KS3

: C

2.1

Th

e P

eri

od

ic T

able

Kn

ow

led

ge O

rgan

ise

r

Ad

dit

ion

al In

form

atio

n

Ke

y p

oin

ts t

o le

arn

Key

po

ints

to

lear

n

Fan

tast

ic f

act!

Big

pic

ture

The

Peri

od

ic T

able

has

th

is n

ame

bec

ause

th

ere

is a

rep

eati

ng

pat

tern

of

pro

per

ties

, lik

e th

e re

pea

tin

g p

atte

rn o

f m

enst

rual

p

erio

ds.

Met

als

& N

on

-

met

als

In t

he

Per

iod

ic T

able

met

als

are

on

th

e le

ft o

f th

e st

ep

ped

lin

e

and

no

n-m

etal

s ar

e o

n t

he

righ

t

Pro

per

ties

of

met

als

Mo

st m

etal

s h

ave

hig

h m

elti

ng

po

ints

. Th

ey a

re g

oo

d

con

du

cto

rs o

f h

eat

and

elec

tric

ity.

Th

ey a

re s

hin

y an

d

hav

e h

igh

den

siti

es.

They

are

mal

leab

le, d

uct

ile a

nd

so

no

rou

s.

Pro

per

ties

of

no

n-m

etal

s

Mo

st n

on

-met

als

hav

e lo

w

mel

tin

g p

oin

ts.

They

are

po

or

con

du

cto

rs o

f h

eat

and

elec

tric

ity.

In

th

e so

lid s

tate

they

are

du

ll an

d b

ritt

le.

Met

allo

ids

The

elem

ents

nea

r th

e st

ep

ped

line

are

met

allo

ids.

Th

eir

pro

per

ties

are

bet

we

en t

ho

se o

f

met

als

and

no

n-m

etal

s.

Met

al O

xid

esA

re b

asic

. Th

ose

th

at d

isso

lve

in

wat

er f

orm

alk

alin

e so

luti

on

s.

No

n-m

etal

oxi

des

are

aci

dic

.

Ph

ysic

al

pro

per

ties

Des

crib

e th

ings

th

at y

ou

can

ob

serv

e an

d m

easu

re

Ch

emic

al

pro

per

ties

Des

crib

e h

ow

su

bst

ance

s ta

ke

par

t in

ch

emic

al r

eact

ion

s

Per

iod

ic t

able

and

pro

per

ties

You

can

use

th

e ar

ran

gem

ent

of

elem

ents

in t

he

Per

iod

ic T

able

to

exp

lain

an

d p

red

ict

pat

tern

s in

ph

ysic

al a

nd

ch

emic

al p

rop

erti

es

Per

iod

sIn

th

e P

eri

od

ic T

able

th

e

ho

rizo

nta

l ro

ws

are

cal

led

Pe

rio

ds

Gro

up

sIn

th

e P

eri

od

ic T

able

th

e v

ert

ical

colu

mn

s ar

e c

alle

d G

rou

ps

Pat

tern

s in

pro

per

tie

s

Go

ing

acro

ss p

eri

od

s an

d d

ow

n

gro

up

s th

ere

are

pat

tern

s in

th

e

ele

me

nts

’ pro

pe

rtie

s

Gro

up

1

elem

ents

Hav

e lo

w m

elt

ing

and

bo

ilin

g

po

ints

an

d lo

w d

en

siti

es.

The

y

are

re

acti

ve.

Gro

up

1

elem

ents

+

wat

er

Gro

up

1 e

lem

en

ts r

eac

t vi

goro

usl

y

wit

h w

ate

r to

mak

e h

ydro

xid

es

and

hyd

roge

n.

The

re

acti

on

s ge

t

mo

re v

igo

rou

s fr

om

to

p t

o b

ott

om

of

the

gro

up

Gro

up

7

elem

ents

Go

ing

do

wn

Gro

up

7, m

elt

ing

and

bo

ilin

g p

oin

ts in

cre

ase

. Th

e

colo

urs

get

dar

ker.

