Project: Delft Research ProgrammeProject # 0119

MFE Presentation: 08/02/06

a catalyst for change

1. Introduction to the Recircle project2. Defining Sustainable product

design

3. An over view of the European context

- Environmental agencies and policy affecting product design

- Sustainable design in industry- Academia- Networks- Tools and methods- Case studies

4. The New Zealand context

5. Sector orientated tool boxes

6. Mechanisms for change

7. Discussion points

Agenda/Contents

Government/Policy

Professional design

Industry

Academia

Networks

Tools & Methods

Case studies

NZEU

IndustryToolbox

Pro designerToolbox

AcademiaToolbox

SP

D c

onte

xtua

l com

pon

ents

in th

e E

U

NZ context relevant to the implementaion of SPD

Mechanismsfor

Change

Recircle Project Structure

“The (re)design of products, processes, services or systems to tackle imbalances or trade offs between the demands of society, the environment and the economy and requires the holistic consideration of the impact or products or services in these three areas, now and in the future”

Sustainable Design Eco-Design

Sustainable

Development

Product Designeconomic, functional, aesthetic, safety

Co

nsumption

Prod

uctio

n

Definition of SPD

From the hand made recycled stereotype “green aesthetic”

To state of the art products where sustainability is addressed along the entire life cycle.

Changing Stereotypes

Extrxx action ofRaw Materials

Design & Production

Packaging &Distribution

Use & Maintenance

Recycling & Reuse

Recov

ery

RecyclingMaterial/Components

Reuse

Disposal &Incineration

Life Cycle Thinking

• Re-think the product and its functions. For example, the prod-uct may be used more efficiently, thereby reducing energy use and other natural resources.

• Re-duce energy and material consumption throughout a prod-uct’s life cycle.

• Re-place harmful substances with more environmentally friendly alternatives.

• Re-cycle. Select materials that can be recycled, and build the product such that it is disassem-bled easier for recycling.

• Re-use. Design the product so parts can be reused.

• Re-pair. Make the product easy to repair so that the product does not yet need to be replaced.

6/R Philosohpy

20

10

5

5 10 20 50

Type 2

Type 1

Type 3

Type 4

Time (years)

Eco

- e

ffic

ein

tcy

Imp

rove

me

nt

fa

cto

r

1. Product improvement

2. Product redesign

3. Function innovation

4. System innovation

4 Types of EcoDesign

People (social/ethical)- Complies with corporate image- Conditions of work in the company and along the supply chain are acceptable

Planet (environment)- Environmental impacts are reduced- Complies with environmental related legal requirements

Profit (economic)- Promises success on the market- Technically feasable for the company- Satifies customer/user needs

SPD Criteria

European Context

Scandinavia

U.K.

Netherlands &Belgium

Germany &Austria

Ireland

Spain

Portugal

LCA focused, alot of funded projects undertaken

Based on policy and legislation as entry point (Rohs, Weee)

LCA focused, governmental support for projects

Technology focussed, tooldevelopment, backed by educationalmeasures

High

High

High

High

High

High

Moderate

Very good (academia focused)Ecodesign clusters: DK, SE

Very good (consultancy focused)Ecodesign clusters: England, Wales

Very good (research focused)Ecodesign cluster: Flanders

Very good(No dedicated clusters)

Good

Good, ecodesign sub clustersCatalonia, Basque country

Good

Region Awareness Infrastructure Approaches

Regional Differences

EU commission- Environmental Director General- Funding programs (Leonardo, Life, Dantes etc) 5th 6th 7th framework.Associated agencies- UNEP- EEA, - EEBKey country government agencies- Netherlands (VROM)- Denmark (DEPA)- UK (DEFRA)- Sweden (MFE)

EU Environmental Organisations

EOLV - End of life vehicles

IPP - Intergrated product policy

EUP - Ecodesign of energy using products Directive

RoHS - Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances Directive

WEEE - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive

Labelling - Eco, Energy

EU Policy & Legislation

EOLV - End of life vehiclesIPP - Intergrated product policyUP - Ecodesign of energy using products DirectiveRoHS - Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances Directive

