project on auto cad 2010

8/8/2019 Project on Auto Cad 2010

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DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN &

DRAFTING

(DCADD)

A TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

KAMALAKANTA NAYAK

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

TEXTILE ENGINEERING

REGD NO.:- 0701106336

7TH

SEM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,BBSR

BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY, ORISSA

NOVEMBER 2010


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Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction2. Computer concept,ms dos, ms windows3. Cad commands-draw,modify, tools, view4. Layers, block, dimensioning & filters5. 3d solid, 3d viewing, 3d modelling 6. Shading, rendering, system variables7. Introduction to lisp programming 8. Special features innew release9. Conclusion


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ABSTRACT

CAD or Computer-aided design has brought a revolution in the Textile

Industry. The time consuming and cumbersome process of textile designing has

been made easier by CAD. Now thoughtful and innovative designs are available

to the textile designers and textile manufacturers at the click of a mouse

When the products in pre-manufacturing stage are designed with the help

of computer-based tools, it is termed as CAD or Computer-aided design.

Sometimes the acronyms such as CADD or CAID are also used which stand for

"Computer-aided design and drafting" and Computer-aided Industrial Design

respectively. These terms are mostly used in the sectors related to the

manufacturing of engineeringgoods. As far as textile industry is related, CAD

is generally used for interpreting computerized designing. It includes both,

software and sometimes special-purpose hardware.

The textile designs are the original works of the designers. CAD helps

them to visualize and see their imaginative design in final form without

producing any sample swatch. Sometimes, The customers too provide ideas for

designing according to their particular requirement. These are in the form of

painted artwork or fabric samples and sometimes film negatives. The textile

designers, with the help of CAD, convert them into workable designs. For this

to be done, the sample is scanned with the help of either scanners or digitalcameras and then they are edited to obtain the final design.

The usefulness of CAD has driven the market to produce specific

softwares for different aspects of textile and apparelmanufacturing. If there are softwares for designing footwear, caps and bags,

there are pattern making software too for fashion industry. There are solutions

for sewngoods industry as well as systems for the design of jacquard woven

fabrics. The garment pattern designs are even available in home, expert, and

professional versions. Precision cutting systems, cutting and plotting systems,pattern design, grading and marker making- you name it and there is a software

for every textile related work- this is IT revolution in textile industry.


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INTRODUCTION

Autocad is a cad (computer aided design or computer aided drafting)

software application for 2d and 3ddesign and drafting. It was developed and

sold by autodesk, inc.First released in december 1982, autocad was one of the

first cad programs to run on personal computers, notably the ibm pc. At thattime, most other cad programs ran on mainframe computers or mini-computers

which were connected to a graphics computer terminal for each user.

Early releases of autocad used primitive entities lines, polylines,

circles, arcs, and text to construct more complex objects. Since the mid -

1990s, autocad has supported custom objects through its c++applicationprogramming interface (api). Modern autocad includes a full set of basic solid

modeling and 3d tools. With the release of autocad 2007 came improved 3dmodeling, which meant better navigation when working in 3d. Moreover, it became easier to edit 3d models. The mental rayengine was included in

rendering, it was now possible to do quality renderings. Autocad 2011introduced parametric functionality and mesh modeling.

Autocad supports a number of apis for customization and automation.These include autolisp, visual lisp, vba, .net and objectarx. Objectarx is a c++

class library, which was also the base for products extending autocadfunctionality to specific fields, to create products such as autocad architecture,

autocad electrical, autocad civil 3d, or third -party autocad-based applications.

Autocad and autocadlt are available for english, german, french, italian,spanish, japanese, korean, chinese simplified, chinese traditional, russian , czech, polish, hungarian, brazilianportuguese, danish, dutch, swedish, finnish,norwegian, and vietnamese. The extent of localization varies from fulltranslation of the product to documentation only. The autocad command set islocalized as a part of the software localization.


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OVERVIEW OF INFOCENTER

You can use InfoCenter to search a variety of information sources with one

query. You can also easily access product updates and announcements.

You can use InfoCenter to:

y Search for information through keywords (or by entering a phrase)y Access subscription services through Subscription Center panely Access to product-related updates and announcements through

Communication Center panel

y Access saved topics through Favorites panely Access topics in Help

To display the InfoCenter box in a collapsed state, click the arrow to its left.

