piping inspection ไทย

Doc. No.: TD-570A-03 Page 1 of 78 Revision: 0

API 570 (Piping Inspection Code) Issue Date: 10/6/2007

API 570 Piping Inspection () 1 78

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1.1 (General Application) 51.1.1 (Coverage) 51.1.2 51.1.3 5

1.2 (Specific Applications) 61.2.1 API 570 61.2.2 API 570 6

1.3 Fitness-For-Service (FFS) 8

4.1 (General) 184.2 API (API Authorized Piping Inspector

Qualification and Certification) 184.3 (Responsibilities) 18

4.3.1 / (Owner/User) 184.3.2 Piping Engineer 204.3.3 (Repair Organization) 204.3.4 Authorized Piping Inspector 204.3.5 20

5.1 Risk Base Inspection 215.2 225.3 (Corrosion) (Crack) 22

5.3.1 Injection points 235.3.2 Deadlegs 245.3.3 Corrosion under insulation (CUI) 245.3.4 (Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces) 265.3.5 localized corrosion 26

1 (Scope) 5

2 (References) 93 (Definitions) 94 / (Owner/User Inspection Organization) 18

5 (Inspection and Testing Practices) 21




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5.3.6 (Erosion) / (corrosion/erosion) 275.3.7 Environmental cracking 285.3.8 (lining) 295.3.9 Fatigue cracking 305.3.10 Creep cracking 315.3.11 Brittle fracture () 325.3.12 Freeze damage 32

5.4 (Types of Inspection and Surveillance) 335.4.1 (Internal visual inspection) 335.4.2 (Thickness measurement inspection) 335.4.3 (External Visual Inspection) 345.4.4 (Vibrating piping inspection) 355.4.5 (Supplemental inspection) 36

5.5 (Thickness Measurement Locations TML) 365.5.1 (General) 365.5.2 TML (TML Monitoring) 365.5.3 TML (TML Selection) 37

5.6 (Thickness Measurement Methods) 395.7 (Pressure Testing of Piping Systems) 405.8 (Material Verification and

Traceability) 425.9 (Inspection of Valves) 435.10 (Inspection of Welds In-Service) 445.11 (Inspection of Flanged Joints) 46

6.1 486.2 Piping Service Classes 49

6.2.1 Class 1 496.2.2 Class 2 506.2.3 Class 3 50

6.3 506.4 CUI 52

6 (Frequency and Extent of Inspection) 48




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6.6.1 (Small bore piping, SBP) 54

6.5 546.6 (Small-bore) (Auxiliary piping)

54

6.6.2 (auxiliary piping) 556.6.3 (threaded connections) 55

7.1 (Corrosion Rate) 577.1.1 (Remaining Life) 577.1.2 587.1.3 58

7.2 (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 59

7.3 597.4 607.5 Piping Stress Analysis 617.6 62

8.1.1 (Repair) (Alteration) 648.1.2 (Authorization) 648.1.3 (Approval) 648.1.4 () 658.1.5 (Repair) () 66

8.2 Hot Tapping 678.2.1 (Procedure), (Qualification) (Record) 678.2.2 Preheat Postweld heat treatment 678.2.3 Design 698.2.4 698.2.5 (NDT) 708.2.6 Pressure Testing 70

7 (Inspection Data Evaluation, Analysis, and Recording) 57

8 (Repair, (Alteration) (Rerating) (Repairs, Alterations, and Rerating of Piping Systems) 64




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8.3 (Rerating) 71

9.1 (Types and Methods of Inspection) 729 (Inspection of Buried Piping) 72

9.1.1 (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance) 729.1.2 (Close-Interval Potential Survey) 729.1.3 Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) 739.1.4 (Soil Resistivity) 739.1.5 Cathodic (Cathodic Protection Monitoring) 739.1.6 (Inspection Methods) 74

9.2 759.2.1 (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance) 759.2.2 (Pipe-to-Soil Potential Survey) 759.2.3 Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) 759.2.4 (Soil Corrosivity) 759.2.5 Cathodic (Cathodic Protection) 769.2.6 (External and Internal Inspection Intervals) 769.2.7 (Leak Testing Intervals) 77

9.3 779.3.1 Coating (Repairs to Coatings) 779.3.2 Clamp (Clamp Repairs) 789.3.3 (Welded Repairs) 78

9.4 78




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1 1.1

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(Scope) (General Application)

1.1.1 (Coverage) API 570

(Inspection) (Repair) (Alteration) (Rerating)

(In-service)

1.1.2 API 570

API 570 (AIA - Authorized Inspection Agency) (Repair Organization) Piping Engineers, (Inspectors),

(Examiners) 3 (Definitions) 1.1.3

API 570 (Original Construction) API 570 API 570




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(Specific Applications) 1.2.1 API 570

( 1.2.2) API 570 (Process Fluids) (Hydrocarbons) (Similar Flammable Toxic Fluid Service)

a. , (Raw, intermediate, and

finished petroleum products) b. , (Raw, intermediate, and finished

chemical products) c. (Catalyst lines) d. (Hydrogen), (Natural Gas), (Fuel Gas),

(Flare) e. (Sour Water)

(Hazardous waste streams above threshold limits) f. (Hazardous chemicals above threshold

limits) 1.2.2 API 570

API 570 API 570 / (Owner/User)

API 570 1. (Hazardous fluid services

below threshold limits waste) 2.

() (Steam) (Steam Condensate) (Boiler Feed Water)




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Category D ASME B31.3 API 570 1.

(Truck) (Ship) (Barge) (Other mobile equipment)

2. (Rotating or Reciprocating mechanical device) Stress

(Pump) (Compressor) (Turbine) (Generater) (Engine) (Hydraulic or Pneumatic)

(Piping/Tubing) (Fired Heater) (B3. oiler) Tube eader Tube H Return Bend sover External Cros

4. Manifold

(Pressure Vessel) (Heater / Furnace) (Heat Exchanger) ()

5. (Internal Piping)

(Plumbing) Sewer) (Sanitary ess Waste Sewer) (Proc




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6.

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: OD NPS 7.

