polymers carbon based molecules are everywhere!!!
TRANSCRIPT
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Polymers
Carbon Based Molecules Are EVERYWHERE!!!
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Today’s Objectives
• Be able to recognize how carbon-based molecules are obtained from petroleum
• Explain how carbon-based molecules are designed for specific uses.
• Describe how a material’s properties depend on its molecular structure.
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Think about it: What do Windbreakers and Motor Oil have
in common?
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Windbreaker & Motor Oil
• They are both made up of Carbon molecules!!
• Motor Oil is made up of Carbon and Hydrogen
• Nylon in a windbreaker is mainly composed of Carbon and Hydrogen as well
• How can two materials that are so different be made of similar materials???
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Did You Know???
• Carbon based compounds from ancient times are used to make new materials!
• For example: People, animals, and plants
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Hydrocarbons
• A compound made of only carbon and hydrogen.
• Found in the sea• How did they get
there?– The Carbon Cycle
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Carbon Compounds Are Very Important In Our Life!!!
• Petroleum- is found underground and is made from dead organisms. A chemical change takes place and turns organic material to petroleum. People have pumped petroleum out of the ground since the 1850’s.
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Refining Petroleum• In the raw form petroleum is not useful!• It can be separated into different useful
purposes:– Gas: Cooking, heating, manufacturing– Gasoline: Car fuel– Kerosene: Airplane fuel– Fuel Oil: Diesel fuel, heating oil– Greases: Lubrication
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Using Products made from Petroleum
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Gas Prices! What do you Think?
• Why do you think gas prices are rising?
• What can we use to alleviate this problem?
• Let’s take a look at what Experts Say!
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Monomers
• They are single molecules.• Liquid monomers flow easily and are
seldom gooey or sticky to the touch.
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Polymers
• Monomers linked together in identical, repetitive segments that form long chains of molecules.
• Gooey and flow more slowly than liquid monomers.
• Example PVA
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Plastics
• Polypropylene is a fancy name for plastics.
• A plastic is a polymer that can be shaped or molded.
• The first plastic was celluloid, made in 1870.
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Plastics
• Today’s plastics are made artificially, by building polymers from monomers.
• The first artificial polymer invented was Bakelite. It was used for pot handles, jewelry, lamps, buttons, and radio cases.
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Recycling Plastics
• Look on Page 296 in Book!
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Designing Materials
• New polymers are created Everyday!• Teflon- It is made by replacing
hydrogen atoms in a monomer with fluorine atoms and then linking the monomers together.
• It is used as a nonstick coating on pots and pans.
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Other Examples
• Nomex: Used to create fireproof clothing• Scientist then changed the monomers of
Nomex and created Kevlar, which is used in bulletproof vests.
• Nomex and Kevlar are isomers, monomers that have the same basic elements but are arranged differently.
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Time for Review
• What is a monomer?
• What is a polymer?
• What is an isomer?
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Time for Review
• How are polymers useful to us?
• What type of everyday objects are made up of polymers?
• Are plastics made artificially or naturally?
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Time for Review
• Do you think that their will be other polymers discovered? If so, what will we use them for?