley

eol nh khp,

Ig ghkililh fycihlh r~d`xepu o~h ldp owoijonjh gd~ ydx pd rx~efouh

dl pfh jdeoj ko~ahp* pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru khìeoj dggieh~ il

Px~akhliupol sijj r~dwi`h pfhk, Ig ydx ~hqxi~h o urheigie r~d`xep*

rjhouh n~ilc o pf~hh+kdlpf uxrrjy sipf ydx,

Ldph pfop r~hcloley iu ojud o khlu fhojpf iuuxh, Kojh Wdjxlphh~u

sfd gopfh~ efij`~hl fowh urheigie ~xjhu ol` cxi`hjilhu pd sfief

pfhy kxup o`fh~h, Kojh Wdjxlphh~u sfd gopfh~ efij`~hl kxup

ìuexuu pfh iuuxh sipf pfh edxlp~y ì~hepd~ pd `hph~kilh pfh

orr~dr~ioph edx~uh dg oepidl ~hco~ìlc edlpilxilc pfhi~ uh~wieh,

Kd~h ilgd~kopidl ondxp pfiu iu edlpoilh` il pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru

Kolxoj,

Ydx~ Rh oeh Ed~ru Kh ìeo j Aip

Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru khìeoj dggieh~ sijj r~dwi`h ydx sipf o aip pfop

edlpoilu nouie iphku lhehuuo~y pd r~hwhlp ol` p~hop ijjlhuuhu pfop

koy deex~ `x~ilc uh~wieh, Aip iphku eol nh rh~idìeojjy ~hupdeah`

op pfh khìeoj dggieh,

Kh ìeoj Aip Edlph lp u

Oehpokildrfhl 022 kc &Pyjhldj)

Gi~up Oi` ' Uoghpy Fol`ndda

Inxr~dghl 022 kc &O`wij)

Oqxoponu &soph~ rx~igieopidl ponjhpu)

Kxjpiwipokilu

Hjhep~djyph ponjhpu &~hrjoehkhlp gd~ ~hfy`~opidl)

D~oj pfh~kdkhph~ &Gof~hlfhip)

Rhrpd+Niukdj ponjhpu

Oeh nolòchu


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O`fhuiwh porh

Okh~ieol ^h` E~duu Gi~up Oi` ' Uoghpy Fol`nddaOlpoei` ponjhpu &Pxku)

Olpinidpie dilpkhlp &Noeip~oeilLhdkyeilRdjykyeil N)

Olpiuhrpie olpikie~dnioj uail ejholh~ &Finiejhlu)

Nol`+Oiù

Nxpph~gjy ejdux~hu

Eojokilh jdpidl

Ehroedj jd}hlchu

Edl`dku

@hlpoj gjduu

@irfhlfy`~okilh FEJ >8 kc &Nhlo`~yj)

Iluhep ~hrhjjhlp upiea &Expph~u)

Idìlh ponjhpu &gd~ soph~ rx~igieopidl)

Jir nojk &Eforupiea)

D~oj ~hfy`~opidl uojpu

D~oj pfh~kdkhph~ &Gof~hlfhip)

Ruhx`dhrfh`~ilh FEJ 52 kc &Uxògh`)

^dnipxuuil+@K jd}hlchu &gd~ edxcf)

Ueiuud~u

Uph~ijh cox}h roù

Php~ofy`~d}ojilh hyh`~dru &Wiuilh)

Piloepil &olpigxlcoj e~hok)

Pshh}h~u

Nh gd~h Ydx Jh owh = O Kh ìeo j Efh eajiup

Ig pfh~h fou nhhl oly efolch il ydx~ fhojpfrfyuieoj* khlpoj* d~

`hlpojuileh ydx uxnkipph` ydx~ hvokilopidl ~hrd~pu pd pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru* ydx kxup ikkhìophjy ldpigy pfh Dggieh dg Khìeoj

