plantiff 2011 nhi

8/6/2019 Plantiff 2011 NHI

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NATIONAL HISPANIC INSTITUTION: THE GREAT DEBATE

Plaintiff

Evidence Packet: Mock Trial

Lawyer:

Witness:

July 2011


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Economy:Capitalism/Recession

Not the Cause of the Decline of the Latino Male


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Exhibit 1

a) There is a widespread belief in the United States, fostered by the Reagan andBush administrations, that capitalism is "colorblind." Race is supposedlyirrelevant to the market, which is only concerned with accomplishment. In the

absence of discriminatory legislation, abolished by the U.S. government in the196Os, the operations of the competitive market [Capitalism] ought gradually tolead to racial equalization.

Source: Bonacich, Edna, University of California, Los AngelesDate of Publication: 2011

Exhibit 2

a) In addition to promoting a culture of work, capitalism also promotes a culture ofdesire.

b) While marketing is the most direct expression of this phenomenon, it really

pervades the entire culture and is reflected in general entertainment, personalattitudes, religious values, the education system, and government policy.c) The development of the culture of desire created by market capitalism has

actually been one of the biggest, if not the biggest, change in American societysince the birth of the country.

d) The reality, however, is that market capitalism has seemingly done more toenfranchise women and minorities in America than anything else over the past 30years.

e) Over the past 15 years , however, business has increasingly catered to women andminorities as consumers. Any realistic assessment of American society has torecognize that Corporate America and the market economy have done more tobring women and minorities into the mainstream over the past 15 years thananything else.

Source: R.G Price, Understanding Capitalism PartDate of Publication: February 2011

Exhibit 3

a) Capitalism allows the economy to grow exponentially. It is a basic fact ofeconomics that the more money a firm makes, the more it can invest inproduction, and the more it invests in production, the more money it makes.So long as no unfortunate events befall the firm, this growth can, obviously,continue indefinitely.

b) One of the greatest things about capitalism is that it works perfectly withdemocracy: everyone gets 1 vote, and thus equal power politically, whatevertheir race, political views or gender.

Source: Jed & Rachael Nunno, People and PoliticsDate of Publication: December 24, 2011


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Exhibit 4a) More specifically, in the one year period from the fourth quarter of 2009 to the

fourth quarter of 2010, foreign-born [Latino] workers gained 657,000 jobs and

native-born workers gained 685,000 jobs. The unemployment rate dropped forboth groups during this period. For immigrant workers it fell 0.2 percentagepoints (from 10.1% to 9.9%) and for native-born workers it decreased by about0.5 percentage points (from 9.5% to 9.0%). The fourth quarter of 2010 is the firstperiod since the middle of 2008 that native-born workers have experiencedpositive jobs growth (growth being measured as the change over the same quarterin the previous year). For foreign-born workers, the fourth quarter of 2010 marksthe third successive period of jobs growth. Thus, the economic recovery nowappears to be benefiting all workers.

b)

Source: Rakesh Kochhar , Associate Director for Research, Pew Hispanic CenterDate of Publication: Published March 2011

Exhibit 5a) About two million Hispanic-owned small businesses operate in the U.S.,

generating nearly $300 billion in annual revenue, according to the Small BusinessAdministration and research firm HispanicTelligence. By 2010, Hispanic smallbusinesses are expected to increase 60% to 3.2 million, and generate a combined$465 billion in revenue. A Junior Achievement poll shows that 79% of Hispanic


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teens want to start their own business, outpacing the 69% for non-Hispanic teens.b) Of all small-business customers, he says that 55% say they have a relationship

manager, even if it entails an informal e-mail or phone call monthly. AmongHispanic small-business owners, that ratio is only 22%.

c) Wells Fargo, cited by McCracken as being one of the most progressive banks in

Hispanic small-business lending, lists the biggest states for Hispanic business asCalifornia, Texas, Arizona, Florida, and Illinois. Smaller areas, such as Omaha,are also popping up.