WEEE - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive Labelling - Eco, Energy

EU Policy & Legislation (EcoDesign ARC 2006)

Focus: Product Focus: EnterpriseIntegrated Product Policy

Energy Labeling

Energy LabelingDirective

Aspect Specific

Ewaste: WEEE DirectiveMaterial Bans: RoHS(Automotive's: ELV)

Energy Effic iency

Several New DirectivesPlannedEnergy EfficiencyDirectives

Eviro. Management

EnvironmentalManagement EMAS

Regula

tions

EcoDesign

EcoDesign: EUPFramework Directive(Draft)

Aspect SpecificRegulations

EU Policy & Legislation

Cum

ulat

ive

lock

-in o

fen

viro

nmen

tal i

mp

act

Cumulative 'lock-in' ofenvironmental impact arising

from decisions made along theproduct development cycle

Product development cycle

Strategic product & market research

Ecodesign Cleaner production

Consumer education

Waste management& re cycling

Concept design - Detail design - Manufacture - Use - Disposal or recovery

“Sustainable design is not a specialist area of design, but rather an attribute of good design”

Most environmental impacts are ‘locked-in” at the design stage.

Early intergration of ecodesign into the product development process

Designers & the Eco Design Process

Internal & External Design

External Consultants- LCA consultants- Environmantal consultants- Policy consultants - Research consultants- Ecodesign consultants- Sustainable product design consultants (Bottom up approach)

In-house Capacity- The Design team work at the front end- Eco design is predominantly done by the engineering team - Consultants are used when necessary

Industrial Design & Eco Design

• Eco design is a relativey new subject for industrial design

• Designers involvement in sustainable design tends to be more conceptual andstrategic.

• Eco design has come from an engineering/Scientific background

• There is a language gap between tools and designers

• The key is to focus on strategies rather than technicalities.

Benefits of Eco-Design

Short term

• Reduces environmental impact of products/processes.• Optimizes raw material consumption and energy use.• Improves waste management /pollution prevention systems.• Encourages good design and drives innovation.• Cuts costs.• Increases product marketability

Long term

• Increased innovation• Greater ability to compete, add value, attract customers• Become more cost-effective• Reduce environmental im-pacts and liability• Gain a systems perspective• Improved supply chain rela-tionships

Eco-Design in SME’s

Drivers• Legislation compliance (surviving RoHS)• Perceived economic benefits

Barriers• Lack of incentives form all stake holders• Perceived extra costs in time and money Lack of available information

Whats happening?1. Pilot projects rarely lead to ecodesign implemantaion2. Ecodesign is not a management issue3. The focus is on product redesign rather than new product concepts.

EU & Country Specific Initiatives

• Eco design arc Awareness raising campaign for SME’s in the electronics in-dustry

• Ecosmes Web based guide for SME’s with relevant information and simplified ecodesign tools

• Learning-ecodesign.netWeb based information with case stud-ies.

• Eco smart design IrelandProgram run in Northern Ireland to aid SME’s with ecodesign implementation

• Environmental policy and directives have had a huge impact. • Lead by the automotive and electronics industry

• The Dow Jones sustainability index has put sustainability out there.

• B2B and B2C relationships

• Tailor made solutions for individual company needs

Multi-National/Large Enterprise

Life-Cycle-BasedEnvironmental Policy & Product

Strategy

en Distribution

Green

Marketing

Gre

en P

rocu

rem

ent

Des

ign

For T

he

Env

ironm

ent

Cleaner Production

Life-CycleManagement

Life Cycle Management

The reality of ecodesign application in the EU

• Environmental policy has had a huge impact

• No universal language of SPD

• General focus on end of life issues • Getting past the pilot project

• Alignment of ecodesign with business operations is still poor

• Few examples of real sustainable design

• Incentives for ecodesign implementation in industry are still relatively low

• Most focus is on incrementally improving existing products.

• Sectors are at different stages of development and maturity

• Teaching and training does not automatically result in implementatio

EnterpriseTraining ecodesign to a select few does not guarantee further dissemination of information throughout an organization.

