Sinaarsi

winasityvaoba 4

1. Sesavali 5

ratom narCenebis mdgradi marTvis integrirebuli sistema? 6

2. kari I. zogadi nawili 8

2.1 terminebis ganmarteba 8

2.2 narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis principebi 9

2.3 narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis koncefcia 12

2.4 narCenebis marTva saqarTveloSi 14

2.5. narCenebis marTvis msoflioSi miRebuli meTodebi 16

2.6 narCenebis ierarqia 18

2.7 narCenebis klasifikacia da ganTavsebis pirobebi 19

2.8 “3R” iniciativa 20

2.8.1 „mwarmoeblis gazrdili pasuxismgebloba“ 21

2.8.2 erTeulis fasebi da nagavsayrelis gadasaxadebi 22

2.8.3 narCenebis gadamuSaveba (reciklireba) 22

2.8.4 narCenebis insineracia(dawva-Termuli ganadgureba) 23

2.8.5 narCenebis biologiuri damuSaveba 23

2.9 samSeneblo narCenebi 24

3 kari II. ZiriTadi debulebebi 25

3.1 narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos

kanonmdebloba 25

3.2 narCenebis marTvasTan dakavშirebuli saeრTaSoriso

kanonmdebloba

30

3.2.1 narCenebis CarCo direqtiva 30

3.2.2. evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba narCenebis marTvis

operirebaze 31

3.2.3 evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba specipikuri narCenebis

dinebebis Sesaxeb 31

3.3 narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso

konvenciebi 32

3.4 narCenebis marTvis gegma 33

3.4.1. narCenebis marTvis gegmebis ierarqia 34

3.4.2. erTiani saxelmwifo strategia 34

3.4.3. narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma 35

3.4.4 narCenebis marTvis regionuli strategia 36

3.4.5. narCenebis marTvis adgilobrivi gegma 37

3.4.6. narCenebis marTvis sawarmoo gegma 37

3.5. mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebis (Stakeholders)

identificireba

38

3.5.1. sistemis benefiti (sargebeli) 39

3

3.5.2. sazogadoebis benefiti 40

3.6. biujetis gansazRvra da analizi 40

3.6.1 narCenebis marTvis marketingi 40

3.6.2 finansebis wyaroebi 41

3.6.3 msoflioSi gavrcelebuli finansirebis modelebi 42

3.6.4. adgilobrivi biujetebis formirebis wesebi saqarTveloSi 44

3.6.5 tarifebis formireba 44

3.6.6 mosakreblebis da jarimebis formirebis koncefcia 45

3.7. dabrunebadi grZelvadiani sesxebi samSeneblo da

developeruli proeqtebisTvis

46

4 kari III. narCenebis marTvis gegmis Camoyalibeba da

ganxorcieleba

47

4.1 narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba 47

4.1.1 tipiuri narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmis struqtura 47

4.2. mosamzadebeli faza 49

4.2.1 strategiis, miznebis da amocanebis dasaxva 49

4.2.2 miznebis da amocanebis dasaxvis gzebi 50

4.2.3. monacemTa Segrovebisa da arsebuli mdgomareobis analizis

mniSvneloba

51

4.2.4. sabaziso monacemTa Segroveba 53

4.2.5. demografiuli mdgomareoba 54

4.2.6 narCenebis raodenobis dadgena da klasifikacia 54

4.2.7. narCenebis kategoriebis gansazRvra da daxasiaTeba 55

4.2.8. narCenebis marTvis geografiuli diagrama 56

4.3. dagegmvis faza 56

4.3.1 narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba 56

4.3.2. narCenebis marTvis dagegmvisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi 57

4.3.2.1. teqnikuri da seqspluatacio RonisZiebebi 58

4.3.2.2 garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi 59

4.3.2.3. finansuri RonisZiebebi 59

4.3.2.4. social-ekonomikuri RonisZiebebi 60

4.3.2.5. institucionaluri da administraciuli RonisZiebebi 61

4.3.2.6. politikuri da sakanonmdeblo RonisZiebebi 61

4.3.3. variantebis identificireba da Sefaseba 62

4.3.4. moklevadiani samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba 64

4.3.4.1. logikuri modeli 71

4.4. ganxorcieleba 74

4.4.1 samuSao jgufis Camoyalibeba 74

4.4.2. angariSgeba 74

4.4.3. gegmebis ganxilva da ganaxleba 75

5. gamoyenebuli literatura

76

4

winasityvaoba

narCenebis marTva ganviTarebis, sazogadoebrivi jandacvis donisa da garemos xarisxis maCvenebelia!

saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna proeqtis – “davasufTaoT saqarTvelo – sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba da misi CarTva myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebis procesSi”– farglebSi. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis mTavrobis finansuri mxardaWeriT.

saxelmZRvanelo moicavs narCenebis marTvis dagegmarebis sakiTxebs centralur, samxareo-administraciul da adgilobriv doneze, da aseve ganixilavs dagegmarebis sxvadasxva Tanamedrove meTods narCenebis mdgradi marTvis sistemis ganviTarebisaTvis.

evrokavSiris kanondeblobasTan miaxloebis mizniT mniSvnelovania myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis sferos mowesrigeba, rac gulisxmobs axali infrastruqturis mSeneblobas, romelic unda moicavdes narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli (reciklirebis) mrewvelobis ganviTarebas, maTi daxarisxebisa (separaciis) da Tanamedrove poligonebis (nagavsayrelebis) arsebobas.

es rom ganxorcieldes, manamde aucileblad unda arsebobdes narCenebis marTvis sistema da Sesabamisi ekonomikuri da sakanonmdeblo garemo.

saxelmZRvanelo momzadebulia TviTmmarTvelobebisa da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis TanamSromlebisTvis, romlebic pirdapir arian dakavSirebuli narCenebis marTvis sistemis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebasTan.

narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi sxva mxareebic monawileoben _ sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi da mosaxleoba, romlebsac sazogadod

dainteresebul mxareebs (e.w. stakeholders) uwodeben.

saxelmZRvanelo gamoiyeneba, rogorc erovnuli strategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis, aseve samxareo-administraciuli da adgilobrivi/municipaluri gegmebis SesamuSaveblad.

dokumenti moicavs narCenebis marTvis arsebuli principebisa da sakanonmdeblo garemos mimoxilvas, aseve mowinave saerTaSoriso praqtikas da gamocdilebas narCenebis marTvis sferoSi, evrokavSiris narCenebTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdeblobisa da saerTaSoriso konvenciebis mimoxilvas. misi ZiriTadi mizania, saSualeba misces dainteresebul pirebs, SeimuSaon da TavianT raionSi ganaxorcielon narCenebis mdgradi marTvis integrirebuli sistema, narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSavebis saSualebiT.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo ganixilavs arasaxifaTo myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvas da ar ganixilavs saxifaTo narCenebs, rac gulisxmobs advilad aalebad, feTqebad, qimiur, biologiur da radiaciul narCenebs.

5

1. Sesavali

narCenebis raodenoba, romelsac warmoqmnis kacobrioba, seriozul saSiSroebas warmoadgens garemosaTvis. okeaneSi imdenad didi raodenobis narCeni dagrovda, rom aSS-s dasavleT sanapirodan 1600km manZilze warmoiqmna uzarmazari nagvis kunZuli, romlis farTobi orjer aRemateba iseTi qveynis farTobs, rogoricaa ukraina. es kunZuli ar qreba, ar ixrwneba, radgan iq dagrovili narCenebis mniSvnelovan nawils plastmasa Seadgens, romelic bioqimiur daSlas ar eqvemdebareba. mecnierTa SefasebiT, polieTilenis daSlisaTvis bunebriv pirobebSi saWiroa minimum 500 weli.

Cven mier moxmarebuli plastmasis narCenebi yovelwliurad 1 milioni zRvis frinvelisa da 100 000 kus, selapis, veSapisa da sxva zRvis ZuZumwovrebis daRupvis mizezi xdeba.

narCenebi Seicavs bevr saxifaTo qimiur nivTierebas, maT Soris tyvias, vercxliswyals, fosfors da sxva, romlebic abinZureben haers, niadags, zedapirul da gruntis wylebs, zRvas,okianeebs. sabolood aseTi dabinZureba zians ayenebs planetis biomravalferovnebas da saSiSroebas uqmnis adamianis janmrTelobas.

dRes mravali qveynis mTavroba cdilobs, Seamciros adamianis ekonomikuri da sayofacxovrebo moqmedebis Sedegad warmoqmnili narCenebis moculoba. am mimarTulebis erT-erT gzas warmoadgens narCenebis gamoyeneba nedleulad axali produqciis warmoebisaTvis.

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis raodenoba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mosaxleobis raodenobasTan, urbanizaciis ganviTarebasa da cxovrebis donis amaRlebasTan. mTel msoflioSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili naqalaqarebis kulturul fenebSi kargad Cans, rom jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde rac ufro maRali iyo dasaxlebis cxovrebis done, miT meti narCenebi fiqsirdeba. Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove narCenebis warmoSobis xarisxi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli qveyanaSi cxovrebis donis maCveneblebTan, rogoricaa magaliTad, mosaxleobis mTliani Sida produqti, energiis moxmarebis done, minimaluri xelfasi, industrializaciisa da umuSevrobis done, ekonomikis ganviTarebis done da sxva.

ganviTarebuli qveynebi cdiloben, Seamciron narCenebis warmoSoba.

yovelwliurad evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi warmoiSoba daaxloebiT 2 miliardi tona narCeni. es raodenoba, saxifaTo narCenebis CaTvliT, yovelwliurad izrdeba.

narCenebis ganTavseba da maTi pirdapiri ganadgureba (magaliTad, dawviT) saxifaToa rogorc adamianis janmrTelobisTvis, aseve garemosTvis.

am problemis saukeTeso gadawvetaa, narCenebis Semcireba warmoSobis procesSi da maTi gadamuSaveba (reciklireba) axali produqciis miRebis mizniT.

6

ratom narCenebis mdgradi marTvis integrirebuli sistema?

mosaxleobis raodenobis zrdis, urbanizaciisa da cxovrebis donis

amaRlebis pirobebSi ganviTarebuli Tu ganviTarebadi qveynebis umetesi nawilisaTvis myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis zrda, maTi marTva (Segroveba, gatana, gadamuSaveba da ganTavseba) dRemde mTavar gamowvevad rCeba.

ganviTarebad qveynebSi mdgradi ganviTarebis erT–erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa, xelmisawvdomi, efeqturi da narCenebis mdgradi marTvis praqtikis damkvidreba. aseTi praqtika sasargebloa sazogadoebis janmrTelobis, usafrTxoebisa da garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT. amcirebs sasaTbure gazebis emisiebs da mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels cxovrebis xarisxisa da janmrTelobis gaumjobesebas, bunebrivi resursebis gafrTxilebas, amcirebs wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis riskebs da ganaxlebadi energiebis wyaros warmoadgens.

msoflio bankis bolodroindelma kvlevebma gvaCvena, rom ganviTarebad qveynebSi municipalitetebi TavianTi wliuri biujetis 20-50% Cveulebriv xarjaven myari narCenebis marTvaze (ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia Ria nagavsayrelebi da Ria dawva). amis miuxedavad, narCenebis mTeli raodenobis 30-60% mainc ukontroloa da mosaxleobis 50%–ze metis momsaxureba saerTod ver xerxdeba. dabalSemosavlian qveynebSi narCenebis arTvisTvis gamoyofili mTeli biujetis 80-90% midis Segrovebaze, saSualo SemosavlianSi – Segrovebas xmardeba narCenebis marTvis biujetis 50-80%, xolo maRalSemosavlian, ganviTarebul qveynebSi Segrovebaze ixarjeba sul 10%, rac saSualebas iZleva, narCenebis marTvaze meti resursi iqnas mobilizebuli. es gamowveulia imiT, rom ganviTarebul qveynebSi ukve didi xania, miRebulia narCenebis marTvis mdgradi, integrirebuli sistemebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen narCenebis umetesi raodenobis masalad da resursad gardaqmnas, rac TavisTavad gamoisaxeba narCenebis raodenobis SemcirebaSi, xolo ganaxlebuli resursebi da masalebi mogebis saSualebas iZleva, romelic Tavis mxriv xmardeba narCenebis marTvas.

myari narCenebis marTva sakmaod rTuli procesia, radgan moicavs sxavadasxva tipis teqnologiebsa da meTodebs. es SeiZleba iyos narCenebis warmoSobasTan dakavSirebuli teqnologiebi (“wyaroSi Semcirebis” CaTvliT), adgilze damuSaveba da Senaxva, Segroveba, gadazidva/transportireba, damuSaveba da saboloo ganTavseba. yvelaferi es unda Sesruldes adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebis safuZvelze, socialuri da garemosdacviTi wesebisa da normebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

narCenebis arasworma mopyrobam, Senaxvam, Segrovebam da ganTavsebam, rodesac Segrovebuli “nagavi” ubralod ukontrolod iyreba miwaze, SeiZleba sakmaod didi riski Seuqmnas adamianis janmrTelobas da garemos. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania es mWidrod dasaxlebul punqtebSi, sadac, urbanizaciis swrafi tempiT zrdasa da mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebasTan erTad warmoiqmneba narCenebi katastrofulad didi raodenobiT. myari narCenebis araswori marTvis Sedegia adamianebisa da cxovelebis daavadebebi da mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da biologiuri danakargebi.

7

ganviTarebad qveynebSi narCenebis marTvas bevri siZnele da winaaRmdegoba eRobeba win, rogoricaa magaliTad, dabali teqnikuri gamocdileba da mcire finansuri resursebi, romlebic ZiriTadad mxolod Segrovebasa da transportirebas faravs da isic arasaTanadod.

myari narCenebis marTvisadmi integrirebuli midgoma miznad isaxavs narCenebis marTvis sxvadasxva aspeqtsa da maTi damuSavebis mravalferovani teqnologiebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas.

narCenebis marTvis gamarTuli sistema ganapirobebs narCenebis marTvis TiToeuli komponentis saTanado muSaobas. es koncefcia Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis Semcirebas, maT xelaxla gamoyenebasa da gadamuSavebas (reciklirebas).

msoflio praqtikaSi arsebobs integraciis 3 done:

1. narCenebis Segroveba dakavSirebulia arsebul, adgilobriv gadamuSavebis bazarTan;

2. narCenebis Segroveba dakavSirebulia biologiuri damuSavebis sawarmoebTan;

3. narCenebis marTvis yvela komponenti ganxorcieleba dainteresebuli mxareebis sruli CarTulobiT.

8

2. kari I. zogadi nawili

2.1. terminebis ganmartebebi

“narCeni” – nebismieri nivTiereba an nivTi, romelsac mflobeli iSorebs,

ganzraxuli aqvs moiSoros an valdebulia moiSoros;

”sayofacxovrebo narCenebi” - mosaxleobis mier warmoqmnili narCenebi;

”municipaluri narCenebi” - sayofacxovrebo narCenebi, agreTve sxva narCenebi, romlebic Tavisi maxasiaTeblebisa da Semadgenlobis mixedviT sayofacxovrebo narCenebis msgavsia

”narCenebis warmomqmneli” - piri, romlis saqmianobis Sedegad warmoiqmneba narCenebi (narCenebis Tavdapirveli warmomqmneli) an piri, romelic axorcielebs winaswar damuSavebas, Serevas an sxva saqmianobas, ris Sedegadac am narCenebis Tvisebebi an Semadgenloba icvleba;

“wyaro” – adgili, sadac warmoiSveba narCenebi.

“narCenebis dinebebi” – narCenebi tipebis mixedviT.

“narCenebis marTva” _ narCenebis Segroveba, transportireba, aRdgena da ganTavseba, aseve, am RonisZiebebis zedamxedveloba da ganTavsebis adgilebis Semdgomi movla;

“narCenebis ganTavseba” – narCenebis saboloo moTavsebis wertili. dinebebisa da klasebis mixedviT sxvadasxva narCens sxvadasxva ganTavsebis adgili gaaCnia maTi Semdgomi Camarxvis, gauvneblebis an gamoyenebis gziT.

“narCenebis xelaxla gamoyeneba” – garkveuli produqtis an produqciis narCenis xelaxla gamoyeneba sxva daniSnulebisaTvis misi teqnologiuri gadamuSavebis gareSe.

“narCenebis gauvneblebis da/an ganTavsebis obieqti” – specialurad mowyobili adgili, nageboba an saTavso, romelic gankuTvnilia narCenebis gauvneblebis da/an ganTavsebisaTvis.

“dainteresebuli mxareebi (e.w. Stakeholders)” – arian fizikuri pirebi da organizaciebi, magaliTad, momxmareblebi, sponsorebi, ganmaxorcielebeli organoebi da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic pirdapir Tu arapirdapir arian CarTuli ama Tu im proeqtSi (sistemaSi) da vis interesebzec SeiZleba dadebiTad an uaryofiTad imoqmedos konkretulma proeqtma (sistemam) misi mimdinareobis an dasrulebis Semdeg. maT aseve SeiZleba sxvadasxva xarisxiT TviTon iqonion zemoqmedeba sistemis funqcionirebasa da ganviTarebaze.

“narCenebis gadamuSaveba (reciklireba)” – aRdgeniTi RonisZieba, romlis saSualebiTac narCeni masalebi gardaiqmneba produqciad, masalad an nivTierebad, romlebic gankuTvnilia Tavdapirveli an sxva mizniT gamoyenebisTvis. aRniSnuli moicavs organuli masalebis gadamuSavebas, magram ar moicavs energiis aRdgenas da iseT masalebad gardaqmnas, romlebic gamoiyeneba sawvavad an amovsebis operaciebisTvis;

9

“insineracia” – narCenis Termuli damuSaveba gamoyofili wvis siTbos aRdgeniT an aRdgenis gareSe

“narCenebis gauvnebleba” – narCenebis sxvadasxva teqnologiuri damuSaveba (maT Soris narCenebis dawva specialur danadgarebSi), adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze mavne zegavlenis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

“danagvianeba” - narCenebis garemoSi dayra, gadagdeba an/da mitoveba, garda am miznisTvis gamoyofili konteinerebisa da adgilebisa;

“prevencia” – nivTierebis, masalis an produqtis narCenad gadaqcevamde miRebuli zomebi, rac amcirebs:

a) narCenebis raodenobas, rac, sxva saSualebebTan erTad, miiRweva produqciis

xelaxali gamoyenebis gziT an produqciis vargisianobis vadis gagrZelebis

gziT; b) warmoqmnili narCenebis uaryofiT gavlenas garemosa da adamianis janmrTelobaze; g) masalebsa da produqciaSi mavne nivTierebebis Semcvelobas.

“narCenebis daxarisxeba (separacia)” – narCenebis daxarisxeba “dinebebis” mixedviT, rodesac sxvadasxva tipis narCenebi cal-calke grovdeba da sxvadasxva adgili gaaCnia.

“narCenebis mdgradi marTva,

narCenebis mdgradi integrirebuli marTva”-

“mdgradi” – es aris sistema, romelic:

Sesatyvisia im pirobebisaTvis, romelSic is funqcionirebs teqnikur, socialur, ekonomikur, finansur, institucionalur da garemosdacviT perspeqtivaSi, da

romelsac SeuZlia, Seinaxos Tavisi Tavi droSi saWiro resursebis Seumcireblad.

“integrirebuli” – aris sistema, romelic:

gamoiyenebs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul Segrovebisa da damuSavebis variantebs sxvadasxva masStabis dasaxlebebSi.

uzrunvelyofs yvela saxis, samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo, formaluri Tu araformaluri, mogebaze orientirebuli Tu araorientirebuli dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTulobas.

iTvaliswinebs urTierTqmedebas narCenebis marTvisa da sxva urbanul sistemebs Soris.

