pom
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pom evolution of management thaughtsTRANSCRIPT
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POM.EVOLUTION OF MGMT THOUGHT.Early contribution : up to 19th centu.Classical Theory: 1900 1940.Neo-classical app. 1940-1970.Modern approach. 1960-1970 onwards.
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CLASSICAL APPROACH.1. SCIENTIFIC Mgmt.2 Administrative Mgmt.
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New CLASSICAL Approach.1Human relation approach.2 social system approach.3 Decision system approach.4.Mgmt Science approach.5. Human behaviour approach.
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Modern Mgmt Approach.1.Systems Approach.2.Contingency Approach.
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Scientific Mgmt. F.W.TAYLOR- replacing rule of thumb with science.-harmony in group action.- cooperation.-Maximum output.- development of workers.
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Criticism of scientific app.1- no human concern.2- strict control & authoritarian style.3- increase in production orientation.4- compromise with quality.
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Administrative mgmt approach. HENRY FAYOL. 14 PRINCIPLES.1 Division of work.2 Authority & responsibility.3- Discipline.4- Unity of command.5- Unity of direction.6- subordination of individual interest to general interest.7- Remuneration of personnel.
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Principles Contd8- Centralisation. 9- Scalar Chain.10- Order.11- Equity.12- Stability of tenure.13. Initiative.14- Esprit De Corp.
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System approach.
System: a set of pars & combination of parts interrelated o each other.Each part may have many sub parts.All parts are interrelated to each o- ther.All sub pars are also called sub-systems.
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Contd..Features of a system.1.combination of interrelated sub-parts.2. parts are mutually interrelated to each other. 3. these parts are sequentially arranged .4. it has a boundary.5. system transform input in to out puts.
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Types of Systems Closed system. Open System.
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Management Functions.Planning.Organizing.Staffing.Directing.Controlling.
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Nature Of Mgmt. Fns.Are universal in nature.Are interactive in nature.Are normally sequential in nature, but actually are circular in sequence.
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Levels of Mamt.Top mgmt.Middle mgmt.Lower mgmg.
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Top mgmt. hierarchy.Board of directors.Chairman.Managing director or CEO.
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Middle mgmt. hireDeptt. Heads.Regional heads.Managers.Sectional heads.
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Lower mgmt. hire.Senior supervisors.Front line supervisors.Operators.
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Fns of top mgmt.Formulations of long terms plans.Guidance & directions.Integration.Staffing.Review & control.Public relations.
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Coordination.the essence of mgmt.Definition: coord. Is an orderly pattern or arrangement of group efforts to ensure unity of actions of various orgn. Activities to facilitate achievement of common goals.It requires unification of diverse & specialized activities.It involves orderly synchronization of activities, timing , amount , sequence & quality.
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Contd..To coordinate is to ensure hormony.To ensure team work & unified & integration of effort.
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Nature & characterisitics of Coordination.Is not an independent fn of mgmt but is the essence of sound mgmt.Is an basic responsibility of each manager & is hence need of a effective managerial skill.Coordn. Is not volunteer process rather is an dedicated deliberate managerial effort.Is a result of unified actions.Is a continuos process.
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Contd..Is a group effort process hence need participation of aligned group members.Is an balancing process.
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Diffe. between coordination & cooperation. Coordination Cooperation 1. is deliberate effort 1. is a volunteer. of a manager. will of a person. 2. is collective effort. 2. is individual effort 3. is a result of coop. 3. cant ensure coordination. 4. is a group goal 4. is individual oriented goal oriented normally
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Need & significance of coordination.Large & complex business operations.Specialization & division of work.Clash of interests.Different perception of problems.Interdependence of deptts & units.Conflicts.
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Types of coordination.Internal coordination.External coordination.Vertical coordination.Horizontal coordination.Procedural coordination.( org. chart ).Substantive coordination.( blue print of engine drawings ).
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Principles of effective coordination.Direct personal contact effort.Early start & beginning.Level of proper motivation.Right direction.Reciprocity.Continuity.
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Techniques of coordination.Sound planningSimplified organisationsEffective communications.Effective leadership & supervision.Proper chain of command.Introduction of proper incentives.Participative mgmt style.Effective motivational tools.Adequate counselling with workforce.