Picocell based telemedicine health servicefor human UX/UI

Roy C. Park & Hoill Jung & Kyungyong Chung & Kun-Ho Yoon

# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Abstract Telemedicine health created from the combination of IT and BT technologies hasreceived increased attention for improved quality of life in medically vulnerable regions. Asthe health care paradigm shifts to preventive management in diagnosis and treatment, theimportance of prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity is growing. In this paper, weproposed a picocell-based telemedicine health service for the human UX/UI based on a BT-ITfusion technology considering user convenience. The proposed medical service is a BT-ITfusion technology based on the telemedicine health service that can overcome the spatiallimitations of hospital-oriented medical services in order to improve user convenience whilenaturally combining life and medical service spaces. Human UX/UI technology, which isbased on sensor network and biomedical technology, requires next generation wireless com-munication between devices that connects the inside of the human body with the outside. Aheterogeneous network is composed within a single domain, as the frequency bandwidth usedby the medical device in the ISM bandwidth is different. If a wireless device and low outputISM device spatially access a heterogeneous network, then an interference problem will occurbetween the small cells. Additionally, there can be interference as the traffic is off-loaded fromthe base station at the grouped region of a hotspot. A fatal problem may occur due to an

Multimed Tools ApplDOI 10.1007/s11042-014-1964-8

R. C. Park (*)Samsun Company-Affiliated Research, Samsun Technology Research Co. Ltd., 1446-2, Juan 7-dong,Nam-gu, Incheon 402-207, South Koreae-mail: roypark.asap@gmail.com

H. JungIntelligent System Lab., School of Computer Information Engineering, Sangji University, 83, Sangjidae-gil,Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 220-702, South Koreae-mail: hijung1982@gmail.com

K. ChungSchool of Computer Information Engineering, Sangji University, 83, Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do220-702, South Koreae-mail: kyungyong.chung@gmail.com

K.<H. YoonDepartment of Endocrinology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine,222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Koreae-mail: yoonk@catholic.ac.kr

information error of the patient due to interference. To solve the interference problemgenerated by the telemedicine health platform, the performance of the picocell-based telemed-icine health service can be improved by applying scheduling using ABS(Almost BlankSubframe) in the time domain. Therefore, the human UX/UI and the provided guidelinescan quickly provide patient information, thereby increasing safety of patients.

Keywords u-Healthcare . Heterogeneous network . Telemedicine . HumanUX/UI . Picocell

1 Introduction

U-Health implies the use of medical services such as prevention, diagnosis, treatment, andfollow-up management based on BT-IT fusion technology. As a broader concept than con-ventional remote welfare service, U-Health includes the welfare medical service provided bywired and wireless IT infra and devices [11, 21]. A typical U-Health service includes mobilehealth management, online provision of health management, disease monitoring, and telemed-icine [9]. A wireless bionetwork is the core advanced technology in medical devices in thewelfare field. The objective of the wireless bionetwork, which is composed of autonomousmobile sensor nodes using a mutual communication wireless interface, is to monitor thephysiological variables of patients and then feedback the updated content to related peoplesuch as doctors, family members or guardians through an external computing device [4]. Thewireless bionetwork provides two important advantages relative to traditional medical services.Firstly, a wireless bionetwork is no longer limited to a smaller domain. Secondly, it is able toautomatically collect various information using different sensors without any direct confron-tation [18, 28]. Such a new paradigm provides various medical advantages. For example, thewireless bionetwork plays a role in detecting and monitoring a patient’s daily health statusregardless of location, after which it transmits this to a medical information center. It is able toprovide disease information and guidelines for doctors to quickly and precisely recognize theappeal of pain in patients with lifestyle diseases [17, 37]. Bio-signal monitoring is an importanttechnology of the telemedicine U-Health being applied to the next generation of IT fusiontechnology. In particular, it is capable of providing guidelines on patient health throughbiometric monitoring using smartware and detection of physiological changes. Furthermore,as a disease itself changes from an acute disease to a chronic one due to aging by industrialdevelopment, it is efficiently utilizable to people having a disease for a long period of time.Currently, in BT-IT fusion technology, the system recognizes a lifestyle or a physical conditionusing smartware. Consequently, the Human UI/IX service that provides the interaction be-tween the users is significantly emphasized [2, 3, 6, 20, 22].