(Nonmetallic Piping) (Polymer) ss-lined)

1.3 Fitnes (Gla

s-For-Service (FFS) ess-For-Service (FFS) API 570 Fitn

API RP 579 API 570




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(References)

3 Code API 570

(Definitions) API 570

3.1 alteration: (physical change) (Flexibility)

alteration Branch (Reinforce) Branch (Reinforce)

Branch (Reinforce) 3.2 applicable code:

Code, Code,

/ (Owner/User) Piping Engineer

ASME B31.3 3.3 ASME B31.3:

ASME B31.3, Process Piping, ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME B31.3 ASME B31.3

, Rerating, Alteration

Piping engineer Inspector API 570 ASME

B31.3




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PWHT

API 570 ASME B31.3 (principles of ASME B31.3)

3.4 ASME B31.3 (in accordance with ASME B31.3)

authorized inspection agency:

/ (Owner/User)

(Independent Inspection Organization) / (Owner/User) / (Owner/User)

3.5 auth

(Independent Inspection Organization) / (Owner/User) orized piping inspector:

ion agency API ized inspect570.

author

tor

(nondestructive (NDE) examiner) authorized piping inspec

3.6 piping:

Inspector API 570 authorized piping inspector auxiliary

econdary process) (primary piping).

(Instrument) (machinery) (s

flush lines seal oil line

analyzer line balance line




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ine buffer gas l nt 3.7 i ves:

drain vecrit cal check val

3.8 CUI: (Corrosion Under Insulation) on cracking stress corrosi

3.9 deadlegs:

blanked branches line block valves line pressurized dummy support legs ontrol valve bypass c

(level bridles)

relief valve (inlet) outlet) (

Line bypass Vent Drain le points) (samp (bleeders)

3.10 /

(defect):

3.11 design temperature of a piping system component: Rating ode design temperature ASME B31.3 C esign temperatures d design temperature

3.12

(examiner):




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r NDT API 570 ( / (Owner/User))

Inspecto

Examiner Inspector API570 / (Owner/User)

examiner / (Owner/User) SNT-TC-1A CP-189 ng Inspector certification AWS - Weldi

aminer examiner inspector

3

ex

3.1 hold point: (Repair) (Alteration)

43.1 imperfections:

53.1 indication:

t: 3.16 injection poin

Injection point 2 Tee Injection point

Chlorine in reformers water injection in overhead systems polysulfide injection in catalytic cracking

wet gas

antifoam injections inhibitors neutralizers

3.17 in-service:




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3.18

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inspector: (authorized piping inspector) API 570 93.1 jurisdiction: 03.2 level bridle: Vessel 1 AWP): 3.2 maximum allowable working pressure:(M

() () design pressure ASME B31.3 Code

3.22 mixing tee:

3 2

3.2 MT: Magnetic Particle Testing 4

3.2 NDE: Nondestructive examination

. 53.2 NPS: Nominal pipe size

3.26 on-stream: (process fluid)

3.27 owner/user: (I/ (Operation) (Engineering)

(Alteration) (Testing) Rerating

spector:

nspection) (Repair)

3.28 owner/user in authorized inspector / (Owner/User)

Section 4 Appendix A API 570 API




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() 93.2 PT: Liquid Penetrant testing

3.30 pipe:

(Pipe)

be tubing) (Pipe) circuit:

(tu3.31 piping

(Piping Circuit)

piping circuit Inspector

piping engineer: 3.32 er/User)]

ec

1 / [/ (Own

hanical Material Characteristic) (M

piping engineer ()

3.33 piping system:

charge) (meter) (control) (snub fluid

(Convey) (distribute) (mix) (separate) (disflow)

ort piping:

Pipe Supp3.34 primary process

NPS 2




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3.3 PWHT: postweld heat treatment 63.3 renewal:

7

3.3 repair:

Rerating Rerating (Design Temperature) (Design Pressure)

(Alteration)

8 (Repair)

3.3 repair organization: :

/ (Owner/User) (Repair) (Alter) API 570 / (Owner/User)

lter) API 570 (Repair) (A (Repair) API 570

3.39 rerating: (Design Temperature)

aximum Allowable Working Pressure) (M Rerating 2 Derating

(Corrosion Allowance) 03.4 secondary process piping: closed block valve 1 ( NPS 2)

3.4 small-bore piping (SBP):

3.42 NPS 2 soil-to-air (S/A) interface:




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sture)

erating temperature) (moi (op

12 6 33.4 spool:

3.44 2 Flange Fitting Union temper embrittlement:

ch toughness) 2 Cr

(ductility) (not(Susceptible low-alloy steels) 1 Cr and

[700F 1070F (370C 575C)]. 53.4 temporary repairs: ()

3.46 (permanent repair) ( Inspector Piping Engineer test point:

10 (250 ) : 2 (50 ) 10 (250 ) : 3 (75 )

Test Point Test Point

3.47 thickness m thickness measurement location easurement locations (TMLs):

3.48 M

F T: Wet fluorescent magnetic-particle testing W

9

3.4 alloy material: (chromium) (nickel)

rrosion resistance)

() (molybdenum) (mechanical r physical propertie) (co

3.50 material verification program:




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(metallic alloy material) () /

(owner/user)

(alloy material testing) (physical component marking) (program record-keeping)

positive material identification (PMI) testing: 3.51 (physical)

/ (owner/user)

3.52

fitness-for-service assessment:

3.53 industry-qualified UT shear wave examiner:

(ultrasonic shear wave) API / (owner/user)

3.54 off-site piping: (plot (battery) limits of process units)

Hydrocracker Ethylene cracker

Crude unit.

off-site piping Tank Farm (process units) 3.55 on-site piping:

(plot (battery) limits of process units) Hydrocracker er Ethylene crack Crude unit.




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/ (Owner/User Inspection Organization) 4.1

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4 (General)

/ (owner/user)

Authorized Inspection Agency API 570 / (Owner/User) Rerating (Repair) (Alteration)

4.2 API (API Authorized Piping Inspector Qualification and Certification)

Authorized piping inspector Appendix A API 570

Authorized piping inspector API (American Petroleum Institute) Appendix A API 570

Inspector API 570 Authorized Piping Inspector 4.3 (Responsibilities) 4.3.1 / (Owner/User)

/ (Owner/User) (Developing) (Documenting) (Implementing) (Executing) (Assessing)

API 570 (Quality

Assurance Inspection Manual or Written Procedures)




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a. reporting structure for inspection personnel)

(Corrective action for inspection and test result) (Quality Assurance Inspection Manual)

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/ (Organization and

b. c. d. e. (Internal Audit)

f. (Drawing) (Design Calculation) Rerating (Specifications for Repairs, Alterations, and

Rerating) g. (Inspection) (Repair) (Alteration) Rerating

(Authorized Piping Inspector)

(Inspection Base)

(qualified) (Alteration)

ASME Code (Repair) pector

h.

i.

Tool) (Technique) (Technical Knowledge j.

