poder notarial

EL PODER NOTARIAL/ POWER OF ATTORNEY

Análisis genérico de textos jurídicos: poder notarial en inglés y en español

Fina Belén Sánchez Galera

Análisis comparativo del poder notarial en inglés y en español 2

ÍNDICE Introducción al poder notarial (en inglés y español)

Definición Tipologías o clasificación

o Análisis detallado del poder notarial en inglés y en español. Foco contextual Intertextualidad Tenor o tono Macroestructura Morfología y sintaxis

o Glosarioo Conclusióno Bibliografía


INTRODUCCIÓN AL PODER NOTARIAL


Definición

Definición PODER NOTARIAL/PODER DE REPRESENTACIÓN: documento público y legal por el que una persona “poderdante/mandante” designa a otra “apoderado” para que la represente en el área jurídica, en asuntos económicos, etc. y de ahí, que actúe en su nombre. El acto de concesión de una capacidad concreta se denomina “apoderamiento”.

Es un documento protocolizado (a document under seal), se otorga ante notario y queda sin valor a la muerte del poderdante o cuando éste lo revoca.

El poder notarial se puede utilizar en cualquier tipo de asunto (legal, económico, etc.)


Clasificación Clasificación de los poderes notariales:

A) Ordinarios

General: el poderdante autoriza a otra persona –apoderado- a que actúe en su nombre en todo tipo de actos:

- administrar las cuentas bancarias

- vender o comprar propiedades

- hacer transacciones bancarias, etc.

Específico: el poderdante sólo le otorga al apoderado poderes concretos. Por ejemplo:

- pedir préstamo bancario


Clasificación

B) Duración:

Permanente: seguirá siendo efectivo aún después de que el poderdante/otorgante sufra una incapacidad.

Limitado: caducará en el momento que el poderdante quede discapacitado.


LEAD-IN TO POWER OF ATTORNEY


Introduction

Definition: it is a document that evidences the creation of a relationship between two people who are designated as the “principal/donor/granter” and the “agent/attorney-in-fact/attorney” (In Common Law Jurisdiction).

The principal designates the agent in the document, and the agent is authorized to act on the principal’s behalf—to “stand in the shoes” of the principal—for whatever business the power of attorney permits.


Watch out!

Be careful…! Attorney-in-fact ≠ attorney-at-law

or attorney (apoderado) (abogado)

The person empowered by the donor to handle his/her affairs.

He cannot practice law.

A person, learned in law -legally licensed- to practise law (whether in law or giving advice).It could be a synonym for lawyer.

N.B: In this legal context, an attorney is not a lawyer.


Classification of the POA

Types of powers: I. Concerning the extent/amplitude of

the power: I.I General: the agent can conduct any sort of

business on behalf of the principalI.II Specific: the agent can only conduct the

transactions authorized in the document. II. Concerning the duration:II.I Durable/lasting: the same as the Spanish

oneII.II Limited: the same as the Spanish one

Very flexible documents


Classification of the POA

Concerning the affair:- Special Power of Attorney (e.g. legal

affairs)- Health care Power of Attorney (the donor

appoints someone to make health care decisions on his/her behalf if s/he is unconscious, unable or mentally incompetent).

- Property and Affairs Power of Attorney - General Power of Attorney (the

authorization to act on someone’s behalf is very wide)

Power/letter of attorney

Detailed analysis


I. Language functions.

Based on Hatim & Mason’s three main functions of the texts:

• Expositive: to deal with objects and situations to organize actions and events in a specific order: conceptual exposition, description and narration.

• Argumentative: to manage or steer the situation in a manner favourable to the text producer’s goals.

• Exhortative/Instructive: to draw the interest of the readers and persuade them to do or abstain from doing something: operative texts. With option: advertising Without option: contracts, treaties.

