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Contact: Prof. Ed Smith814-863-0966 ecs5@psu.edu

May 3, 2005

NASA Ames Cooperative Agreement NGT-2-52275

Penn State Rotorcraft Center of Excellence

2005 Program Review (Year 4)

http://www.psu.edu/dept/rcoe/ Updated

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AGENDA Tuesday, May 3 AM

8:00 - 8:10 Opening Remarks (Rutkowski, Kerr)8:10 - 8:30 RCOE Overview (Smith)

Task Presentations (15 minutes + 10 minutes discussion per task)

8:30 – 8:55 Task 3.1 Unsteady Fuselage CFD (Long)8:55 – 9:20 Task 7 Rotorcraft Fuselage CFD (Duque)9:20 – 9:45 Task 6.2b HUMS Data Fusion (Reichard for Garga)9:45 – 10:10 Task 4.1 Maneuvering Rotor Acoustics (Brentner)10:10 – 10:25 COFFEE BREAK10:25 – 10:50 Task 2.2 Flexible Driveshaft (Wang, Bakis, Smith)10:50 – 11:15 Task 2.3a High Frequency Isolation (Lesieutre, Smith)11:15 – 11:40 Task 2.3b Gear Optimization (Mark)11:40 – 12:05 Task 1.2b Mini TE Effectors (Lesieutre, Maughmer)

12:05 – 1:05 LUNCH

Location 125 Reber

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1:05 – 1:30 Task 1.1a Embedded Absorbers (Lesieutre, Smith)1:30 – 1:55 Task 1.1b Active Control of Tiltrotor Stability (Gandhi)1:55 – 2:20 Task 1.2a Hybrid Rotor Optimization (Smith, Wang)2:20 – 2:45 Task 1.3 Conformable Airfoils (Gandhi, Frecker) 2:45 – 3:00 COFFEE BREAK3:00 – 3:25 Task 5.1 Carefree Maneuvering (Horn)3:25 – 3:50 Task 5.2 Shipboard DI Simulation and Control (Horn)

4:00 – 5:15 Review Team Caucus5:15 - 6:00 Faculty Debriefing

7:15 PM Informal Dinner – (Nittany Lion Inn)

AGENDA Tuesday, May 3 PM

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RCOE Annual Review

Management Review

• Center’s program as a whole- technical merits- relevance- technology transfer- leveraging resources- educational quality- cooperation inside and outside

• Contribution to the Rotorcraft Community- technology- quality students- help industry’s competitiveness

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RCOE Annual Review

Technical Review

For Each Task :- Technical Merits- Relevance- Technology Transfer / Technical Approaches

Emphasis on- basic research in nature, but relevant- unique technical contribution- creativity, innovation

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Guidelines for Presentations :

• 15 min (max) for presentation• 10 min for discussion

• Explain in terms of physics, physical phenomena- technical barriers / challenges- unique contribution- innovation, new concepts, new understanding

• Don’t spend time on equation derivations, test setup,or code/grid developments

(use as backup material, if wanted)

• Last year accomplishments

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Review Members

• Help presenters to keep their assigned presentation time

• Need good technical discussion after presentation- basic research- relevance

• No Funding issues

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• Research Thrusts

• Educational Activities

• Technology Transfer & Leveraging• Statistics

• Strategic Plans

2004 RCOE Management Overview

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Rotorcraft Center Goals and Technical Approach

Long Range Goals:

1) Focus research personnel and facilities on timely solution of 21st century technicalbarrier problems

2) Provide an exciting and effective educationalenvironment to train the next generationof rotorcraft engineers

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Rotorcraft Center Goals and Technical Approach

General Approach:

1) Develop new design tools,materials, andprocesses to impact performance and cost

2) Analytical and computational methods that allow prediction of complex behavior andenhance physical understanding