(Repair) k. (qualified)

l. (Alteration)

m

.

n. Ins / (Owner/User)

o. Pressure-relieving device




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4.3.2

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Piping Engineer pip (Owner/User) ing engineer / g review)

I 570 4.3.3

(Design) (Engineerin(Analysis) AP (Repair Organization)

(Repair Organization) / (Owner/User) aterial) (Equipment) (Quality Control)

API 570 4.3.4 A o

(Workmanship)

(M

uth rized Piping Inspector

piping i (inspection) (repair) (alteration) API-authorized

nspector / (owner/user) API 570

Piping Inspector

aut 3.12 API-

horized piping inspectors

4.3.5 API-authorized piping inspector .

inspector piping engineer




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(Inspection and Testing Practices)

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5 5.1 Risk Base Inspection

R

isk Base Inspection (RBI) : 1. 2. R BI 1

ogen Crack SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking)

3 4

a.

Corrosion Program)

.

2. Crack Hydr

. , Corrosion, Creep

.

b. (Piping Circuit) c. d. Code/Standard e. f. (QA/QC

5. , () 12. 3. 4. 5.

.

RBI




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1. 2. Blind 3. Blind , Inspector Work Permit Inspector PPE T ND Insp ector Insp API 570 ( Section 8 API RP 574

5.3 (Crack)

ector ) (Corrosion)

/ Injection points Deadlegs Corrosion under insulation (CUI) Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces Service specific and localized corrosion Erosion and corrosion/erosion Environmental cracking Corrosion beneath linings and deposits Fatigue cracking Creep cracking Brittle fracture




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Freeze damage

5.3. IRE Chapter II Section 6 API RP 574 1 Injection points Injection points injection point circuit

(Upstream limit) injection point circuit 12 (300 .) 3 NPS

(Downstream limit) injection point circuit (7.6 .) 2 25

5-1 (Thickness Measurement Location - TML)

TML fitting TML TML TML (Upstream limit) (Downstream limit) injection point circuit

TML injection point RT / UT UT Scan 100% Spool Visual injection nozzle

injection nozzle 10 NPS 12 injection point TML injection point circuit




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5.3 D

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.2 eadlegs corrosion rate deadlegs (active piping)

Inspector deadlegs (active line) deadleg

5.3. nder insulation (CUI) deadlegs 3 Corrosion u Insulation

CU

Insulation Insulation (corrosion under insulation (CUI))

I , , , CUI

(carbon steel) (localized corrosion) (austenitic stainless steel) chloride stress corrosion cracking

CUI CUI

5.3.3.1 Insulated Piping Systems Susceptible to CUI CUI

cooling tower Vent Steam , , (Carbon steel) () 25F250F(4C120C) CUI

(Carbon steel) 250F (120C)




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deadleg ng temperature) (active line) (operati

(austenitic stainless steel) 150F400F (65C204C). chloride stress corrosion cracking

(Vibrating) (insulation jacketing)

(steam

) Tubing

5.3.3.2 CUI

5.3.3.1 CUI

Branches (insulation jacketing)

pports

1. Deadlegs (vents, drains, ) 2. Pipe hangers su3. (Valves and fittings) 4. Bolted pipe shoes 5. Steam tracer tubing (insulation) flanges (insulation jacket) (insulation jacket)

(insulation) Caulking , (insulation jacket) (insulation) Support (insulation) (high-alloy) Carbon low-alloy steel Flange bolting

(insulation)




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(Seal)

5.3.4

(Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces) (Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces) cathodic protection

(schedule)

(coating) (bare pipe) (pit)

(S/A interfaces)

(S/A interfaces) (coating) (wrapping)

Section 9 (wrapping) cathodic protection () (coating)

(150 ) 12 (300 (coat) (grade) 6 )

crete-to-air interfaces) (asphalt-to-air interfaces) seal)

(con cathodic protection Inspector (caulking

5.3.5

10

localized corrosion 3 localized corrosion TML

Corrosion Inspector (NDT)




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(corrosion rates)

(operator)

localized corrosion Downstream injection points upstream product separators hydroprocess

reactor effluent lines Dew-point corrosion condensing streams overhead fractionation Process

postweld heat treatment (Ammonium salt condensation)

(turbulent) (, ) (Mixed-phase)

hot oil (hot corrosive oil service) 450F (230C) (sulfur content) 0.5% )

d A-106 non silicon killed A-53 and API 5L silicon kille Coke catalytic reformer regeneration systems Hot-spot

5.3.6 (corrosion/erosion) (corrosion) stress corrosion cracking (SCC) Hot-spot

(Erosion) / (Erosion)

n) (groove) (rounded hole) (wave) (Erosio(valley)

(Erosion) (turbulent flow) (downstream of control valve)




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(corrosion/erosion) (corrosion) (erosion)

(corrosion/erosion)

m of control valve) (downstrea (Downstream of orifices) (Downstream of pump discharges) (elbow) , (thermowell), (flange) ammonium hydrosulfide sulfuric acid

di (eddy current) 5.3.7 n

(corrosion/erosion) NDT UT

ographic profile)

(raE vironmental cracking

stress corrosion cracking (SCC)

environmental cracking CUI

environmental cracking : Chloride SCC austenitic stainless steels (insulation) (deposit) (gasket) (crevice)

Polythionic acid SCC austenitic alloy steels SCC (sulfide)

Caustic SCC ( caustic embrittlement). Amine SCC (stress relieved).




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Carbonate SCC. SCC (hydrogen sulfide) Hydrogen blistering hydrogen induced cracking (HIC).

(inspector)

(inspector) environmental cracking

(PT), (WFMT) (UT)

environmental cracking pressure vessels (inspector) environmental cracking pressure vessels

5.3.8

environmental cracking turnaround turnaround (lining)

Coating refractory linings corrosion-resistant linings

osion-resistant linings lining (break) corr(hole)

lining (separation) (break) (hole) (blister)

lining lining lining




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(ultrasonic inspection - (separation) (hole)

lining UT) (blister)

(spill) (crack) (Refractory lining) (in-service)

(Refractory lining) (separation) (bulging) (Refractory)

(Refractory (Refractory)

(bulging) (separation) lining)

UTM) (ultrasonic thickness measurements -

(deposit) (coke) (deposit) (corrosion)

(deposit) )

5.3.9

spool (NDT (radiography) Fatigue cracking

cyclic stresses yieldFatigue cracking strength

(thermal) (high-cycle fatigue)

cyclic stresses (pressure) (mechanical) fatigue (low-cycle fatigue)

fatigue (low-cycle fatigue) (heat-up) (cool-down)