(Hatim & Mason’s 1990)


I. Contextual focus:

Primary focus: instructive I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, of Marina del Este Street

number 15, do hereby confer full power of attorney to Alfonso López Martínez on January 11th, 2008, as true and lawful attorney-at-law for me and in my name, place and stead, and on my behalf, and for my use and benefit on court of anywhere, regarding the following:

1. To ask, demand, litigate, recover all manner of goods, chattels, debts, rents, interest, sums of money and demads whatsoever…, and to make, give and execute acquittances, receipts…

2. To appear, answer and defend in all actions and suits…


I.Contextual focus: Secondary focus: expositive (1st & last

parapraph)

I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, of Marina del Este Street number 15, do hereby confer full power of attorney to Alfonso López Martínez on January 11th, 2008, as true and lawful attorney-at-law for me and in my name, place and stead, and on my behalf, and for my use and benefit on court of anywhere, regarding the following:

I,Paul Stanley, whose name is signed to the foregoing

instrument, having been duly qualified according to the law, do hereby acknowledge that I signed and executed this power of attorney; that I am of sound mind; that I am eighteen (18) years of age or signed it as my free and voluntary act for the purpose therein expressed.


II. INTERTEXTUALITY

Definition: Derived from the Latin intertexto, meaning to “intermingle while weaving”. It is a term first introduced by the French semiotician Julia Kristeva in the late 60s.

- It is the presence of discursive connections with previous legislation or other texts.

There isn’t any explicit allusion to other documents: whether contract, document or whatsoever.


III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USERS IN THE TEXT

Principal: who gives the power to another person of acting on his behalf because he is unavailable or disable (e.g. mentally incompetent).

I, Paul Stanley, hereby confer full power of attorney to…

Agent/attorney-in-fact: the person who receives the power of attorney.

I, Paul Stanley, hereby confer full power of attorney to Alfonso López Martínez


III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USERS IN THE TEXT

The principal or donor appears as the 1st person of the singular: I

So, close relationship between the addresser (principal) and the addressee (attorney-in-fact).


IV. MACROSTRUCTURE

Primary & secondary structures: 1st paragraph: introduction (personal

details of the principal/donor and agent). 2nd paragraph & 3rd paragraph: the

powers granted to the agent (e.g. to appear and defend in all actions and suits or whatsoever)

4th paragraph: the power of attorney can be revoked

“shall be irrevocable until such time as said court

determines that I am no longer incompetent”.


IV. MACROSTRUCTURE

5th paragraph (Conclusion): recognition of being of sound mind: estar en pleno uso de facultades.

“I, Paul Stanley, … do hereby acknowledge that I signed and executed this power of attorney; that I am of sound mind; that I am eighteen years of age or older…”

Signatures


V. SYNTACTIC MATTERS No personal sentences. They are

introduced by infinitive forms:“1º) To ask, demand, litigate, recover…, and to make…”“ To appear, answer and defend in all actions…”

Frequent use of commas Common use of coordinators (addition and

disjunctive) Use of passive voice

“ this power of attorney shall be irrevocable until such time …”“ …having been duly qualified according to the law”

Use of simple sentences:“I, Paul Stanley, the undersigned, do hereby confer full power of attorney to Alfonso…” (the whole 1st paragraph)

Confusing syntax in general.


V. MORPHOLOGICAL MATTERS The document is written in the 1st person

singular. Thus, more attachment between the donor and the agent

Many repetitions:“for me and in my name”, hereby,“said attorney”

o Doublets (partial synonyms, redundant):“ true and lawful attorney-at-law”“in my name… on my behalf”“free and voluntary”, “ratifying and confirming”.

o Lack of anaphoric references.o Use of formal adverbs or multiple particles:

Hereby (por la presente), thereof (del mismo), hereafter


V. MORPHOLOGICAL MATTERS

Future tense “shall judge, shall be expedient, shall do or cause…

o Passive voice: “having been duly qualified” “shall be irrevocable”o Lack of connectors and overuse of commas

(rest of the Old legal English): “To ask, demand, litigate, recover, and recive all maner of

goods, chattels, ebts, rents, interest, sums of money and demands whatsoever, due or hereafter to become due and owing, or belonging to me, and to make, give and execute acquittances, recepits, satisfactions or other discharges for the same, whether under seal or otherwise;”

El poder notarial/representación

Análisis detallado


I. Foco contextual:

Foco principal: función instructiva. Enumeración de las actos concretos sobre los que se

otorga poder al apoderado.I.- Comprar toda clase de bienes inmuebles…II.- Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría de Policía y solicitar

y retirar…III.-Actuar como representante fiscal en España a los

efectos…IV.- Contratar la instalación y suministro de agua,

electricidad…Etc. Foco secundario: expositiva (1ª parte y al final) exposición de datos personales (información objetiva) del

poderdante y del apoderado. Cierre de la conclusión


II. Intertextualidad

Ley Orgánica 15/1.999, 13 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.

