qartuli ena - sulakauri.edu.ge

moswavlis wigni

qarTuli ena

7

Tea qitoSvili

eliso niJaraZe

maia menabde

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis,

kulturisa da sportis saministros mier 2019 wels.

Sinaarsi

ena da damwerlobaTavi 51

1. msoflio enebi da qarTuli ena 6

2. qarTuli enis dialeqtebi 8

3. damwerlobaTa tipebi 11

4. qarTuli damwerlobis saxeebi 14

sazogado arsebiTi saxelebiTavi 232

1. TanxmovanfuZiani da xmovanfuZiani arsebiTi saxelebi 24

2. TanxmovanfuZiani saxelebis bruneba 27

3. xmovanfuZiani saxelebis bruneba 32

4. xmovanfuZiani saxelebis bruneba mravlobiT ricxvSi 36

5. kumSvad-kvecadi saxelebi 39

6. savrcobi 41

7. Tandebuliani brunvebi 44

8. Tandebuliani saxelebis marTlwera 48

sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebiTavi 553

1. adamianis sakuTari saxelis bruneba 56

2. gvarebis bruneba 59

3. saxelisa da gvaris erTad bruneba 63

4. geografiuli saxelebi 66

5. geografiuli saxelebis warmoeba da bruneba 68

nawarmoebi saxelebiTavi 754

1. sityvebis warmoeba 76

2. sityvebis agebuleba 79

3. xmabaZviTi sityvebi 82

4. profesiis saxelebi 84

5. abstraqtuli saxelebi 86

6. qonebisa da uqonlobis saxelebi 88

7. wina viTarebis saxelebi 90

8. daniSnulebis saxelebi 92

9. kninobiT-alersobiTi saxelebi 94

10. warmomavlobis saxelebi 96

zedsarTavi saxeliTavi 1015

1. zedsarTavi saxelis jgufebi 102

2. zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis formebi 105

3. calke mdgomi zedsarTavi saxelis bruneba 109

4. zedsarTavi saxeli arsebiT saxelTan erTad 111

ricxviTi saxeliTavi 1196

1. ricxviTi saxelis jgufebi 120

2. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelis jgufebi warmoebis mixedviT 122

3. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera 125

4. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelis warmoeba da marTlwera 127

5. wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis warmoeba da marTlwera 130

6. ricxviTi saxelebis bruneba calke da arsebiT saxelTan erTad 132

nacvalsaxeliTavi 1397

1. nacvalsaxelis jgufebi 140

2. I da II piris nacvalsaxelebi 143

3. III piris nacvalsaxelebi 146

4. CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi 149

5. kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi 151

6. kuTvnilebiTi da kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi 154

7. nawilakdarTuli nacvalsaxelebi 158

kompozitebiTavi 1658

1. kompozitebi 166

2. fuZis gaorkecebiT miRebuli kompozitebi 169

3. sxvadasxva fuZis SerwymiT miRebuli kompozitebi 171

4. abreviaturebi 174

5

1

Taviena da damwerloba

1

aq Seiswavli...

� rogor iyofa msoflioSi arsebuli enebi

� rogor gaCnda da ganviTarda damwerloba

� qarTuli damwerlobis saxeebs

1Ta

vi

1

en

a d

a d

amw

er

lo

ba

6

1 1. daakvirdi naxats. Seni azriT, ra aris gamosaxuli naxatze?

2 2. gaecani teqsts da Seasrule qvemoT mocemuli davalebebi:

msoflio enebi da qarTuli ena1

bunebrivi ena adamianTa sazogadoebis arsebobis umTavresi pirobaa,

radgan erTmaneTTan urTierTobisTvis adamianebs, upirveles yovli-

sa, swored ena sWirdebaT.

enis warmoSobis Sesaxeb mecnieruli kvlevebi sarwmuno Sedegebs ver

iZleva. sxvadasxva xalxebis Tqmulebebi ki sxvadasxvanairad xsnis enis

warmoSobas.

bibliuri miTi gvamcnobs, rom adamianis SeqmnisTanave gaCnda enac.

RmerTma adams aCvena sagnebi da aswavla maTi saxelebi. babilonis god-

lis Sesaxeb miTi ki mogviTxrobs, rom adamianebma warRvnis Semdeg

ganizraxes aeSenebinaT Zalian maRali koSki. amgvari TavxedobisTvis

RmerTma dasaja isini da auria enebi – maT sxvadasxva enaze dawyes lapa-

raki da aRar esmodaT erTmaneTis.

7

1ms

of

lio

en

eb

i d

a q

arT

ul

i e

na

dawere rveulSi dasabuTebuli pasuxi

2.1 enebs ojaxebad yofen:

a. saerTo warmomavlobis mixedviT;

b. teritoriuli siaxlovis mixedviT.