(machine) (flow-fatigue (high-cycle fatigue)

(vibration) (induced))

7.5 5.4.4

stress (branch connection)




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thermal fatigue

tigue (threaded connection) 6.6.3 fa (NDT) fatigue cracking

(liquid penetrant testing PT) (magnetic particle testing MT) Acoustic Emission (AE) (crack) (crack) (test pressure) stress

(NDT)

/ (owner/user) (inspector) fatigue cracking

fatigue cycle (crack) (fewer cycle) (crack)

5.3.1

fatigue cracking 0 Creep cracking

Creep 3 (time) (temperature) (stress)

(design condition) allowable stress piping Creep cracking code creep range

c (Cracking) reep fatigue creep range cyclic

(inspector) stress (mechanical property) (microstructural)

3 [ (time), (temperature), (stress)] creep 3 creep cracking

1 Cr (P-No. 4) 900F (480C)




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(NDT) creep cracking (liquid penetrant testing PT) (magnetic particle testing MT) (ultrasonic testing UT) (radiographic testing RT) ) metallography ( Acoustic Emission (AE) (crack)

5.3.1 ) (test pressure) stress

1 Brittle fracture ( (ferritic steel) (Carbon steel) (low-alloy steel) brittle failure

Brittlefracture () tress level) (particular s

(hydrotest) (overload)

(critical defect) Brittlefracture ()

(rehydrotesting) (pneumatic) load

(low-alloy steel) 2 Cr-1 Mo (P-No. 5A 5C)

brittlement temper em ferritic stainless steel

brittle fracture. 5.3.12 r

API RP 579, Section 3 F eeze damage




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deadleg dripleg

5.4 (Types of Inspection and Surveillance) ( Section 6 )

(Internal visual inspection) n) (Thickness measurement inspectio (External visual inspection) (Vibrating piping inspection)

5.4.1 (Supplemental inspection)

(Internal visual inspection) (Internal visual inspection) , , (catalyst line)

(method) PI 510

Pressure Vessel (procedure) A

(Remote visual inspection)

flange) ( (NDT)

5.4.2

(Thickness measurement inspection)

(Thickness measurement inspection)

(inspector) (examiner)




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5.4.3

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(External Visual Inspection) ternal Visual Inspection) (Ex

(insulation system) (painting) (coating systems) (associated hardware)

(misalignment) (vibration) (leakage)

(corrosion product) pipe support

(external piping inspection)

(external inspection) API RP 574 (external piping inspection) (checklist) API 570 Appendix D

piping hangers supports (external inspection)

hanger (crack) (break) spring support (bottoming out) support shoe support

support dummy dummy dummy

support dummy

expansion joints Bellow (misalignment)




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(inspector) (field modifications or temporary repair) (piping drawing) /

(inspector) (flange) clamp (flexible hoses) (valve) specification

(periodic external inspection) 6.4

(inspector) (external

ctor) inspection) (inspe

inspection) API 570 (qualify)

(external piping

(deterioration)

(inspector)

(external inspection)

oration) Appendix D API 570 Section 6.3 API

5.4.4 (Vibrating piping inspection)

(deteriRP 574

(vibrating) (swaying) (engineering) (inspection)

(liquidhammer)

fatigue cracking

(magnetic particle testing MT) sting PT) (liquid penetrant te




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5.4.5

(Branch connection) (Supplemental inspection)

(radiography) / (thermography)

(thermography) hot spot (refractory) environmental cracking

Acoustic emission, acoustic leak detection, (thermography) (remote leak detection)

(Ultrasonic) (radiography)

5.5.1

localized corrosion

5.5 (Thickness Measurement Locations TML) (General)

(Thickness Measurement Locations TML) (piping circuit)

TML localized corrosion

5.5.2

TML 5.3 TML (TML Monitoring)

TML TML ( 6.3)

(corrosion rate) localized corrosion

it TML piping circu TML

(olefin plant cold side piping) anhydrous ammonia (high-alloy)




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TML (corrosion) TML UT (radiography) (Electromagnetic technique) UT (radiography)

(ultrasonic) TML

(test point)

(corrosion rate) (remaining life) (next inspection date)

Section 7 ting)

e / (corrosion/erosion) 4 (fit (elbow) te (corrosion rate)

TML , (S/A interfaces) CUI localized corrosion general corrosion uniform corrosion

TML (drawing)

5.5.3 (corrosion rate)

TML (TML Selection) TML (inspector)

(corrosion) ( refining)

( corrosion) (petrochemical) piping circuit

high-temperature sulfur corrosion sour water corrosion




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/(corrosion/erosion) (elbow) (tee)

TML (localized metal loss)

TML TML TML

(inspector)

TML a. (safety)

(corrosion rate)

(environmental) b. c. (localized corrosion) d.

fitting branche deadleg injection points

e. CUI ()

TML a. (safety)

(environmental) b. c.

TML a. (safety)

(environmental)




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b

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. (corrosion)

5.6 (Thickness Measurement Methods) (Ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument) NPS 1

(Radiographic profile technique) NPS 1 (Radiographic profile technique) (nonuniform or localized corrosion)

CUI

(Radiographic profile technique) (nonuniform) (remaining

thickness) (minimum required thickness)

(Radiography) scanning)

(ultrasonic

eddy current 150F (65C) ,

(couplant) temperature correction factor (inspector)

(NDT)

b. ing) (scale) a.

(coat




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c. d. (rocking of the probe) e. (lamination) f. [150F (65C)]

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g. (Small flaw detector screen) h. 1/8 (3.2 mm)

(nonuniform) orrosion rate) (c

(caliper)

(caliper) (casting), (forging) valve body

(pit) CUI (localized metal loss)

5.7 g Systems) (Pressure Testing of Pipin (Pressure test)

8.2.6 (Pressure test) (repair), (alteration), (rerating)

(United States Coast

Guard) () (alteration) (inspector) piping engineer

(Pressure test) ASMEB31.3 I RP (Pressure test) AP

574 API RP 579 (Lower pressure test) / (owner/user)




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()

(flash point) 120F (49C)

300 (300 series stainless steel) (hydrotest) potable water steam condensate

potable water U.S. practice (chloride) ) (sanitized with chlorine or ozone)

250 (parts per million ppm

( vent )

icrobiologically induced corrosion) (pitting) (m

pH (>10) (inhibitor)

austenitic stainless steel polythionic stress corrosion cracking ( NACE RP0170)

(pressure test) (thermal expansion)

(heat treatment)

(pressure test)

(pressure test)




