refresher course - nmtt.inflibnet.ac.in

Refresher Course

On

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Environmental Issues:

Emerging Trends in Physical, Biological and Social Sciences

(September 12-25, 2019)

Organized By:

Faculty Development Centre (FDC)

(under the Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching)

HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal)

Uttarakhand - 246174

Refresher Course on Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Environmental Issues: Emerging Trends in Physical

Biological and Social Sciences (September12-25, 2019)

Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University i

ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY

Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University was established as a State University vide U.P.

State Government notification no. (10)/ (865)/15/(75)(85)/64 dated 23 November 1973. The

very establishment of the University has piquant foundation of a powerful popular movement

during early seventies in last century. This movement symbolized the awareness, hopes and

persisting aspirations of the masses of the region of Garhwal for the development through the

instrument of higher education. The people of this remote mountainous region agitated for

establishing a University at a small but historic semi-rural town of Srinagar. It was an

expression of the intense quest for empowering their future generations for overcoming

endemic, economic and social backwardness, geographic and environmental constrains as well

as re-assertion of cultural identity and harnessing of the local natural and human resources for

development. The University has subsequently been upgraded to Central University by an Act

of Parliament i.e. the Central Universities Act 2009. The University has thus been entrusted

with new responsibilities to guide its students, faculty and all other stakeholders to achieve

excellence in academics and strive for all round development of students. Since its inception,

the University has shown commitment towards regional and community development which is

inherent in its teaching courses, research agenda and other outreach and extension initiatives.

The synergy derived from circumstances of its genesis still inspires and promotes its vision for

future. Despite its geographical and environmental constrains and limitations, the university

has registered its presence at the national and international levels for its research and grooming

students for administrative services as well as academics.



Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University ii

From the Director’s Desk

Refresher Course is a second level training program for the teacher who

have already undertaken Induction/Orientation Training. Nowadays,

Refresher Programs are geared across the disciplines to enable the

participants of different fields to work together for the development of

societies in particular and the nations in general. This has been a central

focus of the draft New Education Policy 2019. Faculty Development Centre (FDC) strives to

provide programs that align with the higher education’s core values of excellence, diversity,

inclusion, engagement, respectful environment and integrity. With this objective, a Refresher

Course Program for Faculty Members was held during September 12 to 25, 2019.

We have floated the notification of this Refresher Course on August 25, 2019 on university

website and circulate it among the targeted groups online. The last date of registration was

September 08, 2019. We received 55 applications from Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal

Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir. We found suitable all of them after

scrutiny and sent them acceptance, but out of them 36 came to attend the program and got

benefitted. The remaining participants were not relieved by their institutions due to various

institutional and personal reasons. The program got success to attract participants from various

regions of country in spite of very tough geographical conditions of the university; which gave

us sense of pleasure and satisfaction.

We are happy to state that, the participants were fully satisfied and happy as they learnt about

various contents i.e. the environmental issues related to modern world: global warming, climate

change, energy crisis, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss etc. They have submitted their

views and experience about above said program during the valedictory session of the program.

(Indoo Pandey Khanduri)



Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

Content

S. No. Content Page No.

1. About the University : i

2. From the Director’s Desk : ii

3. Course Schedule : iii- v

4. Organizing Committee : vi

5. Report : 1-59

6. List of Participants : 60-61

7. Newspaper Clippings : 62-67

8. Notification : 68

9. Brochure : 69-70

Refresher Course on Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Environmental Issues: Emerging Trends in Physical Biological and Social Sciences (September12-25, 2019)

Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University iii

Thursday

12.09.2019

09.45-

10.15

Registratio

n

10.15-11.30

Inaugural function

Chief Guest: Mr. Praveen

Thapliyal

Chair: Prof. S. C. Bagri

11.45-01.15

Interaction with

Director

02.00- 3.30

Prof. Prakash Nautiyal

Dept. of Zoology

HNB Garhwal University

03.45-5.15


Dept. of Zoology


Regular Schedule

Day/Date Technical Session I

10.00-11.30 AM

Technical Session II

11.45 AM -01.15 PM

Technical Session III

02.00-3.30 PM

Technical Session IV

03.45-5.15 PM

Friday

13.09.2019

Prof. Y. P. Sundariyal

Dept. Of Geology



Dept. Of Geology


Dr. Veena Chandra

Forest Research Institute

Dehradun

Dr. Veena Chandra


Dehradun

Saturday

14.09.2019

Dr. Kiran Lata Dangwal

University of Lucknow

Lucknow


University of Lucknow

Lucknow

Dr. Rajiv Pandey


Dehradun

Dr. Rajiv Pandey


Dehradun

Sunday

15.09.2019 OFF

Monday

16.09.2019

Dr. Harsh Dobhal

Doon University

Dehradun

Dr. Harsh Dobhal

Doon University

Dehradun

Dr. Rakesh Mishra

NIT, Uttarakhand

Srinagar Garhwal

Dr. Rakesh Mishra

NIT, Uttarakhand

Srinagar Garhwal

Tuesday

17.09.2019

Dr. R. S. Negi

Dept. of Rural Technolgy


Dr. R. S. Negi

Dept. of Rural Technolgy


BREAKFAST: 8:00-9:00 AM; TEA: 11:30-11:45 AM & 3:30-3:45 PM; LUNCH: 01:15 – 02:00 PM

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

Inaugural Day

Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri

Director, FDCGroup Discussion


Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University iv

Day/Date

Technical Session I

10.00-11.30 AM


11.45 AM -01.15 PM


02.00-3.30 PM


03.45-5.15 PM

Wednesday

18.09.2019

Prof. R. C. Sharma

Ex-Head,

Dept. of Environmental Science


Prof. R. C. Sharma

Ex-Head,

Dept. of Environmental Science


Prof. Monika Gupta

Department of English

HNBGU, Srinagar Garhwal

Prof. Monika Gupta

Department of English


Thursday

19.09.2019

Prof. A. R. Nautiyal

HAPPRC



HAPPRC


Prof. S.C. Bagri Prof. S.C. Bagri

Friday

20.09.2019

Evaluative Discussion

Dr. Seema Dhawan

Department of Education


Dr. Seema Dhawan

Department of Education


Prof. R. D. Gaur

Former Head

Department of Botany


Saturday

21.09.2019

Prof. R. D. Gaur

Former Head

Department of Botany


Written Exam

Dr. R. K. Maikhuri

GBPNIHESD

Srinagar Garhwal

Dr. R. K. Maikhuri

GBPNIHESD

Srinagar Garhwal

Sunday

22.09.2019 OFF



Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University v

Day/Date

Technical Session I

10.00-11.30 AM


11.45 AM -01.15 PM


02.00-3.30 PM


03.45-5.15 PM

Monday

23.09.2019

Prof. Vinod Nautiyal

Ex- Head

Dept. of History &

Archaeology HNB Garhwal University


Ex- Head

Dept. of History &

Archaeology HNB Garhwal University

Prof. P. K. Yadava

Former Dean

School of Life Science

JNU

Prof. P. K. Yadava

Former Dean

School of Life Science

JNU

Tuesday

24.09.2019

Prof. Rekha Pandey

University of Hyderabad

Hyderabad

Dr. Suresh Pandey

President, SEED

Hyderabad

Dr. Alok Shrivastava

ICAR-NBAIM

Mau (UP)

Dr. Alok Shrivastava

ICAR-NBAIM

Mau (UP)

Wednesday

25.09.2019

Prof. Rekha Pandey

University of Hyderabad

Hyderabad

Valedictory Function


Director

Faculty Development Centre




ORGANISING COMMITTEE

PATRON

Prof. Annapurna Nautiyal

Vice-Chancellor HNB Garhwal University

Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand

CONVENER


Director Faculty Development Centre


MEMBERS

Dr. Rahul Kunwar Singh

Assistant Director Faculty Development Centre


Dr. Dhananjay Kumar



Dr. Kavita Bhatt Research Associate



Dr. Vijay Prakash Research Associate



Faculty Development Centre (PMMMNMTT), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University vi

REPORT PREPARED BY


Director, Faculty Development Centre


Dr. Kavita Bhatt

Research Associate



Dr. Vijay Prakash

Research Associate



Dr. Dhananjay Kumar



Dr. Rahul Kunwar Singh

Assistant Director



Session REPORT



Faculty Development Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal

1

September 12, 2019

Inaugural session

The inaugural session was started with lamp lighting by dignitaries Shri Praveen Thapaliyal,

Chief Guest, Prof. S. C. Bagri, Chairperson and Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri, the Director,

Faculty Development Centre. Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri narrated the concept note and

contents of the refresher course. She informed that in this course the lectures and discourses

will be delivered by the expert resource persons on the technological, scientific, social,

educational and moral aspects of environment. 36 faculty members from different states of

the country are participating in this refresher course.

Shri Praveen Thapaliyal, the Former Additional Principle Chief Conservator of Forest,

Himachal Pradesh and the chief guest of the session said that the environmental protection

needs practical efforts rather than only theoretical discourses. He further asserted that rather

being disappointed on these issues, we should try to find out the solution through public

participation. Shri Thapliyal said that the environmental problems are becoming more

serious day by day. Despite various legislative provisions and theoretical discourses, the

expected results in the field of environmental protection is not being achieved. He further

added that Uttarakhand itself

has been the working ground

of many noted

environmentalists l ike Shri

Sundar Lal Bahuguna, Shri

Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Anil

Joshi, Gaura Devi, and

Kalyan Singh Rawat. Despite this the state as well as the nation are encountering new

challenges in this fields.




2

While presiding over the session, Prof. S. C. Bagri, Officiating Vice Chancellor of HNB

Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal and former Vice Chancellor of Himgiri Zee

University, Dehradun, said that in the present scenario, a foresight and long-term vision is

necessary for the

effective and

sustainable

implementation

of environmental

policies and

plans. He further

said that the

assessment of

expected adverse impacts must be undertaken before implementing the environmental

policies for sustainable development. The session was coordinated by Dr. Vijay Prakash

Bhatt, Research Associate of the Centre.