Las leyes 18-19/1991, 6 de junio. Art. 46.1 de la Ley General Tributaria


III. Relación entre los usuarios Relación entre los usuarios:A) Poderdantes: 2 BritánicosB) Apoderado: Abogada

Relación más lejana

o Documento legal narrado en 3ª personal del plural

“Don…. Nacido en …, el … de … de .. Y su esposa Doña ….”

o Propósito: conceder poder a una persona para que actúe en tu nombre en determinados contextos y ámbitos.


IV. MACROESTRUCTURAS

Líneas introductorias (lugar, fecha, datos notario) “Comparecen” Don… (datos de los poderdantes) “Intervienen en su propio nombre y derecho para

otorgar la presente escritura de poder”… “Exponen que otorgan conjunta o separadamente

poder tan amplio y bastante…” “Puedan” (los poderes otorgados)Ej. I. Comprar toda clase de bienes inmuebles II. Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría… Fórmula conclusión (Yo el Notario hago constar…) Firma

Dividido en secciones


V. NIVEL FORMAL: Sintaxiso Más clasificado en secciones “Comparecen, exponen, puedan…”. Numerosas oraciones coordinadas y

yuxtapuestas.“Comparecer ante cualquier Comisaría de Policía y solicitar y retirar el certificado de RESIDENCIA y N.I.E”

o Numerosas formas en infinitivo (referente a los poderes otorgados: contratar, comprar, actuar…).

o Oraciones más cortas y con más conectores.

“Solicitar y obtener copias del presente poder”.


V. NIVEL FORMAL: morfología Menos redundante “el presente otorgamiento”, “voluntad”(vs. Free and

voluntary) … Menos repetitivo “en su nombre” Uso mayoritario del tiempo de presenteEj. Intervienen…, exponen… o Discurso más perifrástico. “les juzgo con la capacidad legal suficiente para otorgar

la presente escritura” Frecuente uso de anafóricos: “este poder”, “el

presente otorgamiento”, “del presente poder”.


Useful glossary Power of attorney: in Common law systems or mandate in civil law

systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter.

Donor/granter/principal: the person authorizing the other to act. Agent/attorney-in-fact/attorney:the person authorized to act on

somebody’s behalf. Attorney-at-law:A person, learned in law and legally licensed to

practise law (whether in law or giving advice).It could be a synonym for lawyer.

Confer full power of attorney to: authorize or grant the power to carry out some particular actions.

Be of sound mind: a person who is mentally competent. A power can be revocable or irrevocable: the power can be

revoked. Act on someone’s behalf: act on someone’s shoes. For me and in my name: to make emphasis on the

person/subject. Free and voluntary: without being oppressed by anyone.


CONCLUSIÓN Poder notarial: es un documento legal a través del

cual una persona (poderdante) otorga unos poderes al (apoderado) para que éste actúe en su nombre, representándolo.

Hay diferentes tipos: según la amplitud de poderes, la duración y el ámbito.

Los poderes notariales en inglés y en español:A) se asemejan:- en el propósito, en el foco contextual.B) se diferencian:- en la hibridación, en el tenor/tono, en las

macroestructuras y en el nivel formal (sintaxis + morfología).


Bibliografía

Alcaraz, E. (2007) El Inglés Jurídico. Textos y documentos. Ariel Derecho

http://www.sre.gob.mx/francia/poder.htm http://sispain.com/SiSpain/spanish/guia/notarias/

usuales/poderes.html http://www.cosaslegales.es/como-obtener-poder-

notarial/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_attorney http://www.lectlaw.com/filesh/qfl04.htm

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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