2.2 monaTesave enebi ganviTarebulia erTi saerTo enidan.

a. sworia b. arasworia

2.3 qarTveluri enebia:

a. mxolod megruli da svanuri;

b. qarTuli, megruli da svanuri.

3 3. savarjiSoebi da davalebebi

imsjele

3.1 rogor SeiZleboda gaCeniliyo ena an enebi? imsjeleT jgufebSi da

dawereT Tqveneuli miTi enis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. warmoadgineT

prezentacia.

imsjele

3.2 Tqveni azriT, ra ganapirobebs enebis sikvdils? jgufebSi CamowereT

Tqveni mosazrebebi, Semdeg gadmoitaneT dafaze da imsjeleT

TiToeulze.

enebs saerTo warmomavlobis

mixedviT ajgufeben enaTa oja-

xebad. saerTo warmomavloba niS-

navs imas, rom erT ojaxSi Semavali,

anu monaTesave enebi, erTi saerTo

enidan ganviTarda. ase jgufdeba

msoflio enebi ramdenime did ojax-

ad, magaliTad: indoevropuli (ing-

lisuri, germanuli, norvegiuli...),

semituri (arabuli, finuri, ungru-

li...), Turqul-alTauri (Turquli,

uzbekuri, yazaxuri...) da sxv.

qarTuli ena qarTvelur enaTa ojaxis erT-erTi Semadgenelia. sxva

qarTveluri enebia megruli da svanuri. magram qarTvelur enebs mec-

nierebi vercerT sxva did ojaxs ver ukavSireben.

enebTan SedarebiT sakmaod mcirea msoflioSi arsebul damwerloba-

Ta ricxvi – mxolod ramdenime aseuli. erT damwerlobas xSirad bevri

ena erTdroulad iyenebs.

es bareliefic erT-erT egviptur taZarzea SemorCenili. aq gamosaxuli naxatebi ieroglifebTan erTad garkveul informacias gadmoscems.

1Ta

vi

1

en

a d

a d

amw

er

lo

ba

8

1 1. waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli teqstebi. imsjele, riT gansxvavdeba isini

erTmaneTisgan.


saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi gavrcelebul metyvelebis nairsaxeobebs

qarTuli enis dialeqtebi ewodeba. dialeqti berZnuli sityvaa da ni-

Snavs kilos.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebi ZiriTadad saqarTvelos teritoriazea

gavrcelebuli, zogi ki saqarTvelos farglebs gareTac arsebobs:

imerxeul dialeqtze mosaubre xalxi TurqeTis teritoriaze cxov-

robs.

ingilour dialeqtze mosaubre xalxi saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT,

mdinare alaznis piras cxovrobs. es teritoria istoriuli hereTis

nawilia da amJamad azerbaijans ekuTvnis. mxolod ingiloebis erTi

nawilia darCenili saqarTvelos teritoriaze, kaxeTSi, dedofliswya-

ros raionSi. ingilouri dialeqti, faqtobrivad, kaxuris nairsaxeobaa,

magram azerbaijanuli enis gavleniT mniSvnelovnadaa saxecvlili.

fereidnuli met yve le bis safuZvelic kaxuri dialeqtia, magram igi

oTxi saukunea, rac sparsuli enis gavlenas ganicdis da amitom sakmaod

gansxvavdeba kaxurisagan. fereidneli qarTvelebi XVII saukunis dasaw-

yisSi iranis Sahis, Sah-abas I-is mier kaxeTidan iranSi gadasaxlebuli

qarTvelebis STamomavlebi arian.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebia: qarTluri, kaxuri, xevsuruli, fSauri,

TuSuri, moxeuri, mTiulur-gudamayruli, mesxuri, raWuli, imeruli,

leCxumuri, guruli, aWaruli, imerxeuli anu klarjuli, ingilouri,

fereidnuli.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebi2

`marto vzivar mowyenili, mua vincxa ambavs mkiTxavs,dameTxue, Tu RmerTi gwams, mawuxebeli bevri myavs.~

`mamam Tqo erTxela, maxson: gulqani me mgavso xsiaTSio, nuRar elaparakebiT, erTs ro ityviso.… dedasaca igavo, – mamam Tqvis, – bebosaca igavo.…~