3) Experiments to guide and validate analyses

4) Balance of computation and experiments

5) Educational initiatives

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Research Thrusts

Advanced materials for improved rotor and drivetrain systems

Active sound and vibration controltechniques quieter and safer

Parallel computations for coupledaeroacoustics & aeromechanics

Health and Usage Monitoring Systems

Innovative and effectiveeducational initiatives

21st Century Technical Barriers

• Low-noise efficient rotors• Low-vibration dynamic systems• Smart and composite structures• Advanced drivetrains• Highly reliable & safe operations• Adverse weather capability• Digital/Optical Flight Controls• Affordability

Penn State Technology Strengths

Advanced flight controls forimproved safety and pilot workload New

Expanded

Expanded

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Rotorcraft Center Tech Base

17 Faculty

31 GraduateStudents

100 Undergraduate

Students(Freshman Sem, AHS Chapter,Senior Class, Design projects)

40 ContinuingEducationStudents

(Short course)

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Rotorcraft Center Faculty

Ed Smith dynamics, aeromechanics

Lyle Long aeroacoustics, CFD, high perf computing

Farhan Gandhi dynamics and smart structuresKon-Well Wang (ME) smart structures, structural control

Ken Brentner aeroacousticsJoe Horn flight mechanics and controlBarnes McCormick aerodynamics, stability & controlPhil Morris aeroacousticsMark Maughmer airfoil design, aerodynamicsCengiz Camci experimental fluid mechanics and heat transfer

Director

Associate-Directors

Affiliated Faculty - Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics, and Flight Controls

Administrative Director

Administrative AidesDebbie Jacobs (RCOE), Greg Johnson (ARL)

Earl Duque rotorcraft CFD (Northern Arizona University)

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Rotorcraft Center Faculty

George Lesieutre structural dynamics, materialsChuck Bakis (ESM) composite structuresGary Koopmann (ME) structural acoustics, smart structuresBill Mark (ARL) Gear optimization and noiseMary Frecker (ME) Compliant mechanisms, optimizationTom Donnellan (ARL) Manufacturing, Advanced Composite (ARL)

Affiliated Faculty - Structures and Dynamics

Amulya Garga (ARL) HUMS, data fusion

Affiliated Faculty and Research Scientists - Condition Based Maintenance

Joe Rose (ESM) ultrasound, NDE, icingAsok Ray (ME) Damage detection, control theorySteve Hambric (ARL) structural acoustics Laura Weiss (ARL) UAVs, simulationsEric Mockensturm (ME) Smart structures, structural dynamics

New Faculty and Research Scientist Partners

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Current RCOE Research Projects

Alleviation of Aeromechanical Stability and WhirlFlutter via Blade-Embedded Inertial Dampers forLag Damping and Active Controls (tiltrotor)

?

mass

Elastomeric spring / damper

Advanced Analysis, Design, and Experimental Testing of Hybrid Active-Passive Rotor Systems for Vibration Reduction and Performance Enhancement

Blade structural optimizationTrailing edge flap size, location

(Passive control)Miniature Trailing edge

Effector (MiTE) or Trailing edge flap devices

(Active control)

Development of a SmartMaterials Based ActivelyConfor mable Rotor Airfoil

Deformable skin

Desired Airfoil Shape

Sample network of linear finite elements:Stiff passive materialFlexible passive materialActive material

Spar (support location for active structure)

Control points

Redirected in 2002

Redirected in 2003

Redirected in 2002

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Current RCOE Research Projects

High Flexibility Rotorcraft Driveshafts using Flexible Matrix Composites and Active Bearing Control

Couplings Bearings

Current

New

AMBsFMC shaft

Rotorcraft driveline schematic(current vs. new )

Passive and Semi-Active Reduction of Gearbox Vibration and Noise

Gearbox

Possible IsolatorPlacement

strutLayered mount

Unsteady, Turbulent, Separated Flow Around Helicopter Fuselages

(Penn State & N. Arizona)

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Current RCOE Research Projects

Model ing of Rotorc raft Noisein Maneuvering Flight

Carefree Maneuvering Control Laws for Rotorcraft

Simulation and Control of Helicopter ShipboardLaunch and Recover y Operations

Data Fusion for Rotorcraft Health Monitoring Systems

P ort s i d e wi ndsl oca l flo w a cce l erati o n s

mai n rotor vorte x i n g est i o n“u nco mma n ded ri g ht yaw”

