presentation: times, groups, format clarify criteria-outline presentation includes asking and...
TRANSCRIPT
Presentation:times, groups, formatclarify criteria-outlinepresentation includes asking
and answering of questions
Format of midterm test- 6 short answer questions (5 marks each)-class time- 45 minutes-date-5 Nov 2013
The
Math & Science Centre Fall 2013 The Math & Science Centre will open for the term on Wednesday, September 18th. The centre, which provides drop-in tutoring support in introductory math, science & business courses, will be open Mondays through Thursdays throughout the term from 3:00 pm – 8:00 pm. The Math & Science Centre is located in the Learning Commons. For more information, please visit:
http://www.cbu.ca/academics/math-science-centre
A note-taker has been requested for NUTR 2101.
The note-taker is a student the Nutrition 2101 class who simply photocopies (a photocopier is available here at the centre) their notes or emails them to the Centre if they are typed, from the beginning of the term and continues to do so for the remainder of the fall term 2013. They will be paid $100 at the end of the term for hand written notes or $150 for typed notes. Any interested students to come to the Jennifer Keeping AccessAbility Centre, where Ms. Campbell will further explain the process.
The
Lecture 2- 17 Sept 2013
Introduction to Nutritional Assessment
Outline of todays talk
Definition of Nutrition
Introduction to NutritionImpact of NutritionNutritional choicesNutrients DefinedEnergy yielding nutrientsNon-energy yielding nutrientsPlanning a healthy diet
What is pathology?What are socioeconomic factors?What is nutritional assessment?
-how is nutritional assessment made?
I. Introduction to Nutrition
Choices of quantity and quality of nutrition have a significant impact on the longevity and quality of a person’s life
Food and hence nutritional choices depend on:Personal preferenceHabitEthnic heritage or traditionSocial interactionAvailability of foodConvenience of foodEconomy of foodPositive and negative associationsEmotional conflictValuesBody imageAdvertising
Nutrients defined:
chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body: nutrients may reduce disease risk or promote reduction of ongoing pathology
The
Issue Issue of protein causing osteoporosis-although high calcium intakes are not significantly affected by high protein intake, low calcium intakes are not generally sufficient to offset a high protein intake of protein causing osteoporosis-
Energy yielding nutrients -all organic- i.e. carbon containing:
CarbohydratesLipidsProteins
4/9/4 kcal/ gram- remember calories are
really kcal17/37/17 kjoules /gram
Energy is used for warmth, body maintenance(build new compounds/turnover), movement
Non-energy yielding nutrients-but can assist in deriving energy from energy yielding compounds Vitamins-organic Minerals-inorganic-non-
carbon containing Water
A disease that generally manifests itself late in life-may have its origin in early life during the period of skeletal growth and peak bone mass accumulation bone loss starts in mid-adul
Nutrients classified:
Essential or indispensable vs non-essential
primarily calcium loss- calcium is being lost faster than it is being replaced
Non-nutrients-helpful, neutral or harmful
Alcohol 7 kcal/gm or 29 kjoules/gram
Phytochemicals and chemicals from animal and other sources such as?
Additives etc
Planning a healthy diet
To do this bear in mind
AdequacyBalanceEnergy controlNutrient densityModerationVariety
BREAK- 10 MINUTES
What is pathology?
medical science concerned with all aspects of disease, but with special reference to the essentialnature, causes and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functionalchanges that result from the disease processes
What are socioeconomic factors?
-a combination of social and economic factors that have influence on a person’s life-distinctionbetween social and economic factors may be blurred-why?
w
What are socioeconomic factors?
Prestigeperceived value of aperson to society or
part(s) of society
w
What are socioeconomic factors?
What is meant by value in thiscase?
w
Occupational prestige
job is major source of income, wealth and power
social prestige exists as well-we are evaluated on the basis of the work that we do
Prestige continued
societal perceptions- if a person has prestige people tend to listen to them- impact of this in terms of nutrition? /nutritionalassessment?
Prestige continued
educational prestige is basedwhat degree or training one has,the post-secondary institution where it was obtained and the money it cost to get that degree or training
Power-
-the ability to control or influenceone’s own position or the position of others in society- in part power means influencing the political agenda-what does position mean?
How would such power affect nutrition and disease?/nutritional assessment?
IncomeSalary earned by a person
What does salary do to influence the difference between rich and poor?
Compare the United States and Canada in terms of wealth distribution- which is fairer?
Compare first, second and third world-impact on nutrition and disease/nutritional assessment-
Wealth-
-income is but one component of a person’s or family’s wealth-
-wealth is the total amount of money and other assets minus outstanding debts
Power
In Canadian society, wealth stands as an important source of power-major owners of corporate stock make decisions that create jobs or cause downsizing of companies for ordinary people- how does this affectgovernment policy in terms of nutrition and nutritional assessment?