In reality, various U-Health epuipments are being developed. However, the service range ofthe wireless bionetwork is not very wide since it is a small domain network with low output.On the other hand, to promote a disconnection-free U-Health service, updating should bepossible anytime and anywhere. This enables the guardian or the related person to provide thepatient’s previous history anytime regardless of location [30]. It is important to integrate thewireless human network with other external networks, such as cellular networks, WiFinetworks, and satellite networks in order to promote the telemedicine U-Health service.However, the wireless bionetwork has diverse features, and there are many assignments tosolve in a unified integrated domain since it is very different from other networks in terms ofapplications, architecture, and deploy density. The link connection, integrated network, andother independent variables should maintain Pear-to-Pear Quality of Service (QoS) [12].Despite technological development, a conventional external network does not satisfy the core

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functions of telemedicine. Quality fluctuations in cellular network service due to poor interiorreaching distance and edge cellular phone location are definitely problems that should befocused on. WiFi is not a reliable communication network, as it cannot support mobility. If apatient needs to transfer to a different location, especially an external hospital, it becomesdifficult to maintain the connection continuously, as WiFi has a small coverage [31, 38].Further WiFi is always exposed to the risk of interference, as it is operated in the commonindustry, science, medical service, medical Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band-width. Thus, the integrated access method for the wireless bionetwork with various externalnetworks plays an important role in the development of telemedicine U-Health using nextgeneration IT fusion technology. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a picocell-basedtelemedicine health service for the human UX/UI based on a BT-IT fusion technologyconsidering user convenience.

The LTE-Advanced picocell in a heterogeneous network is generally a short-range,compact-type cellular base station deployed in an interior environment in order to supplementpoor coverage [25]. Other than the capacity provided by the cellular system, picocell connectsa standard mobile device to a mobile service network using the conventional broadbandconnection of consumers, such as the digital subscriber line, cable modem, or optical fiber.The cellular network or broadband Internet connection is broadly deployed and covers almostall regions. Therefore, if the network has a self-organizing network that manages the overalloperation with an intelligent method, the integration of the wireless bionetwork with theheterogeneous network can satisfy the important requirements of telemedicine U-Health [14,19, 32, 40]. However, for hospitals and healthcare centers, mobility and interference must bemanaged since they use a femtocell or picocell with an ISM device. A new design is requiredto avoid the interference problems of the picocell within a network as well as between theheterogeneous devices, the user’s unbalance problems, and the handovers. Therefore, weproposed a schedule using ABS in the time domain in order to solve the interference andunbalance problems in a network.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes research related to the U-Health system for user convenience and BT-IT convergence based telemedicine. Section 3describes the picocell-based telemedicine health service for the human UX/UI. Section 4describes the scheduling using ABS (Almost Blank Subframe) for the interference mitigation.Conclusions are given in Section 5.

2 Related research

2.1 U-health system for user convenience

The U-Health system is a health management and medical service that can be used anytimeand anywhere based on wired and wireless networking technologies from the combination ofIT and medical welfare services. It measures bio-signal and health information after transmit-ting data to a medical institute through wired and wireless communications [34]. It is capableof remote management of a patient’s disease, and it supports health management. The wirelessbionetwork-based telemedicine U-Health should render efficient healthcare to increase anindividual’s QoL (Quality of Life) and QoC (Quality of Care) [1]. Its range of use and demandwill increase greatly, as it is able to screen a user’s condition without direct contact with adoctor and provide various health diagnoses based on the concerned user’s biometrics.Interaction between the device and body should be biologically feasible to prevent side oradverse effects. The QoS must be updated many times for proper diagnosis and prescription of

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the clinicians in the wireless bionetwork. In case an error occurs due to signal interference, afatal effect could threaten the patient’s life. Moreover, it has diverse negative damping effectson the wireless bio network, and the channel characteristic may vary depending on body sizeand posture. There may be data omitted with increased risk of data failure, as the wirelessbionetwork selects a low output sensor node with a large capacity and buffer size. Manage-ment that targets acute diseases and operation patients requires a real-time result. Therefore,wireless bionetwork-based telemedicine U-Health should be safely developed.

