phasor measurement technology and the requirements for new algorithms for control
TRANSCRIPT
Phasor Measurement Technology and the requirements for new Algorithms for ControlAuthors: Innocent Kamwa, PhD., FIEEEManager of Power Systems & MathematicsChief Scientist for Smart Grids, HQ - ResearchInstitute Robert OReilly, Past Director- Technological Innovations & ArchitecturesPMUChallengesandDriversRequirementsforthedataGeneralcontrolaspectsWideareacontrolSpecialProtectionSystemsSituationalAwarenessandapplicationswithintheDistributionSystemPMUsandtheiruseinMicrogridsConclusion2Beforelookingatcontrolapplications,considersomeoftheparametersrequiredfromaPMU.Fromameasurementpointofview: Accuracy Repeatability Timelyavailability Stabilityofthereadings Capabilityofdetectingkeyharmonics,34DRIVERS Increasingcomplexityofthegrid.Needofnetworkmonitoringandcontrolinrealtime. Increasingdemand.Needofincreasingthepowerflowwithexistinginfrastructure. Systemoperatorsneedsynchronizedinformationtomakedecisionsinlinewithnetworkrequirements. Needtoimprovetheoperationalsecurityofthepowersystem. Afterharmfulblackouts,theneedtopreventapowersystem`scollapsesemerges.Theneedforaccurateandrealtimeinformationiscritical.Reliableandhighlyeffectiveatrejectingharmoniccomponents,includingsubharmonicscausedbyseriescompensationPerformsverywellinstressedanddisturbedpowersystems,providinggoodandreliablemeasurementsandfasteroperationofcontrolandprotectionsystems.Exceptionalreportingratethatallowsimplementationoffastintelligentprotectionandcontrolschemes,specialprotectionschemes,etc.5Resiliencetoharmonicsprovidesanidealapproachforsinglephaseapplications,microgrids andpowerislands.APMUwithadaptivealgorithmsoperatingunderawidefrequencyrangeforphasor &frequency(especiallyindynamicconditions)mustworkwithina 15to20Hzrangefromtheselectedbasefrequencyandshouldnottobeaffectedbyharmonics,intermodulation,subandhypersynchronousresonances.671. Fundamentalfrequencyrangefc=5466Hz however,thedevicemustworkintherange4070Hz(bindtohydrogeneratorsrequirements)2. RateofChangeofFrequency(ROCOF)range3Hz/s however,thedevicemustworkupto6Hz/s.Thealgorithmsshouldremainstableupto25Hz/s.3. Outofbandfilteringofseriesdampedresonanceintherange2532Hz,(2.5%onvoltagemorethan10%oncurrent)4. Outofbandfilteringofparalleldampedresonanceintherange70100Hz(upto10%onvoltage)85. Outofbandfilteringofsubsynchronousparallelresonances{intherangefss =520Hz(5to25%)}6. Intermodulationrejection(duetocouplingoftransformersaturationandsubsynchronousparallelresonance)intherange:fi=fc fss andfi=fc 2fss(5%onthevoltage)7. Harmonicsrejection(5%for2ndto5thand2%from6thto10th)atthefundamentalandatoffsetfrequencies(5466Hz).6. ShouldexceedtherequirementsofC37.118.1forbothMandPclassaccuracy(thusprovidingawiderlinearityrangethanwhatisspecifiedinthestandard)9Uniquecapabilitytoidentifytheusersselectedharmonicswithinthemeasurementsamplingstream,(certainharmonicsarenormallyusedaskeydetectionpointsinanumberofapplications.Example:solarstorms).10PreparestheinformationwithinthecontextoftherequirementsoftheoverallcontrolobjectivesControlaspectmustbeplannedforhavingthecapabilityofperformingcontrollocallyorviacommunicationsMustbeabletoselectthecommunicationmediumandprotocols C37.118(withanydesiredframerateupto240) 61850905(forPMUdatatransmission) GOOSEmessaging(in/out)11Since2004,HydroQubechasbeenoperatingaPMUnetwork ConnectedtotheEMSforthepurposesofGICearlywarninginrealtime FrequencymeasurementforAGCbackupinputsignal UseddailyforSPSperformancereportingtoNERC PlaysamajorroleinblackoutforensicsNowbeingdeployed anewWAMSforallmajor735kVsubs(withdynamicshuntcompensators) UsingthelatestC38.118.1gradeofPMUs TogetherwithimprovedSPDC(SubstationPhasor DataConcentrator) Deployedmorespecificallyforwideareaandlocalvoltagecontroltoboostreactivepower12VisiondevelopedattheHydroQuebecResearch(IREQ) Equipall735kVwiththeadvancedPMUs EquipallwindfarmswithPMUs Thiswillallowrobustsynchrophasor analyticsfor:GridperformancemonitoringForensicsThegoalofthisapproach EvolvetowardswideareaSpecialProtectionSystems(SPS) Implementdampingcontrollerswhenitmakesgoodbusinesssense13GeoMagneticInducedCurrent(GIC)earlywarningAnalyticsfordecisionmakingrequirecertainkeyharmonicsWideareaSPSRemoteunderfrequencyloadsheddingRemoteundervoltageloadsheddingWiderangeofnewautomationapplications14PMUsprovideinformationtoallowimprovementoftransient&voltagestabilityThesystemswouldoperateat>240framespersecondAllowingforlocaldampeningofawidevarietyofoscillationmodesCapabilityforlocalandwideareacontrolcontributionofshuntcompensationtovoltagecontrol15SituationalawarenesswithinthedistributionenvironmentPowerislandingcontrolapplicationsUniquepossibilitiesdowntosinglephaseapplicationsControlwithinMicrogrids16Microgrids incorporatemultipletypesofpowergenerationWindturbines(variousoutputs)DieselGenerator(s)Batterystoragesystem(s)Solar,(PV,Thermal)17IncreasedapplicationsusingPMUinformationMonitoringAnalysisAlarmingandsituationalawarenessControlaspectpossibilitiesinmanyareas1819North America2284,delaProvinceStreetLongueuil(Qc)CanadaJ4G1G1T:+14506790003F:[email protected],MiddleEast475LouiseAvenue1050BrusselsT:+3226690735F:[email protected],Streetno.12Madhavanagar,RamachandrapuramHyderabad502032,IndiaT:+919848822724sales@vizimax.comwww.vizimax.comLatinAmericaAlamedaIt#1267,Conj.122Jardins,CEP01421001SoPauloSPBrazilT:+5511963076174F:[email protected].,.5,344. [email protected]