d) The bank set a goal in 1997 to lend $1 billion by 2007 to Hispanic smallbusinesses, and twice surpassed it.

e) The bank has seen the growth of its Hispanic business lending double that of itsnon-Hispanic customers since 2004.

f) More focus on Hispanic small business is an outgrowth of Hispanic consumerbanking, which has also grown significantly, says McCracken. "It's only been inthe past three or four years that banks have noticed the growth in the Hispanicconsumer population, and now we're on the cusp of seeing that same thing for

small businesses," he says.g) During a strategic planning session in 2001, Guadalupe's board and managementdecided to reach out to the growing Hispanic community in Santa Fe, N.M.

h) Point West directors and management had been watching Portland's Latinopopulation grow for years.

i) Loans increased about $3 million since the merger, and the average age ofmembers has dropped from 45 years to 42.6 years. Although expenses for servicessuch as translation have risen, new members are considered a long-terminvestment.

Source: CEO of Synergistic Research

Article: Hispanic Small-Business Owners Are a Growing Market Assign a relationshipmanager to meet their needsDate of publication: 2009


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Religion:

Not the cause of the Latino Decline:


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Exhibit 6a) In general, religions set out to be idealistic, to achieve common good and

encourage their members to be better people. On the surface, they provide avehicle for individuals to account for things which otherwise would beunexplainable and offer a safety valve for the relief of guilt. They also provide a

framework that serves as a code of behavior. They do this via the mechanisms ofcommandments and sin. The latter can be defined as behavior proscribed by areligion. Many religions notionally encourage believers to consider those who areless well off than themselves.

Source: The Innovation Game, Religion in SocietyDate of Publication: September 2011

Exhibit 7

a) The association between Latin Americans and Catholicism is so strong that itbelies a surprising fact: Almost one quarter of all Latinos in the United States areProtestants.

b) Of the 41.3 million Latinos in the United States 2004, about 23 percent (9.5million) identify themselves as Protestants or other Christians (includingJehovah's Witnesses and Mormons). Moreover, 37 percent (14.2 million) of allLatino Protestants and Catholics say they have been born again or are evangelical,according to statistics compiled in the volume, Latino Religions and CivicActivism in the United States (2005, Oxford University Press).

c) Latinos often substitute the term evangelical for Protestant, because many Latinosfeel Protestant is too closely associated with Anglo-American culture.

d) Healing is one of the most important aspects of Latino Pentecostal spirituality,Espinosa said. Since many Latinos have low-paying jobs that do not providehealth insurance, they go to traditional healers or Pentecostal churches forhealing.

e) Another important factor in the Pentecostalization of Latino religion is lack ofleadership opportunity in the Catholic hierarchy, in which Latinos areunderrepresented. Latinos make up about 40 percent of all U.S. Catholics, but lessthan 8 percent of American Catholic priests are Hispanic. Of the 47,000 Catholicpriests in the United States, only 2,700 are Hispanic many of whom come fromColumbia and Spain, Espinosa said.

Source: Bruce Murray, University of Massachusetts

Date of publication: 11/1/2010

Exhibit 8a) The study also shows that many of those who are joining evangelical churches

are Catholic converts. The desire for a more direct, personal experience ofGod emerges as by far the most potent motive for these conversions. Althoughthese converts express some dissatisfaction with the lack of excitement in a


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typical Catholic Mass, negative views of Catholicism do not appear to be amajor reason for their conversion.