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(pres (pneumatic pressure test)

sure test)

(pneumatic pressure test) ASME B31.3

(pressure test) (safety valve)

(blank) (blank)

gage glasses pressure gages expansion joints rupture disks

expansion joint ASME B31.3

pressure ASME B16.34

block valve (pressure test) seat

(pressure test) pressure relief devices (pressure test)

5.8

(Material Verification and Traceability) (alteration) ()

(repair)

(inspector) (verify) rification program) API RP 578 (material ve r)

/ (owner/use100% PMI




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HS

PMI (inspector) (examiner) API RP 578

(inspector)

(verification)

(verification) (consequence) (likelihood)

/ (owner/user) API RP 578

material verification program) API RP 578

piping circuit (

( API RP 578) PMI

PMI Section 6 API RP 578

/ (owner/user) (authorized piping inspector) [ (corrosion specialist)]

(authorized piping inspector) (NDT)

5.9 (Inspection of Valves) (valve) (piping circuit)

(body of a valve) shop (inspector)

(body of a valve) (steep temperature cycling) catalytic reforming unit regeneration and steam cleaning thermal fatigue cracking

(corrosion/erosion) (high turbulence)

(gate valve) / seat

(high stress)




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HS

/ (corrosion/erosion) (dow e e

(control valve) (throttling valve) nstr am) orific

(metal loss)

(metal loss) mating flange piping (downstream)

(pressure test) (body of valve) (pressure test) API Std 598

(critical check valve) (visual)

(critical check valve) multistage high head hydroprocessing charge pump

(check valve) (over pressure)

a. (flapper) b. (flapper)

(flapper) c. nut (flapper) bolt

(critical check valve) 0

(leak check) 5.1 (Inspection of Welds In-Service)

(new construction) (repair) (alteration)

(radiographic profile) (internal inspection)

(corrosion) (corrosion) circuit

(radiographic profile)




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HS

(crack-like imperfection) (radiography) / (ultrasonic) (imperfection)

(crack-like imperfection) environmental cracking

Environmental cracking piping engineer (inspection) /

(imperfection) (engineering analysis)

(piping integrity)

a. (Inspector) b. (welding Inspector) c.d. (Engineering fitness-for-service analysis) Piping engineer

b. c.

load [ (mechanical) (thermal)]

mental cracking

a.

,

d. e. secondary piping stresses [ (residual) (thermal] f. fatigue g. primary secondary (primary or secondary piping system) h. (for impact or transient loads) i. environj.

(radiography) (random) (spot) ASME B31.3

( )




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HS

(hydrotest)

connection) (small branch

(UT

a.

/ (owner/user) shear wave) / (owner/user)

b. , /

(UT shear wave)

(fitness-for-service)

wave) (UT shear API 570

2001 2003) 5.11 (Inspection of Flanged Joints)

bolt/nut & gasket specification Marking Marking ASME ASTM

bolt/ nut bolt nut 2

bolt nut () bolt nut 1

arking

(flange) m

Bolt (corrosion) /nut (Flange) valve bonnet (Flange) valve bonnet

(stain) (deposit)




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HS

(drip) bolt/nut (corrosion) environmental

cracking

Sealant bolt (Flange) clamp (Flange) Clamp bolt/nut Clamp

(caustic cracking) (corrode) (crack) Sealant bolt/nut clamp

bolt/nut (instrument) /

(flange) API RP 574




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6.1

HS

6 (Frequency and Extent of Inspection)

5.3 6.2 5.1 risk-based inspection

6.2 / (owner/user)

(explosion) (fire) (toxicity) (environmental impact)

a. , ,

b. c. (pressure testing)

d.

RBI 6-1

RBI 6-2

RBI 6-1




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HS

6-1

RBI piping engineer authorized piping inspector

6.2 Piping Service Classes Class

(classification system) (highest potential consequences)

Class

Class / (Process piping)

Class API Recommended Practice 750 NFPA 704 Class

Class 3 6.2.1 6.2.3 6.2.1 Class 1

Class 1

Class 1 a. (Flammable services) (auto-refrigerate)

(brittle fracture) b. (pressurized services)

C2, C3 C4 1 (atmospheric

boiling temperature) 50F (10C) c. (Hydrogen Sulfide) 3% d. (Anhydrous hydrogen chloride) e. Hydrofluoric acid () f. ( Department of

Transportation (DOT) US Coast Guard Regulation )




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6.2.2 Class 2

HS

Class Class 2

Class (process piping) (Off-site piping)

Class

c. (on-site strong acid caustics) .3

a. (On-site hydrocarbons)

(flash point) b. (hydrogen), (fuel gas) (natural gas)

6.2 Class 3

(flammable) Class 3 Class

a.

(flash point)

6.3

Class 3 (On-site hydrocarbons)

b. (distillate and product lines) (Storage) (loading)

c. (off-site acid caustics)

a. (remaining life)

(Corrosion rate)

b. Class c. d.

(Inspector) piping engineer piping engineer supervisor (corrosion specialist), , , 5.4.5




onor ervice

HS

/ (owner/user) Inspector 5.4.5

- (remaining life)

7.(corrosion rates) 1.1 6-1 (corrosion rates) 7.1.3

6.1 : (recommended maximum inspection interval)

Class (Type of Circuit) (Thickness Measurements)

(Visual External)

Class 1 5 5 Class 2 10 5 Class 3 10 10

Injection Point(a) 3 Class (b) - Class (Soil-to-air interfaces)

N 5.5 (inspection interval)

ote : (TML) (a) 5.3.1

risk-based inspection API RP 580 (b) 5.3.4 6-1 (corrosion rates) 7.1.3

interval

6-1 (recommended maximum inspection ) 3 Class 6.2

injection point (S/A interfaces)




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HS

(inspection interval)

(inspection interval)

(General Corrosion) (Localized Corrosion) Pitting Environment cracking

CU6.4 I

6-1 Appendix D

(external visual inspection) - CUI (Corrosion Under Insulation)

(external visual inspection) RBI API RP 580

(external visual inspection) ) (coating)

(bare pipe - (external corrosion)

(external visual inspection) CUI (Corrosion

Under Insulation) (insulation) CUI 5.3.3.1

(visual inspection) (follow-up inspections)

CUI (external visual inspection)

CUI 6-2 (insulation) CUI (insulation)

5.3.3.1 (e, f, h) (NDT) CUI 6-2

5.3.3.2 ( c)




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CUI

HS

6-2 (Recommended Extent of CUI Inspection Following Visual Inspection)

(insulation)

NDT

(insulation) CUI NDT (5.3.3.2) 5.3.3.2 e, f, h

Class 1 75% 50% Class 2 50% 33% Class 3 25% 10%

(insulation) (radiographic examination) (i tion) nsulation) (visual inspec

T ND I

CU (significant CUI)

100% 6 CUI CUI

CUI -2

CUI a. ( 5.3.3) b. (Insulation design)

c. (Coating quality) d.