9

1qar

Tu

li

en

is d

ial

eq

te

bi

T

ur

qe

T

is o m x e T i

az

er

ba

ij

an

i

ru

se

Ti

svaneTi

raWa

imereTi

guria

aWara mesxeTi

Sida qarTli

fSavi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

samegreloleCxumi

javaxeTi

Tori

TrialeTi

xevi

mT

iu

le

Ti

er

wo

T

ia

ne

Ti

xevsureTi

TuSeTi

Savi zRva

0 14 28 42 56

km

1 sm = 14 km

Tbilisi

აფხაზეთი

afxazuri ena

svanuri ena

megruli ena

guruli

aWaruli

raWuli

leCxumuri

imeruli

mesxuri (samcxe-

javaxuri)

qarTluri

qarTluri

kaxuri

TuSuri

fSauri

mTiulur-gudamayruli

xevsurulimoxevuri

enas, romliTac iwereba saxelmZRvaneloebi, samecniero da mxatvru-

li literatura, romelzec Ggamodis Jurnal-gazeTebi, iqmneba saxelm-

wifoebrivi mniSvnelobis dokumentebi, saliteraturo ena ewodeba.

saliteraturo enis umTavresi niSani isaa, rom mas aqvs damwerloba.

amasTanave, saliteraturo enaze dawerili yvela teqsti erTgvaro-

vani unda iyos orTografiis, punqtuaciisa da Tundac leqsikis mxriv.

aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobs saliteraturo enis wesebi anu normebi,

romelTa dacvac yvelasaTvis erTnairad savaldebuloa.

zogjer saliteraturo eniT daweril teqstSi Segvxvdeba romelime

dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli forma, amas dialeqtizmi ewodeba.

dileqtizmebs mxatvruli nawarmoebebis avtorebi iyeneben rogorc

mxat vrul xerxs, rom ufro cocxlad SeZlon personaJis daxatva.

rukaze naCvenebia saqarTvelos teritoriaze enebisa da dialeqteb-

is gavrceleba:

1Ta

vi

1

en

a d

a d

amw

er

lo

ba

10


2.1 dialeqti aris:

a. erTi enis metyvelebis nairsaxeoba.

b. mezobel regionSi gavrcelebuli ena.

2.2 qarTuli enis dialeqtebi gavrcelebulia:

a. mxolod saqarTveloSia.

b. saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT.

3 3. savarjiSoebi da davalebebi

imsjele

3.1 gaixsene, romel dialeqtebs icnob da romels – ara? sad mogismenia?

vin saubrobs am dialeqtze?

3.2 moitane romelime dialeqtze Cawerili teqsti da warudgine klass.

SegiZlia moitano video an audioCanaweri. SegiZlia Sen TviTonac

Caiwero vinmesgan ama Tu im dialeqtze naTqvami nebismieri ambavi an

saubari.

moZebne teqstSi

3.3 gadaxede literaturis pirvel TavSi Seswavlil teqstebs da ipove

dialeqturi formebi. imsjele, ratom iyenebs avtori am formebs.

dawere rveulSi

3.4 waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi, rveulSi amoiwere

dialeqturi an arasaliteraturo formebi. Cawere maTi

saliteraturo Sesatyvisebi.

1. gimnaziaSi rom Semiyvanes, gavcecdi: imdeni bavSvi, erTad

Tavmoyrili, Cems dReSi ar menaxa. mozrdilebi skamze ijden

sulganabuli da axalmoswavle patarebi ki jguf-jgufad

kedlebTan iyven atuzuli.

2. mere is unda cdiliyo, rom sxvisTvis gadaeca rogorme

imrigadve, e. i. Cabarebis dros „lineika~ daertymia xelis gulze.

amgvarad es sacodaobis firfita gadadioda xelidan xelSi.

3. moiTmine, moiWirve, mieCvie da bolos kaci gamoxvalo; magaTSi

umisod ar SeiZlebao!~ magram me Sors daviWire da gamotexilad

vuTxari dedas: – „Tu kidev gagigzavnivar im dasaqcev gimnaziaSi,

Tavs davixrCob-meTqi!~ SeSinden da CamomeTxoven.

11

1dam

we

rl

ob

aTa

tip

eb

i

1 1. daakvirdi qvemoT mocemul fotoebs, rogor fiqrob, ra aris gamosaxuli

maTze?


ganviTarebis im safexurze, rodesac adamianebs dasWirdaT garkveu-

li informaciis Senaxva, magaliTad, saqonlis aRricxva, Sor man-

Zilze raime ambis Setyobineba, religiuri teqstebis Cawera da sxva,

gamoigones damwerloba.

uZvelesi adamianebi piqtogramebiT anu naxatebiT „werdnen“. erTi

piqtograma gadmoscemda mTel ambavs. amgvari damwerloba neoliTis

epoqaSi Seiqmna, rodesac adamianebi Sromis iaraRebs jer kidev qvisgan

amzadebdnen.

magram piqtogramebiT mxolod Zalian martivi informaciis gamoxa-

tva SeiZ leboda.

damwerlobaTa tipebi 3

a. b.

g.

