powerpoint presentation · nom. storage height 20 ft (6,0m) 35 ft (10,7m) 30 ft (9,1m) ceiling...

2015

OSLO

New

Storage Protection Options

NFPA 13, 2016 edition,

and Beyond

Michael Billstroem

Director of International Technical Services

2© 2015 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.

© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. 3

R 2013 Edition


o 2013 Edition

Commodity Classification

Based on makeup of individual storage unit

using definitions provided.

OR

“. . . [s]pecific test data of commodity

classification by a national recognized

testing agency . . . .”


Commodity Classification Test

NT FIRE 049

• Tre försök med tre olika

vattentätheter.

• Fyra pallar med gods i varje försök.

• Brandeffekten mäts.

Ett exempel: Plastlådor av HDPE

2013 Edition


NFPA 13

2016 Edition

Issue Date: 5/26/2015

(or 8/20/2015 if someone files an appeal)


New Protection Options

NFPA 13 (2016 edition)

1. K25 ESFR & Vertical Barriers

2. K8+ In-Rack & Horizontal Barriers

Beyond

3. K25 Extended Coverage In-Rack &

Horizontal Barriers


1. K25 ESFR & Vertical Barriers

• Protection of Expanded Group A Plastics in

Rack Storage


Fire Protection Research Foundation

Project Team

SponsorsIKEA

Viking Sprinkler

Reliable Sprinkler

Tyco Fire and Building Products

XL Insurance

Property Insurance Research Group

Procter & Gamble

Target

Aon Insurance

Technical Panel

Ken Linder, Swiss Re

Rich Pehrson, Rep. IFMA

Jason Huczek, SwRI

John Denhardt, Strickland Fire Protection

Steve Wolin

Matt Klaus, NFPA Staff Liaison

Project Contractor

Underwriters Laboratories


Approach

Ceiling Only Sprinkler Protection

Vertical Barriers

Large Orifice, Intermediate Temperature Sprinklers

8ft(2,4m) AislesModel N25

K25.2

ESFR


NFPA 13

Chapter 21

Alternative Sprinkler System Designs for Storage

Requires series of large scale fire tests• High clear/low clear• Ignition location relative to sprinklers

Number of sprinklers used in the design must based on the worst-case result obtained in the full-scale fire test series increased by a minimum of 50%• Minimum of 12 sprinklers for standard coverage• 768 sf (71,3m2) minimum operating area


NFPA 13

Chapter 21

Criteria (Section A21.2)Number of operated sprinklersNo sustained combustion at the outer edges of

the target arraysNo sustained combustion at the far end of the

main test arrayNo sprinklers should operate at the outer edges

of the installed sprinkler system1000°F (538°C) maximum 1 minute average

steel temperature measured above the fire


Test Program

Test A Test B Test C

Storage Arrangement Double Row Rack

Nom. Storage Height 20 ft (6,0m) 35 ft (10,7m) 30 ft (9,1m)

Ceiling Height 40 ft (12,2m)

Commodity Polystyrene Meat Trays on Hardwood Pallets

Vertical BarriersMaterialHorizontal distance

Metal~16 ft (4,9m)

Metal~16 ft (4,9m)

3/8 inch Plywood~16 ft (4,9m)

Transverse Flue Spaces Blocked Open Open

Aisle Width 8 ft (2,4m)

Sprinkler ESFR K25.2 Intermediate Temperature at 60 psi (4,1bar)

Ignition Location Between 2 Sprinklers Under 1 Sprinkler


Test A: Setup

High Clearance

Ignited Between 2

Sprinklers


Test A: Damage


Results Summary

Test A Test B Test C

Nom. Storage Height (ft) 20 (6,0m) 35 (10,7m) 30 (9,1m)

Transverse Flue Spaces Blocked Open Open

Ignition Location Between 2 Sprinklers Under 1 Sprinkler

No. of Sprinklers OperatedFirst – Last (min:sec)

60:44 – 3:21

70:48 – 2:28

70:47 – 1:28

Max. 1 minute avg. steel temperature (°F)

117 (47,2C) 134 (56,7C) 127 (52,8C)

Ignition of Target None

Extent of Fire Travel on Main Array

1 bay beyond barrier

1 pallet position beyond barrier

1 pallet positionbeyond barrier


NFPA 13 Criteria

Storage Arrangement

Single-, Double-, and Multiple-row racks

Max. 40 ft (12,2m) ceiling

Max. 35 ft (10,7m) storage

Min. 8 ft (2,4m) aisles

Exposed expanded Group A plastic

commodity


NFPA 13 Criteria

Sprinkler System

K25.2 Intermediate Temperature

ESFR sprinklers

Ceiling only

Hydraulic Design Criteria

12 sprinklers at 60 psi(4,1 bar)