Starboard sid e wi n dsl oca l flo w a cce l erati o n

ped a l li m its

Hi g h vi bratio n s

Bow win d sh i gh turb u len ce

d own draftsh i gh p i l ot w orkl o a d

Tai lwi n d s from asternl o ng & lat stick l imits

p o or fie l d-of-vi ewh i gh v i brati o ns

Improved Performance with Data Fusi on

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Number of sensors

Per

form

ance

NoDefect

Inp ut Pi nio nBearing Corrosio n

Sp

iral

Bev

el In

pu

t P

inio

n S

pal

ling

H eli cal I nput Pinion Chippi ng

Helical I dlerGear Crack

Col lectorGear C rack

Qu ill S haftC rack

time, sec.

Aco

ustic

Pre

ssur

e,P

a.

0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

3-degree descentArrested descent

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Current RCOE Research Projects

Semi-Autonomous Hand-Launched Rotary-WingUnmanned Air Vehicles (Horn, Long) Supported

in 2002-2003with extraNRTC funds

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Educational Activities

• 1st Year: Hand’s on Helicopters 101 (Smith/Howard)

• Rotorcraft Aerodynamics (Gandhi/Smith)• Rotorcraft Dynamics (Smith/Gandhi)• Rotorcraft Stability and Control (Horn)• Rotorcraft Lab and Design

• Aeroacoustics (Morris, Brentner)• Parallel Computing (Long)• Structural Dynamics (Lesieutre/Wang)• Smart Structures (Gandhi), etc., etc.• NEW UAV Design-Build-Fly Course (Long)• Summer Short Courses (McCormick et al,

1986-present, 500+ attendees)• NEW Summer Short Course • TV Courses• AHS Design Competition• Lab tours and educational programs for preK-HS kids

T = m? v

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5AHS Chapter Activities

* RC Helicopter Lecture & Demo* Rotorfest* Pilots Panel* Chinese Top Competition* Movie Night* Trip to Agusta and Boeing* Bell BBQ Bash II

HELICOPTER

SOC

IETY

AMERICAN

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1) Tailboom Vibration Control Devices (SIKORKSY)

2) RC Flight test instrumentation (vibration during super maneuvers, + acoustics flight testing)

Current Industry Sponsored Senior Design Projects

Financial support for teaching assistants, equipment, and supplies provided by BOEINGAnd SIKROKSY

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Sikorksy Senior Design Project

Tail Boom Response

-1

3

7

11

15

19

23

27

31

35

39

43

47

51

55

12.00 12.25 12.50 12.75 13.00 13.25 13.50 13.75 14.00 14.25 14.50 14.75 15.00 15.25

Frequency (Hz)

Am

plit

ud

e (G

/lb)

No Absorber

Undamped Passive Absorber

Damped Passive Absorber

Active Absorber

Test results

Active absorber (wake damper)PSU tailboomtestbed

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New UAV CoursePSU Funded, Taught by Prof. Long, www.personal.psu.edu/lnl/uav

Fall 2003. 31 studentsEvery student built and flew airplanes. Guest lectures on UAVs. 1 credit.

Spring 2004. 28 studentsStudents worked in teams of 5 to build large 80 in. span aircraft. Installed wireless video cameras, onboard flight data recorders, performed flight tests.2 credits.

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Professional DevelopmentShort Courses

• JAVA and C++ Short Course at the AIAA / IEEE Digital Avionics Conference (Long)

• Aeroacoustics Short course at NASA Glenn -2003(Morris, McLaughlin, Lauchle, and Long)

T = m? v

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Professional DevelopmentShort Courses

1 week Rotary Wing Tech Short Course at PSU - Aug 2004(McCormick et al) 35 attendees

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Next courseAug 15-19 2005

Rotary Wing Flight Simulation and AvionicsMay 2004 (25 attendees)

New in 2004!!

http://app.outreach.psu.edu/RotaryWing/

Propulsion and Drivelines Instruction

Next courseMay 16-17 2005

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Technology Transfer

One of the pillars of the Penn State RotorcraftCenter is close interactions with industry and government labs and universities