TO BROWSE SEARCH RESULTS

1. On the panel for Search Results, Subscription Center, CommunicationCenter, or Favorites, on the right side of the category header, do one of the

following:

y Click the Next button.y Click the Previous button.

TO REARRANGE THE TOPICS DISPLAYED ON A PANEL

1. Display a panel by doing one of the following:y In the InfoCenter box, enter a keyword or phrase. Then press ENTER or

click the Search button.

y In the InfoCenter box, click the Communication Center button.y In the InfoCenter box, click the Favorites button.

2. Click and drag a category orgroup header to the desired posit ion.


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RIBBON TABS AND PANELS

The ribbon is composed of a series of panels, which are organized into tabs

labeled by task. Ribbon panels contain many of the same tools and controlsavailable in toolbars and dialog boxes.

Some ribbon panels display a dialog box related to that panel. An icon in the

lower-right corner of the panel indicates that you can display a re lated dialogbox. Click the icon to display the associated dialog box.

To specify which ribbon tabs and panels are displayed, right -click the ribbonand, on the shortcut menu, click or clear the names of tabs or panels.

FLOATING PANELS

If you pull a panel off of a ribbon tab and into the drawing area or onto another

monitor, that panel floats where you placed it. The floating panel remains open

until you return it to the ribbon, even if you switch ribbon tabs.


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DRAWING STAT S BAR

The drawing stat s bar displays severalt ls for scaling annotations.

Differenttools display for model space and paper space.

Whenthe drawing stat s baris t rned on it displays atthe bottom ofthe

drawing area. Whenthe drawing stat s baris t rned off, the tools found onthe

drawing status bar are moved to the application status bar.

Whenthe drawing status baris turned on, you can use the Drawing Status Bar

menu to select which toolto display onthe status bar.

To turn the drawing status bar on or off

y Click View tab Windows panel Drawing Status BarTo control thedisplay ofbuttons on the drawing status bar

y Clickthe arrow to the right ofthe drawing status bar and select or clear anyoptionname.

Checked items are displayed onthe drawing status bar.

KE TIPS

Use the keyboard to access the Application menu, Quick Access toolbar, and

ribbon.

Press the Alt key to display shortcut keys for commontools inthe application

window.

When you select a keytip, more keytips are displayed forthattool.The Command Window


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CUSTOMIZE TOOL PALETTES

You can add tools to a tool palette with several methods.

You can create new tool palettes using the Properties button on the title bar of

the Tool Palettes window. Add tools to a tool palette with the followingmethods:

y Drag any of the following onto your tool palette: geometric objects such aslines, circles, and polylines; dimensions; hatches; gradient fills; blocks;

xrefs; raster images.

y Drag drawings, blocks, and hatches from DesignCenter to the tool palette.Drawings that are added to a tool palette are inserted as blocks when

dragged into the drawing.

y Use the Customize dialog box to drag commands to a tool palette just asyou might add them to a toolbar.

y Use the Customize UserInterface (CUI) Editor to drag commands to a toolpalette from the Command List pane.

y Use Cut, Copy, and Paste to move or copy tools from one tool palette toanother.

y Manage tool palettes by creatingnew palettes from scratch, renaming,deleting or moving palettes with the shortcut menu.

y Create a tool palette tab with predetermined content by right -clicking afolder, a drawing file, or a block in the DesignCenter tree view, and then

clicking Create Tool Palette on the shortcut menu.


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SET UP THE DRAWING AREA

You can adjust the color and display schemes used in the application and

drawing windows, and control the behavior ofgeneral features such as zoomtransitions.

Many of the settings are available from shortcut menus and the Options dialogbox. Some workspace elements, such as the presence and location of toolbarsand palettes, can be specified and saved using the Customize UserInterface

dialog box.

