pscad training 4

PSCADPower Systems Computer Aided Design

Mahdi DavarpanahECE school of University of Tehran

PSCAD was first conceptualized in 1988 and is a flexible graphical user interface to generate data files for the EMTDC simulation program, therefore users of EMTDC could now draw their systems, rather than creating text listings.

PSCAD Limits (all Editions and Compilers)

Edition Specific Limits

Compiler Specific Limits

The PSCAD Users Group (also known as the EMTDC Users Group) is an informal forum for PSCAD/EMTDC users worldwide. The Group maintains a web site and email list server.

There are several good examples and some useful discussion in the following web site:

PSCAD USERS GROUP

http://bb.pscad.com

Minimum Recommended Specificationsfor Hardware and Software

Processor : 500 MHz processor (higher speed recommended).

Operating system : Windows 98, NT 4.0, ME, 2000 or XP.

Memory (RAM) : 64 MB (128 MB or more recommended).

Hard disc space : 100 MB minimum. More space may be required to save cases and output as you use PSCAD.

Additional : Digital Visual Fortran 5.0 is still supported, but software Compaq Visual Fortran 6.x is recommended.A free EGCS/GNU Fortran 77 compiler is provided, which

is sufficient to run most cases in PSCAD. However, certain dimensioning limits will be imposed.

Components

TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

A component (sometimes referred to simply as a block) is essentially a graphical representation of a device model

Single-Phase Transformer component in PSCAD

Modules are a special type of component, where the basic function of the component model is described using a combination of other basic components, rather than code.

Modules

Projects

TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

PSCAD allows the user to store everything involved in a particular simulation (except output files) into one file called a project. Projects can contain stored component definitions, on-line plots and controls, and of course the graphically constructed system itself. There are two types of projects in PSCAD:

Case projects which are saved with the file extension *.psc

Library projects are used to store component definitions and viewable component instances, and can be used in any case project. Library projects are saved with the file extension *.psl

Installation Cracked Version



1. Starting PSCAD

2. Main PSCAD Environment

1.Title(Active Project)

2.Menu Bar

3.Main Tool Bar

4.Workspace and Output Windows (If it is not visible, go to the main menu bar and click on View | Workspace.)

4.Workspace and Output Windows (If it is not visible, go to the main menu bar and click on View | Workspace.)


Different Project Icons

Errors and Warnings

4.Workspace and Output Windows


Active Project

the Projects section of the Workspace will allow you to have multiple Projects loaded simultaneously. If a Case Project is to be compiled and run, PSCAD needs to know which one this is accomplished by selecting an ActiveCase Project (Right-click on the project and select Set as Active). The Projects, Runtime and Files sections of the Workspace operate based on the Active Project.

4.Workspace and Output Windows


Main Page Branch

This branch lists the various Module instances in the project.

Page Setup : Resize the page

3. Loading a Case ProjectTo load an existing Case Project:

Menu Bar : File | Load Project...Main Toolbar : Load button Hot Key : Ctrl + O

After Click on Open button, Double-click on the project title (or Right-click and select Open) in the Workspace window to open and view the main page of the project in the Circuit window of the Design Editor.

4. Main Page of the Project

The Master Library

It contains most of the components required to build almost any circuit

To open the Master Library, simply left double-click the title in the Workspace.

Components stored in the Master Library are categorized into several Modules (located in the top-left corner of the main page), according to the functionality of the component.

[Ctrl +] X Cut selection[Ctrl +] C Copy selection[Ctrl +] V Paste selectionA Select allR Rotate selectionM Mirror selectionF Flip selectionCtrl + Z UndoCtrl + Y RedoCtrl + F Find function (search)Ctrl + O Load projectCtrl + S Save active projectCtrl + U Unload selected projectCtrl + W Invoke/Cancel Wire Mode

General Keyboard Shortcuts

Insert Insert an Overlay Graph+ Zoom in to graphs- Zoom out of graphsP Zoom previousX Zoom x-axis extentsE Zoom x-axis limitsY Zoom y-axis extentsU Zoom y-axis limitsR Reset all extentsB Reset all limitsG Toggle grid linesCtrl + Left Mouse Hold Zoom horizontal apertureShift + Left Mouse Hold Zoom vertical apertureLeft Mouse Hold Zoom to box (simultaneous

horizontal and vertical)

Keyboard Shortcuts in Plotting

1. Creating a New Project

A new project entitled noname should then appear in the Workspace window.

Creating a New Case Project

2. Opening the Main Page of New Project

By Rightclick | Open or Doubleclick on new project, you should then see the project main page in the Circuit window of the Design Editor.

