principles and elements of design - tafe nsw · the principles and elements of design ... a shape...
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The Principles and Elements of Design
These are the building blocks of all good floral design
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ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
The Elements of Design are those you can see and touch
LINE FORM
COLOUR TEXTURE
SPACE
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LINE Lines may be thick,
thin, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, zig zag, long,short or a combination of all.
The purpose of lines is to create:
shape a pattern movement optical illusion space
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FORM Form is a three dimensional
shape, often referred to as area, mass or volume.
Form has height, width and depth.
A shape is two dimensional having only height and width
The four basic forms are: cube sphere cylinder cone
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TEXTURE Texture is the surface
quality of a material as perceived by sight (visual) or by touch (tactile)
We describe texture using terms such as:
smooth,rough,spiky, furry,velvety,silky etc.
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SPACE Space is the area in, around
and between the design: defined by the three dimensional area occupied by the composition.
Positive space is the planned area in a design occupied by flowers, foliage or other objects.
Negative space is the planned areas in a design, devoid of flowers, foliage or other objects, yet essential to a composition.
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COLOUR Colour is an important
element in every design There are 3 primary colours Red – Yellow - Blue There are 3 secondary colours Green- Orange-Purple Warm colours (Advancing) Reds, oranges, yellows,
browns Cool colours (Receding) Blues, greens, purples Neutral colours Black, white and grey
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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN The concepts used to organise and arrange the structure of design
Diversity/Variety
Repetition Contrast
Proportion Direction
Dominance Balance Rhythm
Unity/Harmony Order
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Diversity/Variety
Variety & Diversity can be found in:
Types of material Colour Texture Line Form
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Repetition Every design will benefit
from repetition of one or more elements in a design
This can be achieved using:
Line Form Colour Texture
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Contrast Contrast is the use of
opposites eg; dark & light, rough & smooth,
large & small, thick & thin etc; It adds interest to a design and can be achieved using
Colour Line Form Size Texture
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Proportion Proportion is achieved by
using the correct relationship in size, quantity and degree of emphasis of all parts of the design and its surroundings. Proportion should be considered in;
Materials to one another The arrangement to the
container The overall design to the
space in which it is placed The person wearing it
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Direction Direction is achieved by
the use of different lines creating movement that guides the eye into and through the design. Lines can radiate out from or into a focal area or direct your eye to a point of interest or a resting place.
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Dominance Dominance is the visual
emphasis of one or more elements in a composition.
It is important that the most dominant element creates a strong focus and greater emphasis in the main area of the design.
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Balance Balance creates equilibrium and
three dimensional stability in a design.
There are 2 types of balance Symmetrical (Formal) which occurs when materials are
arranged equally on both sides of an imaginary axis down the centre of the design
Asymmetrical (Informal) which occurs when both sides of the
arrangement are different and unequal yet both sides of the imaginary axis maintain similar visual weight
There is also; Visual balance- does the
arrangement appear to be balanced Actual balance – is the
arrangement physically stable/ will it stand up
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Rhythm Rhythm is the visual
movement created throughout the design by the use of repetition or gradation in the use of lines, forms, colours and textures
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Unity/Harmony Unity & Harmony is
achieved with the use of a combination of compatible materials and components. This cohesive relationship of all parts will create a wholeness and oneness within the design and within its surroundings.
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Order
Order is achieved when
all the Elements and Principles of design have been used correctly