poccmickasi aka]lemidi hayk bonpocli...
TRANSCRIPT
POCcmiCKASI AKA]lEMIDI HAYK
BonpoCLI AUG 311993
<l>HJIOCO<l>HH HAY'lHO.TEOPETH'IECKHH )KYPHAJI 1993
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O.B. BaHHIIITcHH, B.I1. HOBHKoB, B.A. fIoAopora, n.B. KapaccB 3 H.C. ABTouoMoBa B03Bpamallch K a3aM 17 E.r. Tpy6Hua - fIOCITOTaJIHTapHall KyJIhTYpa: "BCC A03BOJICHO" HJIH "HHqCrO HC
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MOCKBA • ~YI(,b • 1993
2
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C.H. IIyIUKHD, JI.E. manOIUDHKOB - A.A. KoponhKoB. npOpO'IeCTBa KOHcraHTHHa JIeoHTheBa; A.<l>. CHBaK. KOHcraHTHH JIeoHTheB
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155 157
Harrrn aBTophl . 160
CONTENTS
POSTMODERNISM AND CULTURE (a round-table discussion). N.S. AVTONOAMOVA. Return to sources. E.G. TRUBINA. Posuotalilarian cullure. B~ GROYS. Yes.
Ap0s:aIypse. eys, now. M.M. SUBBOTIN. Theory and practice of non-linear writing. Z.'BAuMAN. Philosophy and postmodernist sociology. B.V. RAUSCHENBACH.
. Logic of triplicily'. N. LOBKOVITZ. Christianity and cullure. M.G. JAROSCHEVSKY. Experienee and drama of the development of person (the last word of L.S. Vygotsky). R. GUENON. King of the World. V.L. MAHLIN. Bakhtin and the West. BOOK REVIEWS.
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qenOneK BO nceH nonllOTe ero TenCCUO-AYXOBlIoro 6h1THli. B CBOHX B033pelI~lIX Ha
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06'hliCHe1lHlo npHqHH caMoro MLllllneUHlI, nOToMy 'ITO l\eTepMHIIHCTCKHA allanH3 caMoro
MLllllneHHlI npel\nOnaraCT BCKphlTHe l\BH)I(YIQHX MOTHBOB MhlcnH, n01pe6IIoCTeil: H HHTe
peCOB, n06y)l(l\eUHH H TeHJ{ell~HH. KOTopLle HanpannSlIOT l\BH)I(eIIHe MhlcnH B Ty HnH
ApyrylO CTOpOlly"21.
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JllIeTCli KOHTCKCTOM, B KOTOpOM ynoTpe6nlleTCli cnOBo. BLlrOTCKHH npHHHMaeT 3TY
TpaKTonKy, 110 HapliAY C IICH, 06paIQlUICL K HCKyccTny TeaTpa, OII npHAaeT Tf.pMHHY
20 CM.: EaxmuH M.M. 3CTeTHKa ClIOBeClloro TBOp'leCTBa. M., 1979. BepcHK 0 BlIKJlIIHH EaxTHlla Ha BblroTcKoro, npHHJlTOii PJlI\OM aDTopoD 3a 1\OCTOBepHyKJ, JI nOI\TBeplK)l.ellKii lie Ilarnell. B 6axTHHcKOM KpylKKe B cepel\Hlle 20-:< rol\OD BblroTCKHii Ol\eHKBalICJI KaK 6HxeBHopKCT (CM.: BO/lOWUIIOB B H 4>peii-I\H3M. M-JI., 1927. C. 31.). . •