3

Session II

Interaction with Director

The session was chaired by Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri, Director FDC. All of the

participants expressed their expectations from the program. They told that this kind of

Refresher Program was awaited from a long past and they came to attend the program with

desired objectives. As they told that they want to learn a lot about various aspects of

Environmental issues and approaches to address them during the program.




4

Session III


Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Aquatic Biodiversity in Indian Highlands

Prof. Prakash Nautiyal started his lecture by framing the outlines said that he will focus on

definition of biodiversity, features and importance of aquatic biodiversity, global patterns

of aquatic biodiversity distribution exemplified by the diatoms and various species etc. in

his lecture. He highlighted the importance of biodiversity and lessons in Indian geography

and geology dividing three highlands as Himalaya, Plains and Plateau areas. He further

explained several basic important facts related to similarities like geographical distribution

and diversity of fishes, great significance is attached to the occurrence of same species on

two distinct landmasses. Prof. Nautiyal further presented features of highlands like length,

altitude, area, limits, location, alignment and climate. He highlighted features and

importance of freshwater biodiversity and specialized biodiversity elements, aquatic

biodiversity (distribution and general patterns) highlighting Chenab, Rimbi Khola-Teesta

and Lohit rivers. Prof. Nautiyal elaborated upon the macro-invertebrate composition in the

Himalaya, Central Highlands and Western Ghats. He said that macro-invertebrate (native

families) are currently at risk in the Himalayan region. He presented Hydropower as threats

to Aquatic Biodiversity. The session was concluded with interaction, question, queries and

their answers by Prof. Nautiyal.




5

Session IV


Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology

HNB Garhwal Unversity, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Biodiversity as Drivers of E-Flows

Prof. Prakash Nautiyal started this lecture with the factual analysis of region wise Hydro-

Potential of India. He highlighted the eastern, western, northern, southern and north eastern

regions with mapping. Prof. Nautiyal focused upon ecosystem services like food, raw

materials, freshwater and medicinal resources from various entities of ecosystem. He also

elaborated the pollination, cultural, spiritual, habitat or supporting services and maintenance

of genetic diversity etc. with the help of diagrams. He defined ‘Environmental Flows’ in an

interesting manner. He emphasized that the continuous flow is required for the maintenance

of the ecological integrity of the rivers and their associated ecosystems, and of the goods

and services provided by them. He further stated that ‘Environmental flow’ may be defined

as the quality and quantity of the water considered sufficient for protecting the structure and

function of an ecosystem and its dependent species. This means enough water must be left

in our rivers to ensure downstream environmental, social and economic benefits. Prof.

Nautiyal said that it is important to recognise the different types of flow regimes in perennial

rivers. The session came to a close with question and quarries by participants and Prof.

Nautiyal satisfied them well.




6

September 13, 2019

Session I


Department of Geology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)

Topic of the Lecture: Earth and environment

Prof. Y.P. Sundriyal started his lecture with the statement that Earth Science is central to all

human activities. He said that almost all our daily activities are connected to Earth: to its

land, oceans, atmosphere, plants, and animals. The food we eat, the water we drink, our

homes and offices, the clothes we wear, the energy we use, and the air we breathe are all

grown in, taken from, surround, or move through the planet. He elaborated the different

parts of geosphere like atmosphere, anthroposphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere

etc. highlighting layers of atmospheres like tropopause, thermosphere, mesopause and

stratosphere etc. He said ‘Earth Atmosphere’ has a series of layers, each with its own

specific qualities. Moving upward from ground level, these layers are named as troposphere,

stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The exosphere gradually

disappears into the realm of interplanetary space. The ‘Troposphere’ is the lowest layer of

our atmosphere. Starting at ground level, it extends upward up to about 10 km above sea

level. We Humans live in the troposphere, and nearly all-weather changes occur due to

changes in this lowest layer. Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder, as one climbs

higher in the troposphere. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere up to

about 50 km above the ground. Ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Unlike the

troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher we go. Prof. Sundariyal

further presented a brief account of Earth’s interior layers, plate movement, the world of

rocks and minerals etc. he highlighted the importance of study of earth science in present

scenario and the issues are natural hazards, depleting natural resources, water crisis and

global warming and climate Change.

Prof. Sundariyal emphasized the natural hazards like volcano and earthquake etc. He

concluded his lecture with the details of natural process of origin of various species in

Himalayan region.