2.2. narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis principebi

narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis sistema efuZneba garemos dacvis ZiriTad principebs.

garemos dacvis ZiriTadi principebia:

10

a) ,,usafrTxoebis winaswari zomebis miRebis principi’’ - gulisxmobs zomebis miRebas garemosTvis narCenebiT gamowveuli safrTxis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, maSinac ki Tu ar arsebobs mecnierulad dadasturebuli monacemebi.

b) ,,dambinZurebeli ixdis’’ - narCenebis warmomqmneli an mflobeli valdebulia gaiRos narCenebis prevenciasTan, aRdgenasTan da ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, maT Soris monitoringis, Semdgomi movlis RonisZiebebis xarjebi;

g),,siaxlovis principi’’ - narCenebis damuSaveba da ganTavseba unda ganxorciledes yvelaze axlomdebare damuSavebis obieqtze, garemosdacviTi da ekonomikuri efeqturobis gaTvaliswinebiT;

d) "mdgradobis principi" - garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis gamoyeneba, rodesac saSiSroeba ar eqmneba sazogadoebis ganviTarebas da uzrunvelyofilia garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacva Seuqcevadi raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi cvlilebebisagan;

e) "prioritetulobis principi" - qmedeba, romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios uaryofiTi zegavlena garemosa da adamianis janmrTelobaze,SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva, naklebriskiani, Tundac ufro ZviradRirebuli qmedebiT. prioriteti eniWeba ukanasknels, Tu misi Rirebuleba ar aRemateba naklebadRirebuli qmedebiT miyenebuli ekologiuri zianis Sedegad zaralis anazRaurebis xarjebs;

v) "fasiani bunebaTsargeblobis principi" - saqmianobis subieqtisaTvis miwis, wylis, tyis, florisa da faunis wiaRis da wiaRiseulis bunebrivi resursebiT sargebloba fasiania;

z) "biologiuri mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis principi" - saqmianoba ar unda iwvevdes biomravalferovnebis Seqcevad degradacias;

T) "narCenebis minimizaciis principi" - saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas upiratesoba eniWeba iseT teqnologias, romelic uzrunvelyofs narCenebis minimumamde Semcirebas;

i) "reciklirebis principi" - saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas upiratesoba eniWeba xelmeored gamoyenebad an gadaumuSavebad, biologiurad degradirebad an garemosaTvis uvneblad daSlad nivTierebebs, masalebsa da qimiur naerTebs;

k) “restituciis principi" - saqmianobis ganxorcielebis Sedegad degradirebuli garemo aRdgenili unda iyos pirvandel (restitution in integrum) mdgomareobasTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli saxiT;

l) "garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis principi" - saqmianobis subieqti Tavisi saqmianobis proeqtirebis an dagegmvis dros valdebulia, gaiTvaliswinos da Seafasos am saqmianobis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba garemoze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;

m) "gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebriobis monawileobis principi" - uzrunvelyofilia saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebriobis monawileoba;

11

n) "informaciis xelmisawvdomobis principi" - informacia garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Ria da xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebriobisaTvis.

garemos dcvis principebi moicaven Semdeg aucilebel pirobebs narCenebis marTvasTan mimarTebaSi:

1. sazogadoebis CarTuloba narCenebis marTvis sistemis mTel ciklSi, dagegmvidan ganxorcielebamde;

2. nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebeli narCenebis raodenobis Semcireba; 3. narCenebis xelmeored gamoyeneba da gadamuSaveba; 4. narCenebis Segroveba da damuSaveba xelmisawvdomi teqnologiebiT; 5. narCenebis marTvis sistemis danergva da monitoringi.

qvemoT moyvanilia narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis sxva aseve mniSvnelovani principebi, romlebic aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli sistemis Camoyalibebis procesSi: teqnikuri/saoperacio principebi (teqnologiebi, mdebareoba, topografia, adgilobrivi resursebi, teqnika da danadgarebi). finansuri principebi (sagadasaxado nixrebi rogorc mwarmoeblebisaTvis, ise

momxmareblebisaTvis, sworad dagegmili finansuri sargebeli, municipalitetis Semosavlebi, fasis Semcireba, muSaxelisa da kapitalis maRali produqtiuloba).

social–ekonomikuri principebi (unda moicavdes mTel mosaxleobas eTnikuri,

kulturuli, religiuri Tu socialuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad, janmrTelobis riskebis Semcireba, adaptirebuli momxmarebelTa moTxovnasa da prioritetebze, mosaxleobis gadamxdelunarianobaze).

institucionaluri/administraciuli principebi (operatorebisa da menejerebis

(gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivi kadrebis) kvalifikaciis amaRleba, sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis fazebSi, organizaciuli kulturis ganviTareba, rac profesionalizmis gazrdas uwyobs xels, gamWvirvaloba da angariSvaldebuleba, dafuZnebuli decentralizebul marTvaze, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis sakmarisi finansuri da sakanonmdeblo avtonomiis miniWeba, motivaciis gazrda).

politikuri da sakanonmdeblo principebi (sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic

uzrunvelyofs arasamTavrobo da kerZo seqtoris CarTulobas, sxvadasxva sferoebis, uflebebisa da finansebis decentralizacia, gamWvirvale wesebisa da kanonebis SemuSaveba, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis SesaZlebloba ufro dabal doneze, biujetis adgilze Sedgena da damtkiceba).

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2.3. narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis koncefcia

narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTva moicavs narCenebis prevencias, resursebis aRdgenas, dainteresebuli mxareebis (steikholderebi) monawileobas da aseve sxva sistemebTan urTierTqmedebasa da sxvadasxva sididis dasaxlebebis (qalaqi, daba, dasaxleba) integrirebas. Tumc unda aRiniSnos, rom teqnologiis SerCevisa Tu sistemis Camoyalibebis dros yvelaze mniSvnelovani mainc erTiani saxelmwifo strategiisa da gamarTuli kanonmdeblobis faqtoria.

narCenebis marTvis teqnologiebis SerCeva SeiZleba Semoifarglos mxolod teqnikuri moTxovnebiT, rogoricaa narCenebis raodenoba da Semadgenloba, mdebareobis daxasiaTeba, transportirebis manZili saboloo ganTavsebis adgilamde da eqspluataciis fasi. Tumc SesaZlebelia am mcnebis ufro farTo gagebac, rac moicavs ekonomikur mdgomareobas, muSaxelisa da kapitalis fass, Senaxvisa da remontis SesaZleblobebsa da arsebuli muSaxelis profesionalizmis dones. aRsaniSnavia, rom xSirad narCenebis marTva ganixileba rogorc wminda teqnikuri sakiTxi. es ase ar aris. magaliTisaTvis ganvixiloT ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac zogierTi teqnologia aramdgradi aRmoCnda mocemuli sazogadoebis, ekonomikisa da garemos pirobebSi swored imitom, rom narCenebis marTva ganixileboda wminda teqnikur aspeqtad.

1. qalaqis municipaliteti narCenebis SegrovebisaTvis saWiro teqnikis SeZenisaTvis sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebisagan iRebs grZelvadian sesxs (30 wlamde). imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom SegrovebisaTvis saWiro teqnika ZiriTadad 5-7 wlis Semdeg amowuravs Tavis SesaZleblobebs da unda Seicvalos. amasTan erTad municipaliteti TavisaTvis maRali xarjebisa da dabali mogebis pirobebSi kidev didxans faravs sesxis Tanxas mas Semdeg, rac teqnika ukve gamousadegaria da aRar muSaobs.

2. zogierT qveyanaSi Senaxvisa da saremonto xarjebis Semcirebis mizniT, xdeba narCenebis Semgrovebeli a/manqanebis e.w. standartizacia, anu mTeli qveynis farglebSi narCenebis SegrovebisaTvis gamoiyeneba erTi saxis a/manqanebi. amas SeiZleba mohyves konkretul regionebSi an qalaqis raionebSi narCenebis Segrovebis Seferxeba imis gamo, rom am a/manqanam ver miaRwia konkretul viwro da araswor quCebamde misi sididis gamo.

3. zogierT qveyanaSi narCenebis SegrovebisaTvis iyeneben a/manqanas urnis avtomaturi gare datvirTvis sistemiT. plastmasis urnebi urigdeba mosaxleobas narCenebis Sesagroveblad, magram arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac (zogierT ganviTarebad qveyanaSi) plastmasis urnas mosaxleoba iyenebs sruliad sxva, maTTvis ufro mniSvnelovani mizniT (sarecxis gasarecxad, bavSvebis dasabanad, ludis mosaxarSad da a.S.). amis gamo mTeli sistemis muSaoba CaSlilia, radganac ZviradRirebuli a/manqana usaqmod dgas da veRar xerxdeba mosaxleobisagan narCenebis Segroveba.

13

zemoT aRniSnuli magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom teqnologiis SerCevisas mxolod teqnikur sakiTxebze koncentrireba sakmarisi ar aris narCenebis marTvis sistemis formirebis dros. amitom integrirebuli, mdgradi sistemis Camoyalibebis procesSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas aucileblad unda moxdes sxva (socialuri, politikuri, finansuri da a.S.) sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebac.

dainteresebuli mxareebi

sakrebulo

centraluri / adgilob-

rivi mTavroba

arasamTav-robo

organiza-ciebi

kerZo seqtori

donori organizaci-

ebi

narCenebis warmoSoba

narCenebis prevencia

narCenebis Segroveba

narCenebis separacia

resursebis ganaxleba

ganTavseba da

damuSaveba

narCenebis meoradi Segroveba

sxva sistemebi

dasaxle-bebis

masStabi

aspeqtebi

teqnikuri / saoperacio

ekologiuri finansuri socio-

ekonomikuri

institucionaluri da politikuri

14

Tu narCenebis marTvis sistema integrirebulia sxva sistemebTan, es kidev ufro zrdis mis mdgradobas. magaliTad, komposti, warmoebuli urbanuli organuli narCenebisagan, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas qalaqis parkebSi da sxva urbanul ubnebze, rac TavisTavad qmnis erTian Caketilciklian sistemas qalaqis farglebSi.

zemoT moyvanili diagrama sqematurad asxavs narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis sistemas.

2.4. narCenebis marTva saqarTveloSi

saqarTveloSi arsebobs 10 samxareo-administraciuli erTeuli.

am administraciul erTeulebSi gamoiyofa 4 TviTmmarTveli qalaqi, Tbilisi da 64 municipaliteti (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba), romelic Tavis mxriv Seicavs aRmasrulebel organos – gamgeobasa da sakanonmdeblo organos – sakrebulos.

ZiriTadad, narCenebis marTvis sferos kurirebs sakrebuloebis infrastruqturis komisia, romelic uflebamosilia, miiRos gadawyvetilebebi adgilobriv doneze, daamtkicos biujeti da zedamxedveloba gauwios mis miznobriv xarjvas.

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebasa da municipaluri myari narCenebis marTvas kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad axorcieleben adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis dasufTavebis samsaxurebi/operatorebi. kompaniis SerCeva/kontraqtebis dadeba dagva-dasufTavebis, narCenebis Segrovebisa an/da maTi nagavsayrelebamde transportirebaze momsaxurebaze xdeba tenderis gziT da rogorc wesi SerCeulia samTavrobo dawesebulebebi an SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis kompaniebia 100%-iani saxelmwifos wiliT.

aRniSnuli kompaniebi warmoqmnili narCenebis sruli raodenobis mxolod daaxloebiT 25-35%-is Segrovebas axerxeben. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis ganaTavseba xdeba municipalur nagavsayrelze, romelTa didi nawili mosawesrigebelia; agreTve mogrovebuli narCenebis ganadgurebis mizniT umeteswilad xdeba narCenebis spontanuri dawva. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi arsebuli 63 oficialuri sanitaruli /sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelidan mxolod 6 aqvs garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTva. Tumca aqedan mxolod ori Tbilisisa da rusTav-gardabanis nagavsayreli warmoadgens Tanamedrove donis, evropuli standartis nagavsayrelebs.

qveyanaSi moqmedi oficialuri nagavsayrelebidan 54-is operireba warmoadgens regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros marTvaSi arsebuli Sps „saqarTvelos myari narCenebis marTvis kompaniis“ pasuxismgeblobas (kompaniis iurisdiqcias ganekuTvneba saqarTvelos yvela regionSi arsebuli nagavsayrelis marTva ,garda q.Tbilisis da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikaSi arsebuli nagavsayrelebis).

15

problemaa isic, rom aranair doneze ar xdeba narCenebis daxarisxeba, narCenebis raodenobis aRwera. nagavsayrelebze sayofacxovrebo narCenebTan erTad xvdeba medikamentebi, sxvadasxva qimiuri Semadgenlobis nivTierebebi, eleqtro– saqoneli da a.S., romlebic Sereulia yvela saxis sxva sayofacxovrebo narCenebTan da maTi dawva ukiduresad saxifaToa rogorc garemosaTvis, aseve jamrTelobisaTvis.

gacilebiT uaresi mdgomareobaa administraciuli centrebidan moSorebul dasaxlebebSi, sadac praqtikulad saerTod ar xdeba narCenebis Segroveba da gatana. winaswari, dauzustebeli monacemebiT, warmoqmnili narCenebis sruli raodenobis 80% modis mosaxleobaze, 15% sawarmoebze, kvebis da savaWro obieqtebze, 3% quCebSi araorganizebulad dayril narCenebze da darCenili 2% yvela sxva wyaroze.

teqnikurad narCenebis Segrovebisa da transportirebis ramdenime saSualeba arsebobs, Tumca saqarTvelos yvela regionSi erTi konkretuli teqnologia moqmedebs, es aris saSualo zomis nagvis konteinerebis ganTavseba konkretul adgilebSi. nagvis satvirTo avtomobilebi agroveben mas da gadaaqvT arsebul “nagavsayrelebze”.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi narCenebis marTvaSi monawile mxareebi

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis moculoba (tona/w.) regionebis mixedviT (2013 wlis mdgomareobiT)

16

wyaro: saqarTvelos myari narCenebis marTvis kompania moqmedi nagavsayrelebis farTobi regionebis mixedviT (kv.m) (2013 wlis mdgomareobiT)

wyaro: saqarTvelos myari narCenebis marTvis kompania

2.5. narCenebis marTvis msoflioSi miRebuli meTodebi

mcnebaSi – “narCenebis marTva” – igulisxmeba narCenebis Segroveba, transportireba, gadamuSaveba an/da ganTavseba, anu misi marTva da monitoringi warmoSobis “wyarodan” saboloo adgilamde. narCenebis marTva

15 316,09

47653,2 33591,6

23 153,49

66011,4

101 133,06

4 002,83

20 885,20

40 019,99

-

20 000,00

40 000,00

60 000,00

80 000,00

100 000,00

120 000,00

15 316,09

47653,2 33591,6

23 153,49

66011,4

101 133,06

4 002,83 20 885,20

40 019,99

-

20 000,00

40 000,00

60 000,00

80 000,00

100 000,00

120 000,00

17

exeba adamianis saqmianobiT warmoSobil masalebs da mimarTulia maTi adamianTa janmrTelobaze, garemoze an esTetikur mdgomareobaze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semcirebisaken. narCenebis marTva aris resursebis ganaxlebisa da xelmeored gamoyenebis praqtika, romelic bunebrivi resursebis moxmarebis Semcirebazea orientirebuli.

narCenebis marTvis sistemis struqtura

narCenebis marTvis praqtika gansxvavebulia ganviTarebuli da ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis, urbanuli da sasoflo-sameurneo regionebisaTvis da aseve sacxovrebeli da industriuli ubnebisaTvis. did dasaxlebul punqtebSi arasaxifaTo narCenebis marTva ZiriTadad adgilobrivi mmarTvelobiTi organoebis prerogativaa, Tumca komerciuli da industriuli narCenebis marTva narCenebis “mwarmoeblis” pasuxismgeblobaa.

narCenebis integrirebuli marTvis sistema, romelic farTodaa danergili mTel ganviTarebul msoflioSi warmoadgens narCenebis kontrolisa da

bunebrivi resursebi

produqcia / warmoeba

moxmareba / gamoyeneba

narCenebis warmoSoba

narCenebis daxarisxeba

narCenebis Segroveba

narCenebis transportireba

narCenebis ganTavseba

xelmeored gamoyeneba

gadamuSaveba (reciklireba)

saboloo ganTavseba

nagavsayreli

kompostireba

insineracia

ganaxlebadi resursebi

energiis gamomuSaveba

narCenebis

Semcireba

narCenebis

Semcireba

18

ganTavsebis meTodebis erTobliobas– narCenebis “wyaroze” Semcireba, gadamuSaveba, damuSaveba da meoradi gamoyeneba, insinireba (dawva) da nagavsayrelze ganTavseba. zemoT mocemuli diagrama asaxavs narCenebis marTvis sistemis struqturas.

msoflioSi yvelaze metad miRebuli da efeqturi menejmentis instrumenti narCenebis raodenobis “wyaroze” Semcireba warmoadgens. Semdeg modis myari narCenebis xelaxali gamoyeneba, rodesac narCeni produqti Tu masala SeiZleba xelaxla iqnas gamoyenebuli igive an sxva mizniT da reciklireba, rodesac narCenebisagan SesaZlebelia resursebis aRdgena (ganaxleba). rigiT meoTxe meTodia insineracia (dawva) da energiis aRdgena gamoyofili gazisa da siTbos xarjze. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es meTodebi sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo miuRwevadia, narCenebis marTvis saboloo etapi maTi nagavsayrelze ganTavsebaa.

2.6. narCenebis ierarqia

zemoxsenebuli oTxi meTodis gamoyenebis Semdeg darCenili narCenis

saboloo ganTavsebis adgili mainc nagavsayrelia, magram am SemTxvevaSi maTi raodenoba sagrZnoblad mcirea, rac zrdis nagavsayrelis mdgradobas, misi funqcionirebis vadas da mniSvnelovnad amcirebs garemoze uaryofiT zemoqmedebas. amitom narCenebis marTvis sistemis SeqmnisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi:

19

warmoqmnili narCenebis raodenobis Semcireba, gadamuSavebis xarisxis gazrda

aRdgenisa da gamoyenebis xarisxis gazrda

nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis raodenobis Semcireba narCenebis marTvis ierarqiuli piramida ase gamoiyureba:

2.7. narCenebis klasifikacia da ganTavsebis pirobebi

mdgradi sistemis SeqmnisaTvis pirvel rigSi saWiroa, zustad da naTlad ganisazRvros narCenebis saxeobebi, e.w. “dinebebi.” magaliTad, mcneba “municipaluri narCenebi” sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da qveynis SigniTac ki, sxvadasxva eTnografiul jgufebSi, SeiZleba gansxvavebulad aRiqmebodes. amisaTvis naTlad unda ganisazRvros narCenebis saxeobebi da tipebi. magaliTad moviyvanT yvelaze gavrcelebul municipaluri narCenebis saxeobebis klasifikacias:

1. saerTo narCenebi

sayofacxovrebo narCenebi, romlebic kontaqtSi iyo sakvebsa Tu sxva organul komponentebTan da SeuZlebelia misi gadamuSaveba an aRdgena da xelmeored gamoyeneba.

2. gadamuSavebadi narCenebi

myari plastmasa

polieTileni

peti (plastmasis boTlebi)

20

SuSa

metali

alumini

xe

qaRaldi / muyao

3. samSeneblo (inertuli) narCenebi

betonis namsxvrevebi

aguris namsxvrevebi

asfaltis namsxvrevebi

gajisa da sxva saizolacio masalis narCenebi

TabaSir-muyaos narCenebi

samSeneblo plastmasis narCenebi

amis Semdeg unda ganisazRvros TiToeuli saxeobis (“dinebis”) saboloo ganTavsebis mimarTulebebi.

sistemis Seqmnis kidev erTi Zalzed mniSvnelovani faqtoria monacemTa registrirebisa da angariSgebis Sesaferisi, mdgradi sistemis Camoyalibeba da praqtikaSi ganxorcieleba. es statistikuri monacemebi mniSvnelovania narCenebis ufro ukeT marTvisa da swori dagegmvisaTvis.

2.8. “3R” iniciativa

ganviTarebul qveynebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli narCenebis minimizaciis, xelmeored gamoyenebisa da gadamuSavebis politika. arsebuli nagavsayrelebi veRar audis ganviTarebuli ekonomikisa da cxovrebis donis amaRlebis gamo gazrdili narCenebis raodenobas da saWiro xdeba axali nagavsayrelebis

iseTi tipis narCenebi, rogoricaa, naxmari akumulatorebi, batereebi, flurescenturi Tu ekonomiuri naTurebi da sxva ganekuTvnebian saxifaTo narCenebis klass da amitom ar ganixilebian mocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi.

magaliTad: saerTo narCenebis saboloo ganTavsebis adgili nagavsayrelia; gadamuSavebadi narCenebi unda gadamuSavdes Sesabamis sawarmoebSi; samSeneblo narCenebi – xelmeored damuSavdes da gamoyenebuli iqnas isev mSeneblobaSi.

21

mSenebloba, rac damatebiT xarjebTan da garemoze uaryofiT zemoqmedebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.

ganviTarebuli qveynebis mTavrobebma swored amitom daisaxes miznad, maqsimalurad Seamciron nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis raodenoba. msoflios mraval ganviTarebul qveyanaSi miRebulia narCenebis marTvis “3R” iniciativa (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), rac ase iTargmneba: “Seamcire, xelaxla gamoiyene, gadaamuSave”. es iniciativa TiTqmis yvela ganviTarebuli qveynis mTavrobis mieraa inicirebuli da Sesabamisad motivirebuli.

am iniciativis mxardasaWerad msoflioSi SemuSavebulia sxvadasxva programa, rogoricaa magaliTad:

“mwarmoeblis gazrdili pasuxismgebloba” (Extended Producer Responsibility,

EPR),

erTeulis fasebis daweseba e.w. “gadayare- gadaixade” (PAYT/Pay As You

Throw),

nagavsayrelis gadasaxadebi (Landfill Taxes) da sxva narCenebis gadamuSavebisa da xelmeored gamoyenebis programebi.