Approx. 2,350 gpm(8,896 lpm) raw

sprinkler water demand


Model N25

K25.2

ESFR

NFPA 13 Criteria

Vertical Barriers

3/8-inch (10mm) plywood, 3/8-inch particle board,

22 gauge metal (0,7mm), or equivalent

Max. 16-1/2 ft ( 5,0m) between barriers

Max.124 sf (11,5m2)of storage between barriers and aisles

Extend through longitudinal flue space

Commodity may extend nominally 4 inches (0,1m) past barrier into aisle

Barrier must extended from max. of 4 inches (0,1m) above floor to top of storage


2. K8+ In-Rack & Horizontal Barriers

Alternative protection to supplement overhead sprinkler system

Permitted for Group A plastics and Class I-IV commodity

Similar to:

FM Global Scheme 8-9A

NFPA 13 (2013) Section 17.1.5.7 for solid shelves

Prior combustible liquids tests


Horizontal Barriers

3/8-inch (10mm) plywood or 22 gauge (0,7mm) metal

Cover flue spaces

3-inch (0,08m) max. gap permitted at uprights

3-inch (0,08m) max. gap permitted at rack members, pipe drops, etc.

Vertical spacing

Open frame: 12 ft (3,6m) max.

Solid shelving: every level


Hydraulic Design

Calculation

Not balanced with overhead system

60 gpm (227lpm) per in-rack sprinkler

Single row racks: 6 in-rack sprinklers

Double/Multiple row racks: 8 in-rack sprinklers

Hose demand: 500 gpm

Water supply duration: 2 hours


In-Rack Sprinklers

K8.0 or larger

Quick-response

Ceiling or in-rack


Model GL112

K11.2

Pendent & Upright

Spray Sprinklers

Single Row Racks


Double Row Racks


Multiple Row Racks


3. K25 EC In-Rack & Horizontal

Barriers

New concept for in-rack sprinkler protection

Supported by full-scale fire testing at UL

Not in NFPA 13

Patent Pending

N-RACK-ECTM

Extended Coverage In-Rack Sprinkler System


Model N252 EC

K25.2

Extended Coverage

CMDA\CMSA Sprinkler

Conventional vs. N-RACK-ECTM


Conventional In-Rack Sprinkler N-RACK-ECTM

30 spr vs. 2 spr

The Sprinkler

Conventional In-Rack

K8 or K11.2 Standard Coverage

N-RACK-ECTM

K25.2 Extended Coverage


N-RACK-ECTM

Tests

Exposed Expanded Group A plastics

Cartoned Unexpanded Group A plastics

Combustible Liquids

Lithium Ion Batteries

Aerosols


Exposed Expanded Group A plastics

Double-Row Racks

Horizontal

barriers at 20 ft

(6,0m) intervals

for EEP



C-C 2,5m

Rack Storage of

Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics

Ceiling Height = 40 ft (12,2m)

Storage Height = 35 ft (10,7m)

3/8-inch Plywood Horizontal Barrier at 20 ft (6,0m)

Ceiling Sprinklers

K-16.8 ESFR @ 50 psi (3,4bar)

In-Rack Sprinklers

212° F (100C) K-25.2 EC Pendent @ 30 psi (2,0bar)


Damage


Results

Extent of fire spread: 1 bay from ignition

Ignition of target: No

1-min avg. Steel Temp: 102°F (38,9C)

Ceiling sprinklers operated: 1

In-Rack sprinklers operated: 2


Applications

Protection for high hazard commodities

Existing buildings with increase in hazard

classification

Buildings taller than 48 ft (14,6m)

Areas with limited water supplies

Water savings


The Future of Storage


20’/30’

60’/90’

40’/60’

80’/120’

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Summary

New options to protect Exposed Expanded

Group A plastics


Option Sprinkler Barriers(Interval)

Max. CeilingHeight

In-RackSprinklers

WaterDemand

1 K25 ESFR Vertical(16-1/2 ft)(5,0m)

40 ft(12,2m)

N/A 2,350+ gpm(8,896lpm)

2 K8+ QR Horizontal(12 ft)(3,7m)

UnlimitedRepeatprotection

Yes~5 per level per bay in a DRR

480+ gpm(1,817lpm)

3 ReliabeN252 ECK25.2

Horizontal(20 ft)(6,0m)

UnlimitedRepeat protection

Yes1 per level per bay in a DRR

420+ gpm(1,590lpm)

Storage

Outline

Why is storage different?