Uh~wiehu, Goijx~h pd ìuejduh lhs ijjlhuuhu* ilmx~ihu* ojjh~cihu* d~

r~hcloley eol hlòlch~ ydx~ fhojpf ol` koy mhdro~ì}h ydx~

hjicinijipy pd uh~wh,


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Ig ydx~ `hlpoj hvok sou `dlh kd~h pfol o yho~ ocd* d~ ig ydx~

rfyuieoj hvok iu kd~h pfol psd yho~u dj`* edlpoep pfh Dggieh dg

Khìeoj Uh~wiehu pd gil` dxp sfhpfh~ ydx lhh` pd xròph ydx~

~hed~ù, Ig ydx~ `hlpiup d~ Rhoeh Ed~ru `hlpoj edluxjpolp fou

~hedkkhl`h` pfop ydx xl`h~cd `hlpoj p~hopkhlp d~ ~hroi~* ydx

kxup edkrjhph pfop sd~a ol` koah ux~h ydx~ `hlpiup uhlù

~hqxhuph` edlgi~kopidl ~hrd~pu d~ V+~oyu pd pfh Dggieh dg Khìeoj

Uh~wiehu,

Ig ydx siuf pd owdi` fowilc `xrjieoph woeeilopidlu* edlpoep ydx~rfyuieiolu dggieh pd dnpoil o edry dg ydx~ ikkxli}opidl ~hed~`

ol` n~ilc ip pd ydx~ r~h+`hro~px~h d~ihlpopidl, Ig ydx fowh oly

ikkxli}opidlu r~id~ pd Rhoeh Ed~ru uh~wieh* pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru

eolldp ~hiknx~uh ydx gd~ pfh edup, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru sijj r~dwi`h

ojj pfh ikkxli}opidlu lhehuuo~y gd~ ydx~ dwh~uhou ouuiclkhlp*

hipfh~ op ydx~ r~h+`hro~px~h d~ihlpopidl d~ ufd~pjy ogph~ ydx o~~iwh

il Px~akhliupol, Ydx `d ldp lhh` pd nhcil poailc kojo~io

khìeopidl r~id~ pd `hro~px~h,

N~ilc o pf~hh+kdlpf uxrrjy dg oly r~hue~irpidl d~ dwh~+pfh+

edxlph~ khìeopidl ydx xuh dl o ~hcxjo~ nouiu* ilejxìlc ni~pf

edlp~dj rijju, Ojpfdxcf pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru eolldp ~hiknx~uh ydx gd~

pfiu pf~hh+kdlpf uxrrjy* ip sijj d~`h~ ~hgijju `x~ilc ydx~ uh~wieh,

Sfijh osoipilc ufirkhlpsfief eol poah uhwh~oj kdlpfuydx

sijj nh `hrhl`hlp dl ydx~ dsl khìeopidl uxrrjy, Pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru sijj ldp roy gd~ fh~noj d~ ldlr~hue~inh` khìeopidlu* uxef

ou Up, Mdflu sd~p* cjxeduokilh* uhjhlixk* d~ olpidviòlp

uxrrjhkhlpu,

Ydx o~h hledx~och` pd n~ilc edrihu dg khìeoj r~hue~irpidlu

uiclh` ny ydx~ rfyuieiol, Pfiu iu ldp o ~hqxi~hkhlp* nxp pfhy

kicfp edkh il fol`y ig ydx o~h qxhupidlh` il p~oluip ondxp

eo~~yilc o pf~hh+kdlpf uxrrjy dg r~hue~irpidl `~xcu,

Ig ydx sho~ hyhcjouuhu* n~ilc psd roi~u sipf ydxo roi~ ol` o

uro~h, Ig o roi~ n~hoau* pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru sijj ~hrjoeh pfhk* xuilc

pfh ilgd~kopidl ydx~ `depd~ il pfh Xliph` Upophu r~dwi`h` dl pfh


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hyhcjouuhu gd~k `x~ilc ydx~ hvokilopidl, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru

ìuedx~ochu ydx g~dk xuilc edlpoep jhluhu `x~ilc ydx~ uh~wieh pd

~h`xeh ydx~ ~iua dg `hwhjdrilc o uh~idxu ilghepidl d~ dpfh~ hyh

ìuhouh, Kdup Rhoeh Ed~ru edxlp~ihu `d ldp fowh orr~dr~ioph

soph~ ol` uolipopidl pd uxrrd~p hyh eo~h sipf pfh xuh dg edlpoep

jhluhu, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru sijj ldp uxrrjy d~ ~hrjoeh edlpoep jhluhu

d~ ouudeioph` udjxpidlu xljhuu ol drfpfojkdjdciup fou

~hedkkhl`h` pfhi~ xuh gd~ o urheigie khìeoj edlìpidl ol` pfh

Rhoeh Ed~ru Dggieh dg Khìeoj Uh~wiehu fou ciwhl orr~dwoj,

Ig ydx o~h hjicinjh gd~ Khìeo~h* o~h dwh~ 82 yho~u dg och* d~ fowh

o fhojpf edlìpidl pfop koy ~hup~iep ydx~ gxpx~h ro~pieiropidl il

fhojpf eo~h rjolu* ydx koy siuf pd edluxjp ol ilux~oleh urheiojiup

ondxp xliqxh edwh~och lhhù nhgd~h ydx~ `hro~px~h, Pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru sijj r~dwi`h ojj lhehuuo~y fhojpf eo~h g~dk pfh pikh ydx

