psse information
TRANSCRIPT
Power system analyses(Dynamic modeling)
Using PSS/E for power system analyses- Load flow -
Istanbul, May 2011
PSS/E Program overview
Professional software package PSS/E™(Power System Simulator for Engineering) is developed by PTI (Power Technologies International). PSS/E is comprised of the following calculation modules:
PSS/E Power FlowPSS/E Optimal Power Flow (PSS/E OPF)PSS/E Balanced or Unbalanced Fault AnalysisPSS/E Dynamic Simulation
PSS/E Power Flowmodule is basic PSS/E program module and it is powerful and easy-to-use for basic power flow network analysis. Besides analysis tool this module is also used for Data handling, updating, and manipulation
Graphical interface
1. Main toolbar2. Network tree3. Work window4. Progress
window
2
4
3
1
Over toolbarTools/Customize…
Toolbar customization
Right click on toolbar you can switch on/off toolbars
Program option and settings
Using icon or over toolbar Misc/Change program settings (OPTN)
Program preferences
Building a new modelStart with command File/new
Enter base power and model heading
Working with filesOpening files
Using toolbar icon or over meny File/open
Saving/exporting filesUsing toolbar icon or over meny File/Save or show
Working with filesSaving dynamic data
Using toolbar icon or over menu File/open with DYNAMIC DATA SHEET ACTIVE!!!
101 'GENROU' 1 6.5000 0.60000E-01 0.20000 0.50000E-01
4.0000 0.0000 1.8000 1.7500 0.60000
0.80000 0.30000 0.15000 0.90000E-01 0.38000 /
101 'IEEET1' 1 0.0000 400.00 0.40000E-01 7.3000
-7.3000 1.0000 0.80000 0.30000E-01 1.0000
0.0000 2.4700 0.35000E-01 4.5000 0.47000 /
101 'TGOV1' 1 0.50000E-01 0.50000E-01 1.0500 0.30000
1.0000 1.0000 0.0000 /
Bus data
Bus type/code1 PQ node (load)2 PV node (generation)3 swing bus (must be a plant)
Areas/zones/Owners defined when bus is defined
Filtering and subsystem selectingBus selection filter
Name maskBus numberVoltage rangeType
Bus Subsystem Selector
Bus loads
3 types (or mixed)Constant powerConstant currentConstant admittance
Adding new loadDouble click empty field or just enter bus numberSelect busEnter data
Generator/plant data
Define plant dataScheduled voltageRemote controlled bus
Enter machine data
Branch dataDouble click empty field to select bus (or enter bus number)Enter rest of dataPaste data from excell
Zero impedance linesFor modeling bus ties, jumpers, couplers or breakertreated as the same bus (identical bus voltages but loading is determined)
Bus tie
Line breaker
Two winding transformer data
Select connected busesDefine winding 1 side!!Enter rest of data
SS TEST2 400±1x3%/22 kV;Pcu=840kW;uk=12.57%;PFe=235kW;j0=0.05%SS TEST2 400±1x3%/22 kV;Pcu=840kW;uk=12.57%;PFe=235kW;j0=0.05%
SS TEST3 400±1x5%/231 kV;Pcu=620kW;uk=11.91%;PFe=130kW;j0=0.08%SS TEST3 400/231±2x2.5% kV;Pcu=650kW;uk=10.2%;PFe=120kW;j0=0.08%
Three winding transformer data
SS TEST1 420/15.75/15.75 kV;S=380/190/190 MVA;Pcu=1110/1110/1110kW;uk=11.6/22.3/11.6%PFe=310kW;j0=0.38%
Switched shunt data
Inter area transfers
If you apply transaction to PDES then these figures are added on desired interchange
Double click to select areas or enter area numbers
Deleting buses and elements
Or just select element in table and press DELETE
GOUT/GEXMCalled over icon and then entering bus number (or selecting over select option)or from bus spread sheet by selecting bus and over right click menu
GOUT/GEXM – right click menu
Right click menuAnnontiationEditing network dataSwitching actions
One line diagramsTurn on auto-draw on icon
Click symbol for bus and click into draw window (selection dialog appears)
Drawing by “dragging”With auto-draw option turned one select and drag bus to diagram area
Growing diagram bus by busGrow diagram using selected bus and right-click menu
Drawing multiple busesSelect multiple buses and auto-draw
Shape up the diagram
Calculation parameters
Running Load flow calculations
Using icon or over toolbar Powerflow\Solution\Solve (NSOL/FNSL/FDNS/GSLV/MSLV)
Limit checking reports
PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E WED, MAR 17 2004 9:35 WINTER 2005 + UCTE WITH TURKEY
BRANCH LOADINGS ABOVE 100.0 % OF RATING SET A:
X-------FROM BUS-------X X--------TO BUS--------X CURRENT(MVA) NAME BSKV BUS# AREA NAME BSKV BUS# AREA CKT LOADING RATING PERCENT AFIER 2 220 10013* 10 AFIER15 110 10036 10 2 93.8 90.0 104.2 AFIERZ2 220 10004 10 AFIERZ5 110 10065* 10 1 31.8 30.0 106.1 AFIERZ2 220 10004 10 AFIERZ5 110 10065* 10 2 31.8 30.0 106.1 ATIRA15 110 10023 10 AUTR115 110 10026* 10 1 69.4 68.0 102.0 JBGD105 110 34310* 90 JBGD225 110 34365 90 1 106.2 89.6 118.6 JEMARK5 110 34464* 90 JTMORA5 110 34775 90 1 89.9 89.6 100.4 JNSAD151 110 34620* 90 JNSAD351 110 34625 90 1 90.1 89.6 100.6
Necessities for dynamicsModel should be converted!!!