21 Bbl20mclCuu JI.C. COOp. CO'l. T. 2. C. 24.
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aaJO~M UOBylO rJIaBY B CTaHOBJICHHH JIH'lHOCTH. lIBJIlICTCJI nepeCTpOHKa, CBJl3aHHalI C
OCM...cnemIOA opHeHTHpOBKOA B c06CTDeHIILIX nepelitHBaHHJlX. B03HHKaeT "0606llteHHC
neP,elltKBaHHA HJIH alj>lj>eKTHBuoe 0606lltCHHe, JIOrHKa 'lynCTD"35. B nepelltHBaIIHH HHTe
rpapoaauLi nOrHKa 'IYBCTB H JIOrHKa MLICJIH, 3aKOHOMCPlI0 BC.lly~e K CMeHe B03paCTHLIX
"cIJopM/UUlA". 3'1'0 AaJIO BLIroTcKoMY OCHOBaHHC BBCCTH nOHJlTHC 0 JIH'lHOCTIIOM B03paCTe,
ItU OTJUI'IaIOIqeMCJI He TOJILKO 0'1' naCnOpTIIOrO, 110 H TaK Ha3LIBaeMoro YMCTBCHHoro
~pac:Ta. (ieC'lHCJIeHHLIe H3MCpCHHJI KOTl)pOrO nyTeM pa3JIH'lULIX onpe.lleJICHHH "K03lj>
c1J~eBTa BH'I'eJIJIeKTYaJILHOCTH" (JQ) nOrJI'JTHJIH 3HcprHIO I1CCKOJILKHX nOKOJICHHH nCHXO
noroa.
I'o~en~ BLII'OTCKOrO ynHKaJILIIa CPC.llH .llPYrHX nanpannclIHA B03paCTHoA nCHXOJIO
I'B.~ kOTOpali B TY 3noxy C'lHTaJIaCL Pa3.llCJIOM ne.ll0JIOrHH. BpJl.ll JIH CJIe.llyeT C'lHTaTL
CJl)"laAUOCTLIO. 'ITO 3JIOC'lacmoe napTHAHoe nOCTaHOBJIeHHe 0 ne.ll0JIOrHH 6WJIO np0.llHK
TOBlIHO,CraJIHHhIM B 1936 r. B npeMBCpHH BOJILUIOrO Teppopa. HCTHHULIH nOJIHTH'IecKHA
CWLJeJl KpHTHItB "ne.lloJIOrH'IeCKHX H3Bp8llteHHA". nOBJICKWCA 3a C060H H3rnaHHe H3 WKOJILI
'-cCJleAOaaTeJIeA AeTeA. HX HH.llHBH.llYaJILHLIX pa3JIH'IHA, HX JIH'IIIOCTHLIX CJIOlitHOCTCA,
3~1C1I1O'IanCJI B TOM, 'IT06LI KYJILTHBHpOBaTL B napTHAuo-roCY.llapCTBellIlO ynpanJIlicMoA
Wltone eTaH.llap'l'IIOCTL MLIUIJICHHJI, 06e3JIH'IeIlHOCTL C~3IIaHHlI H .llCHCTDHJI. YHH'lTOllteHHe
!\eJIoA uaY1luoA 06JIacTH HeBepHO 6bIJIO 6LI 06'LJlClIlITL npHXOTblO CTaJIHlIa JIH60 JIH'IIIO
28T... ~e. C. 383. ;!g'TaN lite. C. 238.
~. BLIroreltHA ACTaJlbHO npowlaJlH3HpoRan KpH3HCbI ncpHOAa 1J000POlKACHHOCTH, ncpooro roAa, Tpex
JlCT !I ceNII nCT. IIpo6ncMa KpH3HCOB B pa30HTHH pe6eIlKa 06cYlKAanacb H 0 3anaAIIOii nCMXOnOnlH, HO HX
lIHyrpclDllIA xapaKTep HCH3Memi0 CIIOAHnCll nHOO K 3K30felHlb/1ol, nMOO K 6HOnOrM'fCCKMM npH'fMlIlIM•.
31 Cw. TaM lItc. C. 266.
32 T... lite. C. 250. '33' .
TaN lItc. C. 271. 34 :TaN lItc. c. 282.
, 35 -raNlitc. c. 309.