• seminars and visits• sharing data and analyses• contract and grant support of graduate students• joint proposals (RITA, etc.)• internships• hiring Rotorcraft Center graduates

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Active Contracts & Collaborations

Bio-Inspired Fibrillar Network AdaptiveStructure with Ion Transport Actuation -Nastic Structures, (Wang, Bakis, et al)

DARPA

Revolutionary Physics-Based Design Tools forQuiet Helicopters(Brentner, Gandhi, Long, Morris,+ Duque from NAU,

+ Sankar, Bauchua, et al from Ga Tech)

DARPA

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Revolutionary Physics-Based Design Tools for Quiet Helicopters

Georgia Institute of TechnologyPennsylvania State UniversityNorthern Arizona University

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Program Objective• Develop a physics-based tool enabling the design of quiet rotors

without performance penalties.– This requires the capability to predict:

• rotorcraft flight state and rotor trim• unsteady aerodynamic loading• time-dependent flow field around the rotor blades• radiated noise

Key Features of Our Approach• Adaptive turbulence simulation of multi-scale physics of high Reynolds

number rotor flows:– Dynamically evolving subgrid closure for LES – Two-layer simulation for modeling near wall physics

• Numerical scheme which maintains high-order in space and time in the entire domain

• Adaptive grid to resolve tip vortices and shock waves• Efficient coupling of CFD and CSD• Acoustic prediction to guide development

We want to “fly new rotorcraft designs numerically.”

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Final Product

• An integrated suite of tools that include– OVERFLOW, enhanced with

state of the art turbulence models, high fidelity spatial and temporal algorithms, and grid motion algorithms

– User-selectable choice of comprehensive analyses (DYMORE, RCAS); efficient and seamless coupling with OVERFLOW

– PSU-WOPWOP, seamlessly coupled to OVERFLOW+ comprehensive analysis, so that acoustics data may be extracted with minimal intermediate processing.

• A set of carefully validated results for current and next generation rotor configurations Cartesian Blocks

added to OVERFLOW

Advanced rotor design …

LES Computation of Stall

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Active Contracts & Collaborations

NASA and Army LangleyLight Weight Rotor Project with Industry and NASA (Smith)Closed-Loop Rotor Individual Blade Control for Helicopter

Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise Reduction (Gandhi)Development of High Speed Impulsive Noise Simulation (Brentner)Joint research on Swashplateless Rotors Design (Gandhi & Sekula)Compliant Structures Grant (Frecker abnd Lesieutre)

NASA and Army Glenn Experimental Testing of Magnetic Bearing Control on Drivelines,

(Wang + Smith + DeSmidt)Short course instruction (B. Bill) + seminar visits

NASA and Army AmesLight Weight Rotor Project with Industry and NASA (Smith, Maughmer)

- Composite Blade Design- Airfoil Design support

Flow Vizualization of Large Unsteady Datasets (Duque)Participation in NASA Planning Workshops (Smith)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Active Contracts & Collaborations

US Army AMCOMSeminar Presentations & sharing data for HUMS research (Garga)Visit and Seminar at AMCOM (Smith)

US Navy NAVAIRPhysics-Based Model of Vibration in Damaged Gears (Mark)Sharing JSHIP Data for Ship-helicopter Interface (Horn, Long)

Piasecki Aircraft (USN Prime)Compound Helicopter control and Trim Optimization, (Horn)

US Navy NSWCQuiet UAV propellers (SBIR with Continuum Dynamics, Brentner)

US Army AATDNext Generation High Authority Trailing edge Flap Actuators(SBIR with INVERCON and TRS, Smith, Wang, Mockensturn)

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Army Research OfficeDamage Mitigating Control for Rotorcraft,

Ray (ME) + Horn+ Mark + Lagoa (EE)

Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube-Based Damping Composites (Wang, Bakis)

$250K DURIP Experimental and Computational Instrumentationfor Rotorcraft Research at the Penn State Rotorcraft Center (Smith, Long, Brentner, Horn, Wang et al)

Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Active Contracts

National Science FoundationIGERT Grant (Student Support + Computer facilities)

Computational Methods for Many Body Applications (e.g. Vortex Methods for Helicopter Aerodynamics)(Long et al)

Structural health Monitoring Using Modal Updating and Piezoelectric Transducer with Tunable Circuitry (Wang)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2003 Active Contracts

Lord Corp (RCOE Cost share)Embedded Inertial Dampers for Blade Lag Damping (Smith, Lesieutre)

Joint RITA project and support on Layered Fluidlastic Mountfor new RITA project (INVERCON, Smith, Lesieutre)

Extensive tech support in component design and specialized fabricationof Fluid Elastic mounts (McGuire, et al)

NREL - Golden, COComputational Aeroacoustics Analysis of Wind Turbines

(Morris, Long, Brentner)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Active Contracts & Collaborations

Bell Helicopters

Modeling of Elastomeric and Fluidlastic Lag Dampers, (Lesieutre, Smith)

Wind tunnel data for validation of fuselage CFD models (Long, Duque)Short course instruction - Simulation (Dreier)Advising of remote graduate student (Docker-Brentner)Hardware donation for Flight Sim Facility

BoeingGearbox Damping for Light Weight Composite Housings RDS-21 Subcontract from US Army AATD (Hambric, Dillon, Smith)

Mark Robuck visited PSU and discussed future collaboration in drivelinesTechnical Support and seminars for Rotor Rig DevelopmentMultidisciplinary Design Rotorcraft Projects Class, SmithShort course instruction - Avionics (Episcopo)

Hardware donation for Flight Sim Facility

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2003 Active Contracts & Collaborations

NRTC RITA - (At last !!!!)

Gear Optimization, Bill Mark @ PSU + Bell, Boeing, Sikorksy(complements RCOE task 2.3B)

Gear Health Monitoring (Bill Mark @ PSU, et al)

High Frequency Gearbox Isolation Mounts, Smith, Lesieutre @ PSU + Lord Corp Bell and INVERCON (complements RCOE task 2.3A)

Sikorksy -Senior Design projects (Smith)

Seminars & Joint Research (Horn et al)Outstanding Alumni Award & Seminar (Egolf)

TRS Ceramics -

DARPA SBIR on Single Crystal Piezoelectric Actuators (Smith)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004 Active Contracts & Collaborations

Georgia Tech

Successful joint proposal on CFD-Rotor Noise Reduction to DARPA(Brentner, Long, Morris, Gandhi, Duque + Sankar, etc.)

University of Maryland -

Maneuvering Wake and Noise project (Brentner-Leishman)Visits, joint papers, etc.

Northern Arizona University

Collaborative CFD research and joint proposals with Prof. Duque

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Travel Highlights

• Visits to Lord Corp in Erie (Smith, Lesieutre, Gandhi)• Visits to Ames (Maughmer, Camci, Smith)• Visits to LaRC (Brentner, Long, Smith, Gandhi)

Seminar at AMCOM Huntsville (Smith) Visit to NEXGEN (Gandhi)Participation in 1st European Micro UAV Conf (Long)

• Visits to Lord Corp in Cary (Smith)• Visit to Lockheed Martin in Owego (Long, Horn,

Smith, Lesieutre)• Visits to Pentagon (Smith, Chopra, Schrage)• Visit to Boeing Mesa (Smith, Horn)• Visits to Bell & Boeing Corp in Erie (Smith)• Participation in CRI TAC, etc (Smith, Fishman)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging2004-05 Travel Highlights

Participation in UH-60 Airloads Workshops(Brentner, Gandhi)

Goa, India - Ffowcs Williams Symposium -Jan 2005 (invited, Brentner, Morris)

• Seminar at Sikorksy - August 2004, (Horn)

• Seminar at NAVAIR Pax River - July 2004, (Horn)

• Visit to Boeing Philadelphia - March 2005, (Horn)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging

Upcoming Travel Plans

• Visit from Boeing (May)• Visit to Sikorksy (May-June)• Visits to Glenn Research Center in (May-June)• Visits to Ames (June)• Visit to Bell (late May)• Visit to AATD (June)

Etc.

