professor isam shahrour summer course « smart and sustainable city » chapter 5 “smart...
DESCRIPTION
This lecture presents the Smart Electrical Grid Concept. It includes a presentation of the electrical distribution system, the Electrical Smart Grid and the implementation of this concept in the SunRise demonstrator “Smart and Sustainable City - Lille1 Campus – France”TRANSCRIPT
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Sustainable and Smart City : AUST Summer Course
Chapter 5 : Smart Electrical Grid
Professor Isam SHAHROUR Isam.shahrour@univ-‐lille1.fr
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Ø Electrical distribu.on system Ø Electrical Smart Grid Ø Smart Grid Pilot
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Sources of electricity in the world
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(1)
(2)
(3) (5)
(4)
Electrical grid system
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Lignes HTB (Haute Tension) (400 kV) Lignes HTA (Moyenne Tension) (63 à 225 kV) Ligne Basse Tension (230 et 400 V)
France (1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4) (6)
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Electrical Grid – France
ERDF
RTE
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Electrical ConsumpRon, France August, 16, 2014
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February, 11, 2014
June 17, 2014
Electrical ConsumpRon, France 2014
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Distributed Electrical grid (Renewable energy, storage)
ConsumpRon
ProducRon
Storage
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Lebanon electrical system Electricity of Lebanon: • Public establishment with an industrial and
commercial voca.on. • Founded in 1966 • Responsible for the genera.on, transmission
and distribu.on of the electricity in Lebanon. • Controls over 90% of the Lebanese electricity
sector
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Lebanon Other actors : • hydroelectric power plants of Litani River
Authority, • Concessions for hydroelectric power plants
such as Nahr Ibrahim and Al Bared • Distribu.on concessions in Zahle, Jbeil, Aley,
and Bhamdoun.
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Lebanon The transmission network consists of • High voltage power lines (66, 150, and 220 kV ) • More than 1 615 km (1336 km of overhead lines and 279km of underground cables) of various voltages used for transmission and distribu.on.
• 58 power substa.ons conver.ng power from high voltage to medium voltage. • Substa.ons conver.ng power from medium to low voltage (more than 15,000 transformers )
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The government has contractually agreed to a three year service of two Turkish power ships that will provide 270 MW
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Poor performance of the electrical system
1. Aging power plants: • The last power plant was installed in the early 2000s. • Around 50% of the installed capacity is 20 to 40 years old (life span between 20 to 30 years ; requires con.nuous maintenance)
• 10% of the genera.on capacity is even over 40 years old
2. Lack of maintenance: Power plants are subject to long periods of opera.on at high loads with li`le maintenance which reduces their life.me and their efficiency.
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3. Sub-‐opRmal fuel mix Beddawi and Zahrani (435 MW) are equipped with combined cycle gas turbines, which are designed to best operate using natural gas. Both use gas-‐oil which substan.ally reduces the plants’ efficiency and rapidly degrades the turbines.
Poor performance of the electrical system
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4. Large Losses in Transmission and DistribuRon About 15% of the energy losses (8-‐10% in Western countries), due to : • Lack of rehabilita.on of power lines • inadequacy in the number of substa.ons
Poor performance of the electrical system
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Technical Losses and Power Shortages in MW (2009), Copyrights: Carboun
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Challenges of the electrical system
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Challenges of the electrical system
The Interna.onal Energy Agency es.ma.on for 2030: -‐ over $6 trillion of investment in transmission and distribu.on and as much for genera.on.
-‐ 5,087 GW of genera.ng capacity with 2,700 GW for developing countries (1,100 GW in China).
1. Growing power demand Combina.on of growing demand for electricity and the need to upgrade exis.ng equipment requires massive investment.
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Department of Energy US
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Challenges of the electrical system
2. IntegraRng of renewable energy The increase development of renewable energy requires development of innova.ve solu.ons (technology, storage, sogware, management skills) for an effec.ve integra.on of different sources into the electrical grid with addi.onal capacity in the response demand strategy.
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Challenges of the electrical system
3. Increase the efficiency of the system • Around 66% of the primary energy is lost
in power conversion (genera.on), • Up to 16% of the electricity is lost in the grid (US Energy AdministraRon esRmated the cost of electrical lost to $20 billion in 2005).
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Challenges of the electrical system
4. Increase the reliability and stability of the grid The stability and reliability of the electrical supply is vital for industry, services and life quality. Supply faults could cause huge disturbance and economic lost.
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Energy Security
Other blackout : • Italy (2003):
$ 55 billions • Indonesia (2005)
$ 100 billions
US Blackout (2003) • 50 Million people • 24 hours for full recovery • Cost: $6 to $10 billion
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Cost of the electrical outage in the United States : between $80 billion and $188 billion /year
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Challenges of the electrical system
5. Increase the compaRbility and standardizaRon Compa.bility is vital for interconnec.ng systems between countries or across con.nents.
