PROJECT STUDY(lecture)

Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING1.1 RATIONALE1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.2.1 Project Questions1.2.2 Goals and Objectives1.2.3 Study Area

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREChapter 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGYChapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSChapter 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSChapter 6. REFERENCESChapter 7. APPENDICES

Chapter 4Results and Discussions

This is basically the: presentation

analysis and

interpretation of data

• This chapter is divided and organized into several main topics or components, each of which is titled according to the sub-problem.

• Present only relevant data. Individual or raw data should NOT be reported in the text. If these need to be included at all, they should be placed in the appendix.

• In reporting data, choose the medium that will present them effectively. It will be helpful to summarize the results and analysis through tables or figures.

• Do not repeat the same data in several places and do not include tables with data that can be presented as well in few sentences in the text.

• The textual presentation should supplement or expand the contents of tables and charts, rather than duplicate them.

• The analyses of data should be objective and logical, make a careful distinction between a fact and an opinion. Facts, not opinion, should prevail.

• In interpreting data, those that are consistent or inconsistent with the theory presented in the study’s theoretical framework are duly pointed out.

• In reporting statistical tests and significance, include information concerning the value of the test, the degrees of freedom, the probability level and the direction of the effect.

• Findings are compared and contrasted with that of other cited previous studies and interpretations are made thereof.

FIGURES AND TABLES

• Major figures/tables belong in the main document, not an Appendix.

• Figures and Labels all require descriptive titles.  (Look in any text book for examples)

• Graphs and Plots are considered figures and should be labeled as such.

• Figure labels go below the figure. • Table labels go above the table. • Each figure/table gets a number that is used

when referring to the object in the text.

EQUATIONS

• Equations should be typed not handwritten.  You can use equation editor 3.0 in Microsoft word. – Click– Insert– Object – Select Microsoft Equation 3.0 from the list – Equations must have a unique equation

number.

Chapter 5CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS

• Conclusions– Conclusions are logical, that is, they flow from

the findings– Conclusions which are presented justified by

the data analyzed– Broad generalizations not adequately

supported by the data should be avoided– Conclusions should be based on findings

• Recommendations

–The recommendations are divided into two parts:

• Specific recommendations on the findings and conclusions of the study itself

• General recommendations

Chapter 7APPENDICES

• Figures • Tables • Equations• Letters of Request/Transmittal Letter• Research Instrument/Results of Survey• Timetable of Activities• Program Budget• Other important raw data • Etc.

• Appendices should each have their own title, and their own page.  Feel free to group like items together (associated plots or tables or figures), but have a title that describes the entire content of the page. 

• For example:  – Appendix I - Derivation of XX equation – Appendix II (new page) - Plots of group data – Appendix III (new page) - List of Symbols

used