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging

Seminar speakers and visitors at Penn State

- Cathy Ferrie & Ben Chiou (Bell Spring 2005)

- Al Egolf (Sikorksy, Spring 2005)

- Lionel Tausig (Agusta, Fall 2004)

- W. Johnson and Max Kismartin (Summer 2004)

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging

2004-05 Tech Transfer Highlights

2004-05 RCOE Graduates Entering Workforce-

- Eric Hathaway, PhD (05) , Boeing Philadelphia- Brendon Malovrh, PhD (05) Army Langley- Jason Petrie, MS (04), BAE New Hampshire - Bryan Mayrides, MS (05), Sikorsky- Hans DeSmidt, PhD (05), Asst Prof at Univ of Tenn- Jose Palacios, MS (04), Penn State RCOE PhD- Brian Geiger, MS (05), Penn State RCOE PhD- Chris Hennes, MS (05), Penn State RCOE PhD- Jason Hines, MS (04), Impact Technologies- Mike Kinzel, MS (04), Penn State ARL

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Penn State RCOE - Facilities

• Rotor Test Stand with Icing Chamber

• Rotor Lag damping Test Stand

• Rotorcraft Flight Simulator

• Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

• Frequency Scaled Tailrotor-Driveline Test Stand

• Parallel Computing Facilities for Rotorcraft Analysis

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Rotor Test FacilityDescription

? 6-8 feet rotor diameter facility donated by Boeing Philadelphia? 750 feet/sec. tip speed from a compact water cooled motor? AC inverter driven speed control system? Modern data acquisition system with a dedicated control room? Non-intrusive flow diagnostics using LDA and PIV? Torque, thrust and four side forces are available? Hover test stand in a -15 F climate room for icing studies

• Status

? Rotor test stand fully assembled

? AC motor drive system and control room is completed

? A climate chamber with -15 F capability is under construction

? Six component balance system under refurbishment

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Parallel Computing Facility for Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Aeroacoustics, & Rotor Dynamics

• RCOE cluster (COCOA3) – Front End/Server

• 4 - Xeon 1.5 GHz processors• 700GB data storage (Raid 5)• 4 GB memory• 4 GigaBit Ethernet NICs

– 60 Compute Nodes• dual 2.4 GHz Pentium Xeon

processors• 2 GB RAM• GigaBit Ethernet and Fast

Ethernet– Communication Fabric

• 3 24-port GigaBit Ethernet switches

• Trunking between GigaBit Ethernet switches

• 2 48-port Fast Ethernet switches

– Cost• $156K total cost ($88K DURIP,

$68K RCOE equipment funds)– Status: Heavy Utilization

PIs: K. S. Brentner and L. N. Long

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Plasma Displays

LCD Instrument Displays

Speaker Flight Link Controls

Rotorcraft Flight Simulator

• Graphical Cluster: Multiple networked PC based systems provide computation and graphics generation

• Open-source software and commodity-based hardware components• GENHEL flight dynamics coupled with FlightGear simulation• Multi-disciplinary research applications: Flight dynamics modeling, control

law design, coupled acoustics and flight dynamics simulation

Description

Operator Station

Computer Cabinet

Amplifier

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DisplaysDisplays

GENHEL (Windows)

Flight Controls

PilotMATLAB (Windows)

CHARM (Windows)

WOPWOP (Linux)

FlightGear (Linux)

Displays

Initialization

Initialization

Initia

lizati

on

Rot

or

Load

ing

Control Data

Sound

Control Inputs

Gra

phic

s

Flight Dynamics

Data

Rot

or

Dat

a

Rot

or

Wak

e

Con

trol

D

ata

Visua

l Data

Status• All major hardware components have been purchased and assembled• Main software architecture has been designed and tested in real-time

pilot-in-the-loop simulation• Currently upgrading software: Integrating CHARM wake module,

advanced flight controls module, ship airwake module, PSU-WOPWOP acoustics simulation module

