N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Performance Enhancing

Drugs 3.5.5: Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDS)

• Their effects on sporting performance.

• Their side effects on the body.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Why take drugs?

• Desire to win

• Financial rewards

• Influence of others

• Recover from injury quickly

• Mask pain

• Natural ability not sufficient

• Train harder and longer.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Do you think he should represent our

country?

Dwain Chambers

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Hall of Shame

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Diego Maradona Diego Maradona’s

involvement with drugs

was exposed in 1991

when he failed a dope

test for cocaine. He

made a stunning return

at the 1994 World Cup

but was sent home after

testing positive for

ephedrine.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Christine Ohuruogu

Britain’s Christine

Ohuruogu was

originally banned for

life for missing three

out-of-competition

drug tests. But the

ban was overturned

on appeal meaning

she can now compete!

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Ben Johnson Ben Johnson clinched a

scarcely believable world record time of 9.79 seconds to pip Carl Lewis to Olympic 100 metres gold at the 1988 games in Seoul. However, Johnson was stripped of his medal after testing positive for anabolic steroids.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Floyd Landis Cycling once again suffered

after the 2006 Tour de France winner Floyd Landis tested positive for testosterone. The American produced the test during stage 17 which he won by almost 6 minutes to get back into contention after he slipped into 11th place.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Shane Warne Shane Warne the Australian spin

bowling legend was sent home from the 2003 Cricket World Cup after he tested positive for a banned diuretic (possibly being used to mask other banned substances). The leniency of the one year ban imposed by the Australian Cricket Board was criticised by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Rio Ferdinand • Rio Ferdinand was

left out of England's squad for their crucial Euro 2004 qualifying match in Turkey. The FA dropped him pending an investigation into his failure to attend a routine drugs test.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Anabolic Steroids

• Mimics the effects of testosterone (male hormone).

• Accelerate growth and repair of muscles and bone.

• Example: nandrolone

Side Effects:

• Increased risk of heart attack and stroke, high blood

pressure, liver disease, women develop a deeper voice

and hair growth, increased risk of muscle injury,

infertility in women, death.

Users: Explosive events such as 100m, Javelin.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Beta Blockers

• Stop the effect of adrenaline.

• Reduce the heart rate and relax a performer.

• Steady the hand and reduce stress and anxiety.

Side Effects:

• Low blood pressure, depression, tiredness,

nausea and diarrhoea and insomnia.

Users: Darts and snooker players.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Diuretics

• Speeds up the work of the kidneys to increase the amount of urine produced.

• Useful in sports with weight restrictions.

• Can also be used to mask other drugs by reducing their concentration in the body.

Side Effects:

• Dehydration, dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches, nausea and can lead to kidney illness.

Users: Boxers, jockeys.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Narcotics and Analgesics

• Reduce the sensation of the CNS; give relief from

pain.

• Very strong painkillers: heroin, methadone,

pethidine, morphine.

• Allow the body to train/play whilst injured.

Side Effects:

• Loss of concentration, balance and co-ordination,

emotional effects such as hallucination.

• Permanent injury due to lack of rest and recovery.

Users: Almost anyone with injury!

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Peptide Hormones

• Growth hormone (GH) increases muscle production,

makes the body use fat and reduces tiredness.

• Erythropoietin (EPO) increases the production of red

blood cells in the bone marrow.

Side Effects:

• GH – irregular heart beat.

• EPO - thickens the blood which can lead to heart

attacks or strokes.

Users: Explosive events (GH), endurance events (EPO).

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Stimulants

• Stimulates the cardiovascular system and increases

its activity; increases alertness.

• Reduces the feeling of tiredness so can train; offset

the effects of lactic acid on the muscles.

• Amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine.

Side Effects:

• Insomnia, irritability, irregular heart beat, increased

heart rate, high blood pressure, addiction.

Users: Athletes, dancers (wide ranging).

Blood Doping

• A banned process NOT a banned drug.

• Involves increasing the number of red blood

cells in the body to improve performance.

• Train at high altitude for some time, then have

about 2 pints of blood taken out and their red

blood cells frozen.

• The body recovers, and the normal 8 pints is

restored.

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Blood Doping

• Close to competition, the red blood cells are

unfrozen and put back into the bloodstream.

• This is thought to increase performance by as

much as 20%.

What are the dangers of blood doping?

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

N. Walker GCSE PE Edexcel

Is it worth it?