Overlay network is used to integrate wireless bionetworks and external networks. The overlaynetwork requires an end-to-end QoS for the wireless bionetwork that enables disconnection-freeconnection, disconnection-free roaming, self-optimization, self-deployment, and a diverse rangewhile not increasing complexity or decreasing performance [36]. Research to improve wirelessbionetworks is ongoing. ETRI develops physical access to wireless bionetworks, and a mediumaccesses control technology at various data speeds [15]. WBAN developed by ETRI enablesapplication services, including ECG, Pacemaker, and Wireless Capsule Endoscope. This providesa differentiated exercise prescription according to physical fitness based on the exercise heart rate,recovery rate, and calorie consumption by precisely measuring cardiovascular endurance using anECG-based wireless cardiotachometer. The mobile health project [39] sponsored by EC is devel-oping technology that can remove network interference to secure complete mobility of patients andenable remote medical services.MITmedia Lab has developedMIThril to have a perfect discerningeye on the human-machine interface. The PC integrated in MIThril contains a cutting-edgemicroprocessor, various network devices, equipment installed in the human body, and GPSfunctionality to trace the wearer’s location. Thus, it operates using sensors and peripheral devicesinstalled in the human body through a low power wireless network connected to the main PC [7].NASA is developing a wearable physiological monitoring system for astronauts called the Life-Guard system. LifeGuard is composed of sensors that can measure ECG and respiration. Themeasured bio-information and base station receives and analyzes thewireless bio-information, and ittargets users subjected to extreme circumstances such as astronauts, soldiers, emergency patients,and firefighters. The LOBIN project is developing technology that monitors physiological variablesand traces a patient’s location within the hospital. It consists of a physiological sensor andWearableData Acquisition Device (WDAD).WDADprocesses the data transmitted from the sensor and thentransmits the information through a wireless channel [24]. DP (Distribution Points) transmits thedata to a management low rank system through a wired gateway. It also provides mobile broadbanddata connectivity to an emergency remote medical service in an indoor environment. The wirelessbionetwork is integrated with the cellular network and the Internet through a femtocell, and itprovides a transmission of the emergency remote medical service media stream created in the sameregion with the multiplex multimedia link with the external network. However, in the case ofmapping the classification of the stream and the traffic with the QoS module of anothernetwork using a femtocell, the QoS demand of the wireless bionetwork cannot beadequately satisfied [27].

2.2 BT-IT convergence based telemedicine

Telemedicine refers to a remote medical service system in which hospitals and clinicians sharemedical information and technologies. It can be used anytime and anywhere using wired andwireless networking technology from the fusion of IT and welfare medical service. It measuresand analyzes bio-signal data after transmitting it to a medical organization through wired andwireless networks. Additionally, it enables efficient health management through feedback. Theremote medical system in the wired and wireless integrated environments deals with medicalinformation data [10] and refers to the remote medical service system in which hospitals and

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clinicians share medical information and technologies. Figure 1 shows the concept diagram ofthe telemedicine. A device that senses a patient’s information is important for the telemedicineservice in a ubiquitous environment. A remote medical service is impossible without reliablemedical devices that measure biometrics such as ECG, blood pressure, and pulse, or environ-mental information such as the patient’s location. The telemedicine middleware is able tominimize unnecessary information exchange between middleware by separating and managingservice-related situation information to the mobile node device when the node moves toanother service area. The Catholic Univ. of Korea Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital developed atelemedicine service built with ubiquitous type information delivery and a medical servicesystem for patients by integrating biosensor and communication technology. It increasedmedical utility and reduced medical costs by integrating U-Health care service into the currentmedical service system.