7

Session II

Prof. Y. P. Sundriyal

Department of Geology, HNB Garhwal University

Topic of the Lecture: Climate induced disaster in Himalaya with Special reference of

Uttarakhand

Prof. Y.P. Sundriyal started his lecture with the statement that Himalaya is a resultant of

typical continent-continent collision. The upliftment process of peaks is still continue. There

are numerous thrusts and faults in the Himalaya, along which the movement activity is

going on. He further highlighted Continent-Continent Convergence. Prof. Sundriyal

emphasized the facts related to Himalaya giving classical example of continent-continent

collision. He said that the N-S compression gave rise to four major terrain boundary thrusts,

these are from North to South: THF, MCT, MBT and HFT and, activity along MCT is

considered to be most frequent and intense. He clarified the major qualities of Trans-

Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya and Shivalik ranges. He further stated that

maximum horizontal compression along the MCT gave rise to high relief which forms the

orographic barrier for the Indian summer monsoon also known as the southern mountain

front. Prof. Sundriyal further gave a brief introduction of some Highest Peaks of the

Himalayas with its country wise location. He clarified that a thick ice mass that originates

on land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is called

‘Glacier’. It is an agent of weathering, erosion, and deposition – acquire, transport and

deposit sediment occupying 10% of land area and it interrupts ‘hydrologic cycle’ by

‘locking up’ water. Valley (alpine) and Continent (Greenland, Antarctica) are the major

types of ‘Glaciers’. Prof. Sundriyal said that flash floods are usually caused by high

intensity focused rainfall in areas of orographic barriers, particularly in river valleys that

are located in the south of the tectonically active Main Central Thrust (MCT) where the hill

slope threshold is precariously balanced in Uttarakhand Himalaya. Slope instability caused

due to increased pore water pressure on steep slopes in the south of the MCT led to the

obstruction of the stream courses according to Rana et al., 2013. However, breaching of

such obstruction results in a highly peaked flood hydrograph carrying voluminous sediment

downstream according to Carling, 2013.




8

He elaborated the major events of climate induced disasters in the river valleys of

Uttarakhand. Prof. Sundriyal described the well recorded floods in Uttarakhand Himalaya

including the disaster of Kedarnath in 2013. He illustrated these tragedies with several

pictures and slides and suggested several ideas as precautional activities to protect the lives

during disasters. He suggested that basin wise action plan and integrated-focused approach

are needed to minimize the loss during the disaster and rehabilitation afterwards. It is also

necessary to generate the data to predict a disaster rather than a post-mortem. He further

said that Geoscientists must also contribute as planners and hot spot should be identified

and then detail geological mapping may help in future planning. It was very good interactive

session, the participants raised several questions which was answered by Prof. Sundriyal.




9

Session III

Prof. Veena Chandra,

Former Scientist, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Ecosystem Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation

Prof. Chandra delivered her first lecture on the topic ‘Ecosystem Restoration and

Biodiversity Conservation’. She started her lecture introducing the audience with various

basic concepts of Ecosystem and Biodiversity. She defined the Ecosystem as a dynamic

entity composed of a biological community and its associated environment. Stressing upon

the need for forest restoration, Dr. Chandra described the interrelationships of biodiversity

and ecosystem functioning. She elaborated on the basic theme and steps of ecosystem

restoration and also discussed the various factors affecting restoration practices. In her

lecture, she also talked about the essential roles of microorganisms and suggested that

microbes should also be taken into consideration during designing the scheme for

ecosystem restoration. Afterwards, Dr. Chandra described the various ways of biodiversity

conservation. She differentiated between ex-situ and in-situ mode of biodiversity

conservation. During her deliberation, Dr. Chandra also emphasized on the importance of

NGOs, Forest Departments, Rural Tribal Departments, and local communities in the

conservation of biodiversity of forest systems. Dr. Chandra emphasized upon the threat to

exotic species during forest restoration research. In conclusion, her lecture was very

informative and helpful for young researchers. The method used for delivery of the

presentation was the PowerPoint Assisted Lecture. The quality of the PPT slides was quite

good. During the talk, there were several occasions when participants interacted with Dr.

Chandra. The interactions were healthy, positive and informative.




10

Session IV

Prof. Veena Chandra,

Former Scientist, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Role of Ethnobotany in Ecosystem Restoration of Mining Areas

The second lecture of Professor Chandra was focused on the role of Ethnobotany in

ecosystem restoration of

mining areas. She started

her lecture by defining

some key terminologies

like Reforestation, Flora,

Fauna, Air Pollution,

Noise Pollution, Water

Pollution, and

Bioremediation.

Subsequently, she discussed the three important rationales behind restoration: Timber,

Fodder, and Fuel Wood. Dr. Chandra emphasized on the participatory and learning-based

approaches to attain the target of ecosystem restoration. The importance of the collection of

germplasms of endemic plant species was appropriately highlighted in her lecture. The

significance of microbial systems in restoring the fertility of mining lands was discussed.

Dr. Chandra shared her own experiences of reforestation of mining areas in Jharkhand and

Orissa. She suggested the names of several plant species that can be useful in restoring soil

fertility. She mentioned the importance of N2-fixing organisms in the restoration of

disturbed lands. She further added that soil conditioning is an essential aspect for growing

the higher plants including trees and medicinal plants. According to Dr. Chandra, growing

exotic species on disturbed land is a bad practice and such things should be avoided in order

to protect the natural harmony of ecosystem functioning of any area. Dr. Chandra

accentuated the importance of local tribal communities in the forest restoration and stressed

that indigenous knowledge of these communities must be preserved. Similar to the

preceding session, participants also raised several queries in the second session of Dr.