jhowh gd~ ydx~ r~h+`hro~px~h d~ihlpopidl xlpij ydx edkrjhph ydx~

uh~wieh, Sfhl ydx giliuf* ydx sijj nh hlpipjh` pd pfh rdup+uh~wieh

fhojpf eo~h nhlhgipu `hue~inh` il pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru Wdjxlphh~Fol`ndda, Ydx koy siuf pd edlui`h~ ahhrilc ol hviupilc fhojpf

rjol il hgghep `x~ilc ydx~ uh~wieh ig ydx pfila och d~ r~h+hviupilc

edlìpidlu kicfp r~hwhlp ydx g~dk ~h+hl~djjilc il ydx~ ex~~hlp

rjol sfhl ydx ~hpx~l fdkh,


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08

Uogh py ol` Uh ex~ ipyDx~ Ro~ plh ~uf ir

Uh~wilc ou o Wdjxlphh~ dwh~uhou hlpoiju eh~poil uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy~iuau, Jiwilc ol` p~owhjilc il ol xlgokijio~ hlwi~dlkhlp* o jikiph`

xl`h~upolìlc dg pfh jdeoj jolcxoch ol` exjpx~h* ol` pfh

rh~ehrpidl dg nhilc o shojpfy Okh~ieol o~h udkh dg pfh goepd~u

pfop eol rxp o Wdjxlphh~ op ~iua, R~drh~py pfhgp ol` nx~cjo~ihu o~h

ldp xledkkdl, Ilei`hlpu dg rfyuieoj ol` uhvxoj ouuoxjp `d deex~*

ojpfdxcf ojkdup ojj Wdjxlphh~u edkrjhph pfhi~ psd yho~u dg uh~wieh

sipfdxp uh~idxu rh~udloj uoghpy r~dnjhku,

Nhydl` aldsilc pfop Rhoeh Ed~ru orr~doefhu uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy

ou o ro~plh~ufir sipf ydx* ip kicfp nh fhjrgxj pd uhh fds pfiu

ro~plh~ufir sd~au, Rhoeh Ed~ru fou rdjieihu* r~deh`x~hu* ol`

p~oililc il rjoeh pd r~dkdph ydx~ uoghpy, Sh `hrhl` dl ydx pd

gdjjds pfduh rdjieihu ol` pd rxp ilpd r~oepieh sfop ydx fowh

jho~lh`, Ol hvokrjh dg fds pfiu sd~au il r~oepiehil pfiu eouh pd

fhjr koloch pfh ~iua dg nx~cjo~yiu=

Rhoeh Ed~ru ouuhuuhu pfh uhex~ipy hlwi~dlkhlp sfh~hydx sijj jiwh ol` sd~a

Rhoeh Ed~ru ilurhepu pfh fdxuh sfh~h ydx sijj jiwhoeed~ìlc pd huponjiufh` uhex~ipy e~iph~io

Rhoeh Ed~r r~dwi`hu ydx sipf ~hudx~ehu pd poahkhoux~hu uxef ou ilupojjilc lhs jdeau

Rhoeh Ed~ru hlux~hu ydx o~h shjedkh` ny fdup edxlp~yoxpfd~ipihu il ydx~ lhs edkkxlipy Rhoeh Ed~ru ~hurdlù pd uhex~ipy edleh~lu pfop ydx

~oiuh

Ydx jdea ydx~ `dd~u ol` sil`dsu Ydx o`drp o jighupyjh orr~dr~ioph pd pfh edkkxlipy

sfh~h ydx jiwh

Ydx chp pd alds lhicfnd~u Ydx `hei`h ig rx~efouilc rh~udloj o~piejhu ilux~oleh iuorr~dr~ioph gd~ ydx