Rotorcraft Flight Simulator

Surround Sound System

Audio Node

Plasma Display Plasma DisplayPlasma Display

LCD Display

LCD Display

LCD Display

LCD Display

Display Node(Linux)

Display Node(Linux)

Display Node(Linux)

Master Node(Linux)

Network Switch

Display Node(Linux)

GENHEL Node

(Windows)

Keyboard+ Mouse

Keyboard+ Mouse

CHARM Node

KVM Switch

Video Connection

Audio ConnectionNetwork Connection

Keyboard/Mouse Connection

Operator Station

Instrument Panel

Out-the-Window Displays

Existing Component

Planned Component

Hardware Schematic Software Schematic

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Flight Simulation FacilitiesFuture Upgrades

Honeywell 2-Axis Active SticksDonated by Boeing - Philadelphia

Bell 206 Simulation CockpitDonated by Bell-Textron

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Description• Developing three small, quad-rotor platforms and a larger hobby scale RC

helicopter platform• Using latest technology in inexpensive / lightweight sensors and microprocessors• Studying both commercially available and custom designed avionics packages• Objective is to develop semi-autonomous RUAV platforms for research on flight

controls, software / avionics integration, and health monitoring

Draganflyer IIIPhoto from www.rctoys.com

SuperStar II GPS Receiver (50 grams)

Remove existing electronics

Crista IMU(20 grams)

Intel 166 MHz Pentium MMX

PC/104+ (110 grams)

HMR3100 Digital Compass(1.5 grams)

NetGear Wireless Network Adapter

(20 grams)

Novatel SuperStar II GPS

Crossbow IMU400CC

Raptor 60 RC Helicopter

HMR3100 Digital Compass

Vibration IsolatedAvionics Box

Honeywell Transceiver

MicroChip PIC MicroController

Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

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Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Status• Currently bench testing two different avionics packages for quad-rotor systems

using PC/104 and Javelin Stamp microprocessors • Developing larger quad-rotor system with custom-designed avionics• Purchased Piccolo autopilot system – initial testing on fixed-wing aircraft then

develop software for rotorcraft applications• Developing on-board processor, inertial / GPS navigation system, and vibration

isolated avionics box for RC helicopter

Bench test integration of PC/104 based avionics on Draganflyer III

Bench test integration of Javelin Stamp avionics on quad-rotor UAV

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Custom-designed avionics board using MEMS

sensors

Quad-rotor helicopter

Piccolo Autopilot by Cloud Cap Technology

Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

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Frequency Scaled Tailrotor-Driveline Test StandDescription

? Frequency Scaled Model of Helicopter (AH64) Tailrotor Driveline? Segmented Alloy Shaft or FMC Shaft (3/8 inch Diameter) with Active

Magnetic Bearing (AMB) or Traditional Contact Bearing Options? Driveshaft Coupled to a Flexible Foundation-Beam Structure? Adjustable Inertia and Torque Load? Adjustable Levels of Static Operating Misalignment? Foundation Excitation (Simulate Tailboom Aerodynamic Loading)

Segmented Driveline (1.7 m)

Load-End (Brake & Flywheel)

Motor (2.5 Hp)

AMBs

• Status? Test stand has been set

up and open-loop and closed-loop tests have been conducted

? In the process of analyzing data for model and control system validation

? More tests will be performed with different shafting

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Student & Faculty Recognition

• Dr. Barnes McCormick - 2004 AHS Nikolsky Lecture“Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Wake Turbulence and BVI:

Vortices Come in all Sizes”

• Dr. Kon-Well Wang - Appointed Editor and Chief ofASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics

• Dr. George Lesieutre -• Promoted to Department Head

• Dr. Ed Smith -Promoted to Professor

• 2 Vertical Flight Foundation Scholars in 2004(Chris Hennes, Brian Geiger )

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Student & Faculty Recognition

• Dr. Mary Frecker - 2005 Penn State Engineering Society Outstanding Researcher Award

• Dr. Ed Smith - Elected to CRI Technical Advisory Board

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Faculty Participation in AHS & AIAA