2.8.1. “mwarmoeblis gazrdili pasuxismgebloba”

narCenebis integrirebuli, mdgradi marTvis sistemis farglebSi evrokavSirma miiRo e.w. “mwarmoeblis pasuxismgeblobis direqtiva”, romelic moicavs SefuTvis, eleqtronikisa da eleqtro mowyobilobebis, a/manqanebisa da elementebis moxmarebasa da marTvis regulacias. narCenebis CarCo direqtiva mouwodebs monawile qveynebs, ganaxorcielon saWiro RonisZiebebi “mwarmoeblis gazrdili pasuxismgeblobis” programis dasanergad.

es programa moicavs mwarmoeblis gazrdil pasuxismgeblobas produqtis Semdgomi gamoyenebis periodSi, anu mwarmoebels uqmnis mZlavr motivacias produqciis saxecvlilebisaTvis, romelic saWiroebs ufro mcire raodenobis masalas da Seicavs gadamuSavebisadmi gazrdil potencials. am miznis miuRwevlobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia mkacri finansuri sanqciebi, xolo warmatebis SemTxvevaSi - sxvadasxva saxis waxaliseba. Tavidan aseTi programebi sakmaod ZviradRirebuli iyo, magram EPR sakmaod farTo koncefciaa da Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi misi fasi ukve aRar warmoadgens problemas. sxvadsaxvaEprogramebi sirTulisa da fasis mixedviT sakmaod gansxvavdeba, magram maTi saboloo Sedegi, narCenebis Semcireba, ukve mravali welia warmatebulia mTel rig ganviTarebul da ganviTarebad qveyanaSi.

boTlebisa da qilebis narCenebis katastrofulma zrdam ekologebis SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. maT sagangaSod miiCnies is faqti, rom bioqimiur daSlasTan medegi narCenebi dagrovda nagavsayrelebze, mdinareebisa da saavtomobilo gzebis gaswvriv. maT aseve aRelvebdaT damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi, romlebic warmoiqmneboda garemoSi aluminis qilebisa da plastmasis boTlebis warmoebis Sedegad. mTavrobebic Sewuxdnen sasmelebis warmoebis sferoSi Seqmnili viTarebiT. Sedegad, rodesac 80-ian wlebSi

22

SvedeTSi aluminis qilebis erT-erTma mwarmoebelma axali qarxnis aSeneba gadawyvita, mTavrobam Tavisi piroba wauyena mas, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom Tu ar moxdeboda am dargis produqciis 75%-is gadamuSaveba, saerTod aikrZaleboda qilebis gamoyeneba qveyanaSi. dargma SeZlo da ufro metic, gadaaWarba mTavrobis moTxovnas WurWlis Rirebulebis winaswari giraosa da dabrunebis sistemis wyalobiT. aseTive praqtika farTodaa danergili msoflios sxvadasxva mowinave ganviTarebul qveyanaSi.

SvedeTis magaliTi gvaCvenebs, Tu rogor SeuZlia mTavrobas, aiZulos mwarmoebeli, yuradReba miaqcios Tavisi saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnil narCenebs ara mxolod warmoebis procesSi, aramed produqciis realizaciis Semdegac. aseTi politikis mizania, ubiZgos mwarmoeblebs, ifiqron garemos dacvaze maSin, roca TavianTi produqciisaTvis nedleuls arCeven. mTavari idea mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mwarmoeblebi warmoqmnian nakleb narCenebs da Sesabamisad maT mier warmoebuli produqti dabali xarisxiT abinZurebs garemos.

2.8.2. erTeulis fasebi da nagavsayrelis gadasaxadebi es programa gulisxmobs narCenebis Segrovebis servisze da nagavsayrelze narCenebis ganTavsebaze gazrdili erTeulis fasis dafiqsirebas da mosaxleobasa da municipalitetebisaTvis damatebiTi “nagavsayrelis” gadasaxadis SemoRebas.

Segrovebaze gazrdili fasi gulisxmobs dauxarisxebeli narCenebis Segrovebis gazrdil fass daxarisxebulTan SedarebiT. es programa aseve moicavs municipalitetebis, sawarmoebisa da kerZo mosaxleebisTvis sajarimo sanqciebis dakisrebas dauxarisxebeli narCenebis ganTavsebaze, rac xels Seuwyobs nagavsayrelebze narCenebis raodenobis Semcirebas, “wyaroSive” daxarisxebas, narCenebis gadamuSavebaze moTxovnilebis gazrdasa da am saqmianobis ganviTarebas.

2.8.3. narCenebis gadamuSaveba (reciklireba)

narCenebis gadamuSavebis programebi gulisxmobs narCenebis gadamuSavebisadmi motivaciis gazrdas. amisaTvis pirvel rigSi Camosayalibebeli da mosawesrigebelia narCenebis Segrovebis sistema, narCenebis “wyaroSi daxarisxebis” ganviTareba da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, sakanonmdeblo uzrunvelyofa. narCenebis gadamuSavebis (reciklirebis) procentuli raodenoba pirdapir kavSirSia narCenebis Segrovebis efeqturobasTan. rac ufro efeqturia gadamuSavebadi narCenebis Segrovebis procesi, miT ufro maRalia gadamuSavebuli narCenebis procentuli wili narCenebis mTel raodenobasTan SefardebiT. 2011 wlisaTvis sayofacxovrebo narCenebis reciklirebis wili evrokavSiris wamyvan qveynebSi sakmaod maRalia.

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2.8.4. narCenebis insineracia (dawva-Termuli ganadgureba) zogierTi qveyana upiratesobas aniWebs sayofacxovrebo narCenebis insineracias (Termul ganadgurebas), vidre maT nagavsayrelze ganTavsebas. Tumca mravali qveynis mTavrobas miaCnia, rom insineracia ar aris usafrTxo adamianisa da garemosaTvis. amis gamo isini prioritets aniWeben narCenebis minimumamde dayvanas da “wyaroSive” Semcirebas, aseve reciklirebis programebis gatarebas. arsebobs agreTve sxva politika da RonisZiebebi, romlebic moicaven sxvadasxva saxis subsidiebs mTavrobis mxridan, aseve saganmanaTleblo programebs sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenisa da asakis wevrebisaTvis, narCenebis daxarisxebis mniSvnelobis, gadamuSavebadi masalis prioritetizaciis Taobaze. magaliTad, aSS-Si 21-ma Statma SemoiRo moTxovna baRis (mwvane) narCenebis calke Segrovebis Taobaze, romelic sabolood gadis kompostirebas da gamoiyeneba rogorc sasuqi, romliTac xSirad faraven nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis fenas.

2.8.5. narCenebis biologiuri gadamuSaveba

biologiuri gadamuSaveba gulisxmobs biologiuri narCenebis kompostirebas, anaerobul degradaciasa da meqanikur biologiur damuSavebas.

mravali ganviTarebuli Tu ganviTarebadi qveyana mimarTavs Sereuli da/an biodegradirebadi narCenebis fraqciebis (samzareulos da restornebis narCenebi, mcenareuli (mwvane) narCenebi, sakanalizacio narCenebi da sxva) kompostirebasa da anaerobul gadamuSaveba. orive es procesi wyaroSi

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daxarisxebuli narCenebis SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli: anaerobuli gadamuSaveba konkretulad “sveli” narCenebisaTvisaa gankuTvnili, xolo kompostireba ufro metad mSrali, sakvebis narCenebisaTvis.

kompostireba aerobulad Slis narCenebs naxSirorJangad (CO2), wylad da tenian fraqciad. kompostireba SeiZleba sakmaod mdgradi iyos ganviTarebad qveynebSi SeRavaTiani fasis gamo.

kompostis xarisxidan gamomdinare, arsebobs misi gamoyenebis sxvadasxva saSualeba, rogoricaa, soflis meurneoba, niadagis stabilizacia, niadagis aRdgena da a.S. Tumca aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom kompostirebis araswori procesis warmoebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia CH4 da N20 gazebis gazrdili emisia.

narCenebis meqanikuri biologiuri damuSavebis upiratesoba mdgomareobs narCenebis Semcirebul moculobasa da ufro swraf stabilizaciaSi. am dros xdeba narCenebis masis daxarisxeba, damsxvreva da daqucmaceba. Semdeg narCenebis yoveli “dineba” gadis saTanado damuSavebas (kompostireba, reciklireba, insiniracia, anaerobuli degradacia).

rac Seexeba anaerobul daduRebas, es meTodi gamoiyeneba organuli masis anaerobul garemoSi moTavsebiT, sadac xdeba biomasis e.w. duRili da gamoiyofa gazi, romelic Semdeg gamoiyeneba eleqtroenergiis sawarmoeblad.

2.9. samSeneblo narCenebi

dReisaTvis, rodesac qveyana miiswrafis aRmSeneblobisaken, rodesac

ekonomikuri zrdis pirobebSi izrdeba uZravi qonebis fasi, agreTve Zveli sawarmoebis adgilas Sendeba axali sawarmoebi, gzebi da qalaqis axali infrastruqtura, komerciuli Tu sacxovrebeli saxlebi, samSeneblo narCenebs sakmaod didi wili ekuTvnis saerTo narCenebis raodenobaSi.

samSeneblo narCenebi ZiriTadad Sedgeba betonis, xreSis, asfaltis, aguris Tu sxva inertuli narCenebisagan, romlebsac resursebis aRdgenis didi potenciali gaaCniaT. am saxis narCenebis gadamuSaveba da meoradad gamoyeneba ormxrivad momgebiania rogorc saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebisaTvis, aseve adgilobrivi garemosTvis. am saxis narCenebis gadamuSavebiT miiReba inertuli masala, romelic farTod gamoiyeneba zogierT samSeneblo proeqtSi. aseTi masala aseuli tonobiT moipoveba mdinareebis xeobebidan, zRvis plaJebidan (saidanac ar SeiZleba amoReba- iwvebs zRvis sanapiros abraziebs) da samTo karierebidan. meoradi gamoyeneba sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs mopovebas, rac dadebiT zegavlenas moaxdens garemoze. samSeneblo narCenebis gadamuSavebis meore dadebiTi mxare mdgomareobs nagavsayrelebis eqspluataciis drois gazrdaSi. aseulobiT tona inertuli narCenis saboloo ganTavsebis adgili dRes nagavsayrelebia.

am saxis narCenebis didi nawilis xelmeored gamoyeneba sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis raodenobas, rac Sesabamisad gazrdis nagavsayrelis eqspluataciis xangrZlivobas.

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gaTvaliswinebiT, saWiroa, SeirCes narCenebis marTvis konkretuli politika da/an RonisZieba, romelic adaptirebuli iqneba da dainergeba ama Tu im administraciul erTeulSi.

Tumca narCenebis politikis ganviTarebisadmi midgomis fundamenturi sakiTxia sxvadasxva programebis efeqturi kombinireba da erT paketSi gaerTianeba. am programebis Sedegi ki individualuria da ama Tu im konketuli qveynis eTnografiul Taviseburebebs, ekonomikur ganviTarebasa da mdgradobas emyareba.

saerTod, “mwarmoeblis gazrdili pasuxismgeblobis” politika albaT yvelaze efeqturia misi finansuri meqanizmis gamo.

3. kari II. ZiriTadi debulebebi 3.1. narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba

saqarTveloSi myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTva regulirdeba

sxvadasxva kanonebsa da kanonqvemdebare aqtebSi gafantuli sakanomdeblo moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. kanonqvemdebare aqtebis umravlesoba sakanomdeblo winaaRmdegobaSia arsebul sinamdvilesTan (magaliTad, gauqmebulia mTeli rigi organizaciebi), ar arsebobs narCenebis marTvis CarCo kanoni. garda erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa narCenebis marTva regulirdeba saqarTvelos mier aRebuli rigi saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis (saerTaSoriso konvenciebi) Sesabamisad. narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani wingadagmuli nabijia mTavrobis mier miRebuli saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis strategia (2010 – 2017), saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnul programa (NEAP-2) 2012-16, evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos asocirebuli SeTanxmebis dokumentis (xelmowera dagegmilia 2014 wlis bolos) farglebSi ganxiluli da SeTanxmebuli evrodoreqtivebis konkretuli muxlebi. agreTve SemuSavebulia narCenebis marTvis CarCo kanonis proeqti, romlis miRebac igegmeba 2014 wels.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, nebismieri saqmianobis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis dros mewarme/saqmianobis subieqti valdebulia, miiRos saTanado zomebi garemosa da adamianis janmrTelobaze mavne zemoqmedebis riskis Tavidan asacileblad an Sesamcireblad; daicvas biomravalferovneba Seuqcevadi degradaciisgan da aRadginos saqmianobis ganxorcielebis Sedegad degradirebuli garemo pirvandel mdgomareobasTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli saxiT.

saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba moicavs konstitucias, garemosdacviT kanonebs, saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebs, kanonqvemdebare normatiul aqtebs, prezidentis brZanebulebebs, ministrTa kabinetis dadgenilebebs, ministrebis brZanebebs, instruqciebs, regulaciebs da sxva.

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saqarTvelos konstitucia (miRebulia 1995 wels, Sesworebebi. 1999, 2000-2006, 2008 ww.)

saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxliT qveynis yvela moqalaqes ufleba aqvs, cxovrobdes janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel garemoSi, sargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli simdidriT da amave dros ekisreba valdebuleba, daicvas igi.

konstituciis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos mTavroba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri gamoyeneba da daicvas bunebrivi garemo.

saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (ZalaSia 1996, Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007, 2013) - kanoni aregulirebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze, teritoriuli wylebis, sahaero sivrcis, kontinenturi Selfis da specialuri ekonomikuri zonebis CaTvliT, garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul sferoSi saxelmwifo dawesebulebebsa da fizikur an iuridiul pirebs Soris samarTlebriv urTierTobas.

kanoni ganixilavs garemos dacviTi ganaTlebis, garemosdacviTi marTvis sakiTxebs.

kanoni exeba narCenebis marTvis zogierT aspeqts.

narCenebis marTva, maTi Semotana, eqsporti, re-eqsporti da tranziti regulirdeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli wesiT. kanoni kerZod gansazRvravs ekologiur moTxovnebs narCenebTan dakavSirebiT (muxli 34).

aq mocemuli debulebis Tanaxmad, mewarme valdebulia, Seamciros sawarmoo, sayofacxovrebo da sxva tipis narCenebis warmoqmna, uzrunvelyos saTanado gauvnebleba, utilizacia, ganTavseba an Camarxva garemosdacviTi, sanitarul-higienuri da epidemiologiuri normebis da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. narCenebis (sawarmoo da sayofacxovrebo) ganTavseba daSvebulia mxolod specialurad gamoyofil teritoriaze garemosdacviTi da sanitaruli moTxovnebis dacviT. saqarTvelos kanoniT garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1996, muxli 5) garemos dacvis ZiriTad principebad gansazRvrulia "narCenebis minimizaciis principi" - saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas upiratesoba eniWeba iseT teqnologias,romelic uzrunvelyofs narCenebis minimizacias; da

"reciklirebis principi" - saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas upiratesoba eniWeba xelmeored gamoyenebad an gadaumuSavebad, biologiurad degradirebad an garemosaTvis uvneblad daSlad nivTierebebs, masalebs da qimiur naerTebs;

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gadamuSaveba (maT Soris, narCenebis dawvis qarxnebis mowyoba) an/da nagavsayrelebis mowyoba, iseve rogorc toqsikuri da sxva saxifaTo narCenebis ganTavseba, maTi samarxebis mowyoba an/da am narCenebis gadamuSaveba, gauvnebleba eqvemdebareba ekologiuri

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eqspertizas da Sesabamisad garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis aRebas (saqarTvelos kanoni ”garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb ”(gzn) 2008).

kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb (2007 w,) - kanonis mizania: mosaxleobis janmrTelobisa da cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba; adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelyofa; ojaxis reproduqciuli janmrTelobis dacvis xelSewyoba; gadamdebi da aragadamdebi daavadebebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acileba. kanoni gansazRvravs mosaxleobisa da iuridiul pirTa ufleba-movaleobebs sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis sferoSi. sazogadoebis janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelyofis mizniT, saministro adgens adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos xarisxobriv normebs (atmosferuli haeri, wyali, niadagi, xmauri, vibracia, eleqtromagnituri gamosxiveba), romlebic moicavs zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebisa da mavne zemoqmedebis normebs.

kanoni licenziebis da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb (2005 w.) - kanoni aregulirebs iseT organizebul saqmianobas an qmedebas, romelic exeba pirTa ganusazRvrel wres, xasiaTdeba adamianis sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis momatebuli safrTxiT, moicavs gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv interesebs an dakavSirebulia saxelmwifo resursebiT sargeblobasTan. es kanoni awesrigebs licenziiTa da nebarTviT regulirebul sferos, gansazRvravs licenziisa da nebarTvis amomwurav CamonaTvals, adgens licenziisa da nebarTvis gacemis, maTSi cvlilebebis Setanis da maTi gauqmebis wesebs. kanonis Sesabamisad, saqmianobis an qmedebis saxelmwifo regulireba licenziiT an nebarTviT xorcieldeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es saqmianoba an qmedeba uSualod ukavSirdeba adamianis sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis momatebul safrTxes, an saxelmwifo Tu sazogadoebrivi interesis sferoebs. saxelmwifo regulireba xorcieldeba mxolod maSin, Tu licenziis an nebarTvis gacemiT realurad SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli safrTxis Semcireba an saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi interesebis gaTvaliswineba.

kanonis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia, ucxo qveynis mier gacemuli licenzia an nebarTva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT an kanoniT aRiarebuli iqnes da mieniWos iseTive samarTlebrivi statusi, rogoric aqvs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gacemul licenzias an nebarTvas.

kanoni wylis Sesaxeb (1997 w. Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2013 w.w.).

