Real WhigsReal Whigs

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

British Government took measures to British Government took measures to prevent smuggling:prevent smuggling:

James Otis’James Otis’ case case

Protection of a citizen’sProtection of a citizen’s private property must private property must bebe held in higher regard held in higher regard than a parliamentary than a parliamentary statute. statute.

A 1761 1761 writs of assistancewrits of assistance

He lost He lost parliamentary parliamentary law and custom had law and custom had equalequalweight.weight.

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

1.1. Sugar Act - 1764

2.2. Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act - 1765

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s Program, George Grenville’s Program, 1763-17651763-1765

George Grenville’s Program, George Grenville’s Program, 1763-17651763-1765

Loyal Nine - 1765Sons of Liberty

– – began in NYC: Samuel began in NYC: Samuel AdamsAdams

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

Stamp Act Congress – 1765 * Stamp Act Resolves

Declaratory Act – 1766

• Parliament passed a law giving it full authority over the colonies.

• Parliament declared all colonial laws null and void.

• Parliament denied the right to vote to colonists living in North America.

Costs of Costs of Colonial ResistanceColonial Resistance

Costs of Costs of Colonial ResistanceColonial Resistance

17671767 William Pitt, Prime Minister & Charles William Pitt, Prime Minister & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. (Townshend Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. (Townshend Act)Act)

A Shift from paying taxes for British war debts Shift from paying taxes for British war debts & quartering of troops & quartering of troops paying colonial paying colonial government’s salaries.government’s salaries.

A He diverted revenue collection from internal He diverted revenue collection from internal to external trade.to external trade.

A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, lead, glass, paper, paint, lead, glass, tea.tea.A Increase custom officials at American ports Increase custom officials at American ports established a Board of Customs in Boston.established a Board of Customs in Boston.

Townshend Duties Crisis: Townshend Duties Crisis:

1767-17701767-1770

Townshend Duties Crisis: Townshend Duties Crisis:

1767-17701767-1770

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to British Excise Taxes & British Excise Taxes &

Duty CollectingDuty Collecting——Tar & FeatheringTar & Feathering

The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, 1774 British propaganda print referring to the tarring and feathering of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's throat as can be seen.

1.1. John Dickinson John Dickinson 1768 1768 ** Letters from a Farmer in Letters from a Farmer in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania..

2.2. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation movement: non-importation movement: ** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty” ** spinning beesspinning bees

3.3. Riots against customs agents: Riots against customs agents: ** John Hancock’s ship, the John Hancock’s ship, the LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent to Boston. 4000 British troops sent to Boston.

Colonial Response to the Colonial Response to the Townshend DutiesTownshend Duties

Colonial Response to the Colonial Response to the Townshend DutiesTownshend Duties

The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

Boston Massacre of 1770 by Paul Revere

Boston Massacre. Henry Pelham, stepbrother of painter John Singleton Copley.Pelham published his design nearly two weeks after Paul Revere's.

The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

The Boston Massacre Trials (1770)

•Captain Thomas Preston & 8 British Soldiers Tried for Role in “The Boston Massacre”

•John Adams—Defended Captain Preston & 8 British Soldiers

•More than 80 witnesses called to the stand to testify.

Results of the Trial:

•Preston was acquitted (Sons of Liberty Surprised & Bitter—seeing John Adams defended him.)

•Pvts. Montgomery and Killroy guilty of manslaughter, though they committed a capital offense, punishment they were branded on the thumb.

The Gaspee Incident (1772)

Providence, RI coastProvidence, RI coast

Committees of Correspondence

PurposePurpose warn neighboring warn neighboring coloniescolonies about incidents with Br. about incidents with Br.

broaden the resistance broaden the resistance movement. movement.

Tea Act (1773)8 British East India Co.:British East India Co.:

§ Monopoly on British Monopoly on British tea imports.tea imports.

§ Many members of Many members of Parliament held shares.Parliament held shares.

§ Permitted the Co. to Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to sell tea directly to colonies without colonies without colonial middlemen colonial middlemen (cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!)

8 North expected the North expected the colonists to eagerly colonists to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.choose the cheaper tea.

The Coercive or

Intolerable Acts

(1774)(1774)

Lord NorthLord North1.1. Boston Port Act

2.2. Massachusetts Government Act

4.4. Administration of Justice Act

3.3. New New Quartering Act

TheQuebec Act

(1774)

First Continental Congress

(1774)55 delegates from 12 55 delegates from 12 coloniescolonies

AgendaAgenda How to How to respond to the respond to the Coercive Acts Coercive Acts & the Quebec & the Quebec Act?Act?

1 vote per colony 1 vote per colony represented.represented.

Boston Tea Party (1775)

This 1846 lithograph has become a classic image of the Boston Tea Party.

Boston Tea Party (1775)

Engraving. Plate by W.D. Cooper

The British Are The British Are Coming Coming . . .. . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere & & William DawesWilliam Dawes make make their midnight ride to warn the their midnight ride to warn the

MinutemenMinutemen of approaching British of approaching British soldiers.soldiers.

The Shot Heard The Shot Heard ’’Round the WorldRound the World!!

Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775

The Second Continental Congress

(1775)

Olive Branch Petition

Thomas Paine: Common Sense

Declaration of Declaration of Independence Independence

(1776)(1776)

Declaration of Independence

Independence HallIndependence Hall

New New National National SymbolsSymbols