Fraunhofer of Germany1 has developed bio signal-sensing smart apparel that constantlymeasures the heart rate. Figure 2 shows the Sensave of Fraunhofer (www.fraunhofer.de). TheECG and pulse electrodes are manufactured with flexible silicon base, dry-type electrodes. Thedata collected through the silicon electrodes are analyzed by PDA and transmitted to a remotehealth-supporting center. Here, the doctor gives health-related advice to the patient and visitswhen necessary. With telemedicine using e-Char, COMMWELL diagnoses and remotelyanalyzes based on weight, blood pressure, body temperature, bio-signals, cardiac sound,pulmonary auscultation, oxygen saturation level, and video camera imaging [5].

EU SAFE21 supports emergency treatments through a location detection service bymeasuring the temperature, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation level, and ECGthrough the monitoring device, and it sends and detects the data through an emergency alarmdevice [8]. Matzushida Electric Industry’s eHII automatically measures the weight, body fat,and blood sugar in the toilet and checks health conditions from a charge doctor or professionalmedical institute connected to a network [26].

Fig. 1 Concept diagram of telemedicine

1 Fraunhofer, http://www.fraunhofer.de/

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Noom2 offers health services such as Noom weight, Cardio-Trainer, Calorific etc. Noomweight offers information you need every day and motivates you without forcing the recordingof information which is inconvenient to be entered with the application for weight loss. Also,Thryve reports weight loss graph and progress by allowing you to carry out appropriateamount of homework and diet secrets with individual diet plan that suits you and record foodintake, workout, weight change etc. Figure 3 shows weight management services of Noom.

The drawbacks of conventional telemedicine are based on the lack of connection between ahospital-linked medical service and the user-oriented feedback service. User affinity lacks due tothe development of a device/IT provider-oriented medical service rather than a clinician or user-oriented service. It does not reflect the requirements of hospital specialist clinicians, which are thecore of actual medical service feedback. Technical and institutional measures are insufficient toprevent exposure of personal medical information, as it provides an individual’s health history andbiometrics through wired and wireless communications. There are no precise guidelines onacquisition and transmission of information considering infringement of human rights [16].

3 Picocell-based telemedicine health service for human UX/UI

3.1 Heterogeneous network for human UX/UI

A heterogeneous network is a system in which a multiple number of wireless networkscoexists instead of a single wireless network. In other words, it is a system used by various

2 Noom weight, http://www.noom.com

Fig. 2 Sensave of Fraunhofer (www.fraunhofer.de)

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wireless network systems of wireless connection technologies such as LTE, WiFi, and WiMax[33]. A heterogeneous network system is utilized to compose a network with the device andthe human UX/UI in a ubiquitous environment. Figure 4 shows the composition of theheterogeneous network system for human UX/UI considering user convenience. Ratherpleasant service can be provided to more patients by increasing network performance usingvarious wireless networks. A cellular network such as LTE not only provides a wirelessconnection service anytime and anywhere, it also provides a high level mobility as it supportsa wide range of coverage. Due to this, the cellular network is in charge of providing the basicwireless connection between the patient and device. In contrast, wireless LAN, due to itsrelatively narrow coverage, provides high speed data service by being installed in hotspot formin major hospitals where patients receive the U-Health service through a wireless device.

Especially, it provides an improved service to the user by offloading the traffic of theconventional cellular network in the cell boundary of the cellular network or in a place wherepatients are extremely concentrated, and it prevents traffic from becoming extremely concen-trated in the cellular network. The user is able to provide a higher level QoS by selecting awireless network suitable to the given situation in the heterogeneous network. This has thebenefit of able to use the advantages of each wireless network [23]. A small cell base stationshould be used for a heterogeneous wireless network. Such a small cell base station includes

Fig. 3 Noom weight (www.noom.com)

Fig. 4 Heterogeneous network for human UX/UI considering user convenience

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picocell, femtocell, relay, and remote wireless equipment. Figure 5 shows the heterogeneousnetwork environment of the patient concentrated region in which the conventional macro cellbase station and small cell base station are mixed.