Definitions

Commodities

Michael Billstroem

Director of International Technical Services

The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.

Why is Storage Different?

Codes & Standards

NFPA 13 2013 edition

• Chapter 12 General Requirements for Storage

• Chapter 13 Miscellaneous and Storage < 12’-0”

• Chapter 14 Class I-IV Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin

Box and Shelf Storage

• Chapter 15 Plastic & Rubber Storage Palletized,

Solid Piled, Bin Box and Shelf Storage

• Chapter 16 Class I-IV Storage on Racks

• Chapter 17 Plastic & Rubber Storage on Racks

• Chapter 18 Rubber Tire Storage

• Chapter 19 Roll Paper Storage

• Chapter 20 Special Storage Designs

• Chapter 21 Alternative Sprinkler system Design

Definitions

Available Height for Storage

• The maximum height at which

commodities can be stored

above the floor and still

maintain the necessary

clearance from structural

members and the required

clearance below sprinklers.

Cartoned

• Storage consisting of

corrugated cardboard or

paperboard fully enclosing the

commodity

Definitions

Compact Storage

• Storage arranged as part

of a compact storage

module on shelves not

exceeding 36” in depth, no

more than 30” between

shelves vertically with no

internal vertical flues

Carton Records Storage

• A Class III commodity

consisting predominantly

of paper records in

cardboard cartons

Definitions

Compact Storage

Module

• A type of shelving unit

whereby the units move

to allow for storage to

be pushed together

creating storage with

no flues or minimal

flues. Modules can be

manual or electric

Definitions

Encapsulation

• A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet

completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet

load containing a combustible commodity.

Combustible commodities individually wrapped and

stored exposed in a pallet load are encapsulated.

Totally noncombustible commodities on wood pallets

enclosed by plastic sheet are not considered

encapsulated.

Banding (wrapping the sides only) is not considered

encapsulation.

Holes or voids greater than 50% on the top are not

encapsulated

Does not apply to plastic enclosed packages inside a

large, non-plastic enclosed container.

Definitions

Encapsulated

Definitions

Non Encapsulated

Definitions

Expanded Plastics

(Foamed or Cellular)

• Plastics in which the

density is reduced by

the presence of

numerous small

cavities (cells),

interconnecting or not,

dispersed throughout

their mass

Definitions

Exposed Plastics

• Plastics not in packaging or

coverings that absorb water

or appreciably retard the

burning hazard of the

commodity. (Paper wrapped or

encapsulated, or both, should

be considered exposed).

Free Flowing Plastics

• Plastics that fall out of their

containers during a fire, fill

flue spaces and create a

smothering effect on the fire.

(Powder, pellets, flakes or

random-packed small objects)

Standard Commodities for Testing

Images © 2013 UL LLC. All rights reserved.Used with permission.

Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

CartonedUnexp. Group A

CartonedExpanded Group A

Exposed Expanded Group A

Classifications based on NFPA 13

Definitions

High Piled Storage

• Solid-piled, palletized, rack storage, bin

box, and shelf storage in excess of 12 feet

in height.

Miscellaneous Storage

• Storage that does not exceed 12 feet and is

incidental to another occupancy group.

Storage shall not constitute more than 10

percent of the building area or 4000 ft² of

sprinklered area whichever is greater.

Storage shall not exceed 1000 ft² per pile

Each pile shall be separated by 25 feet from

other piles

Definitions

Pallets

• Conventional Pallet – a material handling

aid designed to support a unit load with

openings to provide access for material

handling devices.

• Plastic Pallet – Any portion consisting of

plastic

• Reinforced Plastic Pallet – A plastic pallet

incorporating a secondary reinforcing

material (such as steel or fiberglass) within

the pallet.

• Slave Pallet – A special pallet captive to a

material handling system.

• Wood Pallet – A pallet constructed entirely

of wood with metal fasteners.

DefinitionsPallets

Definitions

Closed Array

• Storage arrangement where air

movement in the pile is restricted

because of 6 in. or less vertical

flues.

Open Array

• Storage arrangement where air

movement in the pile is enhanced

because of 6 in. or larger vertical

flues.

Bin Box Storage

• Storage in a five-sided wood, metal,

or cardboard boxes with open face

on the aisles.

Definitions

Shelf Storage

• Storage on structures up to and including 30

in. deep and separated by aisles at least 30 in.

wide.