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebsa da fizikur da iuridiul pirebs Soris wylis dacvis, Seswavlisa da gamoyenebis sferoSi;

xmeleTze, wiaRSi, kontinentur Selfze, teritoriul wylebSi da gansakuTrebul ekonomikur zonaSi wylis dacvis, aRdgenisa da gamoyenebis sferoSi;

wylis sasaqonlo produqciis warmoebisa da wyliT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis sferoSi;

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gansazRvravs avtonomiuri respublikebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebis kompetencias wyalTan dakavSirebuli urTierTobis sferoSi;

urTierTobebs miwisqveSa wylebis dacvis, Seswavlisa da gamoyenebis sferoSi, „wiaRis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

urTierTobebs wylis cxovelTa samyaros dacvis, Seswavlis, aRwarmoebisa da gamoyenebis sferoSi "cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

awesrigebs wyalsargeblobis dros cxovelTa samyaros, mcenareuli safaris, tyis, miwisa da sxva bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTobebs.

kanonis mixedviT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli wyali saxelmwifo sakuTrebaa da gaicema mxolod sargeblobisaTvis. akrZalulia yovelgvari qmedeba, romelic pirdapir an faruli formiT xelyofs wylis saxelmwifo sakuTrebis uflebas.

kanoni niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb (1994 w., Sesw. 1997, 2002, 2010, 2011 w.w.) - kanonis mizania, uzrunvelyos niadagis mTlianobis dacva da nayofierebis gaumjobeseba, gansazRvravs mosargebleTa da saxelmwifos valdebulebebs da pasuxismgeblobas niadagis dacvis pirobebis da ekologiurad sufTa produqtebis uzrunvelsayofad. kanoni gansazRvravs niadagSi saxifaTo nivTierebaTa koncentraciis maqsimalur dasaSveb zRvrebs.

kanoni gamoricxavs nayofieri miwebis arasasoflo-sameurneo mizniT gamoyenebas, krZalavs raime saqmianobis warmarTvas niadagis zeda nayofieri Sris moxsnis gareSe, krZalavs Ria karieris wesiT wiaRiseulis mopovebas Semdgomi rekultivaciis gareSe, krZalavs terasebis mowyobas winaswari kvlevis da damtkicebuli proeqtis gareSe; krZalavs ukontrolo Zovebas, tyis Wrasa da niadagis dacvis saSualebebis dazianebas; krZalavs yovelgvar saqmianobas, romelsac ZaluZs niadagis xarisxis gauareseba (mag. akrZaluli qimiuri nivTierebebis/sasuqebis gamoyeneba, da sxv.).

atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis (1999 w. Sesw. 2000, 2007, 2013, 2014 w.w.) regulirebis sferoa – saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze atmosferuli haeris mavne anTropogenuli zemoqmedebisagan dacva (kari I, Tavi I, muxli 1.1). mavne anTropogenuli zemoqmedeba aris atmosferul haerze adamianis saqmianobiT gamowveuli nebismieri zemoqmedeba, romelic axdens an romelmac SesaZloa moaxdinos uaryofiTi zegavlena adamianis janmrTelobasa da bunebriv garemoze. (k. II, T. IV, m. 11.1).

daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni (1997 w., Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, w.w.). kanoni iZleva daculi teritoriebis gansazRvrebas (romelic moicavs erovnul parkebs, saxelmwifo nakrZalebs da aRkveTilebs) da adgens am teritoriebSi dasaSvebi saqmianobebis sazRvrebs. nebadarTuli

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saqmianobebi gansazRvrulia teritoriis daniSnulebis, teritoriebis kanonmdeblobis, kerZo debulebebis da daculi teritoriebis samenejmento gegmebis, agreTve saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebisa da konvenciebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, romlebzec saqarTvelos xeli aqvs mowerili. gansazRvravs SezRudvebs bunebrivi erovnuli parkebis da sxva daculi teritoriebis farglebSi bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebaze.

saqarTvelos kanoni „saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb“ miRebuli aris 1997 wels (Seworebebi 2010, 2011, 2013), romelic awesrigebs narCenebis tranzits da imports saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze..

saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze (misi teritoriuli wylebis, sahaero sivrcis, kontinenturi Selfisa da gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri zonis CaTvliT) akrZalulia yovelgvari narCenebis tranziti da importi, Tu amis Sesaxeb pirdapir ar uTiTebs es kanoni.

saqarTvelos organuli kanoni adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb (2005) Sesabamisad sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvaSi ZiriTadi roli da pasuxismgebloba (narCenebis mogroveba da teritoriis dasufTaveba, narCenebis gatana, maT saboloo ganTavsebaze pasuxismgebloba) ekisrebaT adgilobriv municipalitetebs. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebasa da municipaluri myari narCenebis marTvas kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad axorcieleben adgilobrivi mmarTvelobebis dasufTavebis samsaxurebi/operatorebi. kompaniis SerCeva/kontraqtebis dadeba dagva-dasufTavebis, narCenebis Segrovebisa an/da maTi nagavsayrelebze ganTavsebis momsaxurebaze xdeba tenderis gziT da rogorc wesi SerCeulia samTavrobo dawesebulebebi an SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis kompaniebia 100%-iani saxelmwifos wiliT.

oficialuri nagavsayrelebis operireba warmoadgens regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros marTvaSi arsebuli Sps „saqarTvelos myari narCenebis marTvis kompaniis“ pasuxismgeblobas.

saqarTvelos kanoniT „adgilobrivi mosakreblebis Sesaxeb“ (2010) gansazRvrulia narCenebis marTvaze mosakreblis zRvruli odenoba mosaxleobis, iuridiuli piris, organizaciisa da dawesebulebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis strategia 2010 – 2017 ww. mixedviT (Tavi 3.3. municipaluri narCenebis marTva) municipaluri infrastruqturis sistemebis efeqtiani marTvis meqanizmis Camoyalibeba moicavs narCenebis marTvis sferos mowesrigebis, Sesabamisi standartebis dadgenasa da momsaxurebis gaumjobesebas, saukeTeso praqtikisa da geografiuli mdebareobis gaTvaliwinebiT, momsaxurebis safasuris gaangariSebis standartuli meTodologiis SemuSavebas; narCenebis marTvis sferos komercializaciis waxalisebas; narCenebis daxarisxebis sistemebis danergvas, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli infeqciis gavrcelebisa Tu garemos

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dabinZurebis maRali riski, rac ukavSirdeba yvela saxis narCenis erTad transportirebasa da deponirebas.

3.2. narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba

3.2.1. narCenebis CarCo direqtiva

a. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos narCenebis direqtiva (Directive

2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste)

am direqtivis mTavari mizania, narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri qmedeba mimarTuli iyos adamianebis janmrTelobisa da garemos dacvisaken. igi ganixilavs narCenebis kategoriebs garda qvemoT CamoTvlilisa:

gazuri emisiebi

radioaqtiuri elementebi

feTqebadi narCenebi

fekaluri masebi

sakanalizacio wyali

cxoveluri produqtebi

cxovelebis ConCxebi

mineraluri resursebisagan miRebuli elementebi

da awesebs zogad terminologiasa da ganmartebebs, aseve gansazRvrul wesebs narCenebis ganTavsebaze. gansazRvravs narCenebis aRdgenisa da ganTavsebis mTavar koncefcias da aregulirebs narCenebis marTvis moTxovnebs. direqtiva aseve aregulirebs narCenebis damuSavebis (transportireba, gadatana, daxarisxeba da a.S.) mTavar principebs. igi mouwodebs monawile qveynebs, Seamciron narCenebi sufTa teqnologiebisa da gadamuSavebadi masalis gamoyenebis saSualebiT. direqtiva yvela monawile qveyanas avaldebulebs, SeimuSaos narCenebis marTvis gegmebi, SemoiRos nebarTvebi, moaxdinos narCenebis monitoringi da registracia. direqtivaSi ganmartebulia principi, ”damabinZurebeli ixdis,” romelic avaldebulebs gadaumuSavebeli narCenebis mwarmoeblebs, gadaixadon narCenebis ganTavsebis gadasaxadi.

evrosabWos direqtiva saxifaTo narCenebze (Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12

December 1991 on hazardous waste)

es direqtiva Seexeba saxifaTo narCenebs, romelic ufro amkacrebs misi marTvisa da ganTavsebis wesebsa da procedurebs.

b. evrosabWos 2000 wlis 3 martis gadawyvetileba #2000/532/EC, romelic adgens saxifaTo narCenebis CamonaTvals da kategoriebs da amtkicebs evropis narCenebis katalogs.

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c. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos instruqcia (regulacia) narCenebis transportirebaze (Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and

of the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste)

am instruqciis mTavari mizanic garemosa da janmrTelobis dacvaa.

instruqcia aregulirebs narCenebs rogorc qveynebs SigniT, aseve transsasazRvro transportirebis wesebsa da procedurebs. igi moicavs bazelisa da stoqholmis konvenciebis sakiTxebsac, romlebic savaldebuloa monawile qveynebisaTvis.

3.2.2. evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba narCenebis marTvis operirebaze

a. evrosabWos nagavsayrelis direqtiva (Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26

April 1999 on the landfill of waste)

es direqtiva gansazRvravs narCenebis sxvadasxva kategoriebs (municipaluri, saxifaTo, arasaxifaTo da inertuli) da maTi ganTavsebis opciebs. nagavsayrelebi sam klasad iyofa:

saxifaTo narCenebis nagavsayrelebi

arasaxifaTo narCenebis nagavsayrelebi

inertuli narCenebis nagavsayrelebi

es direqtiva mkafiod gansazRvravs samive klasis nagavsayrelebis mSeneblobisa da Semdgomi operirebis Taviseburebebs, standartebs, wesebsa da procedurebs. igi kidev erTxel mouwodebs yvela monawile qveyanas, Seamciron nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebeli narCenebis raodenoba wyaroSi Semcirebis, gadamuSavebisa da meoradi gamoyenebis gziT.

b. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos direqtiva narCenebis insinirebasTan dakavSirebiT (Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste)

direqtiva adgens operirebis mkacr pirobebsa da teqnikur moTxovnebs insiniratorebisaTvis, nebarTvebis struqturas, standartebs, narCenebis miRebisa da Cabarebis procedurebs da sxva. aseve sazRvravs haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gafrqvevisa da wylis CaSvebis limitebs, maT sakontrolo RonisZiebebsa da meqanizmebs.

c. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos direqtiva portsa da xomaldebze generirebuli narCenebis Sesaxeb (Directive 2000/59/EC of the European Parliament and of

the Council of 27 November 2000 on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo

residues).

3.2.3. evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba specifikuri narCenebis dinebebis Sesaxeb

a. evrosabWos direqtiva narCeni zeTebis ganTavsebaze (Council Directive

75/439/EEC of 16 June 1975 on the disposal of waste oils)

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b. evrosabWos direqtiva titanis dioqsidis industriidan miRebul narCenebze (Council Directive 92/112/EEC of 15 December 1992 on procedures for harmonizing the

programmes for the reduction and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from the titanium

dioxide industry)

c. evrosabWos direqtiva sakanalizacio masis gamoyenebaze agrosamrewvelo miznebiT (Council Directive 86/278/EEC of 12 June 1986 on the protection of

the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture)

d. evrosabWos direqtiva elementebisa da akumulatorebis ganTavsebaze (Council Directive 91/157/EEC of 18 March 1991 on batteries and accumulators containing certain

dangerous substances)

e. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos direqtiva SefuTvasa da SesafuTi masalis narCenebze (European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994

on packaging and packaging waste)

f. evroparlamentisa da evrosabWos direqtiva gauvargisebuli avtomobilebis saboloo ganTavsebaze (Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament

and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles)

garda amisa, evrokavSirma ramdenime direqtiva da gadawyvetileba gamosca narCenebis registaciis, angariSgebisa da statistikis Sesaxeb.

3.3. narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso konvenciebi

bazelis konvencia – saxifaTo narCenebis transasazRvro gadazidvasa da maT

ganTavsebaze kontrolis Sesaxeb (1989 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis/SeerTebis TariRi: 4 maisi, 1999 w.

roterdamis konvencia – calkeuli saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebiTa da

pesticidebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis sferoSi winaswari dasabuTebuli Tanxmobis procedurebis Sesaxeb (1998 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis/SeerTebis TariRi: 1 dekemberi, 2006 w.

gaeros klimatis cvlilebis CarCo konvencia (1992 w). ratificirebulia 1994 wels saqarTvelos mier da kiotos oqmi – klimatis

cvlilebis Sesaxeb. (kioto, 1997 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis TariRi: 28 maisi, 1999 wels.

yvela zemoTaRniSnuli direqtivis naxva da detalurad gacnoba inglisur enaze SesaZlebelia Semdeg internet misamarTze:

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/legislation/index.htm

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venis konvencia – ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb da monrealis oqmi ozonis Sris damSleli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb (1985 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis/SeerTebis TariRi: 8 noemberi, 1995 w.

stokholmis konvencia – gaero-s konvencia mdgradi organuli

damabinZureblebis (POPs) Sesaxeb (2001 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis/SeerTebis TariRi: 11 aprili, 2006 w.

orhusis konvencia – garemosdacviT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli informaciis

xelmisawvdomobis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobisa da am sferoSi marTlmsajulebis sakiTxebze xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb (25 ivnisi, 1998 w). saqarTvelos mier ratificirebis/SeerTebis TariRi: 11 Tebervali, 2000 w.

Jenevis konvencia Sor manZilebze haeris transsasazRvro dabinZurebis Sesaxeb

(1979 w). saqarTvelosTvis ZalaSi Sevida: 13 ianvari, 1999.

3.4. narCenebis marTvis gegma

narCenebis marTvis gegma narCenebis marTvis mdgradi integrirebuli

marTvis sistemis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponentia. evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba calsaxad moiTxovs yoveli monawile qveynisagan erTi an ramdenime amgvari gegmis SemuSavebas evrokavSiris direqtivebis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

narCenebis gegma narCenebis integrirebuli mdgradi marTvis sistemis mTavari komponentia. is aris erT-erTi ZiriTadi instrumenti narCenebis swori da mdgradi marTvis uzrunvelsayofad. igi mTlianad moicavs narCenebis “sicocxlis” cikls, maTi warmoSobidan saboloo ganTavsebamde.

narCenebis marTvis gegmis mTavari mizania ;

Seesabamebodes narCenebis saxelmwifo politikas, miznebsa da amocanebs.

gansazRvros narCenebis raodenoba, dinebebi da uzrunvelyos Segrovebis, ganTavsebisa da (ga)damuSavebis sistemebis Sesabamisoba maT raodenobasTan.

akontrolos teqnologiuri RonisZiebebi, gamoavlinos is komponentebi, sadac aucilebelia sxvadasxva Sesabamisi teqnologiis gamoyeneba.

gansazRvros yoveli gamovlenili dinebisaTvis konkretuli saboloo ganTavsebis pirobebi.

Camoayalibos ekonomikuri da sainvesticio moTxovnebi mag. Segrovebis sqemebze, gadamuSavebaze da a.S.

gansazRvros saWiro resursebi, rogorc adamianuri ise finansuri da teqnikuri.

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narCenebis marTvis gegmis Sedgenisas Zalze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTulobas, iqneba es sazogadoeba, mTavrobis struqturebi, arasamTavrobo seqtori, kerZo seqtori Tu ama Tu im sferos eqspertebi.

3.4.1. narCenebis marTvis gegmebis ierarqia

qveyanaSi integrirebuli, mdgradi narCenebis marTvis sistemis Sesaqmnelad da gansaxorcieleblad ZiriTadad saWiroa 4 donis gegmebis SemuSaveba. esenia:

narCenebis marTvis centralizebuli, erovnuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma, sadac ganxiluli iqneba ZiriTadi strategiuli sakiTxebi.

narCenebis marTvis regionuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma. erovnuli strategiaze dayrdnobiT yoveli regionaluri erTeuli SeimuSavebs regionalur strategias adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegma. municipalitetebi da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi SeimuSaveben ukve detalur narCenebis marTvis gegmebs konkretuli raionebisa Tu dasaxlebuli punqtebisaTvis.

narCenebis marTvis sawarmoo gegma. msxvili da saSualo sawarmoebi, sxvadasxva proeqtebi Tu sxva komerciuli dawesebulebebi SeimuSaveben konkretulad maTi uSualo saqmianobis Sesabamis narCenebis marTvis gegmebs.

3.4.2. erTiani saxelmwifo strategia

erovnul doneze narCenebis marTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania erTiani saxelmwifo strategia. es aris narCenebis marTvis dagegmarebis grZelvadiani xedva, romelic gansazRvravs narCenebis marTvis zogad principebs, gamokveTs prioritetebs, gansazRvravs miwis gamoyofis da sivrciTi dagegmarebis mimarTulebebs. saxelmwifo strategias SeimuSavebs mTavroba da is warmoadgens qveynis sivrciTi dagegmarebis mniSvnelovan nawils.

tradiciulad myari narCenebis marTva adgilobrivi xelisuflebis saqme iyo. axla, teqnikuri progresis pirobebSi, ramac axali narCenebis wyaroebis warmoSoba gamoiwvia (mag. samrewvelo narCenebi, SesafuTi masala, eleqtro mowyobilobebi, laboratoriebi da a.S.), sul ufro meti organizacia erTveba narCenebis marTvis jaWvSi. sazogadoebrividan kerZo institutebisaken gadasvlis aucileblobis gamo, xelisuflebam unda Camoayalibos Zlieri maregulirebeli organo, romelic gaakontrolebs kerZo momsaxurebis momwodeblebis efeqtur da xarisxian saqmianobas. erT raionSi SeiZleba arsebobdes ramdenime aseTi organo.

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narCenebis marTvis erovnuli strategia gawerili unda iyos daaxloebiT 15-30 wlian periodze da unda Seicavdes narCenebis marTvis mkafiod Camoyalibebul komponentebs. Aamave dros, unda ayalibebdes narCenebis marTvis modelebs.

erTiani saxelmwifo strategia unda uzrunvelyofdes qveyanaSi narCenebis marTvis iseTi mdgradi sistemis Camoyalibebas, romelic iTvaliswinebs narCenebis Semcirebas, xelaxal gamoyenebas, gadamuSavebas (reciklirebas) da mxolod darCenili mcire nawilis nagavsayrelze ganTavsebas.

faqtobrivad, narCenebis marTvis erTiani saxelmwifo strategiis mizani unda iyos - qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Sedegad gamowveuli narCenebis moculobis zrdis tendeciis Semcireba, rac gamoiwvevs Zireul cvlilebebs narCenebis marTvis arsebul meTodebSi da mniSvnelovani investiciebis mozidvas am sferoSi.

3.4.3. narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma

narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmas 5-10 wlis periodze gaTvliT SeimuSavebs mTavroba da sakanonmdeblo aqtis saxiT amtkicebs premier ministri.

es aris gegma, romelSic detalurad aris gawerili erTian erovnul strategiaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebi:

marTvis konkretuli modelebi;

gansakuTrebuli strategiuli moTxovnebi (akrZalvebi, winapirobebi, gadasaxadebi da a.S.)

amave dros, narCenebis marTvis erovnuli gegma ar gansazRvravs da

aRwers konkretul teqnologiebsa da narCenebis marTvis meTodebs.

samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebis dros ganxiluli unda iyos qveyanaSi arsebuli narCenebis yvela kategoria da detalurad unda iqnas ganmartebuli saerTaSoriso Tu adgilobrivi standartebi, romelTa gamoyenebac savaldebulo iqneba narCenebis marTvis sistemis nebismier doneze. aseve, narCenebis marTvis saxelmwifo gegmam xeli unda Seuwyos narCenebis angariSgebis moqnili sistemis Camoyalibebas.

narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmaში miTiTebuli unda iyos:

narCenebis separaciisa (daxarisxebis) da Segrovebis prioritetuli meTodebi da teqnologiebi (mag. Sualeduri gadamamuSavebeli sadgurebi, nagavsayrelebi, insinereba, ,,kardakar Segroveba”, centralizebuli Segroveba da sxva);

narCenebis TiToeuli kategoriisaTvs saboloo ganTavsebis pirobebi;

narCenebis ganTavsebis poligonebisaTvis gansazRvruli teritoriebis sqemebi;

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orhusis konvenciiT gansazRvruli moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi;

regionebis mixedviT misaRebi meTodebisa da programebis CamonaTvali;

narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma aseve adgens meTodebisa da

programebis CamonaTvals regionebis mixedviT.

aq mTavrdeba centraluri xelisuflebis roli narCenebis marTvis

sistemis ganxorcielebaze. SemdegSi mis ZiriTad movaleobas warmoadgens

narCenebis marTvis erovnuli სამოქმედო gegmიs perioduli gadaxedva, ganaxleba, calkeuli regionebis mier saxvadasxva saxis narCenebis marTvis gegmebis koordinacia, damtkiceba da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, maTi ganxorcielebis monitoringi.

centralurma xelisuflebam aseve unda uzrunvelyos saWiro saxsrebis gamoyofa narCnebis marTvis sxvadasxva saxis programebis gansaxorcieleblad da motivirebisaTvis, rac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes saxelmwifo dotaciebiT, saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili dafinansebiT, fondebisa da sxva finansuri instrumentebisa da institutebis daxmarebiT.

3.4.4. narCenebis marTvis regionuli strategia

narCenebis marTvis regionuli strategia iqmneba uSualod konkretuli regionisTvis - Seesabameba erovnul strategias da pasuxobs narCenebis marTvis erovnul samoqmedo gegmis mier dasaxul miznebsa da amocanebs. regionuli strategiis SemuSavebis dros aseve gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos regionis Taviseburebebi.

magaliTisaTvis ganvixiloT ramdenime SemTxveva. centraluri mTavroba adgens: 1) 2012 wlis meore naxevrisaTvis moxdes nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebeli narCenebis X%-iT Semcireba urbanul raionebSi (mosaxleobis sididis mixedviT) da Y%-iT sasoflo sameurneo raionebSi an 2) 2012 wlis dekembridan aikrZalos polieTilenis masalis nebismieri saxiT ganTavseba nagavsayrelebze.

magaliTad: ganxorcieldes narCenebis gadamuSavebis (reciklirebis) RonisZiebebi N regionSi, adgilobrivi arsebuli (an Tu aseTi ar moiZebneba axali, Tanamedrove) teqnologiebis saSualebiT da moxdes miRebuli resursis adgilobriv bazarze gasaReba.

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narCenebis marTvis regionuli samoqmedo gegmebidan gamomdinareobs

municipaluri narCenebis marTvis gegmebi.

3.4.5. narCenebis marTvis adgilobrivi gegma

narCenebis marTvis adgilobrivi (municipaluri) gegma gulisxmobs konkretuli qalaqis, raionis, dasaxlebuli punqtisa Tu soflis, narCenebis marTvis konkretul sqemebs da uzrunvelyofs narCenebis Segrovebas, gatanasa da ganTavsebas.

narCenebis marTvis adgilobrivi gegmaს amtkicebენ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi.

narCenebis marTvis municipaluri gegma ufro detaluri da metad koncentrirebuli unda iyos teqnikur sakiTxebze. adgilobriv gegmebSi zustad unda iyos gansazRvruli sxvadasxva saqmianobis uSualo Semsruleblebi, mosaxleobis raodenobidan da sezonurobidan gamomdinare - narCenebis mosalodneli raodenoba, narCenebis Segrovebis saSualebebi da sqema, maTi saboloo ganTavsebis pirobebi da teqnologiebi, biujetis dagegmva, gadasaxadebi da sxva finansuri instrumentebi da a.S.

pasuxismgebloba gegmis ganxorcielebaze ekisreba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebs da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro Tanxebi asaxuli unda iyos adgilobriv biujetSi.