Ydx `dlp efolch ~hui`hlehu nhgd~h nhilc oxpfd~i}h`ny Rhoeh Ed~ru


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07

Ydx edkkxlieoph edleh~lu pfop ydx fowh pd RhoehEd~ru upogg

Pfiu Shjedkh Nddaedlpoilu uhepidlu dl= Jiwilc Edl`ipidlu ol`

Wdjxlphh~ Jighupyjh1 Rhoeh Ed~ru P~oililc1 ol` Ydx~ Fhojpf Eo~h

ol` Uoghpy pfop ojj ilejx`h ikrd~polp uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy

ilgd~kopidl pd fhjr ydx xl`h~upol` pfiu ro~plh~ufir, Pfh Rhoeh

Ed~ru koahu hwh~y hggd~p pd ciwh Wdjxlphh~u pfh pddju pfhy lhh` pd

gxlepidl il pfh uoghup soy rduuinjh* nheoxuh sd~ailc pd koviki}hpfh uoghpy ol` uhex~ipy dg Wdjxlphh~u iu dx~ ficfhup r~id~ipy, Ldp

dljy `d sh r~dwi`h ydx sipf p~oililc ol` pddju pd r~hro~h gd~ pfh

xlhvrheph`* nxp sh phoef ydx pd i`hlpigy* ~h`xeh* ol` koloch pfh

~iuau ydx koy hledxlph~,

Goep d~u pf op Edlp ~inxph p d Wdjxlp h h ~ iua

Pfh~h o~h uhwh~oj goepd~u pfop eol fhicfphl o Wdjxlphh~u ~iua*

koly dg sfief o~h sipfil pfh Wdjxlphh~u edlp~dj, Ny go~ pfh kdup

edkkdl e~ikh pfop Wdjxlphh~u hvrh~ihleh iu pfhgp, Pfhgpu dgphl

deex~ sfhl Wdjxlphh~u o~h osoy g~dk pfhi~ uiphu* il e~ds`h`

jdeopidlu &uxef ou ko~ahpu d~ dl rxnjie p~olurd~popidl)* ol` sfhl

jhowilc iphku xlopphl`h`,

Nhgd~h ydx `hro~p gd~ Px~akhliupol pfh~h o~h uhwh~oj khoux~hu

ydx eol poah pd ~h`xeh ydx~ ~iua=

Jhowh wojxonjh dnmhepu il X,U, Jhowh edrihu dg ikrd~polp `dexkhlpu ol` oeedxlp lxknh~u

sipf udkhdlh ydx p~xup il pfh X,U,

Rx~efouh o fi``hl kdlhy rdxef d~.`xkky. sojjhp ou o`hedy

Rx~efouh rh~udloj o~piejhu ilux~olehOgph~ ydx o~~iwh il Px~akhliupol* ydx sijj ~hehiwh kd~h `hpoijh`

ilgd~kopidl ondxp edkkdl e~ikhu* goepd~u pfop edlp~inxph pd


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03

Wdjxlphh~ ~iua* ol` jdeoj up~ophcihu pd ~h`xeh pfop ~iua, Gd~

hvokrjh* Wdjxlphh~u il Px~akhliupol jho~l pd=

Efdduh uogh ~dxphu ol` pikhu gd~ p~owhj* ol` p~owhj sipfudkhdlh p~xuph` ny pfh edkkxlipy sfhlhwh~ rduuinjh

Koah ux~h dlhu rh~udloj orrho~oleh iu ~hurhepgxj dg jdeojexupdku

Owdi` ficf+e~ikh o~hou Alds pfh jdeoj jolcxoch pd chp fhjr il ol hkh~chley Koah g~ihlù sipf jdeoj rhdrjh sfd o~h ~hurheph` il pfh