6-2

CUI / (owner/user) (confirm)

(NDT) 6-2

(remaining life) 10 (external corrosion)




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HS

(insulation) (outer jacketing) Cold-box shell (operator)

(inspector)

(Jacket) (Cryogenic) box (inert gas)

6.5

a. (insulation) b. c. Coldd.

(inspection interval) (TML) ( 5.5)

(TML) [ (pipe), (elbow) (reduce)] ()

(TML) (TML) (next inspection date)

(scheduled inspection)

6.6 uxiliary piping)

6.6.1

Injection point 5.3.1 (Small-bore) (A

(Small bore piping, SBP)

(SBP) (primary process piping) API 570

(SBP) (secondary process piping) Class

(primary Class 1 process piping)

Class 2 Class 3




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HS

6.6.2

deadleg ( level) (corrosion)

(auxiliary piping) ing) (S

(SBP) (auxiliary pipBP) (secondary)

a. Class b. environmental cracking fatigue cracking c. corrosion)

(primary system)

6.6.3 )

(SBP) /

(classification)

(auxiliary piping)

(

d. CUI (threaded connections

(SBP) (threaded connections)

(auxiliary piping)

ed) (scheduled inspection) (TML) (threaded connections) (radiograph

(threaded connections) fatigue

(threaded connections)

a. C ation of piping)

Support

e. (on-stream) f. (corrosion rate)

(schedule) lass (Classific

b. (Magnitude and frequency of vibration) c. d.




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HS

g.




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on, Analysis, and Recording) 7.1 7.1.1

HS

7 (Inspection Data Evaluati

(Corrosion Rate) (Remaining Life)

t actualt required

(.)

(Remaining Life)

Remaining Life = ()

= (.) ( 5.6) = ( t actual)

ate) 2 (Corrosion R

(Long Term (LT) Corrosion Rate) (Short term (ST) Corrosion rate)

(LT) Corrosion Rate)

(Long Term

al

t previo actual (.)

(Short term (ST) Corrosion rate)

t t initi = actual Corrosion Rate (.)

= us t

rrosion Rate) fe) (Co

(Remaining Li

t actual t requiredCorrosion Rate (./)

Remaining Life () =

t initial t actu

al

() t initial t actualCorrosion Rate (LT - ./) =

t previous t actual () t previous t actual

Corrosion Rate (ST - ./) =




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HS

(Localized unpredictable corrosion)

ong Term (LT) Corrosion Rate) (Short (Remaining Life)

(Lterm (ST) Corrosion rate)

(Corrosion Rate) ctor) (

corrosion specialist) 6.3 ) 7.1.2

(authorized inspe

(Rate of Corrosion) a. (Corrosion Rate) /

(owner/user) b. (Corrosion Rate)

/ (owner/user)

c. (Corrosion Rate) a b 3

Corrosion Coupon Corrosion Probe

(Corrosion Rate)

7.1.3 (Corrosion Rate) 2

- ( ) -




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HS

7.2 (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)

(Corrosion Rate)

MAWP Code

Code

cement of Opening)

e)

a) b) c) d) Opening (Reinfor

Cyclical Service Joint efficiency

(

MAWP 5.6) (Corrosion) ( 6.3)

(load) Code Code MAWP Code

7.1 2 MAWP Corrosion half-lift Concept

7.3

(retirement thickness) (minimum required thickness)

, , Stress Code (allow

able stress) (general corrosion) (localized

corrosion) Piping engineer

load




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HS

(retirement thickness)

7.4

(minimum required thickness) 7.1.1 Remaining Life

(

API RP 579)

RP 579 Fitness-for- API

service (Fitness-for-service technique)

(Fitness-for-service technique)

a) on Allowance)

(Corrosi (Fitness-for-service) API RP 579

(Corrosion Allowance)

579 Section 4

RP 579 Section 6 b)

(Fitn PI RP 579 Section 7

7.1 API 570 1. (General Metal Loss) API RP 2. (Local Metal Loss) API RP 579 Section 5 3. Pitting Corrosion API

(Blister) (Lamination) ess-for-service) A

(Corrosion Allowance) 7.1 API 570

9 Section 8

(Distortion)

c) weld misalignment (Fitness-for-service) API RP 57

d) (Crack-like flaw) (Fitness-for-service) API RP 579 Section 9




onor ervice

RP 579 Section 11 7.5

HS

e) (Fitness-for-service) API

Piping Stress Analysis

Support guide a)

(thermal expansion or contraction)

Support

Stress analysis

(Rerating) (modification)

Piping engineer

( 5.4.3) (Inspector) Piping Stress analysis

ess Piping Stress analysis Str

fatigue damage ( ) / creep damage

Support guide

Support guide

Piping Engineer

Piping stress analysis (Vibration)




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HS

(vibrate) (n a (analysis) atur l frequencies)

(evaluate) guide (Vibration)

guide (Vibration) (thermal expansion)

7.6 (Corrosion Rate) / (owner/user)

/ (owner/user) API 570

(piping system service) Class (Line number) () alteration Rerating

drawings ( API RP 574 )

,




onor ervice

HS

a.

(Short term (ST) Corrosion rate) ion Rate), (Corrosion rate) , ,

b. (Long Term (LT) Corros

c.

d. (Fitness-for-service) API RP 579 Section 2.8 API

RP 579




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8, and Rerating of Piping Systems)

8.1.1

HS

(Repair, (Alteration) (Rerating) (Repairs, Alterations

(Repair) (Alteration) Code

8.1.2 ASME B31.3

(Authorization) (Alteration) (Repair

/ (Repair)

Organization) 3 (/, ) (Inspector)

(Alteration) Piping engineer

(Inspector) hold point n) (Repair) (Alteratio

(Repair Organization) (Repair)

(Inspector)

8.1.3

(Inspector) (Repair)

(Procedure) (Repair Organization)

l) (Approva , , Piping engineer ()

, , (Approved) (Inspector)

(Approved) / (own

er/user)

Piping engineer (Crack)

(Crack)

(Crack) (Vibration) (thermal cycling) (Thermal Expansion) environmental cracking




onor ervice

HS

ir) (Alteration) API 570

8.1.48.1.4.1 air)