Power continued
-if a few very wealthy persons control most of the nation’s wealth- can one have a true democracy?
What is the impact of this on nutritional well being?
What is the impact of this on nutritional assessment?
Education
Those who are well-educated tend to make better nutritional choices
What does well-educated mean and how does that influence nutritional choices and nutritional assessment?
Education continued
Opportunities for educationare influenced by what factors?
Social statificationancestry- the family into
which one is born- aside fromwealth,power, prestige etc what effect would ancestry have on nutrition and nutritional assessment?
Social statificationgender-bias against women-Women tend not to inherit the social position of their fathers in the same way that men do?
However generally there are more resources available to men and women of wealthy families compared to those less well off.
Social statificationEthnicity-one text suggests that-in Canada-people of Asian origin have higher levels of educational achievement than those of French or British origin and that Blacks are ahead on some educational measures and labour force participation with aboriginal persons having on average less education and access to the job market.
Social statificationEthnicity-one text suggests that-in Canada average incomes decline steadily going from British to French to Asian to Black to Aboriginal men
Conflict between education and income? Why?
Social statificationEthnicity-one text suggests that-in Canada -Among women these income distinctions are not as sharp
Average income of black women is greater than that of French and Asian origin-substantial education and labour force involvement is higher among black women-why?
Social statificationClass-
Upper class-much of its income from inherited wealth
Social statificationClass-
Upper uppers-assigned by birth
Social statificationClass-
Lower uppersworking rich-nouveau richethough most do inherit some wealth
Social statificationClass-
Upper middlessalary 50-100 K per year
mostly university educated
lack power of upper classto influence national or international events
Social statificationClass-
Average middlesrest of middle class-eg
bank tellers, middle managers and sales clerks
Social statificationClass-
Working class- work and have little or no accumulated wealth
Social statificationClass-
Lower class
20 % of population with lowest family income
Social statificationAge Class-
elderly may slip economically
Social statification
What is the impact of social stratification on nutrition and nutritional assessment?
Global economy
What impact does the globalisation of trade have onnutrition and nutritional assessment?
Government
What role does government play in nutrition and nutritional assessment?
Business
The corporate world (eg ADM) is able to influence world food supply- how? and what impact does this influence have on nutritional assessment?
Psychology
Advertisers influence what we eat
Mental illness dictates the quality of the diet
What are the implications of thesestatements?
History
History affects where people live, their income and all other features listed as socioeconomic factorsHow?
Group discussion
How do all these socioeconomic factors relate to one another in terms of nutrition and health and nutritional assessment?
Group discussion
What are the socioeconomic factors related to nutrition and disease in Cape Breton ?
BREAK
10 MINUTES
What is nutritional assessment?
Assessment of the impact of nutritional status, intervention or lack of intervention
How is nutritional assessment made?History
nutrient intake analysis-what is left on plate for example
daily food record/diary-as it occursretrospective data
24 hour recall
food frequency questionnaire
How is nutritional assessment made?Anthropometry examples
skin foldsheightweightBMIcircumferences-eg waistimpedance measurements
How is nutritional assessment made?
Nutrition focussed physical exam
looking for signs and symptoms of nutritional deficiencies or toxicities
-eg blindness, stunted growthobesity
performed frequently by a physician ornurse practitioner
How is nutritional assessment made?Skin testing-introduction of antigens-extent of reaction dictates nutritional status-this is riddled with problems as exact information is required on nutrient intake, metabolic state, current illness, recent exposure to infectious agents and duration of immune deficit as well as familiarity with genetic factors- in short not a good tool
How is nutritional assessment made?Handgrip dynamometry
-hand strength
How is nutritional assessment made?Biochemical analyses
mostly blood-eg blood sugar, lipids etc
How is nutritional assessment made?Classifying malnutrition
we will look at each of the diseases and discuss on a case by case basis-looking for signs and symptoms of malnutrition
Nutritional assessment also involves assessment of socioeconomic factors affecting the various nutritional states and how those nutritional states and socioeconomic factors affect the risk of disease and the opportunities for recovery via nutritional approaches.
Nutritional approaches include the presence and absence of certain foods and nutrients including nutraceuticals and functional foods in the diet
Functional food
Health Canada definition
A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, i.e. they contain bioactive compound.
Nutraceutical
Health Canada definition
A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with foods. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.
Type 1 diabetesPathology Socioeconomics-group discussion Elementary nutritional biochemistry of nutritional approaches to
be taken to avoid and treat this disease First Nations and other Cape Bretoners at risk How would one assess from a nutritional perspective the socioeconomics, pathology and success of nutritional interventions?
Type 2 diabetesPathology Socioeconomics-group discussion Elementary nutritional biochemistry of nutritional approaches to
be taken to avoid and treat this disease First Nations and other Cape Bretoners at risk How would one assess from a nutritional perspective the socioeconomics, pathology and success of nutritional interventions?