The transmission power and service radius for the small cell base station vary. Picocell, as abase station that services based on low power, has a core network such as a macro cell as wellas access to authority characteristics. Different from the macro cell with a direction, it is able toprovide intensified services to scores of patients centering on the base station. The serviceradius is within 300 m from the center of the patient concentrated region. The special feature ofthe picocell is that it is mainly provided to macro cell users both indoors and outdoors [32, 35].

3.2 Picocell-based telemedicine health service

Telemedicine health platform consists of telemedicine health service, telemedicine healthserver, telemedicine health device. Picocell, as a low output and low cost compact type BS,is usually deployed in interior environments to improve cellular network coverage. Picocell isoperated in an approved spectrum, and the human UX/UI environment of the telemedicinehealth service connects the device with the network of the service provider. Further, asubstantial part of the traffic of the patient concentrated region is offloaded with IP backhoesthrough picocell. On the other hand, the human UX/UI environment provides a smooth serviceusing the interior picocell in terms of patients. Figure 6 shows the Picocell applied to theHuman UX/UI.

Recently, there has been much ongoing research on the network mobile ad hoc networkfield using picocell in a heterogeneous network [14, 19, 20, 29, 32]. An automatic compositionnetwork enables automation of network operation through manual intervention or minimiza-tion of composition. Service quality has been improved by using the self-systemization andend-to-end methods in order to provide flexibility in an integrated network. Functions include

Fig. 5 Conventional macro cell base station and heterogeneous network of patient concentrated region

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classification and priority imposition, classification system development, and fault discovery.Thus, the human UX/UI with picocell applied is developed to compose the telemedicine healthservice. Figure 7 shows a picocell-based automatic composition network considering userconvenience. The automatic composition network of picocell for the telemedicine healthservice consists of the wireless bionetwork domain, picocell domain, and external domain.

The wireless bionetwork domain is a core medical network technology of next generationBT-IT fusion technology. It interacts with the human UX/UI device through bio-state recog-nition monitoring of the smartware base, which plays the role of a coordinator. The picocell

Fig. 6 Picocell applied to the Human UX/UI

Fig. 7 Picocell based automatic composition network considering user convenience

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domain receives updates from the human UX/UI device, which is the wireless bionetworkdomain. By using a wired or wireless interface, the patient’s information is delivered to the U-health center through the region gateway. The human UX/UI device plays the role of aninterface towards the macro BTS (existing station) and can be converted into a cellularoperator if failure occurs in the picocell domain. Macro BTS plays the role of a bridge betweenthe human UX/UI device and the U-health center. On the other hand, the U-health center isable to save the human UX/UI device data and enables monitoring of clinicians. Overall, thenetwork is set, and real-time communication is enabled for the family/guardian or doctoranytime and anywhere through the patient information database and U-health center. This isavailable in the overlay network, and it is logically composed of the U-Health network layer,the automatic composition network sub layer, and the application sub layer. The automaticcomposition network in the telemedicine health service is composed of a heterogeneousnetwork. Based on picocell, it is possible to construct increase excessive complexity andself-systemization link connection to maintain optimized communication between variousnetworks and full-fledge automaticity through end-to-end QoS without overall degradationof performance. Consequently, patients receiving a service in the telemedicine health platformare provided with optimum services, and patients can move freely within the picocell andmacro regions. That is, a disconnection-free handoff is possible from a macro cellular network.The automatic composition network allows reliable communication anytime for traffic checks,failure discovery, performance management, and QoS management. No interference takesplace in telemedicine due to the low intensity signal received from macro B and the ISM bandof WiFi. If failure occurs during moving, it is converted to the cellular operator.