Th

ey a

re

reac

tive

Dis

pla

cem

ent

reac

tio

ns

In a

dis

pla

cem

en

t re

acti

on

a m

ore

reac

tive

ele

me

nt

dis

pla

ces

a le

ss

reac

tive

ele

me

nt

fro

m it

s

com

po

un

ds

Gro

up

0G

rou

p 0

ele

me

nts

are

cal

led

no

ble

gase

s. T

he

y ar

e u

nre

acti

ve

Ch

emis

try

1.1

Par

ticl

es a

nd

th

eir

beh

avio

ur

1.2

Ele

men

ts, a

tom

s an

d c

om

po

un

ds

1.4

Aci

ds

and

alk

alis

1.3

Rea

ctio

ns

2.1

Th

e P

erio

dic

Tab

le

2.3

Met

als

and

aci

ds

2.2

Sep

arat

ion

tec

hn

iqu

es

2.4

Th

e Ea

rth

C2

Ch

eckl

ist

Cha

pter

1

Less

on

Dev

elop

ing

S

ecu

re

Exte

nd

ing

C2

1.1

Met

als

and

non-

met

als

I ca

n st

ate

som

e co

mm

on

prop

ertie

s of

met

als

and

no

n-m

etal

s.

I

can

expl

ain

how

ele

men

ts

are

clas

sifie

d as

met

als

and

non-

met

als.

I

can

clas

sify

pro

pert

ies

of

met

allo

ids

into

met

allic

and

no

n-m

etal

lic p

rope

rtie

s.

I ca

n us

e po

sitio

n on

the

Per

iodi

c ta

ble

to s

ugge

st if

an

elem

ent

is

a m

etal

or

non-

met

al.

I

can

use

patt

erns

to

clas

sify

an

elem

ent

as a

m

etal

or

non-

met

al.

I

can

pred

ict

the

prop

ertie

s of

an

ele

men

t, g

iven

its

posi

tion

on t

he P

erio

dic

Tabl

e.

C2

1.2

Gro

ups

and

period

s

I ca

n id

entif

y ch

ange

s in

pr

oper

ties

betw

een

elem

ents

of

the

sam

e gr

oup

or p

erio

d.

I

can

use

patt

erns

to

pred

ict

prop

ertie

s of

el

emen

ts.

I

can

expl

ain

how

the

po

sitio

n of

an

elem

ent

can

be

use

d to

sug

gest

pro

pert

ies

of e

lem

ents

.

I ca

n de

scribe

in s

impl

e te

rms

wha

t pa

tter

n is

sho

wn

in a

giv

en

prop

erty

of a

grou

p or

per

iod.

I

can

com

pare

pat

tern

s in

pr

oper

ties

in t

he g

roup

s an

d pe

riod

s of

the

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble.

I

can

appl

y pa

tter

ns s

how

n w

ithin

gro

ups

or p

erio

ds t

o un

know

n el

emen

ts.

C2

1.3

The

elem

ents

of

Gro

up 1

I ca

n de

scribe

, in

sim

ple

term

s,

how

one

pro

pert

y ch

ange

s fo

r th

e el

emen

ts o

f G

roup

1.

In

terp

ret

data

to

desc

ribe

pa

tter

ns in

pro

pert

ies

of t

he

Gro

up 1

ele

men

ts.

I

can

desc

ribe

pat

tern

s in

the

pr

oper

ties

of G

roup

1 e

lem

ents

us

ing

data

giv

en.

I ca

n st

ate

the

prod

ucts

of th

e re

actio

n be

twee

n tw

o G

roup

1

met

als

with

wat

er.

I

can

use

patt

erns

to

pred

ict

prop

ertie

s of

G

roup

1 e

lem

ents

.

I

can

com

pare

pre

dict

ions

with

ev

iden

ce,

and

from

rea

ctio

ns

invo

lvin

g G

roup

1 e

lem

ents

.

C2

1.4

The

elem

ents

of

Gro

up 7

I ca

n st

ate

a pa

tter

n sh

own

by

the

Gro

up 7

ele

men

ts.

I

can

use

patt

erns

to

pred

ict

prop

ertie

s of

G

roup

7 e

lem

ents

.

I

can

expl

ain

any

pred

ictio

ns

mad

e ab

out

the

Gro

up 7

el

emen

ts.

I ca

n st

ate

sim

ply

wha

t ha

ppen

s in

a d

ispl

acem

ent

reac

tion.

I

can

desc

ribe

dis

plac

emen

t re

actio

ns.

I

can

write

wor

d eq

uatio

ns

to r

epre

sent

dis

plac

emen

t re

actio

ns.

C2

Ch

eckl

ist

Cha

pter

1

Less

on

Dev

elop

ing

S

ecu

re

Exte

nd

ing

C2

1.5

The

elem

ents

of

Gro

up 0

I ca

n st

ate

a ch

emic

al a

nd a

ph

ysic

al p

rope

rty

of G

roup

0

elem

ents

.

I

can

desc

ribe

the

phy

sica

l an

d ch

emic

al p

rope

rtie

s of

th

e G

roup

0 e

lem

ents

.

