POWER PLANTS

MEHTAP AKKUŞ LATİFE AKBAŞ

WHAT İS THE POWER PLANT?

Modern life is unimaginable without electricity.

Improving access to electricity worldwide is critical to alleviating poverty

THE WORLD GENERATION BY FUEL 2009

Source:IEA 2011

POWER PLANT FLOW CHART

COAL-FİRED POWER PLANTS

HOW IS COAL CONVERTED TO ELECTRICITY?

ABOUT COAL Coal is

composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, ,sulfur,oxygen, and nitrogen.

OPEN QUARRY COAL MİNE

TURKEY'S ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCTION BY FUEL TYPE DISTRIBUTION

Coal in Electricity Generation

South Africa 93%Poland 87%

PR China 79%Australia 78%

Kazakhstan 75%India 68%Israel 58%

Czech Rep 51%Morocco 51%Greece 54%

USA 45%Germany 41%

Source:IEA 2012

Source: IEA 2012Source: IEA 2012

IN SOME COUNTRIES COAL FUELS A HIGHER

PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRICITY

THE ENVİRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANTS-THE ENVİRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF COAL-FİRED POWER PLANTS

THE EFFECTS OF THE FLUE GASES AND WASTE PRODUCTS

IF YOU USE ANY FILTERS , 100-megawatt coal-fired thermal power plant pollutant effects are seen in the table

SO245,000 TON/YEAR

NOx 26,000 TON/YEAR

CO 750 TON/YEAR

PM 32,500 TON/YEAR

HYDROCARBONS

250 TON/YEAR

ASH 5,660 TON/YEAR

Source: Environmental Problems Foundation of Turkey

SO2 AND NOX GASES ARE PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FORMATION OF ACID RAIN!

Of the region, depending on terrain and weather conditions, the effect may spread to hundreds of kilometers.

PILE OF ASHES SPREAD RADIOACTIVITY TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Perhaps most importantly, uranium are released and spread around, in lignite combustion

PREVENTİON OPPORTUNİTİES

Flue Gas Desulfurizati

on – FSD

Desulphurization unit can hold 95% of

SO2 gas .

However, the FSD is just to

keep the sulfur

OTHER SUBSTANCES EMITTED FROM THE STACKS , ARE FLUE ASH(PARTICULATE MATTER – PM)

Electrostatic filters 95 - 99% rate help keep dust and ashes

SELECTİVE CATALYTİC REDUCTİON

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is a proven and effective method to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from coal-fired power plants.

How does selective catalytic reduction technology work?

During the combustion process, the nitrogen that is present naturally in the coal, and the nitrogen and oxygen present in the combustion air combine to form NOx.  Prior to being released to the atmosphere, the exhaust gas is passed through a large catalyst where the NOx reacts with the catalyst and anhydrous ammonia and is converted to nitrogen and water. Selective catalytic reduction removes between 80 and 90 percent of the NOx that is in the exhaust gas of a coal-fired power plant.

3 x 210 MW power, wherein the first unit in 1982, the second unit in 1983 and the third unit has started to run in 1984

YATAGAN POWER PLANT

- YAKİT ÖN ARİTİMİNA YÖNELİK TEKNİKLER TEKNİK ÇEVRESEL FAYDAYakıt değişikliği çevre profili için daha iyi yakıt

(düşük kükürtlü, düşük kül içerikli)

Kömür paçallamave karıştırma

Emisyonlarda anlık yükselmelerin önlenmesi

Kömür yıkama Filtrelenebilir kirliliklerin Linyit ön kurutma

Verimlilikte yaklaşık 3 – 5 puanlık artış

Kömür gazlaştırma Artan tesis verimliliği ve özellikle NOx’e yönelik

düşük emisyon seviyeleri

SOURCE:ICPP-Entegre Kirlilik Önleme ve KontrolT.C ÇEVRE VE ŞEHİRCİLİK BAKANLIĞI

- TOZ VE PARTIKÜLE BAĞLI AĞIR METAL EMISYONLARININ KONTROL VE ÖNLENMESINE YÖNELIK TEKNIKLERTEKNİK ÇEVRESEL FAYDA

ESP(Elektrostatik filtre)

Partikül emisyonlarının azaltılması.Ağır metal ve Hg (civa) giderilmesi olumludur ancak çok az yan etkiyesahiptir.

Torbalı filtre(FF)

 Partikül emisyonlarının özellikle ince tozun (PM 2.5 ve PM 10) azaltılması.Ağır metal ve Hg (civa) giderilmesi olumludur ancak çok az yan etkiye sahiptir.

Siklonlar Partikül emisyonlarının azaltılması

Baca Gazı Desülfürizasyon (BGD’de aktif karbon ilavesi

Hg emisyonlarının azaltılması

SOURCE:ICPP-Entegre Kirlilik Önleme ve KontrolT.C ÇEVRE VE ŞEHİRCİLİK BAKANLIĞI

SOURCES http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-of-

coal/coal-electricity http://www.duke-energy.com/about-energy/

generating-electricity/coal-fired-how.asp http://www.entergy.com/energy_education/

power_plants.aspx http://www.greenpeace.org/

international/en/campaigns/climate-change/coal/Coal-Power-Plants/

http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/ http://www.ttb.org.tr/eweb/yatagan/2.html http://www.alstom.com/power/coal-oil/air-

quality-control-systems/