Prepare Tem 4 Prepare Tem 4 AAtt t thhe e llaasst t mmoommeenntt

英语四级写作

integrated skillsintegrated skills

整体技巧

考试要求考试要求

四级考试中的写作项目为

一篇命题作文 + 一篇应用文

命题作文要求命题作文要求

观点清楚、例证充分、结构严谨、层次分明、合乎逻辑、语言得体、无重大语法错误。

重中之重重中之重

审题

Education as a lifelong processEducation as a lifelong process

People need to be educated in order to develop their potentials and push the society onwards. Some people simply see education as going to schools; whereas most people view education as a lifelong process. In my point of view, education is of great significance to a society. I would like to explain it in the following two points.

————————————————————————————————————

Travel broadens the mindTravel broadens the mind

跑题种种 讲述井底之蛙的故事 介绍外出旅游的准备工作 发展旅游业由当地经济的关系 出国留学的利弊

开头： Traveling is like reading a book. It makes a wise man better, but a fool worse.

Tem4Tem4 的作文题目是一串话的作文题目是一串话 例： Every college student would agree that life in college

is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students’ Union to write a passage entitled:

THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MY COLLEGE LIFE AND MY MIDDLE SCHOOL LIFE

as part of an introduction programme for new students coming in September.

题目后面还有对每一段的写作要求题目后面还有对每一段的写作要求 You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think

the main difference is between college and middle school life.

In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why.

In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.

对每一段的写作要求因题目而异对每一段的写作要求因题目而异We see advertisements on television every

day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others don’t think so. What is your opinion?

Topic:

A MAJOR ADVANTAGE/DISADVATAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION

You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state just ONE major

advantage or disadvantage of TV advertising.

In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your point of view.

In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.

不照着段落要求来写就要扣分

又例又例Topic: A Part-time jobNowadays it has become fashionable for col

lege students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly your

viewpoints on both the advantages and disadvantages.

In the second paragraph, support your viewpoint with details or examples.

In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.

The first paragraphThe first paragraph

State clearly what you think the main difference is between college and middle school life.

Well-doneWell-done

Whereas life in middle school is filled with endless exercises, homework and exams, life in college is pregnant with parties, sports, games, interesting contests and other colorful activities.

The second paragraphThe second paragraph

State which life you prefer and why.

ill-doneill-done Study is one of the most important parts of life.

In middle school, we were taught by our teacher most of the time and we spent much time to learn by ourselves. But in university, teachers only lead us to learn the important points. As for the details, we must study intensively by ourselves. Besides studying, standing the teat of a rigorous life is also important. The biggest problem is how to get on well with roommates. Living together will give rise to some unpleasantness because every person has his own way, and each one of us will lack privacy. In addition, we must wash our cloths with hands instead of the washing machine.

Well-doneWell-done

The advantage of this self-arranged life is obvious. For one thing, I feel much relaxed both physically and emotionally. Pressure from academic study has been reduced to such an acceptable level that learning becomes a kind of enjoyment and pleasure. Classroom is rather a stage to show out talent than a battlefield to struggle for scores.

Moreover, more free time, in a sense, means more chances for us to join in the social life. Taking a part-time job, for instance, provides us who are still unused to the world an opportunity to negotiate with different customers and to adjust ourselves to such a rapidly changing society. This, undeniably, a great deal of wealth we can benefit from through our life.

The third paragraphThe third paragraph

Bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.

Well-doneWell-done

All in all, college life is much different from middle school life. It is a transition from campus to society. We should value and make good use of it.

Well-doneWell-done

To sum up, I live a quite different life in college from which I become much more responsible for my own life and study. To those new students in the university, I would say, “Welcome to join us and enjoy an independent college life.”

善于开拓话题善于开拓话题考生的作文浅表化比较普遍，缺乏新意

和深度，暴露出生活积累薄弱和感悟能力差等弱点。

More pressure from academic More pressure from academic studies does no good to usstudies does no good to us

It is known that interest is the mother of success. But we never say pressure is the mother of success. In fact, excessive pressure is the mother of resistance. We grown-up university students do not need more pressure from academic studies because it will do harm to us mentally and physically.

Where there is oppression, there is resistance. When students get more pressure from academic studies, they may naturally reject it in their deep mind because they feel that they are forced to study by the pressure but not their own willing. So they may adopt some improper means to get rid of pressure, which finally will damage their interest to academic studies. On the other hand, more pressure from studies will make students nervous and tired easily, which will visibly do harm to their health.

In conclusion, giving more pressure to students in academic studies is an incorrect way to encourage them to study well. Teachers should give it up quickly and find another way to arouse students’ interest in study.

intra-sentence skillsintra-sentence skills

句际技巧

扩展与收拢扩展与收拢

Mozart is often quoted as a familiar example of ardent interest and sustained endeavor. Walking, or at the theater, or even while engaged in social amusements, he lived in a self-created atmosphere of music. His head was working all the time.

扩展与收拢扩展与收拢

Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is faced with drawbacks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident.

第二段中一定要举例第二段中一定要举例 Why is the world getting smaller and smaller?

For one thing, faster and safer means of transport have greatly reduced distance. In the past it took people eight weeks to cross the Pacific Ocean, but now an air journey from Shanghai to New York only takes eight hours. For another, the quickening pace of modern society creates more opportunities for people to visit each other. For example, business activities and cultural exchange have brought people into constant contact with the world.

不一定非要用不一定非要用 for examplefor example

This does not mean that thinking must always be conscious. The evidence that the unconscious mind can join in purposeful mental activity is overwhelming. The most dramatic example of this is the fact that insights often come to us when we are no longer working on a problem.

