PGD-1303

Software Project Management?Software Project Management?

What is software?

Software Computer programs and associated

documentation

Documentation includes requirements design models user manuals configuration file

Software

Software artifact – A unit of material, in the form of a document, presentation, or code, that is developed as a part of, or as a contribution to, the final solution to the users.

Code – A set of instructions to a device, possibly a computing device, to perform a desired set of instructions.

Software everywhere!

More and more systems are software controlled

Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of investment in all developed countries.

What is software engineering?5

A systematic approach to developing software.

“Methods and techniques to develop and maintain quality software to solve problems.”

[Pfleeger, 1990]

“Study of the principles and methodologies for developing and maintaining software systems.”

[Zelkowitz, 1978]

“Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production.”

[Sommerville]

What is software engineering?6

“Practical application of scientific knowledge in the design and construction of computer programs and the associated documentation required to develop, operate, and maintain them.”

[Boehm, 1976]

“Deals with establishment of sound engineering principles and methods in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines.”

[Bauer, 1972]

What is software engineering?

Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available.

Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development.

To produce quality software within constraints Time & Cost

What is a software process?

A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software.

Generic activities in all software processes are: Specification - what the system should do and its

development constraints Development - production of the software system Validation - checking that the software is what the

customer wants Evolution - changing the software in response to

changing demands.

What is Software Project Management?

Software project management is concerned with ensuring that, for a software project, the most appropriate process and methodologies are

chosen, the desired internal product structure is attained and the external product properties are achieved.

In addition, the project management constraints of schedule and resources must be met.

[Tsui ’04]

Why Software Project Management?

Cost, cost, cost!!! &

Time, time, time!!!

$250 Billion is spent each year on approx. 175,000 information technology (IT) application projects.

31% of all the above projects will fail and 53% of the projects will overrun the original cost estimates i.e. $81 billion wasted or canceled projects.

US. Standish Group’s Chaos report.

Why is SPM difficult?

The product is intangible: Software cannot be seen or touched. It is difficult to see and measure progress.

There are no standard software processes. S/W process varies from one organization to

another.

Why is SPM difficult?

Large software projects are often ‘one-of-a-kind’ projects. Usually s/w projects differ in some ways from

previous projects. Experience gained on one project may not work

for another project. Technological changes in computers and

communications can make a manager’s experience obsolete.

[Sommerville ’04]

SPM Activities

Software Project Management activities include: Proposal writing Project planning and scheduling Project cost Project monitoring and reviews Personnel selection and evaluation Report writing and presentations

Phases of SPM

The previous management activities are captured using the acronym POMA:

Planning

Organizing

Monitoring

Adjusting