You should sure, the current project is activated, therefore if it is necessary, in the Workspace window, right-click on the title of an inactive project and select Set as Active.


3. Saving Project Changes

a. You should utilize File menu | Save Active Project orCtrl+S . (Recommended: To save a selected project (either active or inactive), right click on the project title in the Workspace window and select Save from the pop-up menu.)

b. Select path and file name for new project.


4. Adding Components to a Project

There are a variety of ways to insert components into a Project page:

a. Manual Copy/Paste: Open the Master Library and navigate to the area containing the desired component. Right-click on the component and select Copy, (or select the component and press Ctrl + C). Open the project page where you wish to add the component , right-click over a blank area and select Paste (or press Ctrl + V).

b. Right-Click Menu: Right-click over a blank area of the page and select Add Component. A sub-menu will appear containing the most commonly used components from the Master Library.


4. Adding Components to a Project

c. Library Pop-Up Menu: Press Ctrl + right mouse button: over a blank area of the page to invoke the library pop-up menu system. Select a component and it will be automatically added.

d. Control and Electrical Palettes: Left-click on any of the palette buttons and then drag your mouse pointer over the Circuit window - you should see the object attached to your pointer. Continue to move the object to where you want it placed, and then left-click again.


4. Adding Components to a Project4.2. Some features about the components:


a. To move an object, place the mouse pointer over the object icon. Press and hold the left mouse button. Now drag the mouse to movethe component. When you move a component, it will always snap tothe nearest drawing grid, even if the grid dots are not visible.

b. Objects can be cut, copied and pasted as many times as desired within the Circuit window (Ctrl+X , Ctrl+C , Ctrl+V)

c. Rotate/Mirror/FlipHotkeys: Select the object and press the R, F or M to rotate, flip or mirror respectively.Rotation Bar: Select the object or group of objects and then press one of the four Rotation Bar buttons:



d. Deleting Objects : Select the object and press the Delete key. Note that in PSCAD, deleting performs the same function as Cut.

e. Connecting Components Together :A connection is made whenever wire components make contact with the end of another wire, or when the input/output connection nodes of a component or module are overlaid on top of each other. For example, two resistors can be connected directly, or with a wire between them as follows:



e. Connecting Components Together : It is important to note the difference between an electrical and a control type component when connecting components together. Electrical connection nodes cannot be connected to control (or data) connection nodes and vice versa. For example, the following is an illegal connection:

4. Adding Components to a Project4.3. Assembling a Voltage Divider Circuit :


Open the Master Library and build the circuit of project by using eight different components as shown below:

4. Adding Components to a ProjectCreating a New Case Project

Locating the Single-Phase Source

1. There are three different source models available in the Master Library we will be using the Single Phase Voltage Source Model 1 component.

2. Move the source component to an appropriate place on the page. Left double-click on the component to bring up the component properties window.


Locating the Single-Phase Source

3. On the Configuration page, change the Source Impedance Type Drop List to R (for purely resistive).

4. On the Configuration page, change the Rated Volts (AC:L-G, RMS) input field from 110.00 [kV] to 70.71 [kV]. This will give an internal source voltage of 100 kV peak.

5. Save your Project.


Add and Assemble

Add the remaining components (i.e., Wire, Resistor, Current Meter, Data Label, Output Channel, and Ground components). Arrange all components to form the simple voltage divider shown in the following diagram:

Editing the Component Properties



Assigning a Meter to Output Channel4. Adding Components to a Project


1. Add a Data Label component from the control palette to main page of project.

2. Double click on it and rename Data Signal Nameaccording to the Signal Name of Meter component :



3. Add Output Channel component to Main page of project, and connect it to Data Label component, Double click on it and change settings (specially Title which is displayed as the title of curve). Unit of displayed signal is kV or kA.



3. Add Output Channel component to Main page of project, and connect it to Data Label component, Double click on it and change settings (specially Title which is displayed as the title of curve). Unit of displayed signal is kV or kA.


Plotting Results (Assigned meter to an Output Channel)In order to view any results from our voltage divider circuit, we must add a Graph Frame and set it up to display the waveforms:

Adding a Graph Frame: Right-click on the Output Channel component called Mid Point Voltage to bring up the pop-up menu. Select Input/Output Reference | Create new Graph with signal

This should create a new Graph Frame, Overlay Graph and a CurveSimultaneously. Right-click on the Graph Frame title bar and Graph Frame separately and change the setting of properties.


1. Overlay Graph :Right click on Output Channel and select Input/Output Reference | Add as curve, then Right click on existing graph and select Paste Graph.