3.4.6. narCenebis marTvis sawarmoo gegma

nebismier sawarmos, romelic awarmoebs produqcias da Tavisi saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnis narCens, kanonmdeblobiT evaleba narCenebis marTvis gegmebis SemuSaveba.

msxvil sawarmoebs, romelTa saqmianoba garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis obieqtia, moeTxovebaT garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis (gzS) angariSis warmodgena saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministroSi gansaxilvelad. aseTi angariSi TavisTavad moicavs narCenebis marTvas, Tumca calkeuli narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba, romelic daefuZneba gzS-Si moyvanil principebs, mainc savaldebuloa. aseTi saxis sawarmoebisaTvis narCenebis marTvis gegmas amtkicebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo, sakrebulo.

zogierT regionSi SeiZleba nagavsayrelis ganTavseba da amasTan insineratoris mowyobac, rodesac sxva mis mezobel regionSi, bunebrivi faqtorebidan gamomdinare, arc erTi aseTi RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba ar SeiZleba.

zogierT regionSi “kardakar” Segrovebis praqtika misaRebia, rodesac vTqvaT did qalaqebSi araefeqturia.

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sawarmoo gegma unda moicavdes sawarmoo procesis mTel cikls da masTan dakavSirebul narCenebis marTvas warmoSobidan saboloo ganTavsebamde. sawarmoo narCenebis marTvis gegma unda asaxavdes saxelmwifo gegmebSi dasaxul miznebsa da amocanebs da integrirebuli iqnas sxva sawarmoo gegmebTan da sistemebTan.

3.5. mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebis (Stakeholders) identificireba

rogorc aRvniSneT, mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebi, e.w. “Stakeholders”

arian fizikuri pirebi da organizaciebi (magaliTad, momxmareblebi, sponsorebi, ganmaxorcielebeli organoebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi da a.S.), romlebic pirdapir Tu arapirdapir arian CarTuli ama Tu im procesSi (sistemaSi) da vis interesebzec dadebiTad an uaryofiTad SeiZleba imoqmedos konkretulma proeqtma (sistemam) misi mimdinareobisas an dasrulebis Semdeg.

dainteresebulma mxareebma aseve SeiZleba sxvadasxva xarisxiT TviTon iqonion zemoqmedeba sistemis funqcionirebasa da ganviTarebaze.

dainteresebuli mxareebis tipuri magaliTebia:

centraluri mTavroba

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi (gamgeobebi da sakrebuloebi)

municipalitetebi da maTi samsaxurebi

momxmareblebi (konkretuli quCis, qalaqis, raionis, regionis, qveynis mosaxleoba)

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi

gansakuTrebuli interesis mqone sxva pirebi da organizaciebi (mowinaaRmdegeni, momxreebi da a.S.)

kerZo seqtoris warmomadgeneli kompaniebi

mas Semdeg, rac mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebi gamovlenilia,

aucilebelia maTi gavlenis analizi narCenebis marTvis sistemis Camoyalibebasa da mis funqcionirebaze.

konkretuli dainteresebuli mxareebis gamovlenisTvis saWiro pasuxi gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs:

vin iRebs ukugebas sistemidan?

vis Seaqvs sistemaSi Tavisi wvlili?

vin akontrolebs sistemas?

vis gaaCnia sxva Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba?

vin imkis gamarjvebas warmatebis SemTxvevaSi?

vin dazaraldeba warumateblobis dros?

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narCenebis integrirebuli marTvis sistemis ganviTarebis dros Zalian mniSvnelovania mTavari dainteresebuli mxaris, sazogadoebis CarTuloba sistemis muSaobaSi, radganac sazogadoebas SeuZlia, yvelaze didi zegavlena moaxdinos nebismieri sistemis mdgradobaze.

sazogadoebrivi CarTuloba aris socialuri procesi, romlis drosac mosaxleobas Tavisi cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebis surviliT yoveldRiuri Sexeba aqvs da marTavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa: wyalmomarageba, ganaTleba, janmrTeloba da a.S. es procesi gulisxmobs sxvadasxva xarisxis individualur an koleqtiur CarTulobas, finansur an pirad kontribucias da sxva.

sazogadoebis CarTuloba mTlian procesSi, misi dagegmvidan,

ganxorcielebamde, iZleva saSualebas, rom მან Tavad gansazRvros თავისათვის aucilebeli prioritetebi da proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg TviTonve iyos pasuxismgebeli Sedegebze.

3.5.1. sistemis benefiti (sargebeli)

bevr ganviTarebad qveyanaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis finansuri resursebis mobilizeba umTavresi problemaa. sazogadoebis CarTuloba ar niSnavs mis iaf muSaxelad gamoyenebas. arsebobs myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis sferoSi sazogadoebis CarTulobis sxvadasxva forma, magaliTad:

mosaxleoba axarisxebs narCenebs sakuTar saxlebSi.

mosaxleobas gamoaqvs narCenebis urnebi saxlidan da xels uwyobს Segrovebis gaadvilebas.

sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi monawileoben narCenebis Segrovebis dagegmvasa da muSaxelis daqiravebis procesSi.

moqalaqeebi moiTxoven municipalitetebisagan ukeTes momsaxurebas.

sazogadoebis wevrebi monawileoben dasufTavebis aqciebSi.

ixdian mosakrebels narCenebis marTvis momsaxurebisaTvis.

makontroleblebi e.w. “Watchdog” axorcieleben monitorings momsaxurebis ganxorcielebaze.

sazogadoebis CarTuloba sistemas moutans Semdeg SesaZlo sargebels:

sistemis efeqturobis gaumjobeseba.

sistemis mdgradoba.

konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebas.

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3.5.2. sazogadoebis benefiti

izrdeba pasuxismgeblobis da codnis done. sazogadoeba iZens xelisuflebasTan molaparakebebis warmarTvis gamocdilebas.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileoba niSnavs, rom sxvadasxva problematuri da sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi aucileblad iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli narCenebis marTvis procesSi.

sazogadoebis monawileoba aseve niSnavs, rom mis wevrebs eZlevaT saSualeba warmoaCinon, SesaZleblobebi da amiT sakuTari Tavis realizacia moaxdinon.

individualur doneze mosaxleoba pasuxismgebelia, izrunos sakuTari

narCenebis urnebSi moTavsebaze an Tundac sakuTari ezoebis dasufTavebaze. individualuri pasuxismgeblobis garda arsebobs koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobac. magaliTad, dasufTavebis erToblivi RonisZiebebi an sazogadoebrivi pasuxismgeblobis da ganaTlebis donis amaRlebis xelSemwyobi aqciebi. sazogadoebis CarTuloba aseve SeiZleba moicavdes materialur, finansur an fizikur daxmarebas myari narCenebis marTvis sxvadasxva RonisZiebaSi.

sazogadoebis CarTulobis maRal maCvenebels warmoadgens aqtiuri monawileoba procesebis mimdinareobaSi, rac gulisxmobs Sexvedrebze daswrebasa da sakuTari Sexedulebebis dafiqsirebas.

3.6. biujetis gansazRvra da analizi

3.6.1. narCenebis marTvis marketingi

narCenebis marTvas gaaCnia erTi gansakuTrebuli maxasiaTebeli. narCenebis

Segrovebis momsaxurebis sferoSi SeiZleba erTmaneTs konkurencia gauwion adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobebma da kerZo seqtorma.

arsebobs momsaxureobis miwodebis oTxi ZiriTadi modeli:

Segroveba pirdapir adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mier.

Segrovebis bazarze kerZo seqtoris CarTva, rodesac adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba aRar uzrunvelyofs Segrovebas.

kerZo da sazogadoebrivi seqtoris TanamSromloba erTi da igive bazarze.

xelSekruleba, rodesac tenderis safuZvelზe narCenebis marTvis

sxvadasxva elementi gadaecema mesame pirს, kerZo kompanias.

es ukanaskneli yvelaze gavrcelebulia narCenebis Segrovebis modelebs Soris mTel msoflioSi. saqarTveloSi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvaSi

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ZiriTadi roli da pasuxismgebloba (narCenebis mogroveba da teritoriis dasufTaveba, narCenebis gatana, maT transportireba) ekisrebaT adgilobriv municipalitetebs. oficialuri nagavsayrelebis operireba ki warmoadgens regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros marTvaSi arsebuli Sps „saqarTvelos myari narCenebis marTvis kompaniis“ pasuxismgeblobas.

3.6.2. finansirebis wyaroebi

rogorc aRvniSneT, narCenebis integrirebuli marTvis sistemis mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia finansebi. misi moZiebisa da mozidvis mravali xerxi da saSualeba arsebobs.

narCenebis marTvis mdgradi integrirebuli sistema adgilobrivi biujetidan unda finansdebodes. igi gadasaxdelebis, mosakreblebisa da sawarmoo narCenebis mwarmoeblebis xarjze unda iqnas dafinansebuli. amis garda aucilebelia sufsidiebi centraluri biujetidanac. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom bevr ganviTarebul qveyanaSi narCenebis marTvis sistemebi sxvadasxva saxelmwifo fondebisa da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis saSualebiTac finansdeba.

narCenebis marTvis sistemis biujeti didad aris damokidebuli saxelmwifos erTian strategiasa da amocanebze. decentralizacia da biujetis dagegmvisas adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis Tavisuflebis miniWeba mdgradi sistemis Camoyalibebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam mocemuli konkretuli raionis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT TviTon unda daamuSavos, dagegmos da Seasrulos biujeti, romlis didi nawili isev municipalitetebis narCenebis marTvis sistemis ganviTarebasa da SenarCunebas unda moxmardes.

narCenebis marTvis sistemis gamarTuli funqcionireba xels uwyobs qveyanaSi sxvadasxva axali saqmianobis sferos ganviTarebas, rac TavisTavad dakavSirebulia axali samuSao adgilebis SeqmnasTan da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis keTildReobis zrdasTan.

mraval qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebSi, mosakrebelze dafuZnebuli narCenebis sistemis tarifebis done bevr SemTxvevaSi ar aris xelmisawvdomi dabali Semosavlebis mqone mosaxleobis jgufebisaTvis. sakamaToa is faqtic, rom mosaxleobis yvela jgufi, romelic sargebels iRebs narCenebis marTvis sistemidan, finansurad unda uzrunvelyofdes mis

funqcionirebas da SenarCunebas. Cveulebriv, qveynis moqalaqeebi narCenebis marTvis servisis pirdapiri momxmareblebi da mosargebleebi arian. kerZo seqtori, romelic resursebis ganaxlebasa da reciklirebaSia dasaqmebuli, aseve iRebs sargebels, radganac xeli miuwvdeba Rirebul narCen masalebze da iRebs finansur mogebas. dabolos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da centraluri mTavroba iRebs sargebels janmrTelobisa da garemos dacvis Semcirebuli xarjebis wyalobiT, mzardi turistuli biznesidan SemosavliTa da saerTaSoriso fondebidan miRebuli grantebis saSualebiT.

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myari narCenebis marTvis jaWvSi sxvadasxva aspeqtebis gaumjobesebisa da gamarTuli narCenebis integrirebuli, mdgradi sistemis Camoyalibebis, ganviTarebisa da funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebelia sakmaod didi investiciebi, rac Sesabamisad gamoiwvevs narCenebis marTvis tarifebis swraf zrdas. yvelaferi amis sakontroleblad saWiroa biujetis swori dagegmva, rac SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva finansuri modelebis ganxorcielebis gziT.

3.6.3. msoflioSi gavrcelebuli finansirebis modelebi

msoflioSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli da praqtikaSi miRebuli finansirebis modelebia:

1. momxmareblis gadasaxdelebi (anu gadasaxadi dafuZnebuli suladobaze, komlze, narCenebis konteinerebis raodenobaze da a.S.) an moculobiTi gadasaxdeli (gadasaxadi dafuZnebuli narCenebis moculobaze). es gadasaxdelebi SedarebiT mcirea municipaluri seqtorisaTvis (mosaxleoba), magram komerciuli da industriuli seqtorebisaTvis is SeiZleba ufro maRali iyos momxmareblis gazrdili pasuxismgeblobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT. garda amisa,

maRali gadasaxdelebi narCenebis mwarmoeblebs მათი Semcirebisaken ubiZgebs.

2. jarima, mosakrebeli. aseTi gadasaxadebi pirdapiri Semosavlis formaa, romelic mniSvnelovani finansuri instrumentia mTavrobisaTvis. terminologia, jarimisa da mosakreblis sidide da specifika SeiZleba sxvadasxva regionisaTvis sxvadasxva iyos, gamomdinare regionis Taviseburebebidan. gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos agreTve jarimis formac, zog SemTxvevaSi is SeiZleba Seadgendes momsaxurebis safasuris garkveul procents, an mibmuli iqnas miyenebuli zaralis odenobaze an iyos ubralod fiqsirebuli Tanxa. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba, romelic gansazRvravs mosakreblebisa da jarimebis formirebis kriteriumebs. amitom am modelis gamoyenebisas aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli es kanonmdebloba. (ixileT danarTi: kanoni mosakreblebis Sesaxeb, kanoni jarimis Sesaxeb)

3. ekologiuri obligaciebi. bevr qveyanaSi aseTi saxis instrumenti adgilobrivi mTavrobebis mier farTod gamoiyeneba narCenebis marTvis sistemis, ekologiuri infrastruqturisa da servisisaTvis fondebis Camosayalibeblad. aseTi modelis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac qveyanaSi iarsebebs Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba obligaciebze.

4. garemosdacviTi fondi. zogirTma qveyanam Camoayaliba aRdgenadi fondebi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri daxmarebisaTvis garemosdacviTi infrastruqturisa da momsaxureobis gasaviTareblad da SesanarCuneblad. aseTi fondebi ivseba sxvadasxva mosakreblebisa da gadasaxadebis xarjze da saSualebas aZlevs municipalitetebs,

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isargeblon grZelvadiani SeRavaTiani sesxebiT narCenebis marTvis sferos gasaviTareblad. am modelis gamoyenebisas, iseve rogorc wina modelis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa qveyanaSi arsebobdes Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba, romelic daaregulirebs fondebis Seqmnisa da funqcionirebis sakiTxebs.

5. pirdapiri sesxebi. adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobebma SeiZleba isesxon saWiro raodenobis fuladi saxsrebi adgilobrivi an saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebisagan.

6. centraluri biujeti da mTavrobis subsidiebi. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi TavianTi wliuri biujetidan gamoyofen narCenebis marTvis sistemebis dafinansebisaTvis saWiro saxsrebis mniSvnelovan nawils. es Cveulebriv xdeba adgilobrivi mTavrobebis momgebiani proeqtebidan Tanadafinansebis xarjze. mravali qveynis adgilobrivi mTavrobebisaTvis centraluri biujetidan miRebuli subsidiebi jer kidev rCeba garemosdacviTi infrastruqturisa da momsaxurebis mTavar dafinansebis wyarod. aRsaniSnavia, rom narCenebis marTva, rogorc biznesi, misi ganviTarebis dasawyisSi saWiroebs mniSvnelovan daxmarebas centraluri Tu adgilobrivi mTavrobebis mxridan. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom narCenebis marTvis teqnologiebi sakmaod Zviria, gansakuTrebiT ganTavsebisa da gadamuSavebis saSualebebi, am biznesis ganviTareba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia garkveuli subsidiebis da waxalisebis gareSe. iseT ganviTarebul qveynebSic ki, rogoric amerikis SeerTebuli Statebia, narCenebis marTvis sfero sxvadasxva formiT subsidirdeba. es forma SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri fuladi subsidia, SeRavaTiani sesxi, prioritetebi gadamuSavebuli produqtis realizaciisas da a.S. magaliTad, kaliforniis StatSi saxelmwifo subsidias pirdapiri dafinansebis saxiT iRebs kompaniebisa da municipalitetebis daxloebiT 25-30%. dResdReisobiT saqarTveloSi, dawyebiT etapze, narCenebis marTvis rogorc Segrovebis, ise ganTavsebis seqtorSi aucilebelia subsidiebis gamoyofa saxelmwifos mxridan. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi am sferoSi axali investiciebis mozidva SeuZlebeli iqneba.

7. kerZo seqtoris CarTuloba. msoflioSi aseve aRiniSneba narCenebis marTvis sistemis jaWvSi kerZo seqtoris CarTulobis mzardi tendencia. narCenebis marTvis saqmianobis (Segroveba, transportireba, damuSaveba, ganTavseba, gadamuSaveba) jaWvis TiTo an ramdenime aspeqti advilad SeiZleba gadanawildes sxvadasxva organizaciebze. arsebobs aseTi TanamSromlobis ramdenime forma, magaliTad, mraval qveyanaSi pirveladi Segrovebis sistema, rasac “karidan karze Segrovebas” uwodeben, funqcionirebs kerZo kompaniebis saSualebiT. am dros mosaxleoba momsaxurebel/ momwodebel kompanias uxdis yovelTviur gadasaxdels. rac Seexeba infrastruqturas, magaliTad nagavsayrelebi, insiniratorebi da sxva, kerZo kompaniebs gadaecemaT koncesiur/lizingur safuZvelze. anu sakuTreba saxelmwifos rCeba, kerZo seqtors ki ufleba aqvs, aaSenos esa Tu is Senoba-nageboba, uzrunvelyos misi eqspluatacia da garkveuli drois Semdeg daubrunos saxelmwifos. kerZo seqtoris CarTulobis kidev erTi

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Zalian gavrcelebuli gza e.w. “franCaizingi”-s tipis xelSekrulebaa, rodesac kerZo kompanias eniWeba ufleba, Seagrovos narCenebi da Semdeg gayidos gadamuSavebadi narCeni an TviTon gadaamuSaos. es yvelaze gavrcelebuli da aprobirebuli modelia mTel msoflioSi.

kerZo seqtoris CarTulobis tipuri diagrama ase gamoiyureba

3.6.4. adgilobrivi biujetis formirebis wesebi saqarTveloSi

kanoni adgilobrivi biujetis Sesaxeb gansazRvravs Sesabamis wesebsa da formebs da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis warmoadgens instruqciebs biujetis formirebis Sesaxeb. es wesebi da instruqciebi aseve unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli narCenebis marTvis sistemis biujetis formirebisas.

3.6.5. tarifebis formireba satarifo politikas atarebs centraluri mTavroba. ganvixiloT tarifis

gansazRvris elementaruli sqema: tarifis gansazRvrisaTvis erT-erTi

kerZo

seqtoris

mar

Tvis x

aris

xi

kerZo seqtoris sakuTrebis da investiciis xarisxi

xelSekrulebebi narCenebis Segroveba da ganTavseba, operireba da movla-patronoba danad-garebisa da masalis mowo-deba

koncesia sruli koncesiuri xelSekru-leba BOOT – mSenebloba-sakuTreba-eqsploatacia-gadacema BOP – mSenebloba-eqsploatacia-gadacema

franSiza narCenebis

komerciuli Segroveba

Ria konkurencia bazarze

damyarebuli sistema

moklevadiani kontraqte-bi Ria tenderebi. sakuTreba – saxelmwifo finansireba - saxelmwifo

grZelvadiani kontraqtebi Ria tenderebi. moculobis garantiebi monopoliuri sakuTreba – saxelmwifo/kerZo seqtori finansireba – saxelmwifo / momxmareblebi

grZelvadiani kontraqtebi salicenzio mosakreblebi nawilobriv monopoliuri sakuTreba – saxelmwifo / kerZo seqtori finansireba – momxmareblebi gadawyve-tilebebis miReba – saxel-mwifo

konkurencia kerZo seq-torSi, romelic regu-lirdeba saxelmwifos mier sakuTreba – kerZo seqtori gadawyvetile-bebis miReba – saxel-mwifo

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aucilebeli pirobaa aRricxvianobis sistema, romelic saSualebas iZleva, zustad ganisazRvros warmoSobili narCenebis raodenoba. amasTan erTad

tarifis gansasazRvrad saWiroa, vicodeT narCenebis Segrovebisa da damuSavebis teqnologiebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas narCenebis marTvis gegmaSi. Semdeg am ori parametris gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba, ganisazRvros, Tu ra saxsrebia saWiro narCenebis Segrovebisa da damuSavebisaTvis da ra Tanxis miRebaa SesaZlebeli tarifis meSveobiT.

sxvadasxva momsaxurebaze SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxis tarifi dawesdes.

aris Segrovebis tarifi (yovelTviuri fiqsirebuli Tu moculobiTi), daxarisxebis tarifi (anu sworad daxarisxebuli narCenebis Segroveba mosaxleobisagan da komerciuli obieqtebidan. aseTi tarifi dabalia vidre dauxarisxebel narCenebze, romlis drosac mwarmoebels Tavisi pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi daekisreba bevrad meti gadasaxdeli an sakmaod didi jarima), ganTavsebis tarifi (romelic ZiriTadad Seva Segrovebis tarifSi, Tumca calkeuli pirebis mier nagavsayrelze mitanili narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis calke nagavsayrelis gamoyenebis tarifi iarsebebs).

centraluri mTavroba adgens tarifis zeda zRvars, xolo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba (sakrebulo) konkretuli regionis Taviseburebebisa da mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianobis gaTvaliswinebiT wyvets saboloo tarifis odenobas, romelic aucilebeli pirobaa yvela kerZo kompaniisa Tu municipalitetisaTvis.