..-pOUyDIUHMH ero CJIY'laAHbIMH 060c'I
e.llenCHlIaJl CO~HaJILHO-nOJIHTH'lecKa.
,;,; " nceB.llO'l'eopeTH'leCKHMH co06palKcI
~H 6JIara TPY.llllII\HXCli. CO~aJIH3Ma.
.~ C JIHKDH.lla~HCH B 0IlHO'laCLe IIC.ll0Jl
:8AeonOrH'lCCKHX rpexax BCCX, KTO 1i
;"BhIroTcKoro. HHKTO He CMor CKa3aTb •
.:;06pa3 'ICJIOBeKa KaK JIH'lHOCTH, pa3BHB
- nonlipeH no OTHoweHHIO K TOMy, BO
~8BHnynHpoBaHHJI HMH KaK 06'LeKTa~
;,' ua6pOCKax TeopHH B03paCTOB (Kallt.llb
pa3BHTHlI JIH'lHOCTH) BLIrOTCKHA caMbIM
T)'aJILHhIe BhIKJIa.llKH C c06CTBeUHLIM
Ae-rcA. Ero TeOpHli. HMeJl BbICOKYIO lj>HJI
'K B3Y11eHHe HCTOpHH nOHlITHA D OHTOr/:,
'1epuoBoA pa60Te C pc6eIIKOM, onHpa.
1C0TOPbIX 6bIJIH HM CaMHM "paCKonaUbI".
KOH~en~HJI BbIrOTCKoro Tpe60Bam:
pe(ieHKa". BalitHOCTb oxpallLI 3.ll0POBb:
CKoro• .lleKJIapHpOBaJIaCL nOBceMeCTIIO.
DHaJILIIO IIOBbIH nyIIKT. Pe'lb WJIa 06 ".
6epC'lb nCHXHKy pe6cIIKa C TO'lKH 3pel
KOToporo HMceT cBoA YIIHKaJIbHbIH CT
pOBaIIHe 3Toro - ry6HTCJIbIIO .llJIlI JIH'lI[
D'leBH.lleH He TOJIbKO lj>HJIOCOlj>CKO-1
CMLICJI TeopHH BLlrOTCKoro, npOHH3am:
03apeuo pa3pa60TaHHOe HM nOHJlTHe 0
nOHCKax HIITerpaJIbllOH CXCMbl Hcno_
JIH'IIIOCTH.
36 ITo oocnoMMHallMJlM B.E. rMypMalla, "n.
nony'fHnH Ha OCHooaHMM TCCTOO YMCTOCllllblC •
KOOCKoi!IlIKOnbl" (eM. JIeOHmbeB A,A. n.c. Bbo
37 HYlKlIO nM CUIC pa3 HanOMMllaTb, 'fTC
. _nynbCbl, HC "lKH3UCllllblH nopblo" H T.n., a
HeKnaCCM'fCCKOro HCOACTCpMHHMCTCKOro CTMnli
BOOHHKaeT He MHa'fC KaK 0 AHanOnl'feCKOH no
pa30HTMJI IIC003MOlKlla 6C3 ncpelKMoalOUlHX:
AononIlHTcnbHOCTH". ,UpaMaTH3M M AManorH3I
AooaHHoi! CHCTCMC OhlCIlIMX nCMXOnOrM'fCCKHX
TonbKO 3TO 06U1CnpHUJlTO'COJl3blBaTb C OKna;
6YAYJIlCC rnaoy 0 nCTonHCM nCMxonorMM.
38 "ITcpeCTpoHKa nOTpe6HOCTCii H n06ylK):
ncpexonc OT o03paCTa K o03pacTY" (Bbl20mc paCXOAllUlCMCJI C YOCpeHHOCTblO 0 caMOCTOlITCJ[
(cp. ITMalKc), 3aocplllanHcb, OCpllCC, 06pblBanl'!