Source: The Pew Forum on Religion and Public LifeDate of publication: April 2010


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Education:Is Not the Decline of the Latino Male


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Exhibit 8

a) The recession-era boom in the size of freshman classes at four-year colleges,community colleges and trade schools has been driven largely by a sharp increasein minority student enrollment, according to a Pew Research Center analysis ofnew data from the U.S. Department of Education.

b) Some of this minority enrollment surge is a simple byproduct of demographicchange. In a nation whose population of youths is far more diverse than itspopulation of adults, each new year brings a slightly larger share of minorityteenagers into the pool of potential college freshmen. In addition, the first year ofthe recession was a time when young Hispanics, in particular, were completinghigh school at record rates.

c) According to Census Bureau surveys, the Hispanic high school completion ratereached an all-time high in October 2008 at 70%.2This was up 2.5 percentagepoints over October 2007 a larger increase than for any other racial or ethnicgroup.

d)e) In short, since 2007 there has been significant growth in minority freshmen

(particularly Hispanic) and there has been significant minority freshman growth

in each tier of postsecondary education, including four-year colleges anduniversities.Source: Pew Hispanic Research CenterDate of Publication: 2011

Exhibit 9a) Latinos are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. work force but are also among the


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least inclined to take advantage of employer-sponsored retirement plans, and that posesproblems for plan providers.

b) Latinos are a key part of our work force, but most have had little opportunity to savefor the future," said Eric Rodriguez, a vice president in the Office of Research,Advocacy and Legislation at the National Council of La Raza.

c) Latinos make up 14% of the U.S. work force and are projected to be one-third of it by2050?/ their savings rates jump from 20% to 80%.d) A record 12.7 million Mexican immigrants lived in the United States in 2008

Source: Vic Inc.Date of Publication: 2010

Exhibit 10a) An expanded Pell Grant and greater financial aid access to immigrant students are

among the major themes of a new package of Higher Education Actimprovements proposed by Hispanic higher education leaders.

b) "Hispanics are fueling the growth of America's work force," says U.S. Rep.Ruben Hinojosa, D-Texas, who chairs the education task force of theCongressional Hispanic Caucus. "Yet Hispanics continue to have the lowest levelof educational attainment of any major group."

c) Many provisions would increase support for HSIs, or colleges and universitieswith at least 25 percent Hispanic enrollment.

d) Advocates are calling the now formulated plan the "next generation HSIs" bill,since it proposes improvements in many programs. Serving these institutions theplan would increase funding for the HEA Title V program to $465 million

annually.


Exhibit 11

a) A higher quality education provided at all levels for the Hispanic communitieswill ensure strong individuals and, in turn, a stronger community.-Tony Rivera

b) Several years ago, the board of the Hispanic Caucus of AAHE voted to create aseparate nonprofit corporation that might one day become an autonomous entity.

c) We are striving for diversity, for instance, HACU members are Hispanic-servinginstitutions--those colleges and universities where Hispanics are at least 25% oftotal enrollment.

d) Since 1995, over 100 Hispanic graduate students have been sponsored, many nowin faculty or administrative positions in higher education.

e) Since 1987, outstanding Latino Higher Education awards have honored adistinguished administrator, faculty member (research/teaching) at a research


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institute, and/or community member who, while not necessarily an educator,supported Hispanic issues in higher education. Later, awards were added forfaculty (service/teaching) at a teaching institution, and for Latinos who contributeto fine and performing arts and to literary arts and publications. AAHHE willcontinue honoring Hispanic standouts in their field.


Exhibit 12e) An expanded Pell Grant and greater financial aid access to immigrant students are

among the major themes of a new package of Higher Education Actimprovements proposed by Hispanic higher education leaders.

f) "Hispanics are fueling the growth of America's work force," says U.S. Rep.Ruben Hinojosa, D-Texas, who chairs the education task force of the

Congressional Hispanic Caucus. "Yet Hispanics continue to have the lowest levelof educational attainment of any major group."

g) Many provisions would increase support for HSIs, or colleges and universitieswith at least 25 percent Hispanic enrollment.

h) Advocates are calling the now formulated plan the "next generation HSIs" bill,since it proposes improvements in many programs. Serving these institutions theplan would increase funding for the HEA Title V program to $465 millionannually.

Source: Vic Inc.

