progressive era early 20th century page 19 i. era of reforms problems in society caused by...
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Progressive Era
early 20th century
Page 19
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I. Era of reformsProblems in society
caused by industrialization and
rapid population growth in the cities (urbanization)
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A. MUCKRAKERS1. Writers and reporters who
tried to expose and draw attention to problems in society
2. Exposed corruption in government & business, unsafe working
conditions, unhealthy problems in society
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3. Often times the muckrakers writings
caused changes such as
Legislative action = new laws and regulations
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4. Upton Sinclaira. He wrote The JungleA book describing unsanitary
conditions in the meatpacking conditions
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b. Sinclair’s book led to changes
Pure Food and Drug Act
Food and Drug Administration
Inspection of meat packing plants
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5. Jane Adams
She drew attention to tenement houses and
dangers of fire
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6. Jacob Riis
His photographs drew attention to the poor children and unsafe
tenement houses
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B. Populist Progressive Parties1. Minority or Third Party
Major Parties were the Democrats and
Republicans
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2. Populist Party demanded changes
(anti-big business)
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a. An 8 hour
work day
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b. Graduated Income Tax
A fair tax because it was based on a person’s ability to pay (make a
lot pay a lot
16th Amendment passed establishing an income tax
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c. Direct election of Senators
Made America more democratic - less corruption
when people rather than party leaders pick the person.
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c. Direct election of Senators (cont)
17th Amendment passed
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3. Populist Party did not have many people elected
BUT many of their reforms were adopted by
the major parties and were eventually passed
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3. Populist Party (cont) eventually many of their
ideas were adopted by the major parties. First the
Populists then the Progressives faded away.
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4. Other Reforms
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a. Women’s Suffrage Movement
Women gained the right to vote in 1920 with the 19th
Amendment
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b. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Anti-monopoly and pro-union legislation
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c. Civil Service Reform
Another step to try to reduce corruption in
government.
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c. Civil Service Reform (cont)
Rather than people given jobs as political favors, they now
take a test and the top scorers offered the jobs
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d. Improved working and living conditions
Legislation passed for housing and job safety
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e. Referendums and initiatives give voters more
say in government and society
Voters can directly vote on important issues that influence
themthey decide directly!
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e. Populist Party started with farmers, so party still called for coinage of silver (cheaper
money)
f. Also a call for compulsory education - children must
attend school
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g. Teddy Roosevelt President during this
era and very supportive of reforms.
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Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” reforms to help consumers.
Trustbusting, anti-big business and Pure Food
and Drug Act passed under T.R.
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h. Unfortunately there were no significant
civil rights improvements for
blacks.
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The End
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