OTnH'fIIOi! OT nOnXOAa nMollcpa 3Toro Hanl
Personality. N-Y., 1935). B 1933 r. nCOHH, :
craOIllYIO <fJalllMCTcKoii, OCTallOOHnClI lIa HCCKe
3NHrpMpooaTb, npeAnOlKHnH paOOTY. Ho 011
KOJlJlCAlK" Hop6epTa BMHcpa, KOTOpblH paOOl
HeOAlloKpaTIIO 6CCCAooan C neOHIIOM. ocr.
CBHneTcnbCTOYIOT nCOMIIOOCKMC oocnOMHlla
lIH'fIlOCTM. MOCKOOCKMe AManorM 6YAYUlHX
-, ", eocnpoH30cn nCOHIIOOCKMC 3KcncpMMCIITbl, 0
'. pa3pal5oTKC np06nCMbl nM'fHOCTM M CC MOTMoal :t
3aTPOllYUIlIHMH cro clIY'IaHIIhIMH 060CTORTclIhCTBaMH36• B cro 3110llcRHHRX B~rll,a 6hI-11a
OIlPCIIClICHlIlUI CO~HallhHO-nOllHTH'ICCKlUIJIOrHKa, H CBOH pCIlIeHHII OH "palllH;HaJIJ13Hpp
Ban" nceBIIOTCOpCTH'IeCKHMH co06palKeHHlIhlH. npH3BaHHhIMIi y6cllliTL, 'ITO OHH npHHRThI
, PallH 6JIara TPYlIlllQHXCR, CO~aJIH3Ma. , " ,Hc 6Cl
C JIHKnHlla~HCH B 0IlHO'IaChC nCII01l0rHH lIaQa1l0Ch H306JIH'ICHHe B q,HJIOCOq,CKHX Hm'!CCKlUI
BAe01l0rH'ICCKHX rpcxax Bcex, KTO 1allHMaJICR IIcTCKoit UCHXOJIOrHeit. B TOM .'IH,clle"cpclla",
BhIroTCKoro. HHKTO lIe CMor CKa3aTh rJIanlIOC - pa3pa60TaHHhIit HM ryMaHH<ilH'IcCKHA
06pa3 '1ClIOBCKa KaK llH'IlIOCTH, pa3BHBalOII.\p.itcR uo CBOHM BHyTpeHHHM 3aKOHC»437• 6hIlIIIpyrOMy.
DOJIlIpeH no OTlIOIlIeIIHIO K TOMy, BO 'ITO upenpaII.\aJIa JIlOllcJi: CO~HalIhH,~, U'p~J':X:Hlfa:pHOCTJlX MaBHDyJIHpOBaUHR HMH KaK 06"heKTaMH. CJIellyeT oc060 UOIl'ICpKHyTh, 'ITO .BCBOHX
'ICHHR, B Ba6poCKax TCOpHH B03paCTOB (KalKllhIit H3 KOTOphIX IIBJIIICT OIlHH H3 aKl'0B IIpa~hI
>BaJIO Hc pa3BHTHR JIH'IHOCTH) BhIrOTCKHA caMhIM UCUOCpellCTBeIIlILIM 06pa30M CooTHocJ,in KOHI~erl~
~JICHHOrO
TyallhHhIe BhIKJIallKH C C06CTBCHHhIM MlIOrOllcTHHM OUhITOM nOCUHTaH~R(,H.~'.o6y,c~HRp03RII.\cA
AeTeit. Ero TCOpHR, HMCII BhICOKYJO q,HJIOCOq,CKylO HanpanJICHHOCTh, 6hIJIa yKopeJicHa (K£
B H3yqcHHc HCTOpHH UOHIITHit B OHTorcHc3C, HX CBR3eH C PC'IhlO H liP.) B nonccl\lIcBHoi!:IO-BOJIIO
'ICpHOBOA pa60Te C pe6CIIKOM. OnHpaJIaCh IIa IIJIOTHhIe nJIaCThi 3MUHpHH, (~orHe ,H3HOrncHHC