Date of Publication: 2011

Exhibit 13a) American higher education is considered the best in the world because of

America's longstanding tradition of government deference to educators' judgmenton academic questions, such as what combination of students yields the besteducational outcomes," wrote American Council on Education president Dr.David Ward in the letter that was sent on behalf of the associations.



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Political Ideologies:American Liberalism

Not the Cause of the Decline of the Latino Male


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Exhibit 14

a) Party preference by country of origin Cubans are the only Latino group where theRepublican Party does significantly better among eligible voters than theDemocratic Party (49% vs. 24%) Dominicans (50%) and Puerto Ricans (48%),are the most heavily Democratic while Latinos of Mexican descent by far thelargest country-of-origin group also favor the Democrats (43% vs. 19). Thesepartisan alignments by country of origin are more significant than associations byreligious tradition.

b) To make the political portrait of Hispanics even more complex, national originalso plays a role. For some Cubans and Puerto Ricans political preferencesare heavily influenced by ancestry, with religion less of a factor.

Source: Pew Hispanic FilesDate of Publication: 2011


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Culture:American Values/Feminism

Is Not the Cause of the Decline of the Latino Male


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Exhibit 15

a) Washington Hispanics, who became the largest minority group in the UnitedStates in 2002, are changing American society and culture.

b) Hispanics now fill top positions in the U.S. government, with Mexican-AmericanAlberto Gonzales serving as U.S. attorney general and Cuban-born CarlosGutierrez as secretary of commerce. In 2004, Florida voters elected anotherCuban native, Mel Martinez, formerly secretary of housing and urbandevelopment, to the U.S. Senate.

c) Language might most dramatically reflect the influence of Hispanics on Americanlife. Author and journalist Richard Rodriguez, a Mexican-American commentatorfor the Public Broadcasting System, says Spanish is heard everywhere in theUnited States, and that because of the massive migration of Latin Americansnorthward, the United States might be home to the worlds fifth-largest Spanish-speaking population, after Mexico, Spain, Argentina and Colombia.

d) The list of Hispanics' contributions to American life has been recognized by theU.S. government, which designates each September 15 to October 15 as NationalHispanic American Heritage Month. During this period, the United States honorsHispanic Americans, who have long served as leaders in business, government,law, science, athletics, the arts and many other fields.

e) The Hispanic Baseball Museum says that as of 2005, at least 30 percent of allMajor League Baseball players were born in Latin America, coming mostly fromCuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico andVenezuela. The Hispanic influence is apparent in other sports as well, notably

soccer. U.S.-based Hispanic immigrants have imported their love of soccer northto their new home, and the game's growing popularity in the United States is atleast partly attributable to this trend.

f) A number of painters and writers also have sought to capture the HispanicAmerican experience, such as Hispanic artists John Valadez, Martin Ramirez,Frank Romero and Arnaldo Roche. Tomas Rivera, Julia Alvarez, SandraCisneros, Luis Valdez and Heberto Padilla rank among the many Hispanic writerswho have achieved distinction in the United States, while other major HispanicAmerican figures in the arts include architect Bernardo Fort-Brescia and fashiondesigners Adolfo Sardina and Oscar de la Renta.

g) Since the 1950s, a number of Hispanic American music performers have gainedwidespread popularity, including Julio Iglesias, Jennifer Lopez, Carlos Santana,Gloria Estefan and the group Los Lobos.

Source: American Archives. GOVDate of Publication: July 2011


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Exhibit 16a) The sluggish recovery from the Great Recession has been better for men than

for women. From the end of the recession in June 2009 through May 2011,men gained 768,000 jobs and lowered their unemployment rate by 1.1percentage points to 9.5%. 1 Women, by contrast, lost 218,000 jobs duringthe same period, and their unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentagepoints to 8.5%, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of Bureau ofLabor Statistics data.

Source: Pew Research Center

Date of Publication: June 6, 2011

plantiff 2011 nhi

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