Some settings affect how you work in the drawing area:

y Backgr und C l rs (Options dialog box, Display tab). You specify thebackground colors used in the layout and Model tabs and the color used for

prompts and crosshairs.

y Color Scheme (Options dialog box, Display tab, Colors) . You specify adark or light color scheme for the overall user interface. The settings affectthe window frame background, status bar, title bar, menu browser frame,toolbars, and palettes.

y Background Colors (Options dialog box, Display tab, Colors) . Youspecify the background colors used in model space, layouts, and the blockeditor. Background colors on the Model tab change to indicate whether you

are working in a 2D design context, 3D modeling (parallel projection), or

3D modeling (perspective projection).

y UCS Icon and Crosshairs Cursor (Options dialog box, 3D Modelingtab). You specify that the 3D display options and labels for the UCS iconcan be set in the 3D Modeling tab of the Options dialog box.

y Color Assignments or X, Y, and Z (Options dialog box, Display tab,Colors). In 3D views, any interface elements that are associated with theUCS X, Y, and Z axis use special color assignments. The X axis is colored

or tinted red, the Y axis is green, and the Z axis is blue. These tints can be

turned on or off in the Drawing Window Colors dialog box.

y Clean Screen. You can expand the drawing display area to display only themenu bar, status bar, and command window with the clean screen button onthe application status bar. Click the button again to restore the previous

setup.

y View Transitions. You can control whether view transitions are smooth orinstantaneous when you pan, zoom, or change from one view to another(VTOPTIONS command). The default is a smooth transition.


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OVERVIEW OF 3D MODELING

With 3D modeling, you can design using solid, surface, and mesh models.

Create new 3D solids and surfaces, or sweep, combine, and modify existing

objects. Create or convert objects to mesh to obtain enhanced smoothing andcreasing capabilities. You can also use simulated surfaces (3D thickness), or

wireframe models to represent 3D objects.


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SURFACE MODEL

A surface model represents an infinitely thin shell that corresponds to the shapeof a 3D object.

You create surface models using some of the same tools that you use for solid

models. For example, you can use sweeping, lofting, and revolving to create asurface model. The difference is that surface models are open ended. Solidmodels are closed.

MESH MODEL

A mesh model consists of vertices, edges, and faces that use polygonal

representation (including triangles and quads) to define a 3D shape.

Unlike solid models, mesh has no mass properties. However, as with 3D solids,

you can create primitive mesh forms such as boxes, cones, and pyramids,starting in AutoCAD 2010.


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ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELING

Modeling in 3D has several advantages. You can

y View the model from any vantage pointy Generate reliable standard and auxiliary 2D views automaticallyy Create sections and 2D drawingsy Remove hidden lines and do realistic shadingy Check interferences and perform engineering analysisy Add lighting and create realistic renderingy Navigate through the modely Use the model to create an animationy Extract manufacturing dataOverview ofCreating 3D Solids and Surfaces

Three-dimensional solid objects often start as one of several basic shapes, or

primitives, that you can then modify and recombine. A 3D solid or surface canalso be the result of extruding a 2D shape to follow a specified path in 3Dspace.

ABOUT SOLID PRIMITIVES

You can create several basic 3D shapes, known as solid primitives: boxes,

cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, pyramids, and tori (donuts).

.


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ABOUT SOLIDS BASED ON OTHER OBJECTS

You can also create 3D solids and surfaces from existing objects.

The following methods are available:

y Sweep. Extends a 2D object along a path.y Extrusion. Extends the shape of a 2D object in a perpendicular direction

into 3D space.

y Revolve. Sweeps a 2D object around an axis.y Loft. Extends the contours of a shape between one or more open or closed

objects.

y Slice. Divides a solid object into two separate 3D objects.y Conversion. Converts mesh objects and planar objects with thickness into

solids and surfaces.

USE VISUAL STYLES WITH 3D OBJECTS

Solids and surfaces can be displayed in one of several visual styles that are

applied to the viewport.


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CREATE A SOLID PYRAMID

Create a solid pyramid with up to 32 sides.

You can create a pyramid that tapers to a point, or create a frustum of apyramid, which tapers to a planar face.

PYRAMID CREATION OPTIONS

Use the following options to control the size, shape, and rotation of thepyramids you create:

y Set the number ofsides. Use the Sides option of the PYRAMID command toset the number of sides for the pyramid.

y Set the length ofthe edges. Use the Edges option to specify the dimension ofthe sides at the base.

y Create a frustum ofa pyramid. Use the Top Radius option to create afrustum, which tapers to a planar face. The frustum face is parallel to, and has

the same number of sides as, the base.

y Set the height and rotation ofthe pyramid. Use the Axis Endpoint optionof the PYRAMID command to specify the height and rotation of the pyramid.This endpoint, or top of the pyramid, can be located anywhere in 3D space.


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CREATE A SOLID TORUS

Create a ring-shaped solid that resembles the inner tube of a tire.