(Inspector) (Repair) (Alteration) hold point (Repa ()

(Temporary Rep

(Temporary Repair) (full encirclement welded split sleeve) (box-type enclosure)

Piping engineer Piping engineer

(Crack) Sleeve (Repair) (Longitudinal Crack)

Piping engineer

coupling) Pitting ( 8.2.3 Appendix C)

(Temporary Repair) Fillet (Split

(Repair) ( Pitting Pinhole) Specified minimum yield strength 40,000 psi. (Repair) base metal Piping

engineer (minor leak) (Inspector)

Caustic Service

(Temporary Repair) (Permanent Repair)

(Temporary Repair) Piping engineer

8.1.4.2 (Permanent Repair) (Repair) (groove) (groove) 8.2

(Corrode) 8.2 (Contaminate) (NDT)




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HS

)

Code ( , Insert patch (Flush patches) (Repair) (corroded)

a Class 2 100% (RT)

c (rounded corner)

8.1.5 ()

) Full penetration groove weld b) Class 1

(UT) ( NDT procedure) (Inspector)

) (Patch) 1 (25 ) (Repair)

m lamp bolt (Te porary Repair)

C load bolt

Turnaround (temporary leak sealing)

(Inspector) / Piping engineer (Repair)

pi in (pumping) (Process

p g) (Review) (Inspector) Piping engineer iew) (Rev

Sealant clamp (

repumping)

nt Flow meter, Relief Valve (down Sealastream)

bolt (Corrode) g (SCC) bolt Clamp

(leak) Stress Corrosion Crackin




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HS

repump Hot Tapping 8.2

(Repair) (Alteration) ASME B31.3 Code

API Publication 2201 (Inspector) Suggested Hot Tap Checklist API Publication 2201 Hot Tapping

8.2.1 (Procedure), (Qualification) (Record) (Welding Procedure) (Repair Organization) (Welder) (qualify) ASME B31.3 Code

(Repair Organization) (Record) (Welding Procedure) (Welder Performance qualification)

(Inspector) Preheat Postw8.2.2 eld heat treatment

8.2.2 .1 Preheat Preheat

welding procedure)

Code (qualified

(Approve) Piping engineer (Temporary Repair)

HT Code ( preheat

Preheat 150OC PWHT (Repair) (Alteration) PW environmental cracking )

ASME B31.3 P-1 P-3 ( Mn-Mo Steel) preheat 150OC PWHT (pressure test), shut down, startup

(Inspector) preheat (minimum preheat temperature)




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HS

rate) insulation (Cooling PWHT PWHT (Repair) (Alteration)

preheat PWHT Piping engineer environmental cracking (welding procedure)

Seal weld, (weld metal buildup of thin areas) Support clip

PWHT 8.2.2.2 ode PWHT (Repair) (Alteration) ASME B31.3 C 8.2.2.1 Preheat PWHT (Temporary Repair) (Approve) Piping engineer

ure) Piping engineer

Local PWHT

a. (review) (Proced

(approve) b. (Procedure)

1. (Thermal gradients) PWHT (Full penetrate) PWHT

2. (Strain) (Distortion)

c.

preheat 150OC (WPS)




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d.

HS

PWHT 2

PWHT thermocouple 2 HT

e.f.

8.2.3

PW branch attachment PWHT PWHT Code environmental

cracking Design

Butt (Full-Penetration groove weld_ Joint

Code (Approve) Piping engineer

Code

ency) Crevice Corrosion

(Patch) Fillet Weld (weld-joint effici

(Patch) Fillet weld Piping engineer (Patch) 8.1.3

trength (reinforce)

( Appendix C) 8.2.4

a. (Patch) S

Opening Code b. (Patch) membrane strain Code

1. allowable membrane stress (Patch) 2. Strain (Patch) Fillet weld (Patch) 3. (Patch) Overlay

(Repair) (Alteration)

Code al verification) 5.8 (materi




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8.2.5

HS

(NDT) (Alteration)

8.2.6

(Repair) (NDT) Code specification / (owner/user) API 570 Pressure Testing

(Inspector) 5.7

(Alteration) (Major Repair) NDT ) (Major Repair) NDT

(Inspector) (Alteration Piping engineer

a. NDT

( ) (Authorized Piping Inspector)

b.

b. 260C (500F)

socket welded unions NPS 2 Class 150 260C (500F)

1.6 (1/16 ) cket welded ASME B31.3 2

c. (RT) 100% (

d. (MT) (PT)

1) Slip-on flange Class 150 2) Socket welded flanges

socket so

(UT) )

: (Root Pass) (Completed Weld)




onor ervice

HS

fillet : (Completed Weld) (UT) (RT)

(Authorized Piping Inspector) / (owner/user) wave e

8.3

(pressure test) (weld repairs)

piping engineer UT (industry-qualified UT shear

xaminers) (Rerating) (Rerating)

(M AWP) (Calculation) piping engineer (Inspector)

Code

a. b. (Rerating) Code

Code c. (verify)

(Corrosion allowance) d. (Rerating) (Leak Test)

Code (Leak Test)

(Rerating) allowable stress

e. P

f. g.

h. ure) i. j.

Impact

(Leak Test) (Pressure Relieving Device) Set

ressure (Capacity) Set Pressure (Rerating) engineer (Inspector) ( , Flange, bolts, gaskets, packing expansion joints) (pressure and temperature)

Flexible (design temperat (Engineering)

(minimum operating temperature) Code




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9 (Inspection of Buried Piping)

HS

()

rosive soil condition(cor ) API 570

- nonmandatory NACE RP0169 NACE RP0274 NACE RP0275 API RP 651 Section 11

9.1

9.1.1

(Types and Methods of Inspection) (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance)

(Close-Interval Potential Survey) 9.1.2

rvey) (Close-Interval Potential Su

Corrosion cell




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9.1.3

HS

Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) oating Coating Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) C Coating

ing CoatCoating

Coating

4 (Soil Resistivity) 9.1. Coating

(significant)

ur-Pin Method ASTM G57 Wenner Fo Single-Pin Method

(auger hole) (excavation)

9.1.5 tion Monitoring)

Cathodic (Cathodic Protec Cathodic (monitor)

(monitor)

(analysis of pipe-to-soil potentials) cathodic protection system




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HS

cathodic protection impressed current rectifiers

9.1.6 (Inspection Methods)

Cathodic protection NACE RP0169 API RP 651 Section 11

a. Intelligent pigging (pig)

Elbow 90o 5 pig Line (launching) (recovering) pig

b. (Video cameras)

c. (Excavation)