Back to Back Shelf Storage

• Two solid or perforated shelves up to 30 in. in

depth, not exceeding a total depth of 60 in.,

separated by a longitudinal vertical barrier

such as plywood, particleboard, sheet metal,

or equivalent, with a maximum 0.25 in.

diameter penetrations and no longitudinal flue

space and a maximum storage height of 15 ft.

Solid-Piled Storage

• Storage of commodities stacked on each other

with no pallets or aides. Piles can be stable or

unstable.

Definitions

Rack

• Any combination of

vertical, horizontal,

and diagonal structural

members that support

stored materials or

commodities.

Single Row Rack

• Racks that have no

longitudinal flue space

and that have a depth

up to 6 ft. in width with

aisles of at least 3.5 ft.

between loads on

racks.

Definitions

Double Row Rack

• Racks less than or equal to 12 ft. in depth or single row

racks placed back to back not exceeding 12 ft.

Definitions

Multiple Row

Racks

• Racks greater

than 12 ft. in

depth or

single or

double row

racks

separated by

aisles less

than 3.5 ft.

wide having

an overall

width greater

than 12 ft.

Definitions

Flow Through Rack Portable Rack

Definitions

Open Rack

• Racks without shelving or with shelves in racks that are fixed in

place with shelves having a solid surface and a shelf equal to or

less than 20 ft² or with shelves having wire mesh, slatted surface,

or other material with openings representing the horizontal area of

rack members and where the flue spaces are maintained.

Definitions

Solid Shelving

• Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh, or other type of shelves located

within racks. The area is defined by an aisle or flue space on all

four sides. Solid shelves having an area equal to or less than 20 ft²

shall be defined as open racks. Shelves of wire mesh, slats, or

other materials more than 50% open shall be defined as open

racks.

Definitions

Longitudinal Flue

Space

• The space between

rows of storage

perpendicular to the

direction of loading

with a width not

exceeding 24 in.

between storage.

Transverse Flue

Space

• The space between

rows of storage

parallel to the

direction of loading.

Definitions

Horizontal Barrier

• A solid barrier in the horizontal position

covering the entire rack, including all flue

spaces at certain height increments to

prevent vertical fire spread.

Bulkhead

• A vertical barrier across the rack.

Roof Height

• The distance between the floor and the

underside of the roof deck within the

storage area.

Definitions

Laced Tire

Storage

• Tires stored

where the

sides of the

tires overlap,

creating a

woven or laced

appearance.

Definitions Pyramid Tire Storage

• On-floor storage in which

tires are formed into a

pyramid for stability

On Side Tire Storage

• Tires stored horizontally

or flat.

On-Tread Tire Storage

• Tires stored vertically or

on their treads.

Definitions

Typical Open Portable Rack

Definitions

Typical Palletized Portable Rack

Definitions Roll Paper Storage

• Closed Array

A vertical storage

arrangement in which the

distances between

columns in both directions

are short (not more than 2

in. in one direction and 1

in. in the other).

• Open Array

A vertical storage


distance between columns

in both directions is

lengthy.

• Standard Array

A vertical storage


distance between columns

in one direction is short (1

in. or less) and is in

excess of 2 in. in the other

direction.

Commodity ClassificationSeven types of commodities

• Class I (FM – Glass jars in compartmented

cardboard cartons)

• Class II (FM – Metal lined double tri-wall

cartons)

• Class III (FM – Paper cups in

compartmented cartons)

• Class IV (FM – Polystyrene and paper cups

in compartmented cardboard cartons)

• Group A Plastics (FM – Polystyrene cups in

compartmented cardboard cartons)

• Group B Plastics (Same as Class IV)

• Group C Plastics (Same as Class III)

Class I

• Defined as a non-

combustible product

that meets one of the

following criteria.

1) Placed directly on

wood pallets

2) Placed in single-layer

corrugated cartons,

with or without

single-thickness

cardboard dividers,

with or without

pallets

3) Shrink-wrapped or

paper-wrapped as a

unit load with or

without pallets.


Examples of Class I Commodities

• Alcoholic Beverages (up to 20% alcohol) in

metal, glass or ceramic

• Appliances (stoves, refrigerators) not

packaged with no appreciable plastic trim

• Bottles/Jars (plastic less than 5 gal filled

with noncombustible liquid)

• Frozen foods (nonwax nonplastic

packaging)

• Paints (friction top cans, water-based

[latex])

• Poultry Products (frozen with nonwax

nonplastic containers)


Class II

• Defined as a non-

combustible product

that is in slatted

wooden crates, solid

wood boxes,

multiple-layered

corrugated cartons,

or equivalent

combustible

packaging material,

with or without

pallets.