Chandra. She addressed the queries of each participant delightfully.




11

September 14, 2019

Session I


Department of Education, University of Lucknow, Lucknow

Topic of the Lecture: Green Computing

Dr. Kiran Lata Dangwal introduced the word ‘Green computing’ in the very beginning of

her lecture. She said that it is the responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and related

resources. It may be defined as the study of designing, engineering, manufacturing, using

and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduce their environmental impact. Green

computing is also known as Green Information Technology. It is an emerging area and very

much related to other similar practices like reducing the use of environmentally hazardous

materials like CFCs, promoting the use of recyclable materials, minimizing the use of non-

biodegradable components and encouraging the use of sustainable resources. Dr. Dangwal

stressed upon the problems related to electronic wastage which is increasing day by day and

she said that it is a big problem and because of this, dangerous effects gradually showed up

towards the environment and to the human being.

Dr. Dangwal, in this reference, stated that the earliest initiative as a solution of electronic

wastage was taken by United States which is named as Energy Star. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) 1992, launched energy star to promote and recognize the energy

efficiency in all kind of hardware, climate control equipment and other technologies.

Similar programs have been implemented in Europe and Asia. The Sleep mode is then

adopted among consumer electronics. After the Energy Star programme began, the term

‘Green Computing’ was invented.

Dr. Dangwal focused upon the several paths to achieve green computing, as Green use,

green disposal, green design and green manufacturing. She said that green use is the use of

computers and other technologies in an eco-friendly manner such as reduce the energy

consumption. Green disposal is the recycle of the unwanted electronic devices properly.

Old computers are also encouraged to be reuse and refurbished. Green design is to design

the energy efficient and eco-friendly components and other equipment. Green

manufacturing is to manufacture electronic devices and other subsystems with minimal

impact on the environment.




12

Dr Dangwal summed up her lecture with the sentence that Environment is not a renewable

resource and we have to protect our environment. When people will start realizing this, they

will do their part to protect the environment. Therefore, green computing is an innovative

idea to keep our environment clean and safe. The session was concluded with the questions

and quarries by participants. Dr. Dangwal satisfied them well with related answers.

Session II


Department of Education, University of Lucknow, Lucknow

Topic of the Lecture: Role of Technology in Enhancing Environmental Awareness

Dr. Kiran Lata Dangwal started this lecture with briefing climate change, hurricanes,

tornados, global warming, melting of icebergs, aridity, floods, greenhouse effect, acid rain,

extinction of flora varieties and fauna species, constitute recurrent terms in our vocabulary

during the last decades. She said that these environmental issues have serious consequences

on human health. Chemical, physical and biological hazards in the environment may lead

to serious health problems. Many types of cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and

reproductive problems, leading to morbidity or even mortality are the results of

environmental pollution.

She further explained that if the current situation couldn’t be improved, serious outcomes

will happen. There is need to make the generations aware towards the conservation of nature




13

and protect the environment. Attempts are being made in this direction through various

means. There is rapid growth in the use of technological means to make life easy and

comfortable. In the blind race of technological developments, somewhere the

environmental issues are being neglected or we can say that we are ignoring our mother

nature. Technology is a double-edged sword- capable both of doing and undoing damage

to environment. Having dirtying the earth more than a century, technology is now showing

promise in environmental clean-up. Technology itself has various ways and means to

conserve the environment or make people aware in this direction.

Dr. Dangwal said that as a tool for research and commutation about the environment, the

internet appears to hold much promise. Via the Internet, people have an instant, cost free

and unlimited access to a great number of environmental documentaries or professional and

amateur videos regarding nature and its protection. Blogs, Wikis, Forums and educational

portals, on the one hand give access to a vast amount of information regarding the planets

and its protection, without any consumption of paper and ink, and on the other hand, provide

a virtual space of communication and exchanging of information and ideas, without the

burden of travelling. Virtual environments and e-museums are an attractive alternative for

the enhancement of the environmental awareness, as the user has the opportunity to navigate

and sometimes interact with the presented environment. E-Learning: is an effective way

for organizations and academic institutes to reduce their carbon footprint, with the

elimination of face-to-face presence as well as the paper and ink usage.

Dr. Dangwal further stated that governments and related institutes need to invest on

environmental education and promote the use of green technologies to help improving the

situation. The role of the digital media is crucial in environmental awareness and the

establishment of a more eco-friendly way of living. In fact, they have a double influence.

Firstly, they constitute a flexible environment in order to decompose and explain a complex

issue via different types of information, text, pictures, multimedia presentation, virtual

simulations, smart technologies that assist individuals in monitoring their resource use.

Secondly, they promote and facilitate the adoption of the ecological philosophy, as they

contribute to eco-tourism, to reduction of fuel, and minimize paper and ink consumption.

Dr. Kiran summed up the lecture with the words that since digital media are being used

widely by young people, new educational material should be created by universities and

governmental organizations in order to meet the updated needs of information concerning




14

environmental issues. The session was ended with a warm interaction and question-answer

round.