5.4.2

coating coating wrapping




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9.2

.1

HS

9.2 (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance)

9.2.2 (Pipe-to-Soil Potential Survey) / (owner/user) ( 9.1.1) 6

Cathodic

coat cathodic protection 5 (verification)

protection (Pipe-to-Soil Potential Survey)

Cathodic

active corrosion cell

continuous potential profile close-interval survey active

.3 ay Survey) corrosion cell

9.2 Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holid ting Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) (corrosion control)

Coa

cathodic protection potentials Coat Coating ting Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey)

9.2.4

CoaCoating

(Soil Corrosivity) 30 (100 ) Cathodic (Soil Corrosivity) 5

9.1.4 (polarization resistance)




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HS

9.2.5 Cathodic (Cathodic Protection)

9.2.6

Cathodic (Cathodic Protection) (monitor) Section 10 NACE RP0169 Section 11 API RP 651 (External and Internal Inspection Intervals)

(inspector) deadleg

Cathodic pigging ()

9-1

9.1

Cathodic Soil Resistivity (ohm- Inspection Interval

cm) (years) < 2,000 5

2,000 to 10,000 10 > 10,000 15

Cathodic pigging

(6 8 ) 2.0 2.5

(full circumference) (pitting or general) coating

coating

(retirement thickness)




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HS

casing pipe casing casing

(verify)

9.2.7 (Leak Testing Intervals)

(inspector) a. 2 casing b. casing casing self-draining c. coat wrap

(leak testing)

maximum operating pressure) 110% ( Cathodic : 9.1 9.1 Cathodic : (leak testing) 8

4 ()

5% / (leak)

(leak testing)

mperature-corrected volumetric te oustic emission

(leak testing) ac ( )

/ (owner/user)

9.3 9.3.1

Coating (Repairs to Coatings)

Coa ti Coating ng

a. tion of moisture)

Coating (inspector) Coating (underfilm migra




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(cracking)

d.

HS

b. c. Coating (holiday) stress

e. Cathodic protection Coating high-voltage holiday detector

(voltage) (detector) Coating

9.3.2

Coating (holiday) Clamp (Clamp Repairs)

Clamp Clamp

Clamp Clamp

9.3.3 lded Repairs) (We

8.2 9.4

7.6

Clamp

1 (Scope) 1.1 (General Application) 1.1.1 (Coverage) 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3

1.1 1.2 (Specific Applications) 1.2.1 API 570 1.2.2 API 570

1.3 Fitness-For-Service (FFS) 2 (References) 3 (Definitions) 1.1

1 4 / (Owner/User Inspection Organization) 4.1 (General) 4.2 API (API Authorized Piping Inspector Qualification and Certification) 4.3 (Responsibilities) 4.3.1 / (Owner/User) 4.3.2 Piping Engineer 4.3.3 (Repair Organization) 4.3.4 Authorized Piping Inspector 4.3.5

5 (Inspection and Testing Practices) 5.1 Risk Base Inspection 5.2 5.3 (Corrosion) (Crack) 5.3.1 Injection points 5.3.2 Deadlegs 5.3.3 Corrosion under insulation (CUI) 5.3.3.1 Insulated Piping Systems Susceptible to CUI 5.3.3.2 CUI

5.3.4 (Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces) 5.3.5 localized corrosion 5.3.6 (Erosion) / (corrosion/erosion) 5.3.7 Environmental cracking 5.3.8 (lining) 5.3.9 Fatigue cracking 5.3.10 Creep cracking 5.3.11 Brittle fracture () 5.3.12 Freeze damage

5.4 (Types of Inspection and Surveillance) 5.4.1 (Internal visual inspection) 5.4.2 (Thickness measurement inspection) 5.4.3 (External Visual Inspection) 5.4.4 (Vibrating piping inspection) 5.4.5 (Supplemental inspection)

5.5 (Thickness Measurement Locations TML) 5.5.1 (General) 5.5.2 TML (TML Monitoring) 5.5.3 TML (TML Selection)

5.6 (Thickness Measurement Methods) 5.7 (Pressure Testing of Piping Systems) 5.8 (Material Verification and Traceability) 5.9 (Inspection of Valves) 5.10 (Inspection of Welds In-Service) 5.11 (Inspection of Flanged Joints)

6 (Frequency and Extent of Inspection) 6.1 6.2 Piping Service Classes 6.2.1 Class 1 6.2.2 Class 2 6.2.3 Class 3

6.3 6.4 CUI 6.5 6.6 (Small-bore) (Auxiliary piping) 6.6.1 (Small bore piping, SBP) 6.6.2 (auxiliary piping) 6.6.3 (threaded connections)

7 (Inspection Data Evaluation, Analysis, and Recording) 7.1 (Corrosion Rate) 7.1.1 (Remaining Life) 7.1.2 7.1.3

7.2 (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 7.3 7.4 7.5 Piping Stress Analysis 7.6

8 (Repair, (Alteration) (Rerating) (Repairs, Alterations, and Rerating of Piping Systems) 8.1.1 (Repair) (Alteration) 8.1.2 (Authorization) 8.1.3 (Approval) 8.1.4 () 8.1.4.1 (Temporary Repair) 8.1.4.2 (Permanent Repair)

8.1.5 (Repair) ()

8.2 Hot Tapping 8.2.1 (Procedure), (Qualification) (Record) 8.2.2 Preheat Postweld heat treatment 8.2.2.1 Preheat 8.2.2.2 PWHT

8.2.3 Design 8.2.4 8.2.5 (NDT) 8.2.6 Pressure Testing

8.3 (Rerating)

9 (Inspection of Buried Piping) 9.1 (Types and Methods of Inspection) 9.1.1 (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance) 9.1.2 (Close-Interval Potential Survey) 9.1.3 Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) 9.1.4 (Soil Resistivity) 9.1.5 Cathodic (Cathodic Protection Monitoring) 9.1.6 (Inspection Methods)

9.2 9.2.1 (Above-Grade Visual Surveillance) 9.2.2 (Pipe-to-Soil Potential Survey) 9.2.3 Coating Holiday (Pipe Coating Holiday Survey) 9.2.4 (Soil Corrosivity) 9.2.5 Cathodic (Cathodic Protection) 9.2.6 (External and Internal Inspection Intervals) 9.2.7 (Leak Testing Intervals)

9.3 9.3.1 Coating (Repairs to Coatings) 9.3.2 Clamp (Clamp Repairs) 9.3.3 (Welded Repairs)

9.4

piping inspection ไทย

Documents