4 Scheduling using ABS(almost blank subframe)

4.1 Scheduling using ABS for interference mitigation

An interference problem always takes place since the picocell already uses the spectrumassigned to its macro cell. The picocell interference problem may be solved if the picocellwould use an extra carrier frequency with a peripheral macro network. This is not an appropriateway of solving the interference problem, as this uses an inefficient resource. In particular,mobility management is required, as a large amount of picocell exists around the telemedicinehealth service. Scheduling an ABS (Almost Blank Subframe) is necessary to avoid thehandover between picocells. Therefore, we propose a schedule using ABS in the interferencedomain in order to solve the interference problem occurring in various small relays and the userunbalance problem. This is a method of making the cell of another network domain not transmitthe data of a part of the time interval of the picocell, but insteadmaking it transmit in the picocellonly. This interval of not being able to transmit is called ABS, and the interference from anothernetwork can be avoided by applying ABS when the picocell at the ABS-applied intervaltransmits. In other words, the proposed schedule maintains the load unbalance and theinterference between the wireless devices used by the patients of the picocell domain and othernetwork domains in the U-Health platform. This uses the selective subframe shown in eICIC(Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination) [13] based on interference, the load generatedat the conventional network, and the picocell as a normal subframe or an obligatory ABS. Theoffload between each cell will be implemented efficiently and leads to overall improvement ofperformance. For this, there should be basic muting cooperation between other networkdomains and the picocell, and information on various patients used in other network domainsshould be scheduled according to subframe types. Like Fig. 8, #a is reset according to the

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number of obligatory ABS (#m) at the start of each frame. The value of #a at each selectivesubframe is updated if the subframe is used as ABS, otherwise it is maintained as is. Figure 8shows the subframe of the basic macro cell used in the algorithm.

Figure 9 shows the psedo code of the proposed algorithm. The number of users within thepicocell domain is shown in Fig. 9, and there should be discrimination within the picocell inorder to classify the users within the coverage region as well as those in the extended region.

Furthermore, the scheduler should evaluate the ratio of the medical device located in thepicocell domain of the telemedicine health service, and it also should evaluate the ratio of thetelemedicine that belongs to another network within the platform. In case a stronger interfer-ence or load occurs in the conventional network domain, the selective subframe should be usedas a normal subframe. Otherwise, the selective subframe should be used as an obligatory ABS.

Fig. 8 Subframe of the basic macro cell

Fig. 9 Psedo code of the proposed algorithm

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Additionally, in this case, if the ratio of the normal frame within the telemedicine health serviceis greater than that of the conventional network domain, or the ratio of the obligatory ABSsubframe within the cluster is greater than the ratio of the picocell, then the selective subframewould be used as an ABS. If these two conditions are not satisfied, the selective subframewould be used as a normal subframe.

4.2 Discussion

This paper proposed a picocell-based telemedicine health service for the human UX/UI.Figure 10 shows the example of obesity management by telemedicine health service.

The method requires a secure bidirectional network and intelligent resource allocation.Additionally, the picocell-based telemedicine health service should consider networkaccess control and resource allocation. Firstly, open type access of restricted usersisolating the picocell domain as well as close type access should be allowed. Open typeaccess is stable while technically more difficult. In close type access, a part of the powerpenetrates the macro cell users and may be detected as interference. Further, supportingthe end-to-end QoS may pose a difficult problem as heterogeneous networks becomeintegrated. Although QoS has been detected in a wide scope of cellular and wirednetworks, the current wireless bionetwork does not support QoS very effectively. MajorQoS variables in the traditional network are delay, loss/error, and throughput. Meanwhile,data becomes an additional variable in a wireless bionetwork, and the level of usableenergy becomes another specific variable. Traffic is also classified differently in thewireless bionetwork and a priority should be imposed. Thus, the outcome of QoS is alsogreatly affected from the conditions of the broadband connection. A medical service thatis more convenient and smooth than conventional ones can utilize bio-state recognitionmonitoring with bio-signal smartware that supports the human UX/UI. Especially, a 50~60 % higher load than the conventional system can be solved when the proposedalgorithm is used in a high load traffic environment of the hospitals where ISMbandwidth medical devices are used.