Session III

Dr. Rajiv Pandey

Scientist G, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Climate Change a Simplistic Account

Dr. Pandey delivered his first lecture on climate change and tried to provide simplistic

accounts of the concepts and major challenges of global warming. Dr. Pandey started his

deliberation by defining common terms like weather, climate, climate variability, etc and

afterward he asserted that climate change is defined as altered pattern noticed at least based

on climate data analysis of >30 years. Dr. Pandey also suitably discussed the conceptual

validity of ‘Global Cooling’ phenomenon in contrast of ‘Global Warming'. He highlighted

the major concerns of global warming and out of its various adverse impacts, elaborated

upon the decrease of agricultural productivity. Dr. Pandey illustrated Solar Activity, Earth

Movement, Volcanic Activity, Surface reflectivity, Aersol Concentration, Solar Variability,

GHG emission by anthropogenic activity as causes of global warming and climate change.

He described the role of GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O, fluorinated gases) emission and provided

the concentration and a contributing share of different GHGs in global temperature increase.

He also explained the mechanisms of temperature increase and asserted that elevated level

of CO2 in atmosphere because of rapid industrialization is the main accountable reason of

global warming. He mentioned that as per an estimate provided by the Mauna Loa




15

Observatory, Hawaii, the present level of CO2 in the air is 409.5 ppm. If we do not take

appropriate measures to curtail our carbon emission, it may attain the level as high as 750

ppm in upcoming decades. The talk of Dr. Pandey engaged the participants and induced an

ardent response, leading to a very interactive and energetic question-answer session. The

lecture was completed with a formal vote of thanks delivered by Dr. Vijay Bhatt, wherein

he expressed his gratitude to Dr. Pandey and the participants for their patience listening.

Session IV

Dr. Rajiv Pandey

Scientist G, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Climate Change: Mitigation Strategies

The second lecture of Dr. Pandey was focused on discussing mitigation strategies,

adaptation, biofuels and carbon credits. During his deliberation, he elaborated that there are

various ways such as Forest conservation and plantation, construction of green building,

devising energy efficient devices, generating renewable energy sources (i.e. Solar Energy,

Hydro Power, Biofuels), integrated public transport, climate smart agriculture, waste

management, geo-engineering, life style change, etc, that can help us in curtailing the

carbon emission. Subsequently, Dr. Pandey also described the concept of adaptation in the

light of vulnerability and exposure reduction, and incremental and transformational

adaptation. Afterward, he highlighted the similarities and differences of mitigation and

adaptation by listing their attributes and approaches. According to him, integration of




16

adaptation and mitigation could be a very useful tactic in meeting out the target of reducing

carbon emission. However, Dr. Pandey also elaborated the barriers of integration of these

two approaches that need to be resolved by doing extensive research and efforts for the

same. During the deliberation, he also provided the details of IPCC activities going on to

address the issue of Global Environmental Changes at the international and

intergovernmental levels. Similar to the preceding session, this talk was also very

informative and participants reflected their keen interest in the subject by asking several

queries. Dr. Pandey addressed queries of each participant delightfully.




17

September 15, 2019

Sunday Off




18

September 16, 2019

Session I

Prof. Harsh Dobhal

Visiting Professor, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Environment, Technology and Development: Contentious Issues

Prof. Hasrsh Dobhal started his lecture with the definition of Environmental Science. He

said that we can’t define it in a not-static manner; so we can’t defined it in a physical

measurement and research etc. as there are merely the scientific parts. The way, people

understand environment as part of their livelihood, lifestyle is the social science parts of

environmental science. We may also ask what understanding do ordinary people have of

links between their livelihood and environment?

Prof. Dobhal quoted Ramchandra Guha’s book ‘Unquiet Woods’ which clearly mentioned

that Chipko was a movement for traditional rights. He further explained that colonial

masters grabbed the local forests and blamed local people for deforestation. And, the forest

managers and bureaucrats to decide about commercial felling. After the discussion on the

above points Prof. Dobhal elaborated upon manipulated science for forestry science.




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Session II

Prof. Harsh Dobhal

Visiting Professor, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Topic: Global Climate Change

Identifiable change in the climate of earth as a whole that lasts for an extended period of

time (decades or longer); Prof. Harsh Dobhal stated in the beginning of his lecture. When

due to natural processes, it is usually referred to as global climate variability. He said that

it usually refers to changes forced by human activities that change the atmosphere. Prof.

Harsh Dobhal explained the changes in the atmosphere, natural processes, volcanoes,

tectonic plate movement, changes in the sun and human activities related to releasing the

‘greenhouse gases’ into the atmosphere; what causes climate change. He highlighted the

risks of future climate change as possible threats like ecosystem change, flooding of coastal

communities, spread of diseases and increase of extreme weather events. He elaborated the

changes related to glaciers like Gangottari and Dokrani in Bhageerathi valley through

various slides. He further illustrated the threatened ecology. He said that some 3000 species

are either extinct or under severe threats. Prof. Dobhal further clarified monoculture,

changing land-use and climatic regime .




