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Chapter Two: Dr. Frankena

So you won’t get knocked out in

Philosophic verbiage....

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What is Frankena’s focus in his

discussion of chapter two?

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Normative Ethics

Which is what?

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In our Mock Problems we have been practicing

casuistry...

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“a moralist trying to provide ethical guidance by making a long list of specific situation,

describing them and telling us what we should do in each

case.”

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What is a teleological case?

teleological theory says that the basic or ultimate criterion or standard of what is morally right, wrong, obligatory is the non moral value that is brought into being? What does this mean?

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What are nonmoral values?

experiences, paintings, forms of government, things, and what not.

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We do not make moral decisions upon moral values

why?

circular arguments....what are they?

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What is a deontological argument?

according to Frankena?

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Contend that it is possible for an action or rule of action to

be the morally right or obligatory one even if it does

not promote the greatest possible balance of good over

evil for self, society, or universe.

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What is an act deontological theory?

Different classes of deontic and teleological theories...

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Extreme act deontic - the golden mean is the decision rests with the perception. No

criterion or guiding light.Frankena: P. 16...situational

ethics.

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What is rule deontological theory?

p. 17

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The standard or right and wrong consists of one or more

rules. Basic rules independent of amount of

good derived.

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What is an ethical egoist?

does not refer to the Freudian concept, necessarily but in the

theoretical.

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Ethical Egoist...

one and only basic obligation is to promote the greatest possible balance of good over evil for self. He/she alone is the moral spectator, advisor and judge.

in making second/third person judgments, go by what is to one’s own advantage.

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Ethical egoists..hedonist

Epicurean way of life...good or welfare = happiness and happiness with pleasure. Pleasure may also be knowledge, poser, self realization, life of pleasure, knowledge, and other good things.

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Everyone must act or judge by the standard of his own

advantage in terms of good and evil.

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What is psychological egoism?

What does Frankena say about it?

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is not acceptable in any terms......

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What is wrong with an act - deontological theory?

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Errors....

It is practically impossible to do in any consistent or reliable fashion.

How often do we have time to think through the problem?

We need rules to live by.

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Rule Deontology

An exception to a rule is no more than giving way to another rule, the only problem is rank ordering according to importance.

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Explain W. D. Ross prima facie and actual duty

obligations.

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Prima Facie/Actual Duty

Prima Facie Duty - a set of rules that have no exceptions, by conceiving of them as rules of prima facie.

Actual Duty: rules that occur in actual situations.

Problem: Can we set down all the rules.

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What is Divine Command?

How is it a rule deontological theory?

How is it an ethical egoist theory?

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Divine Command

The rules are made by the divine will of God. It is a rule deontological theory because the rules are set by God and man is not to undo the rules.

It can be an ethical egoist rule because man does so as God wills or “man will suffer the consequences”.

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What is Kant’s Categorical Imperative?

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Kant’s Categorical Imperative

Act only on that maxim which you can at the same time will to be universal law. acting voluntarily freely choose judging from the moral point of will to

universalize action, right or wrong, if can be consistent

in similar circumstances.