rebel molecules. most of the time the octet rule is followed, ome molecules disobey octet rule c, n,...

Rebel Molecules Rule Breakers

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Rebel Molecules

Rule Breakers

MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule

C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers

1) Odd Number of Valence Electrons2) Incomplete Octets3) Expanded Valence Shells

Molecular Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Page 3: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Not every electron is in a pairAll atoms in the molecule cannot have their

octet satisfiedThese molecules are generally NOT stable CHECK electron number before assuming

odd number of electrons

Ex. NO, NO2

1) Odd Number of Valence Electrons

Page 4: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Molecules with odd valence electron #, not stable

Very reactive

Intermediate compounds in a chemical reaction, short-living

Free Radicals

Page 5: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Not enough valence electrons to go around ! Not every atom can achieve the octet rule as a result

Reactive

1st share single electron pair and then if necessary, it is possible to satisfy the octet rule for ALL atoms by sharing 2-3 electron pairs

Atoms with strong double/triple bonds are C, N, O, P, and S.

2) Incomplete Octets (cont.)

Page 6: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Example: ozone (O3)

Page 7: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

GENERALLY,

A) All Lewis Structures are not necessarily equal for resonance hybrid

B) Some resonance structures contribute more to the structure of the resonance hybrid than others.

2) Incomplete Octets (cont.)

Page 8: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Applies only to elements in 3+ periods of periodic table

Central atom’s valence shell expands to account for extra electrons

3) Expanded Valence Shells

Page 9: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

**Applies only to elements in 3+ periods of periodic table **

** Applied when not possible to draw Lewis structure without expanding the shells **

Valence shell incorporates “d subshell region” (up to 18 electrons) More than 8 electrons shared

Add valence shells if more than 8 valence electrons are around the central atom

3) Expanded Valence Shells

Page 10: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Example: sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4)

Page 11: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

1) Common Exceptions---H, HeOnly one electron pair needed to fill valence shell

2) Elements located AT or GREATER than 3rd period.Exceed octet, EXPAND VALENCE SHELL, not electron

deficient

3) Elements located WITHIN 2nd Period. No surpassing octet, can be electron deficient

**Octet rule applies to C, N, and O so applies to many molecules!!!

In Summary---

Page 12: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

There is an error in each of these structures. What is it?

Example 2:

Page 13: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Only one Lewis Structure is correct. Identify it and state the problem (s) with the other structures.

Example 3:

Page 14: Rebel Molecules. MOST OF THE TIME THE OCTET RULE IS FOLLOWED, ome molecules disobey octet rule C, N, O, and F are mostly rule keepers 1) Odd Number of

Read pp. 361-366

Problems pp. 381-382 #53-54, 59-60

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