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Session III

Dr. Rakesh K. Mishra

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal)

Topic of the Lecture: Finding Chemistry Connections of Environmental Challenges

Dr. Mishra delivered his first lecture on the topic ‘Finding Chemistry Connections of

Environmental Challenges’. Dr. Mishra traced the trajectory of Chemistry as a ‘Central

Science’ working behind the every kind of natural activities taking place on the Earth. He

introduced audience first to the various fields of Chemistry, such as, Astrochemistry,

Atmospheric Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, which directly or indirectly involve in

exploring the interrelationships of environment and chemistry. After preparing a suitable

background, he further drew the connections of various chemicals, particularly of gases,

with global temperature increase and ‘Climate Change’ as the set of its subsequent

consequences. Dr. Mishra talked about the problem of plastic wastes and also warranted the

risks associated with the burning of these waste materials. Upon burning, plastic wastes

release a lot of toxic chemicals like dioxins which are extremely hazardous to the humans.

Dioxins are basically chlorinated compounds that are formed during the burning of pulp

and papers. Dioxins are also produced during cigarette smoking. And perhaps because of

their presence, smoking has been identified as one of the key reason resulting Lung cancer

in habitual persons. The hazardous nature of CH4, N2O, HFCs, CFCs, PFCs and variety of

other chemical compounds, particularly of pesticides, was also described in detail during

the presentation. Dr. Mishra also discussed the adverse effects of dyes, having ammonia

and its derivatives, on the human health. The risks associated with preservatives used for

increasing the shelf life of packed food materials was also described and explained to the

participants. Dr. Mishra also raised his concern for prolonged use of Teflon coated utensils.

Afterward, he discussed the various side effects of free radicals in terms of the aging, gene

damage, lipid peroxidation and cancer. He asserted that the reuse of the cooked oil could be

a major source of free radicals in our body. He further described the adulteration of spices,

vegetables and food materials which is being done by adding toxic chemicals like lead

chromate, synthetic colours and resins for marginal profits. The talk of Dr. Mishra engaged

the participants and evoked a passionate response, leading to a very interactive and vibrant

question-answer session.




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Session IV

Dr. Rakesh K. Mishra

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal)

Topic of the Lecture: Role of the Advanced Materials in Finding out the Solution of

the Environmental Issues

The second talk of Dr. Mishra was focused on the role of the advanced materials in finding

out the solution of the environmental issues. He familiarized the audience first with the

concept of advanced materials and thereafter shifted towards explaining the technological

advantages of engineered nanomaterials. Dr. Mishra also discussed the key steps of

synthesizing various novel materials that can be useful in developing sensors for testing and

estimating the level of toxic substances in the collected samples. The recent advancements

in the area of precise estimation of metal ions and other toxic contaminants in drinking

water were also illustrated during the deliberation. Dr. Mishra aptly shared the technicality

of some of his research work done so far in devising covalent organic Nano sheets and

supramolecular organic frameworks. Similar to the preceding session, this talk was also

very informative and participants reflected their keen interest in the subject by asking

several queries. Dr. Mishra addressed queries of each participant delightfully. The lecture

concluded with a formal vote of thanks delivered by Dr. Kavita Bhatt, wherein she

expressed her appreciation to Dr. Mishra.




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September 17, 2019

Session I

Dr. Rajendra Singh Negi

Associate Professor and Head, Department of Rural Technology

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (G), Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: International Initiatives on Global Climate Change and Its

Impact (Part I)

Dr. Rajendra Singh Negi started the lecture with the brief introduction of weather and

climate. He said that the definitions of these things have been changed in present scenario.

He shifted towards the major factors of climate change; as he said that climate change means

change of climate which is attribute directly and indirectly human activities that alters the

composition of global atmosphere. Climate system means the totality of the atmosphere,

hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions. He said that Emissions means

the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere. He explained

‘Reservoir’, ‘Slink’ and ‘Source’ one by one as component/components of the climate

system where a greenhouse gas or a precursor of a greenhouse has is stored; any

process/activity/mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas and process or activity which

release a greenhouse gas respectively.

Dr. Negi explained the various reasons of climate change with categorization into ‘Natural’

and ‘Anthropogenic’. Ocean, land, volcano, solar activity etc. are the natural and the

activities to release green-house gases are the anthropogenic. He elaborated Water Vapor,

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Tropospheric Ozone, Nitrous Oxide and CFC one by one.




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Session II

Dr. Rajendra Singh Negi

Associate Professor and Head, Department of Rural Technology

HNB Garhwal UNiveristy, Srinagar (G), Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: International Initiatives on Global Climate Change and Its

Impact (Part II)

Dr. R.S. Negi continued his previous lecture during this session. He started to elaborate

upon earth’s carbon cycle, human impact on carbon cycle and natural and amplified

warming. He said that global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG)

increased markedly as a result of human activities, with an increase of 70% in 1970-2004

and U.S. emissions have risen by 14.7% in 1990-2006. He further focused to analyze the

evidence of climate change. Dr. Negi made and attempt to emphasize the international

efforts against climate change. These were initiated by World Meteorological Organization

(WMO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), open to all member

governments of the UN and WMO in 1988 and the complete reports were presented in 1990,

1995, 2001, 2007. He quoted the IPCC web pages and said, “The role of the IPCC is to

assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical

and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of

human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and

mitigation.”