Examples of Class II Commodities

• Alcoholic Beverages (up to 20% alcohol) in

wooden containers

• Appliances (stoves, refrigerators) in

corrugated cartons with no appreciable plastic

trim

• Baked Goods (cookies, cakes and pies) frozen

and in plastic coated package

• Frozen foods (waxed paper containers,

cartoned)

• Plastic Containers (Noncombustible liquids in

larger than 5 gal containers)

• Poultry Products (frozen on paper or plastic

trays)

• Wood Products in solid piles


Class III

• Defined as a product

fashioned from wood,

paper, natural fibers

(cloth or leather), or

Group C plastics with

or without cartons,

boxes, or crates and

with or without

pallets.

• Allowed to have a

limited amount of

Group A or B plastics

(5 percent by weight

or volume or less)


Examples of Class III Commodities

• Aerosols (Level I) (shaving cream)

• Baked Goods (cookies, cakes packaged in

cartons)

• Charcoal (bagged)

• Frozen Foods (on plastic trays)

• Grains (packaged in cartons)

• Paper products (Books, magazines,

stationery, cartoned tissue products)

• Textiles except rayon and nylon (natural

fibers)

• Wood furniture (no plastic coverings or

foam plastic cushioning)


Class IV

• Defined as a product or

Class I, II, or III product,

with or without pallets,

that meets one of the

following criteria:

1) Constructed partially or

totally of Group B

plastics

2) Consists of free-flowing

Group A plastic materials

3) Contains within itself or

its packaging an

appreciable amount of

Group A plastics

5 percent to 15 percent

by weight or

5 percent to 25 percent

by volume


Examples of Class IV Commodities

• Ammunition (small arms or shotgun ammo

packaged in cartons)

• Bottles/Jars (empty cartoned PET)

• Liquor (100 proof in glass or plastic bottles

cartoned)

• Paints in friction top cans, cartoned

• Pharmaceuticals (pills or powders in

plastic bottles cartoned)

• Vinyl floor tiles in cartons


Group A Plastics

• Acrylic

• Butyl rubber

• Natural rubber

(expanded)

• PET (thermoplastic

polyester)

• Polyethylene

• Polypropylene

• Polystyrene

• Polyurethane


Examples of Group A Plastics

• Batteries (truck or larger)

• Candles packaged & Cartoned

• Diapers (Disposable plastic & uncartoned)

• Wood furniture with foam plastic

cushioning

• Mattresses (foam)

• Milk (in plastic crates)

• Paper products (Tissue products,

uncartoned and plastic wrapped)

• Stuffed toys (Foam or synthetic)

• Vinyl floor coverings (rolls)


Examples of Group B Plastics

• Nylon

• Silicone rubber

• Natural rubber (not expanded)

Examples of Group C Plastics

• PVC (Rigid or lightly plasticized – such as

PVC pipe & fittings)


Mixed Commodities

• Use the highest classified commodity and

storage arrangement except as follows:

Allowed up to 10 pallet loads per 40,000 ft²

Higher hazard commodity randomly

dispersed with no adjacent loads in any

direction – including diagonally

If ceiling protection is Class I or II, only 5

pallet loads of Class IV or Group A allowed

• Where higher hazard commodity is

confined to a designated area and

protected as such, lower hazard protection

can be used for lower commodity class


Plastic Pallets (Polypropylene or high density

polyethylene)

• All commodity classification rules assume that wooden or

steel pallets are used.

• Unreinforced plastic pallets may be used but classification

must be increased (1) class

Group A Plastics are not required to be increased.

Pallets shall be marked with a permanent symbol indicating they

are unreinforced otherwise classified as reinforced

• Reinforced plastic pallets may be used but classification

must be increased (2) classes.

Group A Plastics are not required to be increased.

Class IV commodities need to be increased (1) class.

• Commodity class increases not required if pallets have been

tested and listed to be equal to or less flammable than wood

pallets

• Plastic pallets can be used without increase if K-16.8 or

larger ceiling sprinklers are utilized

• Other plastic materials need to be listed or incur a (2) class

upgrade


Questions

[email protected]

All references to air supply in

NFPA 13 now also include:

“or nitrogen”.

The Days of the Air Compressor

are Numbered

Studies show: A piping system filled with nitrogen will

have a life expectancy 12-13 times that of being filled

with air!

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South-Tek Systems: Corrosion Inhibiting,

Nitrogen Generators

powerpoint presentation · nom. storage height 20 ft (6,0m) 35 ft (10,7m) 30 ft (9,1m) ceiling...

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