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Challenges of the electrical system
6. Update the grid to the new market (price variaRon) In an open electrical markets, the price of electricity could fluctuate widely by the hour or even by the minute. Innova.on is required to help users to beneficiate from these opportuni.es or (and) reduce their impact.
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7. Decrease the peak demand : Huge save in the infrastructure
Deploying ba-ery storage in commercial buildings: opportuni6es and challenges, 5 June 2013 | Issue 3 By Amir Kavousian, Jus6n Ho, Larry Win, and Heming Yip
Challenges of the electrical system
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Movies A1 to A3
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Ø Electrical distribu.on system Ø Electrical Smart Grid Ø Pilot project
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Health, Educa.on Art, Culture
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SubstaRon monitoring
Ba`ery
Central Unit
CommunicaRon system
Smart short Circuit
Motor
Current Sensor
Voltage Sensor
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1. OpRmal management of the demand-‐response
• Enhance the demand es.ma.on with regular update • Enhance the es.ma.on of the energy sources availability (renewable energy and storage capacity included) and with regular update. This es.ma.on could by conducted at small and large scales.
• Applica.on of incen.ve measurement (price varia.on) for the reduc.on of the peak consump.on.
• Adapta.on of the electrical produc.on to the demand.
Smart Grid provides
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2. Security and reliability Reduce and minimize the service fault using protec.on and control devices across the grid. • Rapid localiza.on of the fault. • Rapid and automa.c interven.on to confine the system
fault and limit its extension. • Rapid repara.on and system re-‐start
Smart Grid provides
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3. Enhance the resilience The smart grid enhances the electrical and urban system resilience: -‐ Develop a global understanding of the
electrical system and its interac.on with other systems (networks, end-‐users, environment,..)
-‐ Learn from the system failure (due to natural disaster, technical or human factors)
-‐ Improve the system capacity to face failure risk -‐ Improve the system self healing
Smart Grid provides
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4. Increase the end-‐users involvement conver.ng “customers” into “prosumers”: • The global informa.on system leads to be`er
usage adjustments and cost management. • Consumers can use more efficiently local
produc.on and storage.
Smart Grid provides
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Smart Grid pilot SunRise “demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City
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Electrical Grid
Figure 1: The Electrical Grid of Lille 1 -‐ ScienRfic Campus / High Tension Lines (Red) & Low (Basse) Tension Lines (Blue)
19 Substa.ons
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SubstaRon M1
Transformers High Tension Distribu.on Panel (TGHT)
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Low Voltage DistribuRon Panel (TGBT)
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Figure 7: Vertelis Soeware
Monitoring system
The system provides : • Automa.c reading of energy indexes with automa.c repor.ng
• Load curves • Sta.s.cs (min, max, average, etc.) • Events related to the energy quality • Status of the system
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Electricity price 5 rates depending on the Rme of day and the season
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IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA March 1st, 2013 – June 30th, 2013
Winter Rates HPH, HPE
Summer Rates HPE, HCE
ConsumpRon [kWh]
Total 454,124
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IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA March 1st, 2013 – June 30th, 2013
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
5 000
Friday, March 01, 2013
Friday, March 08, 2013
Friday, March 15, 2013
Friday, March 22, 2013
Friday, March 29, 2013
Friday, April 05, 2013
Friday, April 12, 2013
Friday, April 19, 2013
Friday, April 26, 2013
Friday, May 03, 2013
Friday, May 10, 2013
Friday, May 17, 2013
Friday, May 24, 2013
Friday, May 31, 2013
Friday, June 07, 2013
Friday, June 14, 2013
Friday, June 21, 2013
Friday, June 28, 2013
Consum
pRon
[kWh]
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IUT A – DAILY consump.on DATA Oct. 1st, 2013 – Feb. 28th, 2014
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
5 000
Consum
pRon
[kWh]
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IUT A – monthly Consump.on Comparison
Month ConsumpRon [kWh] March 104,656
April 116,569
May 123,187
June 109,712
October 119,665
November 26,868
December 107,056
January 115,303
February 108,369
Total 931,385
July & August were leg out of this comparison, due to the fact that they are vaca.on months.
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
Consum
pRon
[kWh]
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Consump.on by sector March 1st, 2013 – Oct. 15th, 2013
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
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Ranking By Building March 1st, 2013 – October 15th, 2013
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
M4 Polytech IUT A Ecole Centrale C4 Camus C9
Consum
pRon
[kWh]
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Thank you