3.6.6. mosakreblebisa da jarimebis formirebis koncefcia

centralurma mTavrobam erTiani strategiis farglebSi SeiZleba dauSvas specialuri moTxovnebi, romlebic aucilebeli piroba iqneba yvela adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis. am moTxovnebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi yoveli adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba Tu municipaliteti dajarimdeba Sesabamisi dadgenili jarimiT (romlis odenobas gansazRvravs kanonmdebloba). aseTi midgoma uzrunvelyofs axali, gamarTuli, integrirebuli da mdgradi narCenebis marTvis sistemebis Camoyalibebasa da saxelmwifos upirvelesi miznis, narCenebis wyaroSi Semcirebis aucilebel Sesrulebas.

magaliTad, q. Tbilisis meriam narCenebis Segrovebisa da ganTavsebis tarifi miaba eleqtroenergiis gadasaxads imis gamo, rom ar arsebobda narCenebis zusti aRricxvianoba.

ixileT q. Tbilisis meriis dadgenilebebi narCenebis tarifTan dakavSirebiT

magaliTad:

mTavroba Tavis saxelmwifo strategiaSi miznad isaxavs da acxadebs,

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saxelmwifom sxvadasxva ekonomikuri, socialuri, finansuri Tu sxva

instrumentebis saSualebiT yovelmxriv unda Seuwyos xeli adgilobriv mTavrobebsa da kerZo seqtors am miznebis miRwevis saqmeSi, iqneba es privilegiebis miniWeba, iafi krediti, subsidiebi Tu sxva.

3.7. dabrunebadi grZelvadiani sesxebi samSeneblo da developeruli proeqtebisaTvis

samSeneblo narCenebis marTvis erT-erTi efeqturi instrumenti SeiZleba iyos grZelvadiani dabrunebadi sesxebi. es imas niSnavs, rom samuSaoebis dawyebamde samSeneblo kontraqtors moeTxoveba adgilobriv biujetSi gadaixados gansazRvruli Tanxa, mcire administraciul mosakrebelTan erTad (administraciuli danaxarjebis dasafarad). es Tanxa daideba adgilobriv biujetSi sesxis saxiT imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom proeqtis bolos narCenebis marTvis sakiTxebi, misi Semcirebisa da reciklirebis moTxovnebi namdvilad Sesruldeba (aRsaniSnavia, rom aseT Ffinansur proceduras saqarTvelos fiskaluri politika ar iTvaliswinebs, Tumca es sazogadod miRebuli

rom erT sul mosaxleze warmoSobili sayofacxovrebo narCenebis raodenoba unda iyos:

250 kg-ze nalkebi 2011 wlis bolosTvis

200 kg-ze naklebi 2012 wlis bolosaTvis

150 kg-ze naklebi 2015 wlis bolosaTvis

100 kg-ze naklebi 2020 wlis bolosaTvis

an magaliTad:

nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebeli narCenebis raodenoba Semcirdes:

30%-iT 2011 wlis bolosaTvis

40%-iT 2012 wlis bolosaTvis

50%-iT 2015 wlis bolosaTvis

70%-iT 2020 wlis bolosaTvis

amasTan erTad SeiZleba daisaxos aseve narCenebis gadamuSavebis (reciklirebisa da meoradi gamoyenebis) xarisxis maCveneblebic. magaliTad:

komerciuli narCenebis gadamuSavebis xarisxma unda miaRwios

55%-s 2011 wlis bolomde

60%-s 2012 wlis bolomde

70%-s 2015 wlis bolomde

80%-s 2020 wlis bolomde

am dasaxuli miznebis SeusruleblobisaTvis yoveli adgilobrivi organo dajarimdeba X odenobis TanxiT (erT kilogramze, tonaze, procentze Tu sxva).

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praqtikaa msoflioSi). sesxis sidide proeqtis moculobis sidideze iqneba damokidebuli da daubrundeba kontraqtors samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg im SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvela piroba Sesrulebulad CaiTvleba. valdebulebebis nawilobrivi Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi sesxis odenobas daakldeba Sesabamisi procenti da dabrundeba mxolod narCeni Tanxa. administraciuli mosakrebeli dabrunebas ar eqvemdebareba. amis Sedegad yoveli e.w. “developeri” Seecdeba,

rac SeiZleba Seamciros narCenebis raodenoba wyaroSi da მაქსიმალურად meti narCeni masala gadaamuSaos. es Tavis mxriv xels Seuwyobs am procesebSi mesame piri kompaniebis CarTvas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnasa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saxcovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebas.

amasTan dakavSirebiT rogorc mSeneblobis procesSi, aseve proeqtis espluataciis dros, narCenebis gegmis SemuSaveba, am gegmebis damtkiceba da ganxorcieleba savaldebulo pirobad unda daekisros yvela developerul proeqts, romelic moicavs:

minimum 10 sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobas.

institucionaluri, saganmanaTleblo, sarekreacio da sxva sazogadoebrivi Senoba-nagebobebisa da infrastruqturis mSeneblobas.

nebismier samSeneblo-saremonto, sarestavracio Tu daSla-dangrevis proeqtebs, romlebic savaraudod warmoSoben 100m3-ze met samSeneblo narCens.

samoqalaqo mSeneblobis proeqtebi, romlebic savaraudod warmoSoben 500m3-ze met samSeneblo narCens.

4. kari III. narCenebis marTvis gegmis Camoyalibeba da ganxorcieleba

4.1. narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba

iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva saxis marTvis an samoqmedo gegma, myari

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmac sami ZiriTadi fazisagan Sedgeba:

1. mosamzadebeli 2. dagegmvis 3. ganxorcielebis

detalurad ganvixiloT myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis TiToeul faza.

4.1.1. tipuri narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmis struqtura

sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs raime zusti instruqcia an miTiTeba, Tu rogori unda iyos narCenebis marTvis gegma struqturulad, Tumca mizanSewonilia, igi Sedgebodes dagegmvisa da teqnikuri nawilisagan. amis

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garda arsebobs ramdenime aucilebeli sakiTxi, rasac unda moicavdes yoveli gegma.

narCenebis marTvis gegmarebis procesi principSi uwyvetia, gansazRvrul intervalebSi saWiroebs gadaxedvas da ganaxlebas. procesi SeiZleba daiyos eqvs ZiriTad nawilad: saerTo gadawyvetilebebi, teqnikuri nawili, dagegmvis nawili, konsultaciis procesi, ganxorcielebis faza da gegmis gadaxedva/ganaxleba.

procesis diagrama mocemulia qvemoT:

ZiriTadi

gadawyvetilebe-

bi, miznebi da

amocanebi, winapiroba

teqnikuri

nawili

dagegmva

ganxorciele-

ba

gegmis

gadaxedva da

ganaxleba

konsultaci-

ebi

konsultaci-

ebi

konsultaci-

ebi

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4.2. mosamzadebeli faza

mosamzadebel fazaSi xorcieldeba gegmis ganxorcielebisaTvis

aucilebeli yvela komponentis moZieba, informaciis Segroveba, ganxilva, da analizi. mokled, mosamzadebel fazaSi xdeba gegmis modelireba.

mosamzadebeli faza Tavis mxriv Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi komponentebisagan:

1. strategiis arCeva da miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxva 2. arsebuli situaciis analizi 3. mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebis identificireba da maTi rolis

gansazRvra

4.2.1. strategiis, miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxva

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis Sedgenis dawyebisas, pirvel rigSi saWiroa, moxdes myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis ZiriTadi strategiis, gegmis konkretuli miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxva.

strategiuli amocanis gansazRvra erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria nebismieri marTvis gegmis Camoyalibebis dros, radgan strategia gegmis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala da misi mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtoria.

strategiuli amocana aris gegmis saboloo “produqti”, anu is, risi ganxorcielebac daisaxa miznad misi Sedgenisas. strategiuli amocana SeiZleba iyos mimdinare saqmianobis nawili, sruliad axali proeqti, an Tundac erTjeradi qmedeba.

strategiuli amocana ZiriTadad unda pasuxobdes saxelmwifo

strategiuli marTvis gegmis amocanebs da Seesabamebodes mis moTxovnebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs saxelmwifo strategiuli gegma, maSin amocana SeiZleba pasuxobdes saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da konvenciebis moTxovnebs. magaliTad, evropis kanonmdebloba, kiotos oqmi, roterdamis konvencia da a.S.

magaliTad:

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis tipuri strategiuli amocana SeiZleba iyos: “2012 wlis bolos N municipalitetis myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi ganTavsdes evro standartebis Sesabamis nagavsayrelze” an

“2012 wlis bolos N municipalitetSi dainergos myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis mdgradi integrirebuli marTvis sistema.”

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mizani – es aris Sesrulebis ufro detaluri moTxovna. Cveulebriv is gamomdinareobs strategiuli amocanisagan da raodenobrivia, rac misi cifrobrivi gamosaxulebis saSualebas iZleva. zogierT SemTxvevaSi raodenobrivi miznis dasaxva sakmaod rTulia da am dros saWiroa, daisaxos xarisxobrivi mizani.

saerTod, yovel amocanas Tan unda axldes masTan asocirebuli mizani da

piriqiT.

4.2.2. miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxvis gzebi

miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxvisas pirvel rigSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom isini unda iyos:

specifikuri konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis

gazomvadi

Sesrulebadi

realisturi

droSi gawerili

rekomendebulia, miznebi da amocanebi moicavdeს iseT sferoebs, rogoricaa:

finansebi

momxmareblebi da dainteresebuli mxareebi (stakeholders)

Sida da gare resursebi

ganaTleba da ganaxleba

magaliTad:

“2012 wlis bolos N municipalitetSi nagavsayrelze ganTavsdes mxolod Sereuli narCenebi, rac Seadgens mTliani narCenebis moculobis 65%, xolo danarCeni 25% gadamuSavdes.”

miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxvisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT sistemis Cveneuli xedva da warmovidginoT, Tu ris miRwevas vcdilobT am sistemis ganxorcielebis saSualebiT. am amocanis gasaadvileblad arsebobs ramdenime kiTxva, romelic Cvens Tavs unda davusvaT:

dagvexmareba Tu ara es amocana Tu mizani Cveni xedvisa da misiis ganxorcielebaSi?

gazrdis Tu ara am amocanis miRweva Cveni misiis Rirebulebas?

aris Tu ara es amocana gazomvadi?

SeZlebs Tu ara is adamiani, vinc pasuxismgebelia am amocanis ganxorcielebisaTvis, mis gagebasa da gaTviTcnobierebas?

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amocanebisa da miznebis dasaxvis procesi erTianidan konkretulisaken mimdinareobs., anu umaRlesi mmarTvelobidan ama Tu im gegmis praqtikulad ganmaxorcieleblebamde. amasTan yoveli monawile valdebulia, Tavisi wvlili Seitanos am procesSi.

amocanebisa da miznebis dasaxvisas saWiroa:

arsebuli adgilobrivi an saerTaSoriso praqtikis, gamocdilebisa da standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT, arsebuli amocanis gaumjobeseba an axali amocanis dasaxva.

winaswari, Sualeduri amocanebis dasaxva da Sesabamis organoebsa da pirovnebebTan ganxilva.

dasaxuli amocanebis SeTanxmeba yvela monawilesTan.

miznebis dasaxva amocanebis misaRwevad da progresis Sesafaseblad saWiro RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.

miznebisa da amocanebis sazogadoebasTan ganxilva.

progresis regularuli ganxilva da yvela monawilis informireba.

4.2.3. monacemTa Segrovebisa da arsebuli mdgomareobis analizis mniSvneloba

nebismier municipalitetSi SesaZloa arsebobdes myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis ramdenime sistema, romlebic moicaven sxvadasxva mwarmoeblis mier warmoSobil sxvadasxva saxis narCenebis marTvas. am dros TiToeuli sistema individualurad unda gaanalizdes.

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis sistema SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, raionSi, qalaqsa da municipalitetSi.

adgilobrivi mTavroba SeiZleba axorcielebdes samive sistemis marTvas.

aseT sistemas“erTiani marTvis sistema” ewodeba, xolo Tu sxvadasxva saxis narCenebis marTvaze sxvadasxva organoa pasuxismgebeli, maSin aseT sistemas “calkeuli marTvis sistema” ewodeba.

gegmis SedgenisaTvis aucilebelia, Segrovdes informacia TiToeuli marTvis sistemisaTvis cal-calke im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac es sistemebi erTmaneTs gadafaraven sakanonmdeblo, finansuri meqanizmebis, teqnologiebis, infrastruqturisa da dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis sferoSi. es

magaliTad:

zogierT municipalitetSi myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvas axorcielebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba, xolo danarCen or sistemaze – sawarmoo da saxifaTo narCenebze - pasuxismgeblobas iRebs centraluri mTavroba.

zogan myar sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo narCenebs marTაvs kerZo

seqtori, xolo saxifaTo narCenebs – adgilobrivi an centraluri mTavroba da a.S.

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informacia aucilebelia narCenebis marTvis arsebuli sistemis SefasebisaTvis.

SemdgomSi es saWiroa:

kanonmdeblobisa da ekonomikuri instrumentebis gaZlierebisa da zemoqmedebis analizisaTvis,

organizaciuli wyobis,

resursebisa da arsebuli organoebis iurisdiqciis SefasebisaTvis,

narCenebis Segrovebis, gadamuSavebisa da ganTavsebis sqemebisa da teqnologiebis efeqturobis analizis,

sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxareebis rolis gansazRvrasa da dadgenaSi myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis jaWvis sxvadasxva doneze.

mopovebuli monacemebis analizisaTvis mniSvnelovani kiTxvebi :

rogoria saxelmwifos globaluri strategia narCenebis marTvis sferoSi?

rogoria adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis regionaluri strategia?

romel konkretul strategias irCevs konkretuli municipaliteti?

rogor ganxorcieldeba narCenebis Segroveba?

narCenebis ra raodenobaa mosalodneli?

sad ganxorcieldeba ZiriTadi saqmianoba (daxarisxeba, miReba, dagroveba Semdgomi damuSavebisaTvis)?

romeli mimarTuleba iqneba gamoyenebuli gadamuSavebisaTvis?

arsebobs Tu ara adgilobrivi gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi da sad aris uaxloesi sxva municipalitetebsa Tu raionebSi?

romeli teqnologia iqneba gamoyenebuli (narCenebis damuSavebis sawarmos rac SeiZleba detaluri aRwera)?

ra periodzea (moklevadiani, saSualo Tu grZelvadiani) gaTvlili narCenebis dagroveba da ra teqnologiebi SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli?

ra nebarTvebia saWiro da sad/rogor unda iqnas mopovebuli nebarTvebi?

aris Tu ara Sesabamisi proeqti?

ra saerTaSoriso Tu saxelmwifo standartebia gasaTvaliswinebeli?

rogoria adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianoba?

rogoria adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mzadyofna narCenebis ganTavsebaze gadasaxadebis SemoRebis Taobaze?

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monacemTa Segroveba da analizi diagramis saxiT ase SeiZleba gamovsaxoT:

4.2.4. sabaziso monacemTa Segroveba

myar sayofacxovrebo narCenebis sferoSi arsebul mdgomareobaze sando

informaciis mopoveba pirveli nabijia myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis Sedgenis procesSi. sabaziso informaciis Segrovebis mizania, moamzados realuri da raodenobrivi safuZveli gegmis SedgenisaTvis.

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis SedgenisaTvis saWiro ZiriTad monacemTa CamonaTvali :

politikuri da sakanonmdeblo garemo

organizaciuli struqtura

demografiuli mdgomareoba

narCenebis raodenoba da daxasiaTeba

arsebuli narCenebis marTvis sistemebis da praqtikis aRwera

narCenebi marTvsis sistemis gansazRvra

monacemTa Segroveba calkeuli sistemisaTvis cal-calke

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTva

politikuri kanonebi aqtebi

ekonomikuri instrumentebi savaldebulo

sakiTxebi

institucionaluri

institucionaluri garemo iurisdiqcia resursebi

finansuri meqanizmebi gadasaxdele-

bi, mosakreblebi, gadasaxadebi subsidiebi daxmarebebi

teqnologia transporti-

reba damuSaveba ganTavseba

reciklireba aRdgena

dainteresebul mxareTa

CarTuloba

narCenebis mwarmoeblebi

servisis momwodeblebi

mTavroba

Semcireba wyaroSi

pirveladi ganTavseba narCenebis

mwarmoeble-bis mier

Segroveba da

transport-tireba

damuSaveba da

ganTavseba

meoradi gamoyeneba,

reciklireba da aRdgena

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finansuri monacemebi da arsebuli ekonomikuri instrumentebi

teqnikuri moTxovnebi da alternativebi

mTavari dainteresebuli da damokidebuli pirebis daxasiaTeba da analizi

4.2.5. demografiuli mdgomareoba

saWiroa, Segrovdes informacia miznobrivi arealis (qveyana, regioni, qalaqi, municipaliteti, da a.S.) Sesabamisi demografiuli mdgomareobisa da mosaxleobis zrdis xarisxis Sesaxeb. es monacemebi aucilebelia narCenebis

SesaZlo raodenobis, saxeobebis, aseve momsaxurebisa da saWiro infrastruqturis gansasazRvrad da finansuri gaTvlebisaTvis.

aucilebelia yvela adre aRuricxavi axalSeqmnili, Tundac araformaluri (araoficialuri) dasaxlebis gaTvaliswineba. mosaxleobis zrdis xarisxi gegmis periodisaTvis SeiZleba moZiebuli iqnas statistikur angariSebSi. demografiuli mdgomareobis momavlis zusti prognozi sakmaod ararealuria. gavrcelebis cvlilebebze SeZleba gavlena iqonios mravalma sxvadasxva faqtorma. es SeiZleba iyos ekonomikis siZliere, samuSao adgilebis arseboba, mudmivi sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSenebloba, emigracia da a.S.

narCenebis warmoqmnis mimdinare xarisxis, aseve mosalodneli narCenebis raodenobis dasadgenad saWiroa mosaxleobis social-ekonomikuri gavrcelebis dadgena. social-ekonomikuri gavrcelebis tipuri magaliTebia:

maRali Semosavali, dabali simWidrove

saSualo Semosavali, saSualo simWidrove

dabali Semosavali, maRali simWidrove

araoficialuri dasaxlebebi

aRsaniSnavia, rom sacxovrebeli standartis mniSvnelovani cvlileba sakmaod grZeli procesia. amitom realuria, rom mimdinare social-ekonomikuri garemo mniSvnelovnad ar Seicvleba minimum erTi Taobis ganmavlobaSi.

4.2.6. narCenebis raodenobis dadgena da klasifikacia

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis mosalodneli raodenobebis prognozisaTvis aucilebelia, dadgindes narCenebis warmoSobis, Segrovebis, gadamuSavebis, xelaxali gamoyenebisa da ganTavsebis arsebuli raodenoba.

narCenebis raodenobebis istoriuli monacemebi moipoveba statistikuri angariSebidan (Tu aseTi arsebobs). garda amisa, informaciis mopoveba SesaZlebelia narCenebis mwarmoeblebis, Semgroveblebisa da

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gadamzidavebisagan, aseve, Tu SesaZlebelia, ganTavsebis obieqtebidanac. raodenoba unda izomebodes an tonebSi an kubur metrebSi.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ar arsebobs statistikuri monacemebi da Canawerebi narCenebis raodenobis Sesaxeb, arsebobs rig ganviTarebul qveynebSi aprobirebuli sxvadasxva instrumenti. magaliTad, ganTavsebis adgilis topo agegmva da nimuSebis aReba narCenebis daxasiaTebisaTvis. rig SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ucnobia narCenebis ganTavsebis adgili, saWiroa, gamoviyenoT “babuebis” meTodi, anu moviZioT Zveli TanamSromlebi da gavarkvioT, sad xdeboda adre narCenebis ganTavseba, ra sixSiriT, ra drois ganmavlobaSi da sxva.

narCenebis istoriuli da mimdinare raodenobebis dadgenasTan erTad aucileblia, narCenebis warmoSobis momavali raodenobebis prognozirebac. es SesaZlebelia moZiebuli social-ekonomikuri monacemebis interpolaciis gziT.