Teaching vs. Implementation

• Established on 8th January 1842 • Largest university of engineering sciences in the Netherlands• Approximately 13,000 students and

2,100 scientists (including 200 professors) • Each year an average of 185 PhD dis

sertations • And over 4,000 publications in scien tific journals.

Aerospace Engineering

Applied Earth Sciences

Applied Mathematics

Applied Physics

Architecture

(Bio) Chemical Engineering

Civil Engineering

Computer Science

Electrical Engineering

Industrial Design Engineering

Life Science & Technology

Marine Technology

Mechanical Engineering

Sustainable Molecular Science & Technology

Systems Engineering, Policy Analysis &

Management

Institute for Design Education

Product Engineering (PE)

Industrial Design Design Engineering Product Innovation Management

Design for Sustainability (DfS)

Computer Aided Design Engineering (CADE)

People

Courses

Research

Networks

International

Beella, Satish Kumar M.DesBerchicci, Luca M.ScBoks, Casper PhD.M.ScBrezet, Han Prof.PhD.M.ScCrul, Marcel PhD.M.Sc Diehl, Jan Carel M.ScHellman, Hanna M.Sc Huisman, Jaco PhD.M.Sc

Kan, Sioe-Yao M.ScPascual Moya-Angeler, Oriol M.Sc.Remmerswaal, Han PhD.M.Sc Roos, LindaSilvester, Sacha PhD.M.ScStevels, Ab Prof.PhD.M.ScWever, Renee M.Sc

ID 2431 Milieukunde (Dutch)Bachelor program.

ID 3051 Design 5 (Dutch)Bachelor program.

ID 4140 InternationalizationMaster program.

ID 4125 Life Cycle Engineering and DesignMaster program.

ID 5151 Technical Environmental AnalysisElective, Master program

ID 5561 Product Service SystemsElective, Master program.

ID 5351 Applied Environmental DesignElective, Master program

Sustainability & Design

Tools for sustainable design

Business aspects

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Satellites Universities

SME’s & Multinationals Government & EU comission

Municipalities

Reliability & Durability (R&D)People - Various backgrounds

and tasks with the department

Courses - Sustainability in all the departments

Research - Holistic approach at all levels

Networks - Involved with most major SPD projects worldwide

D4S Programme

• Product redesign

• Manual approach

• Pilot projects

• Business intergration phase

• Ecodesign in non industrial contexts

• Social / system innovation

D4S Development 1990 -2006

• Integration of Sustainability into the Curriculum

• Integration is not a spontaneous process

• A top down approach to training lecturers is not productive

Sustainability in the Curriculum

Sustainability Design

Design asContext

Sustainability asContext

1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year

Design for sustainability course development

Sustainability in The Curriculum

Universities

- Chalmers Sweden - TU Denmark- TU Vienna - Surrey University - Milan Polytechnic- TU Berlin

Research institutes

- TNO- Vito- SETAC- Wuppertal institute- Fraunhofer- INETI

Key Universities & Research Centres in the EU

Alignment between industry needs and academic research need to be substantially improved

Research is predominantly funding driven not industry driven

An excessive focus on complex tool and methods development

Little follow up after the pilot projects

Lack of research into ecodesign solutions for further integration in the company structure

After 15 years or Research where are the Eco products?

SPD Networks

Specific SPD Networks- O2

Sector orientated Networks - Academic/research – IEPP

Multi stakeholder Networks- Ecolife

1970

End of pipe

Cleaner production

Cradle to grave

Cradle to cradle

Sustainable product design

Product service systems

2006

Approaches

1. New concept development

2. Selection of low impact materials

3. Reduction of materials

4. Optimization of production techniques

5. Efficient distribution system

6. Reduction of users impact

7. Optimize initial lifetime

8. Optimize end of life system

Strategies

Relation between Ecodesign Strategies & Product Life Cycle(Brezet & Hemel 1997)