I

can

link

info

rmat

ion

abou

t G

roup

0 e

lem

ents

to

thei

r pr

oper

ties.

I ca

n de

scribe

the

rea

ctiv

ity o

f G

roup

0 e

lem

ents

.

I

can

use

patt

erns

to

pred

ict

prop

ertie

s of

Gro

up

0 el

emen

ts.

I

can

com

pare

the

tre

nds

in

Gro

up 0

with

tho

se o

f G

roup

1

and

Gro

up 7

ele

men

ts.

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Chapter 1 Glossary C2

Key word Definition

acid rain Rain that has a non-metal dissolved in it.

chemical property How a substance behaves in its chemical reactions.

density The mass of a material in a certain volume.

displace A more reactive metal displaces – or pushes out – a less reactive metal from its compound.

displacement reaction In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal displaces – or pushes out – a less reactive metal from its compound.

group A vertical column of the Periodic Table. The elements in a group have similar properties.

Group 0 Group 0 is on the right of the Periodic Table. Group 0 elements include helium, neon, argon, and krypton.

Group 1 The elements in the left column of the Periodic Table, including lithium, sodium, and potassium.

Group 7 Group 7 is the second from the right of the Periodic Table. Group 7 elements include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

halogen Another name for the Group 7 elements.

metal

Elements on the left of the stepped line of the Periodic Table. Most

elements are metals. They are good conductors of energy and electricity.

metalloid Elements near the stepped line of the Periodic Table are metalloids.

noble gases Another name for the Group 0 elements.

non-metal Elements on the right of the stepped line of the Periodic Table. They are poor conductors of energy and electricity.

period A horizontal row of the Periodic Table. There are trends in the properties of the elements across a period.

physical property A property of a material that you can observe or measure.

reactive A substance is reactive if it reacts vigorously with substances such as dilute acids and water.

unreactive Elements that take part in few chemical reactions are unreactive.

© Oxford University Press 2020 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Study guide information sheet C

Chemical formula Every element has its own chemical symbol. This is a one- or two-letter

code for the element. Scientists all over the world use the same chemical

symbols.

The table shows some chemical symbols.

Name of element Chemical symbol

carbon C

nitrogen N

nickel Ni

chlorine Cl

gold Au

iron Fe

tungsten W

The chemical symbols of elements can be found on the Periodic Table.

Chemical formula

A chemical formula shows the relative number of atoms of each element

in a compound. ‘Relative number’ means how many of one type of atom

there are compared to another.

For example:

The chemical formula of carbon dioxide is CO2.

This shows that there is one carbon atom for every two oxygen

atoms.

The chemical formula of carbon monoxide is CO.

This shows that there is one carbon atom for every oxygen atom.

When you are writing chemical formulae, the numbers should be:

to the right of their chemical symbol, just below the line

smaller than the chemical symbols.

The chemical symbol of carbon is C. The chemical symbol of

hydrogen is H.

Write the chemical symbol of a compound with one carbon

atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Quick question

© Oxford University Press 2020 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Study guide information sheet C

Naming compounds

Compounds made up of oxygen and one other element have two-word

names. The second word is oxide.

Elements in compound Name of compound

aluminium and oxygen aluminium oxide

zinc and oxygen zinc oxide

Compounds that contain a Group 7 element and one other element are

named as shown in the table below.

Elements in compound Name of compound

hydrogen and fluorine hydrogen fluoride

sodium and chlorine sodium chloride

potassium and bromine potassium bromide

The ‘ine’ at the end of the Group 7 element changes to ‘ide’, that is:

fluorine changes to fluoride

chlorine changes to chloride

bromine changes to bromide

What is the name of a compound made from sodium and

bromine?

Quick question

© Oxford University Press 2020 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Study guide information sheet C

Atoms and elements

Elements

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other

substances.

There are over 100 elements. The Periodic Table lists the elements. In the

Periodic Table, elements with similar properties are grouped together.

State what an element is.

Use the Periodic Table above to name three elements.

Quick question

© Oxford University Press 2020 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Study guide information sheet C

Atoms

An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.

Every element is made up of one type of atom.

All the atoms of an element are the same as each other.

The atoms of one element are different to the atoms of all other elements.

The properties of atoms

One atom on its own does not have the properties of the element.

The properties of an element are the properties of very many atoms joined

together.

Gold is an element. It is yellow and shiny. A single gold atom is not yellow

and shiny. When many gold atoms are joined together, these atoms make

the gold yellow and shiny.

State what an atom is.

Quick question

Are the properties of a gold atom the same as the

gold element?

Quick question