Taxies also cause a lot of problems. Some drivers usually park their cars at any place they like. They block the traffic. Other drivers sometimes drive very fast to save time so that they can earn more money. They cause many traffic accidents. Still other drivers charge much more than they should, and make the customers quite unhappy.

出租车也造成大量的问题。有的司机通常随意停放车子 , 阻塞了交通 ; 其他一些司机有时把车开得飞快 , 好赚更多的钱 , 造成许多交通事故。还有些司机漫天要价 , 把顾客弄得相当不愉快。

加入语篇标记词 加入语篇标记词 Add discourse markersAdd discourse markers

Taxies also cause a lot of problems. Some drivers usually park their cars at any place they like. As a result, they block the traffic. Other drivers sometimes drive very fast to save time so that they can earn more money. Consequently, they cause many traffic accidents. Still other drivers charge much more than they should, and thus make the customers quite unhappy.

coherencecoherence

连贯

The development of industry demands large areas of land. The already limited land is decreasing very rapidly. We should make the best use of our land. In cities, a careful and elaborate city plan should be worked out. In the countryside, farmers should be educated to use the land wisely. The government should reinforce the laws to punish those who waste the land.

The development of industry demands large areas of land. As a result, the already limited land is decreasing very rapidly. Therefore, we should make the best use of our land. In cities, a careful and elaborate city plan should be worked out. In the countryside, farmers should be educated to use the land wisely. Moreover, the government should reinforce the laws to punish those who waste the land.

句际技巧要点句际技巧要点主题句分主题句扩展与收拢

举例连贯：用语篇标记词

inter-sentence skillsinter-sentence skills

句内技巧

BBrainstorminrainstormingg

key words:

synonymous expressions 近义表达 :

antonymous expressions 反义表达 :

Diamond words 闪光措辞

学过的例子学过的例子 Confidence - faith - build up faith - feel capable of doing sth. lack of confidence - lose heart - feel frustrated   平时练作文时就要养成找同义表达和

反义表达的习惯。

Diamond WordsDiamond Words

Take one’s courage in both hands

勇往直前；敢作敢为Have/lack the courage of one’s conviction

有 / 没有勇气做自己认为对的事

Diamond sentencesDiamond sentences

An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of wit.

Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维加利福尼亚州南部阳光充足，气候宜人，

是拍摄影片的理想场所。The constant sunshine and mild climate of s

outhern California made it an ideal site for shooting motion pictures.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一

种愉快。Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is

sorrow tasted privately.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。She was asked ten questions in the oral exa

mination and answered every one of them correctly.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。

Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维主语和谓语动词之间适宜安插评述性状语

他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.

我觉得那个人靠得住。 The man, I believe, is reliable.

摆脱汉语思维摆脱汉语思维

主语和谓语动词之间不适宜安插修饰性状语

他在巴黎就读一年，完成了学业。He rounded out his education by spending a

year in Paris.

有些照片技术高超，内容有趣，值得一提。

A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content.

标点标点分号后面可以接有连接意义的副词：

The news may be surprising; nevertheless, it is true.

Nobody expected him to succeed in the examination; however, he came out first.

It’s too late to go for a walk; besides, it’s beginning to rain.

学生笔下的佳句学生笔下的佳句Love is important. He who loses wealt

h loses much, he who loses love loses more, but he who loses capacity to love loses all.

学生笔下的佳句学生笔下的佳句

First of all, being in a good mood makes everything around us pleasant and ourselves pleasant to others.

学生笔下的佳句学生笔下的佳句

Sometimes pressure can encourage one to work harder. However, pressure to students is what food to people. It can’t be lacked; it can’t be too much as well.

Methods of trainingMethods of training

1. Imitate the sample structures

2. Refinement

imitationimitation

描红

Mozart is often quoted as a familiar example of ardent interest and sustained endeavor. Walking, or at the theater, or even while engaged in social amusements, he lived in a self-created atmosphere of music. His head was working all the time.

范文范文

描红描红Chen Qinghua is often quoted as a good exa

mple of hard working and diligence. Walking or at the canteen, or even while engaged in social entertainments, she lived in a self-created atmosphere of English. Her head was working all the time.

描红描红Lu Xun is often quoted as a familiar exampl

e loyal patriotism and sustained endeavor. Walking, or at his own pavilion, or even while talking with other people, he never stopped thinking about the public and the future of China. His head was working all the time.

refinementrefinement

炼句

Awful Awful organizationorganization But the question is, how can the tourists enjoy

themselves under the control of travel agency? How can you travel around 5 cities in eastern China during 4 days?

RefinementBut the question is, how can the tourists enjoy

themselves under the control of the travel agency? How can a tourist, for example, travel around 5 cities in eastern China during 4 days?

Awful Awful organizationorganizationPackage tour is surely convenient for

tourists and also safe. I give up the convenience willingly for several reasons.

Refinement A package tour is surely convenient

and safe for tourists. Nevertheless, I give up the convenience willingly for several reasons.

Common Common errorserrors In a package tour, tourists can gain more chances

to communicate, to share what they saw and heard with one another.

Correction

In a package tour, tourists can get more chances to communicate, to share what they have seen and heard with one another.

Common errorsCommon errors

College life is a unique time in our life. It will give you another prime time.

So, as we have grown up to be college students, we should value the freedom the college life gives us and take it as a turning point to develop your abilities.

Redundancy Redundancy 冗余冗余When you are in good mood, you may feel

all the world is smiling to you; you seem to have been injected vigor; you want to try everything. This is the power of good mood. It’s important to keep in good mood.

应用文应用文看清题目要求，必须面面俱到。注意格式正确字数不能过分超标

例例 Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with

your teacher, Professor Wang. Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting. You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.

分析：题中包含四项内容1. Apologize for failure to turn up for the appointment

2. The reason for failure to turn up

3. Make a request for another meeting

4. Suggest the time for the requested meeting