Adding Another Graph and Curve


2. New Graph in Existing Frame:For adding a new graph with same time axis, first resize the frame (click on title of frame and resize with drag on its marked corners) then click on an existing graph for selection of it, then press Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V .

Adding Another Graph and Curve

5. Running the Project


Before running your new Project, ensure that it is the active project in the Workspace window.

Save the Project (File | Save Project As)

Editing Project Settings

Press the Run button in the Main Toolbar, or from the main menu select Build | Run.

Debug according to output window, if necessary.

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5-2. Editing Project Settings


PSCAD plot step (micro Seconds):

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Start-up MethodThere are two ways to start a simulation in PSCAD: The standard method (i.e. from time = 0.0 seconds) and from a Snapshot File.

From Snapshot File : It is possible in PSCAD to run a case to a steady state and then to take a snapshot at a certain instant during the run. All relevant network data will be saved to a snapshot file, from which you may start your case already pre-initialised. An input field is included directly beside this field called Input File. Enter a name for the snapshot file to be used here.



Timed SnapshotThere are two ways to utilize a snapshot file: Single and incremental snapshots. An input field is included directly beside this field called Snapshot File. Enter a name for the snapshot file to be created here. Another input field is included called Time. Enter the time in seconds at which the snapshot is to be taken.

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Example 2. Short Circuit Current in AC Systems



1. Transfer Data to Excel :a. If a simulation has been run and a particular Curve contains data,

you can copy all or a portion of this Curve data to the clipboard. Right-click over the corresponding Curve and select Copy Data to Clipboard from the pop-up menu.

b. Paste clipboard data in Excel Software and save in Data1.xls


2. Impedance Calculation by MATLAB :a. Phasor Calculation of current and voltage is done by DFT.m

(written m-file).

b. calculation of impedance can be possible based on phasors.clear, clc, fs=1000; %Sampling FrequencyLW_P=20/20; m_iHM=1; fn=50; Lw=LW_P*fs/fn; WindowLength=fs/fn; Delta_Teta=360/WindowLength;Angle=-(floor((Lw-1))/2)*Delta_Teta:Delta_Teta:(floor((Lw-1))/2)*Delta_Teta;FC_real=2.0/LW_P/WindowLength*sin(m_iHM*Angle*pi/180);%Filter CoefficientsFC_imag=2.0/LW_P/WindowLength*cos(m_iHM*Angle*pi/180);%Filter CoefficientsData=xlsread('Data1.xls'); V=Data(:,2)'; %V= Voltagefor i=1:length(V)

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3. Phasor Calculation by PSCAD :Calculation of current and voltage phasors are done by FFT component

Master Library | Meters | FFT

Example 2. Short Circuit Current in AC Systems3. Phasor Calculation by PSCAD (FFT component) :

Number of Harmonics7 (16 samples per second) , 15 (32 samples per second) ,31 (64 samples per second) , 63 (128 samples per second)

Phase Output ReferenceSelect Sine or Cosine. This determines if the phase output is referenced to a sine wave or a cosine wave

Frequency Tracking?For situations where the fundamental frequency is variable, the use of a frequency-tracking device is available to the user for better estimation of phase angle.

Home Work1.

Short Circuit Current in Three Phase AC Systems

Example 3. Capacitor Switching in AC Systems

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Example 4. Fault Analysis in a System

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AC1A (AC Machine Exciter)Properties


Main Transformer


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1. Three conductor transmission systems of very short length (i.e. less than 15 km for a 50 s time step) can also be represented using an equivalent PI Section, where only the admittance and impedance data of the line segment is entered.


Transmission Line and Cable

2. The transmission lines and cables are modeled using one of threedistributed (traveling wave) models:

Bergeron Frequency Dependent (Mode) Frequency Dependent (Phase)

For all of these Frequency Dependent models, detailed conductor information (i.e. line geometry, conductor radius) must be given.

There are two basic methods for constructing a transmission line:1. Building a transmission line composed of two basic components(two Electrical Interface blocks which display the begin and end of Transmission Line and one Transmission Line Configuration block which can include tower cross-sectional geometry, ground properties and conductor data.


Transmission Line Modeling

The Transmission Line Interfacecomponents may also appear in single-line view.

There are two basic methods for constructing a transmission line:

2. The second method allows you to incorporate the electrical interface directly into the Transmission Line Configuration component, when using single-line mode. The figure below represents the equivalent transmission line to that shown above.


Transmission Line Modeling


Transmission Line

Default view of Transmission Line Configuration block, where the transmission line is graphically defined.

Example 4. Fault Analysis in a SystemTransmission Line Modeling: Selection the proper configuration from Master Library and paste on the page of Transmission Line Configuration block.


2. Control of Fault

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pscad training 4

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