Fig. 10 Example of obesity management by telemedicine health service

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5 Conclusions

After being diagnosed and treated by the telemedicine, the user can manage proper informationthrough a connection with the hospital medical information system. This allows efficient medicalcost reduction along with a healthy life. Furthermore, even after full recovery, the patient can takecare of his or her own health using the integrated and systematic healthcare service. Thus, thispaper has proposed a picocell-based telemedicine health service for human UX/UI. The internalstructure of the network forms a dispersal type structure to solve the interference problem thatoccurs when the hospital uses various wireless relays, and it is able to provide services through acombination of three domains. Thewireless bionetwork domain is able to interact with the humanUX/UI device through smartware-based bio-state recognition monitoring. The picocell domainplays the role of delivering information received from the human UX/UI device to the U-Healthcenter using a wired or wireless interface. Scheduling using ABS has been proposed to mitigatethe interference between heterogeneous devices that is likely to occur when delivering a patient’sinformation. This is a way of preventing devices belonging to other network domains fromtransmitting data when a signal is transmitted in the picocell according to the interference and loadgenerated between the existing picocell domain and other network domains. If ABS is applied,the interference from other network domains can be avoided when the picocell transmits in theinterval in which ABS is applied. Through this, there will not be any interference generated fromthe low intensity signal or ISM band from other network domains within the family/hospitalenvironment using the telemedicine health service.

In the future, a human’s emotion will be recognized based on the telemedicine health serviceand an emotion-based customized content service provided to the patient. Therefore, hugeadvancements are expected for the emotion fusion smart industry to improve emotion status,increase quality of life such as culture, welfare, and health, and increasemarket purchasing power.

Acknowledgments This research was supported by the R&D Program for Society of the National ResearchFoundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. 2013M3C8A2A02078523).

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Roy C. Park received the B.S. degrees from Dept. of Industry Engineering, and M.S. degrees from Dept. ofComputer Information Engineering, Sangji University, Korea, in 2008 and 2010. He is currently doctor coursestudent in the Dept. of Computer Information Engineering, Sangji University, Korea. Since 2010, He has been aresearcher at Samsun Company-affiliated Research, Samsun Technology Research Co. Ltd. His research interestsinclude WLAN system, Heterogeneous network, Radio Resource Management and Cooperative Communica-tion.

Hoill Jung has received B.S and M.S. degrees from the School of Computer Information Engineering, SangjiUniversity, Korea in 2010 and 2013, respectively. He is currently in the doctorate course of the School ofComputer Information Engineering, Sangji University, Korea. He has been a researcher at Intelligent SystemLab., Sangji University. His research interests include Medical Data Mining, Sensibility Engineering, KnowledgeSystem, and Recommendation.

Multimed Tools Appl

Kyungyong Chung has received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in 2000, 2002, and 2005, respectively, all fromthe Department of Computer Information Engineering, Inha University, Korea. He has worked for SoftwareTechnology Leading Department, Korea IT Industry Promotion Agency (KIPA). He is currently a professor inthe School of Computer Information Engineering, Sangji University, Korea. His research interests includeMedical Data Mining, Healthcare, Knowledge System, HCI, and Recommendation.

Kun-Ho Yoon graduated with his medical degree and also pursued his Ph.D. program at the Catholic UniversityMedical College. Prof. Yoon also completed a 2-year stint as a visiting scholar with the cell biology and islettransplantation section in Joslin Diabetes Center of Harvard Medical School, US at 1996–1998. He is currently aprofessor in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Medical Information at theCatholic University of the korea. His research has been focused on the beta-cell biology and improved diabetespatients care using the mobile and internet platform.

Multimed Tools Appl