radio detection and ranging (radar)

Seminar on By

Tulshinarayan B. Giri T.E. Comp

Guided By Prof.

NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik

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Introduction Principles of Radar TWS system of Radar Different Role & Functions of Radar Missile Guidance System of Radar Conclusion

Topics covered in this Seminar :


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IntroductionIntroduction

Radio Detection and Ranging.

Radar


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Radio Detection and Ranging.

Radar transmits radio energy

The electromagnetic waves bounce off of objects in range and return to the radar

The radar receives the waves, and filters and processes the received signal to produce useful information


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Principles Of RadarPrinciples Of Radar

Polarization

InterferenceNoise

Clutter

Frequency Band

Radar equation


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Radar Radar equationequation

Pt = transmitter power Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna Ar = effective aperture (area) of the receiving antenna σ = radar cross section, or scattering coefficient, of the target F = pattern propagation factor Rt = distance from the transmitter to the target Rr = distance from the target to the receiver

• where R = range


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Track-While-ScanTrack-While-ScanTWSTWS


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Concept of TWSConcept of TWSA search radar that can “help” solve fire control problems.Sensor continues to perform primary function of search (scanning) and data input.Remainder of system performs target tracking function.Eliminates process of target designation from search radar to fire control radar


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TWS: TWS: Six Basic Six Basic FunctionsFunctions

Target detectionTarget track correlation and associationTarget track initiation and track file generation (if a new target)Generation of tracking “Gates”Track gate prediction, smoothing and positioningDisplay and future target calculations


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Target Detection / Target Target Detection / Target Track Correlation and Track Correlation and

AssociationAssociationADT: Primary function is to convert radar data in to a form usable by the computer (TWS system).

Target information correlated with currently held track(s).

Track Ambiguity resolved.


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Track Initiation and Track Track Initiation and Track File GenerationFile Generation

A track file is generated in order to store the position and gate data for each track.

The generation of the track file begins with the initial storage of position data along with a code to indicate that an acquisition window has been established.


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Gate GenerationGate Generation

Acquisition gate

Tracking gate

Turning gate


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TWS GatesTWS GatesAcquisition Gate

2000 yards

10 degrees

10 degrees


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TWS GatesTWS GatesTracking GateTracking Gate

1.5 degrees

1.5 degrees

120 yards


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TWS GatesTWS Gates Turn Detection Gate

tracking gate*Dimensions of this gate are determinedby computer based on maneuverability of target.


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TWS TWS ProcessingProcessing

Acquisition Gate

Tracking Gates

Turn Detection Gate

Tracking Gates

Original Course


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Positioning and Positioning and Smoothing FunctionsSmoothing Functions

Repositioning and smoothing must be done mathematically within the TWS algorithm.


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TWS Flow DiagramTWS Flow DiagramDo

parameters matchthose from

previous scan?

Doestrack ambiguity

exist

Scanning radardetects a target

Targetpreviously in track

or acquisition

NO

Yes

NO

Yes

Generate a new track file & store data

Generate anacquisition gate

Resolveambiguity

Compute target tracking parameters

Acquisition

Track

Generate Track Gate & indicator in file

Update trackingparameters

Reposition trackgate centered onfuture position

Ready for the next radar scan information

Recompute track gate


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TWS Radar System TWS Radar System AdvantagesAdvantages

Elimination of target designation from a search radar to a fire control radar.

Tracking information is used as a direct data input to the computation of a fire control solution.

As soon as the target is detected, a fire control solution is available without the inherent delay caused by the designation process.

Scan and Track on same system

Tracking information used for computation of a fire control solution.

Immediate Fire Control Solution


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Real World ApplicationsReal World Applications Many search radars are associated with computers for ADT, TWS becoming universal Search radarWeapons guidance

AN/SYS-2 IADT used on some missile ships

Mk 92 CAS - FFG

AN/SPQ-9 – 5” Gun

Mk 25 TAS – NATO Sea Sparrow

AEGIS C&D holds track files for AEGIS

dedicated computer


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MK 92 Gunfire Control MK 92 Gunfire Control SystemSystem

GCS


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MK 86 GFCS SPQ-9MK 86 GFCS SPQ-9

SPQ-9


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Radar Functions and Radar Functions and RoleRole

Detection and search radars

Threat radars

Missile guidance systems

Battlefield radar

Air Traffic Control and Navigation

Weather-sensing Radar systems


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Missile guidance Missile guidance systemssystems

Beam Rider Guidance

Command Guidance

Homing Guidance Semi-Active Homing Guidance

Active Homing Guidance


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Beam Rider GuidanceBeam Rider Guidance


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Command GuidanceCommand Guidance


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Homing GuidanceHoming Guidance• Semi-Active Homing GuidanceActive Homing Guidance


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ConclusionConclusionThere is number of different types of radar used in different fields for different reasons.Radar is most important in all fields of defence that is Army,Navy and Air force . It can used to detect the different objects and give its possition,to determine the weather condition,ATC ,Missile guidance and many more things.Hence Radar one of the most important electronic divice which are used in all filds for different purpose.


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Any QueryAny Query


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Thank youThank you

K.K.Wagh IEER, Nashik ……….Radar………

radio detection and ranging (radar)

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