A torus has two radius values. One value defines the tube. The other value

defines the distance from the center of the torus to the center of the tube. By

default, a torus is drawn parallel to and is bisected by the XY plane of thecurrent UCS.

A torus can be self-intersecting. A self-intersecting torus has no center hole

because the radius of the tube is greater than the radius of th e torus.

TORUS CREATION OPTIONS

Use the following options to control the size and rotation of the tori you create.

y Set the size and plane ofthe circumference or radius. Use the 3P (ThreePoints) option to define the size of the torus anywhere in 3D space. Thethree points also define the plane of the circumference. Use this option torotate the torus as you create it.

y Set the circumference or radius. Use the 2P (Two Points) option to definethe size of the torus anywhere in 3D space. The plane of the circumferencematches the Z value of the first point.

y Set the size and location ofthe torus based on other objects. Use the Ttr(Tangent, Tangent, Radius) option to define a torus that is tangent to twocircles, arcs, lines, and some 3D objects. The tangency points are projected

onto the current UCS.


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CONVERT SURFACES AND OBJECTS WITH THICKNESS TO 3D

SOLIDS

You can convert the several types of objects into extruded 3D solids with the

CONVTOSOLID command. These objects include closed polylines and circles

with thickness, as well as watertight meshes and surfaces. For a complete list ofobjects that can be converted using this method, see CONVTOSOLID.

NoteYou cannot use CONVTOSOLID to convert different, contiguous objects

into a 3D solid. However, you can achieve the same result by first combining

them. Suppose you explode a 3D solid box into regions. Start by using

CONVTOSURFACE to convert each region to a surface. Then use UNION to

form a compound surface object. Finally, use CONVTOSOLID to convert the

surface to a solid.

CONVERT MESH TO 3D SOLIDS

When you convert mesh objects to 3D solids, the shape of the new solid object

approximates, but does not exactly duplicate, the original mesh object. You can

control the differentiation somewhat by specifying whether the result is smoothor faceted ( SMOOTHMESHCONVERT). You can also specify whether the

resulting faces are merged (optimized).

For example, if you convert a mesh box to a solid object , you have the

following options (available on the Mesh Modeling ribbon):

y Smoothed and optimized. Coplanar faces are merged into a single face. Theoverall shape of some faces can change. Edges of faces that are not coplanarare rounded.


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CREATE UNB UNDED HATCHES

There are several methods you can use to create a hatch that does not display a

hatch boundary.

y You can create a hatch with HATCH, and then erase some or all oftheboundary objects.

y You can create a hatch with HATCH, making sure thatthe boundary objectsare on a differentlayerthanthe hatch. Thenturn off or freeze the layer ofthe

boundary objects. This is the only method that maintains hatch associativity.

y You cantrim an existing hatch with objects created as trim boundaries. Aftertrimmingthe hatch, erase the objects.

y You can define a hatch boundary with the Draw option of -HATCH atthecommand prompt by specifying boundary points.

For example, you might wantto show that a large area of a drawingis filled

with a pattern by filling only a small section ofthat area, as showninthe

followingillustration.

You can choose whetherto retainthe polyline boundary afterthe hatch is

created; here, the polyline boundary is not retained.


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CONCLUSION

This easy to operate designing system- CAD, has many advantages.

y The expense and time is reduced in a considerable manner whencompared to the laborious manual work of designing.

y Designing can be done from anywhere as the customers are able tocontrol the process from remote locations as well.

y The data can be easily stored, transmitted, and transported throughcomputer files.

y Digital swatches can be saved on floppy disks, zip disks, CD-ROM orhard drive thus saving space. Moreover they can be easily organized for

fast and easy retrieval.

y The designs can be easily customized and personalized as corrections andediting can be done at any time without significant delays or cost

increases.

y The designers don't need to produce swatches all the time as they cannow see how a particular fabric orgarment looks in different colors and

shapes on computer screen itself.

With all its benefits, care too has to be taken before going for any CAD

software. The softwares which are supported by the available hardwares should

only be purchased or the hardware should be upgraded to comply with the new

software. Training too has to be given to the people who are going to operate

the system so that maximum benefit may be taken from it. With careful

selection and trained professionals, the textile industry can enjoy the benefits of

the IT revolution right at their door

Reference

1. Wikipedia2. Autodexautocad

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