Generators convertedLoads converted
Xd” of generators (dynamic data)=Xsource(load flow data)!!!no generator should be loaded beyond permissible limits (equipment rating)!!!
Machine loaded within Pmin<Pgen<PmaxMachine loaded within Qmin<Qgen<Qmax
Dynamics tab and window
Load *.dyr file!!!Dynamics toolbar and tab
Dynamics adding model
Select dynamic model and right button menu add/replace model
Dynamics editing parameters
Select dynamic model and right button menu edit model
Block diagrams are in PSSE manual
Generation
Type of power plant dictates technical parameters (construction)
hydrothermal
Diesel and heavy fuelsGasCoal
nuclearrenewable sources
sunwindbiomassgeothermaltidal
Generator models - standard
GENSAL and GENSAESuitable for hydro machines – salient pole machines
Generator models - standard
GENROU and GENRAE and GENDCOSuitable for thermal machines – round rotor
Generator models - standard
Necessary parameters for modeling
Generator models - advices
Avoid using simplified models because lack of dataUse typical (and verified) parameters rather then “bad” dataDouble check time constants and integration step (PSSE sensitive and might crash if data not correct)
Integration step < smallest time constant
Generator data sheetData Type Abbreviation Unit � Value Example
Nominal apparent power Sn MVA 850 Nominal active power Pn MW 720 Nominal voltage UGn kV 21 Rated power factor cos・・n 0.85 Basis speed n U/min 3000 Nominal frequency fn Hz 50 Inertia constant (Time constant)* (generator+turbine) TA (based on Sn) sec 10 Flywheel effect (generator+turbine) GD² Mp m² (t m2) 345 Moment of inertia (generator+turbine) J (I) t m² 86 Stator resistance (warm) ra p.u. 0.002 Aperiodic time constant TG sec 0.5 Stator leakage reactance xas p.u. 0.22 Original data corresponding to the equivalent diagram d-axis: Excitation winding resistance rfd p.u. 0.00097 Excitation winding leakage reactance xfd p.u. 0.149 Damping winding resistance rDd p.u. 0.0202 Damping winding leakage reactance xDd p.u. 0.105 Magnetising reactance xhd p.u. 2.38 Excitation/damper winding coupling reactance xfDd p.u. 0 q-axis: Excitation winding resistance rfq p.u. 0.00470 Excitation winding leakage reactance xfq p.u. 0.924 Damping winding resistance rDq p.u. 0.0107 Damping winding leakage reactance xDq p.u. 0.104 Magnetising reactance xhq p.u. 2.31 Excitation/damper winding coupling reactance xfDq p.u.
Generator data sheetData Type Abbreviation Unit � Value Example
Data derived from equivalent diagram (as alternative to original data) d-axis: Subtransient short circuit time constant Td" sec 0.03 Subtransient reactance unsaturated (saturated) xd" (xd"s) p.u. ( ) 0.28 (0.24) Transient short circuit time constant Td' sec 1.15 Transient reactance unsaturated (saturated) xd' (xd's) p.u. ( ) 0.36 (0.32) Synchronous reactance xd p.u. 2.6 q-axis: Subtransient short circuit time constant Tq" sec 0.08 Subtransient reactance unsaturated (saturated) xq" (xq"s) p.u. ( ) 0.31 (0.27) Transient short circuit time constant Tq' sec 0.76 Transient reactance unsaturated (saturated) xq' (xq's) p.u. ( ) 0.88 (0.77) Synchronous reactance xq p.u. 2.53 for 3 winding model xq" = xq' p.u. Open circuit characteristic: (no load curve) Generator voltage UG (based UGn) p.u. 0.64 0.85 1.0 1.12 1.24 1.36 1.51 Excitation current If (based If0) p.u. 0.64 0.9 1.16 1.44 1.9 2.5 4.05
Generator data accuracy and consistency
DOCU (data testing and verification)
BUS 206 MACHINE 1 :T'Q0= 0.1500
** GENROU ** BUS X-- NAME --X BASEKV MC C O N S S T A T E S206 URBGEN 18.000 1 29-42 13-18
MBASE Z S O R C E X T R A N GENTAP1000.0 0.01000+J 0.25000 0.00000+J 0.00000 1.00000
T'D0 T''D0 T'Q0 T''Q0 H DAMP XD XQ X'D X'Q X''D XL4.50 0.070 0.15 0.050 2.50 0.00 1.4000 1.3500 0.5000 0.7000 0.2500
0.1000
S(1.0) S(1.2)0.0900 0.3800
Sensitivity issues
Subtransient and transient time constants for d and q axis affect the transient stability of model (“shape”of response)Saturation factors S(1.0) and S(1.2) influence the behavior of generators in bad voltage-reactive conditions (reactive capability)Inertia constant H affects the frequency response of the modelArmature resistance must be taken into consideration in case of short circuit and breakers duty assessment, as well as for transient period of dynamic simulation
V-curves
(It should be provided by the generator manufacturer)Testing off generation dataSeparate dos based PSSE utilityGood way to test data consistency
Annotations
It should be noted that:
and it should be also noted:
Helpful equations (for unsaturated reactances):
ldqdqqd XXXXXXX >≥>≥>≥ ""''
dddd TTTT ""'' 00 ≥>≥ qqqq TTTT ""'' 00 ≥>≥
d
ddd X
XTT
"'
"" 0 =d
ddd X
XTT
''' 0 =
q
qqq X
XTT
""" 0 =
q
qqq X
XTT
"'
'' 0 =
Annotations
All rotating masses inertia constant H
GD2 is in [tm2]n is in [rpm]Sn is in [MVA]
In case you have inertia time constant (Tj) know that Tj = 2*H
6
22
1037.1
⋅⋅
⋅=nS
nGDH
Thank youThank you