4.2.7. narCenebis kategoriebis gansazRvra da daxasiaTeba

myari narCenebi

arasaxifaTo

saxifaTo

saxifaTo

komerciuli

sawarmoo sayofacxovrebo

saerTo gadamuSavebadi samSeneblo

kardoni qaRaldi

SuSa metali

“peti” plastmasi

xe polieTileni

inertuli organuli

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ZiriTadad myari or kategoriad iyofa, arasaxifaTo da saxifaTo narCenebi. am ori kategoriis farglebSi arasaxifaTo narCenebi maTi warmoSobis wyaros mixedviT Tavis mxriv iyofa qvekategoriebad: myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi, myari sawarmoo da myari komerciuli narCenebi. radgan mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo ganixilavs mxolod myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSavebas, amitom narCenebis sxva saxeobebi da kategoriebi ar ganixileba.

myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi Tavis mxriv iyofa saerTo, gadamuSavebad da samSeneblo narCenebis klasebad. gadamuSavebadi narCenebis klasi Tavis mxriv Seicavs Semdegi tipis narCenebs anu e.w. dinebebs: qaRaldis, muyaos, metalis, SuSis, plastmasis, organul da inertul narCenebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom zemoT CamoTvlili narCenebis tipebi, klasebi da qvekategoriebi SeiZleba Sediodes narCenebis sxva qvekategoriebSi da klasebSi.

saTanado swori marTvis SemTxvevaSi, maTi Semadgenlobidan da maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, arasaxifaTo narCenebi ar warmoqmnian did safrTxes janmrTelobisa da garemosaTvis. saxifaTo narCenebs ki mcire koncentraciebis drosac gaaCniaT potenciali, mniSvnelovani ziani miayenon sazogadoebis janmrTelobas da garemos.

narCenebis maxasiaTeblebi SeiZleba icvlebodes weliwadis sezonis an mdebareobis mixedviT, ramac SesaZloa gavlena iqonios individualuri komponentebis raodenobis gansazRvraSi. es informacia mniSvnelovania narCenebis aRdgenisa da xelmeored gamoyenebis potencialis dasadgenad.

4.2.8. narCenebis marTvis geografiuli diagrama

umjobesia, Sedges narCenebis marTvis diagrama, romelzec aisaxeba narCenebis warmoSobis adgilebi, maTi Segrovebisa da transportirebis marSrutebi, dasamuSavebeli da gadasamuSavebeli sawarmo(eb)is mdebareoba, aseve ganTavsebis adgil(eb)is mdebareoba. es informacia saWiroa imisaTvis, rom dadgindes Sualeduri sadgurebis arsebobis aucilebloba, aseve damuSavebis, gadamuSavebisa da ganTavsebis ubnebis optimizacia. es diagrama SeiZleba iyos ubralo naxazi an geoinformaciul sistemaSi (GIS) Sesrulebuli ruka.

4.3. dagegmvis faza

4.3.1. narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba

zogadad, gegmis konteqstis Camoyalibebisas ganixileba iseTi faqtorebi,

rogoricaa: arsebuli regulaciebi, kanonmdebloba da sazogadoebis mzadyofna narCenebis marTvis mdgrad ganviTarebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.

57

adgilobrivi gegmis SemuSavebisas aucilebelia narCenebis saerTaSoriso ierarqiis gaTvaliswineba. strategiis formirebisas am ierarqiis gamoyenebiT gacilebiT martivia imis gansazRvra, Tu ra saxis narCenebTan mouwevs muSaoba Sesabamis samsaxurebs. es ierarqia xels uwyobs narCenebis warmoqmnis Semcirebas, rogorc upirveles amocanas narCenebis marTvaSi da gacilebiT efeqturs xdis narCenebis gadamuSavebis sferos. aseTi ierarqiis arsebobis Semdgom municipalitetebSi ukve SesaZlebeli iqneba, gegmis mixedviT moxdes Sida samoqmedo teritoriebis dayofa narCenebis marTvis ubnebad.

narCenebis warmoSobis wyaroebis tipuri magaliTebia:

mosaxleoba

municipaluri samsaxurebi

industriuli erTeulebi

soflis meurneoba / satyeo meurneoba

dawesebulebebi, savaWro da komerciuli obieqtebi, ofisebi

samSeneblo obieqtebi

eleqtrosadgurebi

karierebi

sakanalizacio wylis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi da sxva

amis Semdeg xdeba narCenebis TiToeuli dinebisaTvis damuSavebis meTodis SerCeva (erovnuli gegmis, politikisa Tu miznebis Sesabamisad, anu romeli unda gadamuSavdes, romeli daiwvas, romeli meoradad gamoiyenebodes, romeli ganTavsdes nagavsayrelze da romlis nagavsayrelze gansaTavsebac aikrZalos da a.S.).

aqve unda moxdes narCenebis marTvis sistemis detaluri aRwera, magaliTad, teqnologiuri instrumentebis SerCeva (ra saxis, tipis Tu moculobis Senoba-nagebobebi Tu sxva RonisZiebebia saWiro, ra teqnika Tu danadgarebia SesaZeni, ramdeni damatebiTi miwaa saWiro da a.S.).

aseve unda moxdes Segrovebis sqemis damuSavebac (ramdeni da ra saxis Semgrovebeli teqnikaa saWiro, Segrovebis meTodebi, narCenebis konteinerebis tipi, moculoba da raodenoba).

4.3.2. narCenebis marTvis dagegmvisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi

arsebobs ramdenime saxis RonisZieba, romelTa saSualebiTac narCenebis marTvis sistema SesaZloa, ufro mdgradi da integrirebuli gaxdes. esenia:

teqnikuri da saeqspluatacio

garemosdacviTi

finansuri

social-ekonomikuri

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institucionaluri da administraciuli

politikuri da sakanonmdeblo

mokled ganvixiloT TiToeul maTgani.

4.3.2.1. teqnikuri da saeqspluatacio RonisZiebebi

1. narCenebis Semcireba da prevencia

monacemebis Segroveba narCenebis raodenobis, tipebisa da wyaroebis Sesaxeb.

sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba da CarTuloba.

2. narCenebis Segroveba

monacemebi narCenebis warmoSobasa da Semadgenlobaze.

adgilmdebareobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis dadgena da aRwera.

narCenebis transportirebis manZilis gansazRvra.

saTadarigo nawilebis da Sesabamisi avtoservisis arseboba.

Segrovebisa da transportirebis sistemebis integrireba.

Segrovebis sixSiris SerCeva generaciis mixedviT.

registraciisa da monitoringis sistemis daarseba.

3. meoradi resursebi

narCenebis separaciis (segregaciis, daxarisxebis) motivireba sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebisa da ekonomikuri stimulirebis gziT.

narCenebis warmoSobis wyaroebSi gadamuSavebadi narCenebis tipebsa da raodenobebze monacemebis Segroveba.

regionSi arsebuli gadamamuSavebeli (reciklirebis) sawarmoebze informaciis Segroveba.

gadamuSavebis (reciklirebis) saqmianobis waxaliseba sxvadasxva finansuri Tu ekonomikuri gziT (sagadasaxado da/an sabaJo SeRavaTebi, iafi krediti, iafi miwis nakveTi, treningebi da a.S.)

4. ganTavseba

nagavsayrelebze narCenebis tipebsa da raodenobaze monacemebis Segroveba.

nagavsayrelis moculobisa da ekspluataciis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra.

nagavsayrelis eqspluataciis praqtikis Seswavla (ra sixSiriT xdeba ganTavseba, rogor ifareba, aris Tu ara xanZrebi, SeiniSneba Tu ara naJuri wylebi (Leachate) da nagavsayrelis gazis arseboba).

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4.3.2.2. garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi

1. normebi da regulaciebi

garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba,romelic daaregulirebs yvela saxis narCenebis Segrovebas, daxarisxebas, saboloo ganTavsebisa da gadamuSavebis gzebs.

nebismieri saxis axali industriuli, sacxovrebeli Tu sakurorto zonis ganviTarebis winapirobad dakanondes garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtis Sedgena.

2. ekologiurad jansaRi praqtika

quCebSi, xevebsa Tu mdinareTa kalapotebSi darCenili, damwvari, narCenebis raodenobis monitoringi.

Segrovebis servisis teritoriis dafarvis da sixSiris monitoringi.

narCenebis gadazidva mxolod daxuruli a/manqanebiT.

gadamuSavebadi narCenebis raodenobis monitoringi da gadamuSavebidan dazogili energiis gamoTvla.

nagavsayrelebიsa da narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis garemoze zemoqmedebis monitoringi.

nagavsayrelebze “naJuris” da gazis monitoringi da kontroli.

3. sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba

sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis programebis inicireba narCenebis Semcirebis, prevenciis, aRdgenisa da gadamuSavebis sferoSi.

saxelmZRvaneloebis (gaidlainebis) SemuSaveba da gavrceleba

4.3.2.3. finansuri RonisZiebebi

1. biujeti

Sefasdes narCenebis marTvis sistemis realuri Rirebuleba, romelic moicavs “arafris keTebis” fass (anu dabinZurebis Sedegad wylis an niadagis gawmendis, aseve jandacvis gazrdil Rirebulebas da a.S.)

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi gamWvirvalobis, angariSvaldebulebisa da fiskaluri disciplinis gazrda treiningebis, wamaxalisebeli RonisZiebebisa da qcevis wesebis dadgenis gziT.

2. momgebiani ekonomikuri meqanizmebis danergva

momxmareblebisaTvis moqnili gadasaxadebis sistemis SemuSaveba, rac gadamxdelunarianobasa da servisis faqtobრiv Rirebulebaze iqneba damyarebuli (magaliTad, gadasaxadi SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebuli komerciuli sawarmoebisaTvisa da kerZo mosaxleobisaTvis, an

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narCenis tipis, moculobis, daxarisxebisa da servisis saxeobis mixedviT).

dawesdes nagavsayrelze Sesvlis (moxmarebis) gadasaxadi.

dawesdes jarimebi garemos dabinZurebisaTvisa da narCenebis araswori marTvisaTvis. jarimebi SeiZleba dawesdes rogorc kerZo, aseve iuridiul pirebze, adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebsa da calkeul qalaqebzec ki.

gaioldes da daixvewos gadaxdis meqanizmebi.

mieces adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs biujetis gankargvis ufleba, aseve iafi kreditebis miRebisa da gacemis ufleba.

3. fasis Semcireba da kontroli

narCenebis generirebis wyaroSi minimumamde Semcirebis danergva da motivireba diferencirebuli fasis gziT.

kerZo seqtorisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis motivireba, rac efeqturobis gazrdasa da fasis Semcirebas gamoiwvevs.

Sesrulebaze damokidebuli moqnili sagadamxdelo sqemebis danergva adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi.

4.3.2.4. social-ekonomikuri RonisZiebebi

1. adgilobrivi socialuri mimoxilvis momzadeba (mosaxleobis raodenoba, komlis saSualo raodenoba, komlSi xalxis saSualo raodenoba, dasaqmeba, saSualo Semosavali, narCenebis marTvisadmi damokidebuleba, separaciisadmi damokidebuleba, gadaxdis survili da unarianoba da a.S.).

2. sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebisa da saWiroebebis Sefaseba.

3. sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa.

Temis wevrebis CarTva narCenebis marTvis monitoringisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi, komitetebSi da a.S.).

mWidro komunikaciis damyareba adgilobriv mTavrobasa da sazogadoebas Soris (Sexvedrebi, sainformacio dafebi, plakatebi, broSurebi, adgilobrivi radio, televizia da a.S.).

4. socialuri mdgomareoba

narCenebis Semgrovebeli muSakebis statusisa da samuSao pirobebis amaRleba (sxvadasxva SeRavaTebiT, uniformebiTa da spec tansacmliT aRWurviT, saidentifikacio baraTebiT (bejebi), axali instrumentebis miwodebiT, cnobierebis amaRlebiTa da treiningebiT jandacvisa da narCenebis marTvis sakiTxebSi, samuSao adgilas higienuri pirobebis gaumjobesebiT da a.S.).

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4.3.2.5. institucionaluri da administraciuli RonisZiebebi

1. institucionaluri mowyoba

narCenebis marTvis sferoSi naTlad ganisazRvros yvela monawilis roli da pasuxismgebloba.

SemuSavdes yvelasaTvis gasagebi zusti procedurebi narCenebis marTvis sferoSi cal-calke yoveli komponentisaTvis.

Camoyalibdes inspeqtirebisa da monitoringis struqtura, romelic centralur mmarTvelobas ganekuTvneba.

2. organizaciuli mowyoba

SemuSavdes samsaxurSi ayvanisa da waxalisebis procedurebi, rac pirovnebis damsaxurebasa da Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculobaze iqneba damyarebuli.

SemuSavdes waxalisebisa da jarimebis gamWvirvale sistema.

3. personali

Sefasdes adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi narCenebis marTvis sferoSi dakavebuli muSakebis gamocdileba da ganaTlebis done da ganisazRvros saWiro kvalifikaciis amaRlebis sistema.

4.3.2.6. politikuri da sakanonmdeblo RonisZiebebi

1. dagegmareba

narCenebis marTvis sferoSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis pasuxismgebloba centraluri xelisuflebidan gadavides adgilobriv doneze. es aris gadawyvetilebebi finansebis ganawilebaze, biujetis Sedgenasa da moxmarebaze.

SemuSavdes narCenebis marTvis erTiani strategiuli koncefcia, damtkicebuli centraluri xelisuflebis mier.

marTvis gegmebi SemuSavdes grZelvadian periodze, romlebic advilad eqvemdebareba garkveul cvlilebebs.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis biujetis ganxilvis da damtkicebis dros narCenebis marTva CaiTvalos erT-erT prioritetad.

2. sakanonmdeblo garemo

SemuSavdes zustad gawerili, efeqturi kanonebi da normatiuli aqtebi narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT.

garkveviT gaiweros standartebi sxvadasxva masalis gamoyenebasa da gadamuSavebaze (ASTM, EN qarTul realobaze adaptireba).

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Seicvalos kanonmdebloba, Tu is ewinaaRmdegeba integrirebuli narCenebis marTvis principebs.

SemuSavdes zustad gawerili da efeqturi kanonebi kerZo seqtoris monawileobaze narCenebis marTvis sferoSi, rac SeiZleba moicavdes sagadasaxado an sxva SeRavaTebs, iafi kreditis miRebas, dotaciasa Tu kompensaciebs (fondebis Camoyalibeba da a.S).

gaZlierdes sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebi da inspeqtirebisa da monitoringis struqtura,

saSualeba mieces sazogadoebasa da masmedias, monitoringi gauwion narCenebis marTvis sferos (voCdogi) da uzrunvelyon misi gamWvirvaloba.

zemoT aRwerili RonisZiebebi moicavs mxolod garkveul mosazrebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor SeiZleba uzrunvelvyoT narCenebis marTvis gegmis mdgradoba. ra Tqma unda, maTi Sesabamisoba damokidebulia adgilobriv Taviseburebebsa da wesebze, SeiZleba tradiciebzec ki.

imisaTvis rom ganisazRvros, raSi mdgomareobs ZiriTadi problema da ra resursebi arsebobs am problemis gadasawyvetad, saWiroa, Catardes problemis Zireuli analizi. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba ganisazRvros, Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad erT-erTi zemoT CamoTvlili RonisZiebis saSualebiT.

mTavari da mniSvnelovani sakiTxia is, Tu rogor SeiZleba am RonisZiebebis swori kombinaciis SerCeva da CarTva narCenebis marTvis gegmaSi ise, rom miRweuli iqnas misi mdgradobisa da integraciis maqsimaluri Sedegi.

4.3.3. variantebis identificireba da Sefaseba

narCenebis marTvisaTvis gankuTvnili ubnebis SerCevisas, iqneba es mudmivi nagavsayreli, narCenebis gadatvirTvis, narCenebis daxarisxebisa Tu gamanawilebeli ubani, narCenebis marTvis specialistebma unda gaiTvaliswinon bevri kriteriumi da faqtori. aucilebelia, mxedvelobaSi miiRon saWiro nagebobis tipi da masStabi, saukeTeso, xelmisawvdomi teqnologia, aseve winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas narCenebis marTvisaTvis specifikuri tipisa da masStabis nagebobebis mSeneblobisa da funqcionirebisas.

ramdenime ZiriTadi faqtori da kriteriumi, rac gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSavebis dros:

1. wylis resursebi (siaxlove zedapirul da miwisqveSa wyalsacavebTan. nagavsayrelebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelad Seswavlili unda iqnas geologiuri pirobebi da wyalSemcveli horizontebidan daSoreba, rogorc ubnis farglebSi, ise mis SemogarenSi).

2. gruntis arastabiluroba (mdebareoba da Semogareni, romelic eqceva zemoqmedebis arealSi. arastabiluri gruntis SemTxvevaSi narCenebis

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marTvisaTvis gankuTvnili Senoba-nagebobebis mSenebloba ar aris

rekomendეbuli). 3. vizualuri zemoqmedeba (gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas landSaftis

Taviseburebani da moxdes masze zemoqmedebis maqsimaluri Serbileba). 4. bunebis konservacia (gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas nebismieri uaryofiTi

zegavlena adgilobrivi Tu saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis ubnebze, nacionaluri parkebi, daculi teritoriebi, ramsaris ubnebi da gansakuTrebuli mecnieruli daniSnulebis adgilebi).

5. istoriuli da kulturuli memkvidreobis adgilebi (winaswar gaiTvalos nebismieri SesaZlo uaryofiTi zegavlena adgilobrivi Tu saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis kulturuli memkvidreobis ubnebze, rogoricaa mag. monumentebi, Zeglebi, istoriuli saxlebi, istoriuli brZolebis adgilebi da a.S.).

6. a/manqanebis gadaadgileba da misasvleli gzebi (angariSi gaewios gzebis qselis stabilurobas da ganisazRvros, ramdenad sando da usafrTxoa igi).

7. haeris emisiebi da mtveri (gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas sensitiuri receptorebis siaxlove da xarisxi, sadamdec SesaZlebelia emisiebis kontroli sxvadasxva saSualebebiT,qarebis diagramis gaTvaliswinebiT konkretiul mocemul adgilas).

8. suni (ganisazRvros sensitiuri receptorebis siaxlove da xarisxi, sadamdec SesaZlebelia arasasiamovno sunis kontroli sxvadasxva saSualebiT).

9. mRrRnelebi da Citebi (zogierTi narCenebis marTvis nageboba, gansakuTrebiT nagavsayrelebi, romlebic Seicaven lpobad narCenebs, miizidavs mRrRnelebsa da Citebs. aseTma nagebobam zogierTi saxeobis Citebis raodenobasa da gadaadgilebaze SeiZleba saziano zemoqmedeba moaxdinos an piriqiT, Citebis didi raodenobiT mogrovebam da gadaadgilebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos TviTmfrinavebs, Tu nagavsayreli an sxva narCenebis marTvis nageboba aerodromebTan axlos iqneba ganTavsebuli).

10. xmauri da vibracia (gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas sensitiuri receptorebis siaxlove).

11. gafantuli nagavi (zogierTi saxis narCenebis marTvis nagebobebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia narCenebis gafantva qaris gamo. aucilebelia Sesabamisi zomebis miReba)

12. potenciuri miwaTsargeblobis konfliqti (gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas mezobeli miwis nakveTebis miwaTsargeblobis saxeoba da iq mosalodneli proeqtebi).

13. adre arsebuli narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebisa Tu saSualebebis kumulaciur efeqts sazogadoebis keTildReobaze, rac moicavs nebismier uaryofiT zegavlenas garemoze, socialur erTianobasa da

ekonomikur potencialze. 14. adre narCenebis marTvis seqtorSi dakavebuli miwis nakveTebis aRdgena

da gamoyeneba sxva miznebisaTvis.

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4.3.4. moklevadiani samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba

samoqmedo gegma gaTvlili unda iyos moklevadian periodze, maqsimum 3-4 welze da daaxloebiT eqvs TveSi erTxel unda xdebodes misi koreqtireba. yoveli Sesworebuli varianti Sesabamisad gaTvlili unda iyos momdevno eqvs Tveze.

samoqmedo gegma unda moicavdes ama Tu im proeqtis, sistemisa Tu sxva daniSnulebis qmedebis warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis gansazRvruli nabijebisa da moqmedebebis Tanamimdevrul, organizebul wyobas, romlebic axlo momavalSi unda Sesruldes. masSi aseve gaTvlili unda iyos moqmedebebi, romlebic ufro grZel vadaSia Sesasrulebeli. samoqmedo gegmis koreqtireba xdeba Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis da miRweuli Sedegebis Sesabamisad.

es aris procesi, romelic paralelur reJimSi igegmeba da xorcieldeba kidec. imisaTvis rom nebismieri samoqmedo gegma realuri da miRwevadi iyos, aucilebelia, aseve realuri da miRwevadi iyos misi SemuSavebisas dasaxuli miznebi da amocanebi.

qvemoT mocemulia tipuri samoqmedo gegmis magaliTi, sadac gawerilia TiToeuli moqmedeba raRac konkretuli samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis. es SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas, rogorc am tipis dokumentis nimuSi (modeli).

mizani 1: narCenebis meoradi gamoyeneba da gadamuSaveba

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #1.1 mizani nagavsayrelze Semosuli narCenebis raodenobis

maqsimaluri Semcireba.