KOTOphIX 6hIJIH HM CaMHM "paCKOUaIIhI". ' " , , CKphIThI
KOH~cn~HR BhIrOTCKoro Tpc60Balla IIpaKTH'!eCKHX IIcJi:CTBHH "uo OXpaIiC pa3BHTHliICHHhIMH
pe6CBKa". BalKHOCTh oxpaIIhI 3110POBhll IICTCH, KaK q,H3H'ICCKoro. TaK H nCHXOJIOMe)CII HaMIl
CKoro, IICKJIapHpOBaJIaCh nonCCMccTIIO. BLIrOTCKHH nIlOCHJI B 3TY lIeKlIap'axiH~'IIPHH~) Ha6JIIO
IIBa1IhHO 1I0BhIH nyuKT. PC'Ih IlIJIa 06 "oxpalIc Pa3BHTHII", CTaJIO 6hITh, 0 Hc06icoAHMOCTH pRMcTBa,
6ePC'Ih nCHXHKy pe6cIIKa C TO'lKH 3pelIHlI cro JIH'IIIOCTIIOro n03pacTa, KalKnaR H3 3nox hIH nYTh
KOToporo HMCcT CBOH YUHKaJIhIIhIJi: CTpOH ncpclKHBauHA, cnoH IIpaMaTH3M38• HmopHcnollCTBa
pOBaIIHe 3Toro - ry6HTCJIhHO 111111 JIH'!IIOCTH, cYIILGa KOTOpOK 3aKJIa/lhIBaCTCR B IICTCTBC. lq,cKTa Ii
O'IenHlleU ue TOllhKO q,HJIOCoq,cKo-nCHXOJIOrH'ICCKHK. 110 H CO~HaJIhIIO-HpancTBeUlIhlii: : "MClKIlY
CMhICJI TCOpHH BhIroTcKoro. npoHH3alllloA 'IHCTOH np06hI ryMaIIH3MOM. 3THM 'iKe cUeTOM HOCTRMH
03apello pa3pa60TaHIIOC HM nOllllTHC 0 UCpClKHBaIIHH. CTanweccro nOCJIellHHM CJIOBOM B
DOHCKax HIITCrpaJIhlIoit cxeMhI HCIIOJlIICIUIOK IIpaMaTH3Ma opraIIH3a~HH H HCT()'PHH , OTKphI JIH'IIIOCTH. 3aHHlUI C
06II.\CHHC " "c, ',', ,~_r'
DH HHTC :t'",
IpaCTHhIx
103paCTc,
rBeHHOrO
{ "K03q,
H nCHXO- 36 no oocnOMHHaUHlIM B.E. rMypMoua, "norpoM ne/lonoroo ua'lBnCli nocne HHJKOil OI(eHKIf; kOTOpYlo nony'lHnH Ha OCHOOOHHH TeCTOO YMCToellllLle cnOCOOUOCTH BacHnHlI CTBnHHa, TOrna Y'leIlHKa 110-il MOC
llCHXOJIO , KOBCKOil WKonbl" (CM.ReOllmbe8 A.A. JI.c. BblroTCKHit M., 1990. C. 64). :, " !.. "
C'!HTaTh 37 HylKUO nH ell\e paJ HanOMHHaTb, 'ITO "OIlYTPeHuee" /lnll BblroTCKOro - aTO He cnolltllHHLle
npolIHK . , HMnynbCl.I, He "lKHJHeIlIlLlil nopblD" H T.n., a cHCTeMHoe oopaJOOaHHe, oo'LlICHeHHe KOTOporo Tpe6yeT
:'H'ICCKHH IreUaCCH'IeCKoro HeO/leTepMHHHCTCKOro CTHnll M,blwnellHlI. nepelKHoaHHe - 6YIIL 0110 ClIMoe HHTHMHoe " BOOHHKoeT He MHa'ie UK 0 /lHBnol'H'IecKoll no ollpe/lenellHIO /lpOMe paJBHTHli. Ho H COI(HBnbHaJI cHTyaI(HlI J IlIKOJIhi
