1865-1877

Part 1 Violence & Lincoln’s AssassinationPart 2 Freedman’s Bureau & Johnson*Part 3Part 4Part 5Part 6Part 7Part 8Part 9

Creation of a single unified countryAbolition of slavery (13th Amendment)Increased power to federal government –

killed the issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nationA stronger sense of nationalismWestern lands increasingly opened to

settlementSouth was economically and physically

devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...

2 things that had to be resolved at the end 2 things that had to be resolved at the end of the Civil Warof the Civil WarSeceded StatesSeceded StatesFreed SlavesFreed Slaves

None of these plans (so far) addressed issues facing

freed slaves Black CodesBlack Codes KKKKKK LynchingLynching

Proclamation of Amnesty and ReconstructionTen-PercentPlanOffered forgiveness to all southerners who Offered forgiveness to all southerners who

pledged loyalty to the Union pledged loyalty to the Union and support for and support for emancipationemancipation

With 10% of the population pledging this, the With 10% of the population pledging this, the state could then form a government that state could then form a government that banned slavery and be readmitted into the banned slavery and be readmitted into the UnionUnion

Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and VirginiaArkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and VirginiaAngered Radical RepublicansAngered Radical Republicans

Readmitting states to the Union was a power of Congress, not the president

Since secession was against the law, Since secession was against the law, Confederates had never legally left the Confederates had never legally left the UnionUnion

So Congress responds with…So Congress responds with…The Wade Davis BillThe Wade Davis BillOnce a majority of a state’s white, male Once a majority of a state’s white, male

citizens pledged loyalty to the union, it citizens pledged loyalty to the union, it would be readmitted into the Unionwould be readmitted into the Union

Lincoln Pocket vetoedLincoln Pocket vetoed

Becomes President after Lincoln is assassinated in 1865

Similar to Lincoln’s PlanExcept…

Wanted to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from voting

Pardoned more than 13,000 former Confederates so that “white men alone must manage the South”

All but Texas joined and sent Representatives to Congress, Congress refused to admit them

1866 Congress voted to enlarge the Freedmen’s Bureau & forbid S. states from passing black codesFreedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, hospitals,

legal protection and education to former slaves Johnson vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau Act and the

Civil Rights Act

What do you see (symbols, people, etc.)?

What words are used?

What can you infer from or about the cartoon?

Favored tougher rules for restoring the states Favored tougher rules for restoring the states that had left the Unionthat had left the Union

Wanted to truly give freed slaves freedomWanted to truly give freed slaves freedomOverrode Johnson’s veto of the Freedman’s Overrode Johnson’s veto of the Freedman’s

Bureau and drafted the 14Bureau and drafted the 14thth Amendment Amendment 1414thth Amendment Amendment grants citizenship to “all person’s grants citizenship to “all person’s

born or naturalized in the United States” born or naturalized in the United States” Reconstruction plan:Reconstruction plan:

A.A. Ratify the 14Ratify the 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments AmendmentsB.B. Write new state constitution that guaranteed Write new state constitution that guaranteed

freedmen the right to votefreedmen the right to voteC.C. Form new governments to be elected by all male Form new governments to be elected by all male

citizens including African Americanscitizens including African Americans

Congress drafted the Reconstruction Plan of 1867 Denied state governments formed under the

Lincoln and Johnson plansDivided former Confederate states into 5

military districsThis would force southern states to grant African-

Americans the right to vote and pass the 14th amendment to reenter the union.

Johnson vetoed Congress overrode Johnson’s Presidential Veto

Congress upset with Johnson, look for grounds to impeach him.

Find it after he violates the Tenure of Office Act in 1868 by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office

Senate did not vote to convict so he remains in office

Ulysses S. Grant wins the election by 306,000 votes

Over 500,000 Southern African Americans had voted in which 9/10 voted for Grant

Radical Republicans introduce the 15th Amendment after the election15th Amendment no person can be kept from

voting based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

Scalawags: white Southerners who joined the Republican PartyMainly small farmers wanting to improve their

economic positionCarpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to

the South after the warAfrican Americans

Discontinuity in Southern RepublicansScalawags and white Southerners resisted

equal rights for African Americans

95% of former slaves were illiterateFirst public schools established in the South

by the new African American churchesVoted and held office in local, state, and

federal governmentsMany forced into sharecropping because they

were denied landSharecropping: landowners divided their land

and assigned each head of household a few acres, along with seeds and tools.

Sharecroppers kept a small share of their crops and gave the rest to the landowners

Rise of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).Goal was to destroy the Republican Party,

Reconstruction governments, aid the planter class, and keep Af. Am.’s from engaging in politics

Killed approximately 20,000 men, women & children

Boycotted Af. Am.s who voted RepublicanCongress passed a series of Enforcement Acts in

1870 and 1871 to try and block the KKKSupervision of elections in Southern statesGave President power to use fed. Troops where

KKK was activeMay 1872 Congress passed the Amnesty Act

allowing 150,000 former Confederates the right to vote and hold government offices

Also allowed the Freedman’s Bureau to expire

What do you see (symbols, people, etc.)?

What words are used?

What can you infer from or about the cartoon?

Panic of 1873 after a series of banks fail leads to a 5 year depression

Supreme Court undoes some of the social and political changes Radicals made

Republicans retreat from Reconstruction policiesSouthern Democrats regain control of the SouthElection of 1876

Samuel J. Tilden (D) vs. Rutherford B. Hayes (R)Tilden wins popular vote but misses by 1 electoral

voteS. Democrats agree to accept Hayes if federal

troops are withdrawn from the South