Sedegi sarezervo depozitebisa da fulis ukan dabrunebis sistemis Camoyalibeba, rac xels Seuwyobs gamoyenebuli boTlebis nagavsayrelze moxvedras.

moqmedeba Mmunicipalitetebi mimarTaven gamagrilebeli da alkoholuri sasmelebis mwarmoeblebs da maRaziebis mepatroneebs, raTa daarwmunon isini naxmar boTlebze depozitirebis da fulis ukan dabrunebis sistemis Seqmnis aucileblobaSi. ramdenadac ar arsebobs sakanonmdeblo baza aRniSnuli iniciativis gansaxorcielebad, aRniSnul moqmedebebs eqneba molaparakebis saxe da dafuZnebuli iqneba maTi mxridan garemos dacvisa da gaumjobesebis saqmeSi wvlilis Setanis principze.

saWiro resursi ori an sami TanamSromeli TveSi, SexvedrebisTvis farTi, sakancelario nivTebi.

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samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #1.1 kontrolirebuli maCvenebeli

maRazia ixdis dabrunebuli boTlebis safasurs, xolo Semdgom maRazias unazRaurebs Tanxas vTqvaT, “koka-kola” deviziT “ufro sufTa quCebi saqarTvelos”.

Sefaseba amJamad depozitirebis da fulis ukan dabrunebis sistema saerTod ar arsebobs, amitom am sistemis Camoyalibebisas aucilebelia im qveynebis gamocdilebis gaziareba, romlebmac es procesebi ukve didi xnis winaT gaiares. aucilebelia ukve aprobirebuli meTodebis gamoyeneba da ararekomendebuli raime axlis gamogoneba, raTa sistemis muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT riskebi minimumamde Semcirdes.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2014 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba minimaluri

dafinanseba N municipalitetis biujetidan

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #1.2

mizani nagavsayrelebze Semosuli narCenebis raodenobis maqsimaluri Semcireba

Sedegi narCeni qaRaldis da muyaos Segrovebis sistemis Seqmna, raTa Semcirdes maTi moxvedra nagavsayrelebze.

moqmedeba municipaliteti moZebnis adgilobriv qaRaldis gadamamuSavebel an mwarmoebel kompaniebs, romlebic SeiZenen gadasamuSavebel qaRalds da gamoiyeneben sxvadasxva produqciis sawarmoeblad. am mimarTulebiT SeiZleba eqsportze muSaobac, radgan narCen qaRaldze didi moTxovnaa mTel msoflioSi.

saWiro resursi ori TanamSromeli wliurad ganxorcielebis etapze, SexvedrebisTvis farTi, sakancelario nivTebi da transportireba.

kontrolirebuli

maCვenebeli

savele gasvlebi daadasturebs, rom damoukidebeli

qaRaldis da muyaoს narCenebis Segroveba Seamcirebs nagavsayrelze maT raodenobas.

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Sefaseba sakamod didi raodenobis gadamuSavebadi qaRaldi da muyao

warmoiqმneba biznes wyaroebidan, saidanac maTi mopoveba martivi da iafia. amavdroulad saqarTveloSi arsebuli qaRaldis mwarmoeblebi damokidebulebi arian importze, rac imas niSnavs rom isini Tanaxmani iqnebian, gamoiyenon

adgilobrivi, maTTvis iafi resursi, რაც narCenebis

SemgroveblebisTvis damatebiT Semosavals warmoadgens.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti qaRaldis mwarmoeblebTan erTad.

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2014 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba minimaluri

dafinanseba N municipalitetis biujetidan, garemos dacvis saministrodan

mizani 2: narCenebis Segroveba da transportireba

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #2.1

mizani Seiqmnas narCenebis Segrovebisa da transportirebis sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs maT gatanas dasaxlebuli adgilebidan.

Sedegi narCenebis Segrovebis sistemis gamarTulad muSaobis Sedegad Semcirdeba dabinZureba.

moqmedeba Mmunicipalitetebi daiyofa pirobiT teritoriebad da Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, TiToeul teritorias moemsaxureba kontraqtori firma, romelic uzrunvelyofs narCenebis gatanas. es firmebi iqneba kerZo an saxelmwofos mflobelobaSi da maTi momsaxureobis Tanxas gadaixdis mosaxleoba da biznesebi, rac mTlianad dafaravs maT mier gaweul danaxarjebs.

saWiro resursi 10 TanamSromeli yovel Tve

kontrolirebuli maCvenebeli

ukve arsebobs praqtikaSi kerZo firmebTan gaformebul xelSekrulebaze am sqemiT muSaobis gamocdileba.A

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Sefaseba NnarCenebis mowesrigebuli Segrovebisa da transportirebis sistema qmnis sufTa da usafrTxo garemos dasaxlebul teritoriebze da mniSvnelovnad amcirebs daavadebebis

warmoqmnisა da gavrcelebis albaTobas, aseve xels uwyobs sanagveebis sistemebis ganviTarebas, sadac SesaZlebelia narCenebis damuSaveba an ganaxlebadi energiis warmosaqmnelad gamoyeneba.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2014 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba minimaluri

dafinanseba N municipalitetis biujetidan, kerZo investiciebi.

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #2.2

mizani Seiqmnas narCenebis Segrovebisa da transportirebis sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs maT gatanas dasaxlebuli adgilebidan.

Sedegi Ddasaxlebul adgilebSi damontaJdes mcire zomis sanagve urnebi yovel 200 metrSi, romlebic dasufTavdeba kontraqtoris mier winaswar Sedgenili grafikis mixedviT.

moqmedeba Mmunicipaliteti savaldebulos gaxdis yvela biznesisTvis, daamontaJon sakuTari nagvis urnebi TavianT teritoriaze. Mmomzaddeba specialuri sainformacio kampania da yvela bizness SeeZleba, SeiZinos sxvadasxva zomis mcire dasamontaJebeli urnebi, romlebzec survilis SemTxvevaSi sakuTari logos an reklamis ganTavsebis uflebac eqnebaT.

saWiro resursi 3 TanamSromeli, isini SearCeven adgilobriv kompanias, romelic daamzadebs urnebs, maRaziis mepatroneebi, romlebic daamontaJeben urnebs.

kontrolirebuli

maCვenebeli Yyvela SerCeuli adgili, yvela urnis daclis procesi unda gakontroldes.

Sefaseba es mimarTuleba xels uwyobs quCebisa da gzebis sisufTaves da amavdroulad dasufTavebis samsaxurebs Seumsubuqebs saqmes.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti maRaziis mepatroneebTan erTad da a.S.

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2014 wlis bolo

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Rirebuleba minimaluri

dafinanseba urnebis damzadebisა da damontaJebis xarji biznesebze modis.

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #2.3

mizani Seiqmnas narCenebis Segrovebis da transportirebis sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs maT gatanas dasaxlebuli adgilebidan.

Sedegi dasufTavebis samsaxurebis (firmebis) muSaobis monitoringi da kontroli. Aadgilobrivad Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis aRsruleba.

moqmedeba Mmunicipaliteti, rogorc kontრaqtis gamformebeli organo, kanonis farglebSi ganaxorcielebs yvela saxis kontrols da monitorings kontraqtorebis mimarT, raTa tenderis pirobebi srulad da keTilsindisierad Sesruldes.

saWiro resursi 4 TanamSromeli yovelwliurad, transporti, sakancelrio nivTebi.

kontrolirebuli maCvenebeli

TanamSromlebma unda moaxdinon gasvliTi Semowmebebi, rac situaciis Sefasebis saukeTeso saSualebaa.

Sefaseba praqtika aCvenebs, rom rodesac arsebobs zedamxedvelobis srulyofili sistema, maSin procesebi xarvezebis gareSe mimdinareobs.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti.

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2014 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba minimaluri

dafinanseba municipalitetis biujetidan.

mizani 3: narCenebis ganTavseba

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #3.1

mizani municipalitetis myari narCenebi unda ganTavsdes garemosa da adamianis jamrTelobisTvis usafrTxo pirobebSi.

Sedegi garemosTvis arasaziano nagavsayrelis daarseba da marTva.

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moqmedeba municipalitetma unda daaarsos Tanamedrove nagavsayreli Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT, romelic miiRebs municipalitetebSi warmoqmnil narCenebs, garda saxifaTo narCenebisa. unda moxdes tenderis gamocxadeba, detaluri dizainis Seqmna da Sesabamisi adgilis SerCeva nagavsayrelis mSenelobisaTvis.

saWiro resursi samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad kontraqtori. ramdenime TanamSromeli mSeneblobis procesis sameTvalyureod da Semdgom nagavsayrelis operirebisTvis.

kontrolirebuli maCvenebeli

dasrulebuli da mwyobrSi myofi nagavsayreli.

Sefaseba es RonisZiebebi narCenebis gatanasa da mogrovebasTan erTad aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani mTel samoqmedo gegmaSi.

am etapebis ganxorcielebა sasicocxlo gardatexas Seitans

problemis mogvarebis saqmeSi.

aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2015 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba Zalian maRali, Zვiri.

dafinanseba saerTaSoriso donorebi

samoqmedo gegma. Sesasrulebeli samuSao #3.2

mizani municipalitetis myari narCenebi unda ganTavsdes garemosa da adamianis jamrTelobisTvis usafrTxo pirobebSi.

Sedegi saxifaTo narCenebis mowesrigebuli marTva.

moqmedeba nagavsayrelebze unda moxdes saxifaTo narCenebis gancalkeveba da maTi Sesabamisi ganadgureba yvela im proceduris mixedviT, romel kategoriasac ganekuTvneba saxifaTo narCeni.

saWiro resursi garemos dacvis kanonebis kargi mcodne iuristi.

kontrolirebuli maCvenebeli

saxifaTo narCenebi adgilobriv mkacrad unda gakontroldes.

Sefaseba amJamad nagavsayrelebze ganTavsebuli saxifaTo narCenebi seriozul problemas uqmnis adamianebs, amitom 3.2 gegmis ganxorcielebam unda moagvaros es sakiTxi.

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aRmasrulebeli organo

magaliTad, N municipaliteti

ganxorcielebis TariRi

2015 wlis bolo

Rirebuleba saSualo.

dafinanseba nagavsayrelidan miRebuli Semosavlidan.

rogorc nimuSebidan Cans, samoqmedo gegmas aqvs mizani, Sedegi,

moqmedebaTa wyoba, saWiro resursebi moqmedebebis gansaxorcielebლსad, Sedegebi, romelTa kontrolic realurad SesaZlebelia, Sefasebebi, ganxorcielebis vadebi, fasi da samoqmedo gegmaze pasuxismgebeli organo.

yvela es punqti erTiandeba saerTo ideis irgvliv da maTi srulyofilad ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi miznis miRweva ufro realuri da advilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom gegmaSi mocemuli punqtebi myari narCenebis marTvasTanaa dakavSirebuli, isini mainc standartulia da SesaZlebelia maTi modificireba sxva konkretuli SemTxvevebisaTvis morgeba.

samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebisas kidev erTi instrumentia, e.w. logikuri modeli. logikuri modelis aseve konkretuli magaliTi moyvanilia qvemoT.

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4.3.4.1. logikuri modeli gTxovT, kidev erTxel CamoayaliboT proeqtis mizani. warmoadgineT proeqtis logikuri modeli, romelic aCvenebs logikur kavSirs proeqtis amocanebs, aqtivobebs, Sedegebsa da zegavlenas Soris. gaiTvaliswineT, rom yovel amocanas SesaZlebelia hqondes rogorc uSualo (moklevadiani), aseve Sualeduri (saSualovadiani) zegavlena. saWiroebisamebr cxrilSi SegiZliaT daamatoT an waSaloT ujrebi. proeqtis mizani:

amocanebi ZiriTadi aqtivobebi Sedegebi zegavlena

uSualo zegavlena

Sualeduri zegavlena

N municipalitetebSi turizmis ganyofilebebTan ekocentrebis Camoyalibeba.

N municipalitetebSi ekocentris TanamSromlebis SerCeva, farTis momzadeba, aRWurvilobis SeZena da centris gaxsna.

N municipalitetebSi dafuZndeba centrebi, romlebic orientirebuli iqneba adgilobrivi Temebis cnobierebis amaRlebaze garemosdacviT sferoSi. Temis warmomadgenlebs SesaZlebloba miecemaT, miiRon nebismieri informacia am sferoSi, aseve ganaxorcielon sxvadasxva eko proeqtebi sxvadasxva donori organizaciebidan fondebis mozidvis saSualebiT.

Apirvelad moxdeba am tipis centris amoqmedeba, dasaqmdeba minimum 4 adamiani.

gaixsneba axali centrebi, sadac ufro meti adamiani dasaqmdeba.

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amocanebi ZiriTadi aqtivobebi Sedegebi zegavlena

uSualo zegavlena

Sualeduri zegavlena

ekocentrebis meSveobiT sainformacio kampaniis warmoeba, seminarebis organizeba.

aqtiuri sainformacio kampaniis warmoeba adgilobriv TemebSi Tematuri broSurebisa da plakatebis gavrcelebis, TemebTan Sexvedrebis, saubrebisa da internetis saSualebiT. seminarebis mowyoba Temis dainteresebul pirebTan meoradi nedleulis mdgradi gamoyenebis efeqturobisa da SesaZlo Semosavlis wyaroebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

adgilobrivi Temi miiRebs informacias meoradi nedleulis, kerZod ki naxerxis Sesaxeb, romelic mravladaa raionSi, mdgradi gamoyenebis efeqturobisa da SesaZlo Semosavlis wyaroebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. amis garda miiRebs alternatiul sawvavs, romelic ufro efeqturia, vidre ubralo SeSa, rac Tavis mxriv Seamcirebs tyis Wras. didi raodenobiT “peletis” dagrovebis SemTxvevaSi ki Tems saSualeba miecema, misi realizaciiT damatebiTi Semosavali iqonios.

Temis mosaxleoba aimaRlebs ganaTlebis dones da miiRebs axal informacias. iswavlian naxerxidan ekonomiuri sargeblis miRebis gzebs.

AsakuTar codnas da gamocsdilebas gadascemen mezobel Temebs rac gazrdis garemos dacvis dones da ufro meti adamiani CaerTveba sakuTari sargeblis miRebis mizniT alternatiuli energiis wyaros gamoyenebaSi..

xis peletis mwarmoebeli danadgarebis SeZena ekocentrebisaTvis da damontaJeba.

naxerxis gadamamuSavebeli “peletis” mwarmoebeli danadgarebis SeZena, transportireba da damontaJeba ekocentrebis

sakmaod maRali fasis gamo Tems Tavisi saxsrebiT ar SeuZlia danadgaris SeZena, amitom proeqti uzrunvelyofs Tems

praqtikulad pirvelad moxdeba SerCeuli Temis uzrunvelyofa “peletis” mwarmoebeli danadgarebiT.

am tipis danadgarebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia nebismier Tems, Tu erT Tems ecodineba

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amocanebi ZiriTadi aqtivobebi Sedegebi zegavlena

uSualo zegavlena

Sualeduri zegavlena

teritoriaze. aseTi danadgariT. SemdgomSi dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, Temi ukve TviTon izrunebs saxsrebis moZiebaze danadgarebis SesaZenad. es praqtika mezobel TemebSic gavrceldeba da interesi ufro gaizrdeba.

danadgris gamoyeneba, sxva Temebs gauziareben sakuTr gamocdilebas.

ekocentrebis TanamSromlebisa da adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebis treiningi.

treiningebis Catareba ekocentrebis TanamSromlebisa da adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebisaTvis “peletis” mwarmoebeli danadgarebis operirebaSi. meoradi nedleulis realizaciis da logistikis sqemis dagegmva, meoradi gadamuSavebis sawarmoebis moZieba da xelSekrulebebis gaformeba.

Temis warmomadgenlebi daeuflebian danadgaris swor da efeqtur operirebis praqtikas, rasac momavalSi gadascemen mezobeli dainteresebuli Temebis mosaxleobas. proeqti aseve uzrunvelyofs swori biznes modelis Camoyalibebas “peletis” realizaciisaTvis.

pirveladMmoxdeba naxerxis gamoyeneba nedleulis sawarmoeblad.

rogorc ki daiwyeba “peletebis” warmoeba, myisierad moxdeba garemosadmi zianis miyenebis Semcireba, rac unikaluri xis fondis SenarCunebas niSnavs.

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4.4. ganxorcieleba

4.4.1. samuSao jgufis Camoyalibeba

mas Semdeg, rac moxdeba narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba da Sesabamis organoSi damtkiceba, iwyeba marTvis gegmis ganxorcielebis faza.

pirvel rigSi unda Camoyalibdes samuSao jgufi, romelic uSualod iqneba pasuxismgebeli gegmis ganxorcielebaze. samuSao jgufis Semadgenloba SeiZleba ganisazRvros adgilobrivi pirobebis da narCenebis marTvis gegmis sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT. samuSao jgufSi SeiZleba Sediodnen adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis TanamSromlebi, biznesis warmomadgenlebi, qvekontraqtorebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi da mowveuli specialistebi.

samuSao jgufis wevrebs Soris naTlad unda iqnas gadanawilebuli ufleba-movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. jgufis wevrebi angariSvaldebulni arian mxolod jgufis xelmZRvanelTan da sazogadoebasTan.

jgufis xelmZRvanels niSnavs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos xelmZRvaneli, sakrebulos Tavmjdomare.

samuSao jgufi atarebs tenderebs sxvadasxva servisis momwodebel kompaniebTan, xelmZRvanelobs mSeneblobebis mimdinareobas (Tu aseTi saWiroa), mudmivad awarmoebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis RonisZiebebs Sexvedrebisa da aqciebis saSualebiT, awarmoebs narCenebis aRricxvianobis kontrols da uzrunvelyofs narCenebis marTvis gegmaSi asaxuli yvela sakiTxis Sesrulebas.

konkretul pirobebSi jgufis Ffunqcia SesaZlebelia Seasrulos

sakrebuloebis komisiebma.

4.4.2. angariSgeba

yovel daTqmul intervalSi (yovelTviurad, yovelkvartalurad, yovelwliurad, romelic gansazRvruli aris gegmiT) samuSao jgufi angariSiT wardgeba sakrebulos sxdomaze, sadac dawvrilebiT ganixileba narCenebis marTvis gegmis mimdinareoba, Seqmnili problemebi da miRebuli iqneba saWiro gadawyvetilebebi arsebul sistemebTan itegraciis Tu sxva sakiTxebze.

garda amisa, gegmis mimdinareobis procesSi unda moxdes regularuli Sexvedrebi sazogadoebasTan, sadac ganxileba xalxis moTxovnebi narCenebis marTvis sferoSi da gaziarebuli iqneba maTi azri. aqve iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli is problemuri sakiTxebi, romlebic adgilobriv mosaxleobas gaaCnia amasTan dakavSirebiT.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli moxsendeba sakebulos sxdomas.

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4.4.3. gegmebis ganxilva da ganaxleba

yovelwliurad (an kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad (Tu aseTi arsebobs) ufro

didი drois intervalSi) unda moxdes narCenebis marTvis gegmis gadaxedva da misi ganaxleba.

gegmebis ganaxleba aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom narCenebis marTvis sistema yovelTvis pasuxobdes Tanamedrove moTxovnebs. SesaZloa, drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi msoflioSi moxda axali teqnologiis danergva, romelic ufro efeqturi da iafia.

gegmis gadaxedva da ganaxleba aucilebelia im SemTxvevaSic, Tu magaliTad moxda didi raodenobis mosaxleobis migracia raionidan an raionSi, amuSavda axali, didi sawarmo, an xorcieldeba didi developeruli proeqti mravali mSeneblobiTa da ganaxlebiT, ramac SeiZleba Secvalos municipalitetis demografiuli monacemebi. yovel zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi saWiroa gegmis gadaxedva da axal monacemebze dayrdnobiT Sesabamisi gadamuSaveba.

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developing countries: a perspective from Bangalore, India. Working Paper no. 24. CREED.

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Pipatti, T. Zhang, Waste Management, In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of

Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

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Useful Internet Links

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/legislation/index.htm

http://www.cleanup.ge

http://www.sida.se

http://www.cepis.ops-oms.org/indexeng.html

http://www.melissa.org/cwg/

http://www.epa.gov/osw/

http://www.iswa.dk/welcome.htm

http://www.solidwaste.com/

http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/wmi/Edresources.html

http://www.munisource.org/

http://www.sustainable.org/

http://www.iisd.org/about/default.htm

http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/hazardous_index.htm http://www.wastegovernance.org/main3_2_eng.html