Brentner - Member Acoustics Committee, Associate Editor, AHS JournalAIAA Meshing, Visualization, and Computer Environments TCAIAA Terrestrial Energy Systems TC

Gandhi - Member, Dynamics Committee

Horn - Member, Handling Qualities Committee

Maughmer - Member, Aerodynamics Committee

Smith - Chairman, Education CommitteeStudent Chapter Advisor

Long - AIAA Computer Systems TC, AIAA Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication Editor-in-ChiefOrganizer of AIAA Intelligent Systems Conf

HELICOPTER

SOC

IETY

AMERICAN

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Statistics - 2001-2004 NRTC RCOE Program

Journal Conf. MS PhDPapers Papers degs degs

Year

2001 646 15

Note: Total numbers higher for entire Penn State Rotorcraft Program activities(other funds from MURI, ARO, industry, etc.). These totals are available from Prof. Smith.

2002 589 21

2003 259 2 1

2004 (5)(6)2005

TBD20

22

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5

Total Rotorcraft Research Budget $1.96M in total 2003 funding)

2003 Total Rotorcraft Center Program (Total of $1.96M )

NRTC

Penn State

ARO (Core +

MURI task + DURIP)

Sikorksy

Lord

NREL

Boeing (AATD)

Piasecki

NASA + Army

NSF

NAVAIR

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5

Total Rotorcraft Research Budget $3.1M in total 2005 funding)

NRTC RCOE

Penn State

ARO (Core +

MURI task + DURIP)Sikorksy

LordNRELBoeing (AATD)

Piasecki

NASA + Army

NSF

NAVAIR

DARPA (Quiet)

DARPA (Nastic)

Bell

RITATRS

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5

Penn State ARL Rotorcraft Research

Manufacturing and Materials

RDS 21 program with Boeing for AATD - drivetrain technology (ausform finishing process development and characterization) , and quieting of a transmission cover (700K)

Near Net Forged Gear program from AATD ( 450K)

Gear quieting analysis program from NAVAIR ( 75K annual)

Ausform Technology Development Program from NAVAIR ( 1.1M)

Additional activities in UAV Controls and Simulation (with DARPA)

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Innovative Nittany Valley Engineering, Research and Consulting

Invercon, LLCCalder SquarePO Box 10229State College, PA 16805

Telephone: 814-876-3609Fax: 814-689-7006Email: joe.szefi@invercon.net

• Assist in transfer and development of RCOE technology in a wide range of areas (dynamics, acoustics, controls, HUMS, etc)

• Draw on pool of recent RCOE graduates, faculty, and industry partners• Teaming on SBIR, STTR, NASA, and DoD sponsored projects

New RITA Award (Lord Corp Prime) to develop mounts for Bell 427 testNew SBIR Award from AATD for High Authority TE Flap actuators

Dr. Joe Szefi, PSU PhD, 2003

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Rotorcraft Center Strategic Goals: 2004

1) Continue progress on all new RCOE research tasks - A- mature tasks yielding exciting results- new facilities and simulations just online

2) Resolve Penn State - RITA contract Log Jam - A

3) Continue development of major facilities - A-- rotor test stand (RTS) with icing capability

4) Explore and develop NEW RESEARCH IDEAS for inclusion in 2005 RCOE Proposal - A

- Visits to several industry and gov’t locations- Invitations to campus

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Rotorcraft Center Strategic Goals: 2005

1) Finish all new RCOE research tasks -- document, graduate, etc.- identify follow-on goals and opportunities

2) Work with NRTC and other RCOEs to secure supportfor RCOE Program renewal -- Pentagon (Army, Navy)- Industry- Government Labs (AATD, AMCOM, NAVAIR, etc)

3) Explore and develop NEW RESEARCH IDEAS for inclusion in 2005 RCOE Proposal

- Industry and government interactions- New campus partners and ideas- Emerging and break-through technologies

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5

6) Don’t forget to have some fun!!

ENJOY the Review!

Rotorcraft Center Strategic Goals: 2005

4) Secure Cost sharing for RCOE Proposal - Penn State administration ($$, facilities, etc)- Industry partners

5) Support new CRI Initiatives