edkkxlipy

Jikip ojedfdj edluxkrpidl

Ou ydx eol uhh g~dk pfiu jiup* ydx kxup nh sijjilc pd sd~a fo~`

ol` oòrp ydx~ jighupyjh pd kiliki}h pfh rdphlpioj gd~ nhilc o

po~chp gd~ e~ikh, Ou sipf olysfh~h il pfh sd~j`* e~ikh `dhu hviup

il Px~akhliupol, Ydx eol ~h`xeh ydx~ ~iua ny owdiìlc uipxopidlu

pfop rjoeh ydx op ~iua ol` ny poailc r~heoxpidlu, E~ikh op pfh

wijjoch d~ pdsl jhwhj iu jhuu g~hqxhlp pfol il pfh jo~ch eipihu1

rhdrjh alds hoef dpfh~ ol` chlh~ojjy o~h jhuu jiahjy pd uphoj g~dk

pfhi~ lhicfnd~u, Pdx~iup opp~oepidlu il jo~ch pdslu o~h gowd~iph

sd~auiphu gd~ rieardeahpu,

Sfijh sfiupjhu ol` hvejokopidlu koy nh goi~jy edkkdl dl pfh

up~hhp* pfiu nhfowid~ eol nh ~h`xeh` ig ydx `~huu edluh~wopiwhjy*

oni`h ny jdeoj exjpx~oj ld~ku* ol` ~hurdl` oeed~ìlc pd pfh

p~oililc ydx sijj ~hehiwh,

Upoyilc Uogh = @dlp Nh o Po~chp gd~ E~ikh

Ydx kxup nh r~hro~h` pd poah dl o jo~ch `hc~hh dg ~hurdluinijipy

gd~ ydx~ dsl uoghpy, Ydx eol koah ydx~uhjg jhuu dg o po~chp*

hlux~h pfop ydx~ fdkh iu uhex~h* ol` `hwhjdr ~hjopidlufiru il ydx~

edkkxlipy pfop sijj koah ydx ol xljiahjy wiepik dg e~ikh, Sfijh


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06

pfh goepd~u pfop edlp~inxph pd ydx~ ~iua il Px~akhliupol koy nh

ìggh~hlp* il koly soyu ydx eol `d sfop ydx sdxj` `d ig ydx

kdwh` pd o lhs eipy olysfh~h= Nh eoxpidxu* efhea pfilcu dxp* oua

qxhupidlu* jho~l ondxp ydx~ lhicfnd~fdd`* alds sfh~h pfh kd~h

~iuay jdeopidlu o~h* xuh edkkdl uhluh* ol` nh oso~h, Ydx eol

~h`xeh ydx~ wxjlh~onijipy pd e~ikh ny ilphc~opilc ilpd ydx~

edkkxlipy* jho~lilc pfh jdeoj jolcxoch* oepilc ~hurdluinjy* ol`

oniìlc ny Rhoeh Ed~ru rdjieihu ol` r~deh`x~hu, Uh~wilc uoghjy

ol` hgghepiwhjy il Px~akhliupol sijj ~hqxi~h pfop ydx oeehrp udkh

~hup~iepidlu dl ydx~ ex~~hlp jighupyjh,

Wdjxlphh~u fowh deeouidlojjy ~hrd~ph` ilupolehu dg fo~ouukhlp*

uxef ou nhilc eojjh` `h~dcopd~y lokhu* ~hehiwilc dwh~p uhvxoj

edkkhlpu* ol` fowilc efij`~hl pf~ds ukojj ~deau op pfhk,

Up~ophcihu gd~ `hojilc sipf fo~ouukhlp o~h ìuexuuh` `x~ilc r~h+

uh~wieh p~oililc,

Wdjxlphh~u fowh ojud nhhl po~chpu dg uhvxoj ouuoxjp ilPx~akhliupol, Ojedfdj edluxkrpidl ol` e~duu+exjpx~oj

ìggh~hlehu il chl`h~ ~hjopidlu o~h dgphl ouudeioph` sipf uhvxoj

ouuoxjpu* ol` pfh ouuoijolp iu dgphl ol oeqxoilpoleh dg pfh

Wdjxlphh~, Wdjxlphh~u sfd poah uh~idxujy Rhoeh

Ed~ruPx~akhliupolu p~oililc ~hco~ìlc uhvxoj ouuoxjpu sijj

kiliki}h pfhi~ ~iua, Wdjxlphh~u o~h x~ch` pd ~hrd~p ojj ouuoxjpu ol`

pf~hopu dg ouuoxjp pd pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru khìeoj dggieh~ ud pfop upogg

eol ~hurdl` sipf orr~dr~ioph uxrrd~p, Ldph pfop uhv dxpui`h dg

ko~~ioch iu ldp jddah` xrdl gowd~onjy il Px~akhliupol ol` koy

mhdro~ì}h ndpf ydx~ uoghpy ol` ydx~ onijipy pd `hwhjdr kxpxojjy

~hurhepgxj ~hjopidlufiru il ydx~ edkkxlipy ol` op ydx~ mdn,

Fdkduhvxoj nhfowid~ iu pheflieojjy ijjhcoj il Px~akhliupol* ol`

pfh ~icfpu dg coyu ol` jhuniolu o~h ldp r~dpheph` xl`h~ pfh

Px~akhliupol Edlupipxpidl* ud coy ol` jhuniol Wdjxlphh~u fowh pdr~oepieh ìue~hpidl, Pfh Rhoeh Ed~ru iu edkkipph` pd r~dwiìlc

uxrrd~p gd~ ojj Wdjxlphh~u ~hco~`jhuu dg uhvxoj d~ihlpopidl,


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RHOEH ED^R

peace corps turkmenistan welcome book | may 2010

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