paJOHTHli UeBOJMOlKlla 6eJ lIepelKHoalOll\Hx HH/lHOH/lOO. 3/1ecb /leiicToyeT cooe06paJHblii "npHHI(HnKHOCTCH,
l\ononHHTenbnoCTH". ~paMaTHJM H /lHanOrHJM, a He COMO no ce6e npe/lCTaOneHH,e 0 JnaKOBo-onocpe.BlIRCMOH
l\008llHoil CHCTeMe OblCWHX nCHXOnOrH'IeCKHX q,YIIKI(HlI (MelKq,yuKI(HOIlBnbllbIX cOllJeil H T.n,), - 0 neAb rOlKCHHC TOJIbKO aTO ooll\enpHlIlITo'CBlIJLIOaTb C OKnllAoM BLlroTcKoro - OTKpLIOBnH 1I00ylO, yCTpeMJleHHyKl B ;0 JIH'IIIO (iyl\Yll\ee rnaoy 0 neTonHCH nCHXOnOI'HH. . ,
38 "nepeCTpoilKa nOTpe6HOCTeii H nooYlKllellHil, nepeOI(ellKa lIeuuocTell eCTb OCHOOHOii MOMenT npH
nepeXO/le OT OOJpaCTa K OOJpacTy" (BblwmCKUU R.C. Coop, CO'l. T. 4. C. 385). Ha aTOM nOnOJKeHHH, pacxOl\llllleMClI CyoepeHHOCTbH) 0 CllMOCTOliTenbHoil CTllAH8JlbHOii nOI'HKe paJOHTMlI KOrnHTHOHblX rpYH/,L\HlI (cpo nHalKe). JaOepWBnHCb, oepuee, ooPblDBnHCb lIa6pocKH BblroTCKHM /lHHOMH'IecKoll TeopHH nH'IHOCTH, OTJlH'IUoil OT nO/lXO/l8 nHOllepa aTom HanpaoneHHlI KYPTII JIeoHllo (Levin K.A. Dynamic: lheory of
'O/la, TpeX " Persona1ily. N-Y., 1935). B 1933 r. JIeBHH, Ha nYTH HJ KHTaJI (r/le ou '1HTan neKI(HH) B repMaHHH).
:1IH, HO HX CTlIIIwylO q,awHCTcKoii, OCTaUOOHnCli ua HeCKonbKO lIe/lenb 0 MocKoe. 3/1eCb eMy, npM1llloweMy peweUHe
M., 3MHrpHpoOOTb, npe/lnOlKHnH pa60Ty, Ho Oil npe/lno'len CiliA (ooiil\ll TaM onocne/lCTOHH 0 "HeJp_blll .. ItOnne/llK" Hop6ePTa BHHepa, KOTOpblii pa60TBn IIllA nporpOMMoil KH6eplleTHKH). B MOCKBe BblrOTCICHil (HeOl\II0KpaTHO 6eCe/1008n C JIeoHuoM, ocnapHoali (0 /lenHK8TUOM, /lpYlKeCToeHIIOM TOHe, 0 '1eM "CBH/leTenbCTOYIOT neOHUOOCKHe oocnOMHllaUHlI) ero npe/lCTBonellHlI 0 /leTepMHllaHTax lIooelleHHlI
~"H'IHlX:TH. MocKoocKHe /lHanorH 6Y/lYll\HX KnaCCHKOO MHpoooii nCHxonorHH (npH'IeM BblrOT~'~Hii • pOHJOen neOHIIOOCKHe 3KcnepHMeHTLI, ouecli 0 IIHX HOOLle nepeMellllble) CLlrpBnH OalKftYJO PO~'i. 0
pa60TKe np06neMbl nH'IIIOCTH H ee MOTHOaL\HH. 31'0 oco6aJ1 TeMa. ';'