1Ta

vi

1

en

a d

a d

amw

er

lo

ba

12

sazogadoebis ganviTarebasTan erTad piqtografiuli (naxatebi) ni-

Snebi daixvewa, daiSala ufro mcire Semadgenel nawilebad da droTa

ganmavlobaSi warmoiqmna jer logografiuli (rodesac erTi niSani

erT sityvas Seesabameba), Semdeg marcvlovani da Semdeg bgeriTi dam-

werlobebi.

pirveli bgeriTi damwerloba, romelic jer mxolod Tanxmovnebs

Seicavda, Cvens welTaRricxvamde meore aTaswleulSi finikielebma,

ugaritelebma da sxva semiturma xalxebma Seqmnes. swored finikiuris

safuZvelze ganviTarda yvela Tanamedrove bgeriTi damwerloba. fini-

kiur damwerlobaSi iyo Tanxmovnis gamomxatveli 22 niSani.

finikielebi werdnen marjvnidan marcxniv.

finikiuris safuZvelze Seiqmna ori mTavari anbanuri damwerloba –

arameuli da berZnuli. es moxda daaxloebiT Cvens welTaRricxvamde

me-8-me-9 saukuneebSi.

arameuli damwerlobis safuZvelze Camoyalibda aziis damwerlobe-

bi, romlebic ZiriTadad Tanxmovnebis Semcvelia. xolo berZnulis

safuZvelze Camoyalibda dReisaTvis cnobili TiTqmis yvela anbanuri

damwerloba, romlebic TanxmovnebTan erTad xmovnebsac Seicavs.

afrikaSi, namibi-aSi aRmoCenili es

uZve le si naxati 10 aTasze meti wlis winandelia. masze cxovelebis amba-

via `moTxrobili~.

es warwera egvipturi iero-glifebiT amotvifrulia taZris kedelze. erTi ieroglifi erT sityvas Seesabameba.

amgvar damwerlobas Zvel egvipt-eSi Zv. w. 3000 wlidan iyenebdnen.

13

1dam

we

rl

ob

aTa

tip

eb

i

berZnuli damwerlobis uZvelesi nimuSebi Zv. w. me-8-me-7 saukuneebiT

TariRdeba. berZnuli damwerloba am droisaTvis TiTqmis ucvlelad

iyenebda finikiuri damwerlobis niSnebs. TandaTan ki Seicvala grafe-

mebis formebi, Seicvala weris mimarTulebac – berZnebma daiwyes wera

marcxnidan marjvniv, rogorc Cven vwerT dRes. xolo Zveli welTaR-

ricxvis 403 wels aTenSi berZnulma anbanma is saxe miiRo, romliTac

dRes CvenTvis cnobilia Zveli berZnuli anbani.

berZnulis safuZvelze Seiqmna laTinuri damwerloba, romelsac

dRes iyeneben ingliselebi, frangebi, italielebi, espanelebi da sxva

xalxebi.

berZnuli damwerlobis safuZvelze ganviTarda Tanamedrove ber-

Znuli, goTuri, slavuri, somxuri da sxva damwerlobebi.

es ZvelberZnuli warwera SemorCenilia aTenis taZarze.


2.1 imsjele, ratom gaxda saWiro damwerlobis gamogoneba.

2.2 aRwere damwerlobis ganviTarebis etapebi.

2.3 ra roli Seasrula finikiurma damwerlobam bgeriTi damwerlobis

ganviTarebaSi?

2.4 ra roli Seasrula berZnulma damwerlobam Tanamedrove anbanur

sistemebis ganviTarebaSi?

2.5 warmoidgine, rom cxovrob neoliTis epoqaSi, damwerloba jer

gamogonili ar aris. Sen ki megobrisTvis werilis miwera ginda. ras

gaakeTebdi?

1Ta

vi

1

en

a d

a d

amw

er

lo

ba

14

1 1. daakvirdi qvemoT mocemul warwerebs. SegiZlia maTi wakiTxva?

qarTuli damwerlobis saxeebi4

dReisaTvis qarTuli damwerlobis sami saxea cnobili: asomTavruli

anu mrglovani, nusxuri da mxedruli.

mecnierebi miiCneven, rom uZvelesia mrglovani.

amaze metyvelebs asoebis moxazulobac, mrgvali, arakuTxovani

grafemebi – asoebi uZvelesi warmoSobis unda iyos, imdroindeli,

rodesac warwerebs ZiriTadad qvaze an magar masalaze asrulebd-

nen, romelzec mrgvali formebis gamoyvana ufro advili iyo, vidre

kuTxovanis. amaze metyvelebs Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi qvaze Ses-

rulebuli warwerebi da xelnawerebic, romlebic swored mrglovani-

Taa Sesrulebuli.


a.

b.

qartuli ena - sulakauri.edu.ge

Documents