Production& Supply OfMaterials &Components

New Product

StrategiesStage In Product

Life Cycle Affected Aspects

In-HouseProduction

DistributionTo

Customers

Utilization

Recover &Disposal

Strategy 1.Selection of low impact materials

Strategy 2.Reduction of materials usage

Strategy 3.Optimization of productiontechniques

Strategy 4.Optimization of distributionsystem

Strategy 5.Reduction of impact during use

Strategy 6.Optimization of initial lifetime

Strategy 7.Optimization of end of lifesystems

Strategy at new conceptdevelopment

Raw materialsProcess energy

Auxiliary materialsProcess energy

PackagingEnergy for transport

Materials for utilizationEnergy during use

Auxiliary substancesProcess energy

Strategy & Life Cycle Relationships

Tool categories (Analysing, prioritizing, prescribing, coordinating)

Hands on toolsEcodesign checklists, MET matrix, Lids wheel

Internet based toolsEcodesign pilot

Software toolsIdemat LCA – Abridged (Eco indicator 99) - Full (Gabi, simapro, Umberto)

8

3

2

1

4

7

5

6

8

3

2

1

4

7

5

6

- Existing product

- New product (redesign)

- Reduced environmental impact

- Area of environmental concern

Tools

LCA tool development (I report at Unilever)

Simplified tools for SME’s (Everdee and Tespi)

CAD based LCA tools (Ecologicad And ecodesign work-bench)

Communication tools for ecodesign through out the company

New Tool Development

Problems with Eco Design Tools

Full LCA is expensive and time consuming

Tools are too complex especially for SME’s

Developed by academia with insufficient industry commitment

Tool selection versus tool development

The language of current ecodesign tools is still very technical.

Customization of tools for company needs

The eco-design tools need to be adapted to the established design Workflows, not the design workflows to the tools

ManualsUNEP promise, Canadian ,Spanish, PIT method

GuidesECO redesign, Eco innovation, Eco-life guide, A Designer’s Guide to Eco-Con-scious design

Online informationDemi, Inspiration/innovation, Ecosmes

Guides & Manuals

Where are we now and where are we going?

Where we are now?

Most product related environmental improvements are incremental

The focus is on Ecodesign compliance

Design engineers tend to being doing the ecodesign

An EMS allows ecodesign to work as an integral part of the companies function.

Where we are going?

There will be a growing interest in low carbon technologies

A focus on design for energy reduction in use.Development of simple but not simplistic tools

Greater awareness raising systems

Environmental policy and legislation going beyond the electronics industry.

Eco chair by Voxia

• Use of sustainable material • Form and functional elements are pro-

duced in on continuous process• Reduction in energy use during man-

ufacture• Material waste is a minimal• Stack-ability enables efficient trans

port and storage

Case Study 1

1-2-paint by Flex design

• Innovative design• Reduction of materials (no need for

a paint tray)• Easy to recycle (one material• Saves paint (no left over)• Saves water (4-5 litres per bucket)• Customer satisfaction (selling 70%

more than traditional buckets)

Case Study 2

Papcorn Dinnerware by Anne Bannick & Lene Vad Jensen

• Renewable material

• Biodegradable

• Multi use or single use

Case Study 3

• Environmental agencies and policy affecting product design

• Sustainable design in industry

• Academia

• Networks

• Tools and methods

EU Summary

New Zealand Context

• Key environmental impacts of products in NZ (i.e. Transport & and end of life)

• Update of Smythe report

• Gaps to be filled by experiences in Europe

• Environmental policy development in NZ

• Awareness of industry in regards to ecodesign.

Areas to be Investigated

Academia• Teaching the teachers• Sustainability in the curriculum development• Simple tools• Hands on training• Recommended reading list

Design professionals• Specific tools• Manuals• Strategies• Simplified LCA• Policy & legislation

Industry• Environmental management

systems• Strategies• Supply chain management• CSR• Green marketing• Policy & legislation

Sector Oriented Toolboxes

Mechanisms for Change

• Conference• Lectures• Workshops• Website/guide• Network• Research• Ecodesign tools specifically for NZ • Policy development• Tax incentives for sustainable product

development• Academic and industry combined

projects • Pilot projects in NZ companies• Project between Delft TU and NZ

counterpart.