He further explained that every 5-6 years, over 1000 scientists from more than 100 nations

assess the published scientific literature documenting the state of scientific knowledge

related to climate change issues. The IPCC reports are ratified by the 180 member nations.

NOAA GFDL has been a prime player in the 4 major assessment reports, including the

IPCC 4th Assessment Report (AR4) published in early 2007. AR5 to be released in 2014.

He said that COP 3 took place in December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. After intensive

negotiations, it adopted the Kyoto Protocol, which outlined the greenhouse gas emissions,

reduction obligation for the countries, along with what came to be known as Kyoto

mechanisms such as emissions trading, clean development mechanism and joint

implementation. Most industrialized countries and some central European economies in

transition agreed to legally binding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of an average

of 6 to 8 % below 1990 levels between the years 2008-2012, defined as the firs emission




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budget period. The United States would be required to reduce its total emissions an average

of 7% below 1990 levels; however Congress did not ratify the treaty after Clinton signed it.

The Bush administration explicitly rejected the protocol in 2001. He further highlighted the

climate change conventions at the end of his lecture. The participants put up several

questions and Dr. Negi satisfied them well with his answers.

Session III


Professor and Head, Department of Philosophy

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttar Pradesh

Topic of the Lecture: Education for sustainable Development

Prof. Indoo Pandey Kahanduri initiated her lecture by highlighting the need of education

for sustainable development. She narrated the facts that firstly India has been ranked 143rd

out of 188 countries in the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Secondly, India

ranks 130th in Human Development Index report, New Delhi released on 14 September

2018 and thirdly India climbed one spot to 130 out of 189 countries in the latest human

development rankings by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and lastly,

but most importantly, India ranks 140 on Happiness Index out of 155 countries in 2019 [20

April World Happiness day] by UN. The deteriorating position of India at global level

intensively demands devising education system for sustainable development. The

Education aims at acquiring and enhancing knowledge, which Plato opines that it is in the

mind of human being and needs to be used as per reality of the external world. Since, here




25

the reference is sustainable development, thus the education has to have content and method

and objectives. She provided a brief account of global initiatives for sustainable

development along with it seventeen dimensions. She stated that the simple meaning of

sustainable development is ‘the needs of the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own needs.’ ESD promotes the development of knowledge,

skills, understanding, values, and action required to create sustainable world which ensures

environmental protection and conversation, which promotes social equality and encourages

economic sustainability. It has two dimensions as facts and values. She said that ‘fact’

means ‘what is’ and ‘value’ is ‘what should be’. Prof. Khanduri illustrated the meaning and

application of values. She explained that education for sustainable development should have

four fold approaches incorporating; Teaching, Motivation, Awareness, Action. She also

presented Indian educational models for sustainable development such as; 2008 Sunderban

04 Model School, 2010 Chhattish Garh and Madhya Pradesh, 2013 Assam, DIET and

School Board, 2005 onwards EVS was made compulsory subject from School to Higher

level Education. She made it clear that education for sustainable development should be

focused on four pillars like poverty eradication, sustainable resource development, social

inclusion and good governance. Prof. Khanduri also highlighted the movements of

Uttarakhand like Maiti Andolan, Chipko Andolan and Raksha-Sutra Movement. She

concluded her lecture by narrating the educational objectives focused on people, planet,

peace, prosperity and partnership.




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Session IV

Group Discussion

The participants were divided in six groups and assigned the task of writing their opinion

on particular theme and deliver a talk based on it. The Group wise themes were as below:

Group 1: Alternative/ Conventional Energy Sources

Group 2: Literature and Environmental Issues

Group 3: Socio-Economic Aspects of Environmental Issues

Group 4: Climate Change

Group 5: Sustainable Livelihood

Group 6: Bio remediation

all the members of group discussed their ideas on the given theme and the conclusion was

presented in the form of a talk by the group leader. The session was very innovative and

interactive. The participants were happy to share their views. It created a thought provoking

environment for all.




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September 18, 2019

Session I

Prof. R. C. Sharma

Ex-Head, Dept. of Environmental Science, HNB Garhwal University

Topic of the Lecture: Freshwater Resources of the Indian Himalaya: Status, Problem

and Management (Part I)

Prof. R.C. Sharma began the lecture by defining ‘Freshwater’. He said that most of the earth

is covered with water but only 1% water is able to drink. Rest of the quantity is in form of

Glaciers and Salty Ocean. The problem of freshwater is a major one and it is assumed that

the third world war will happen due to water. Most of the water is being supplied from the

glaciers of Himalaya and it provides life and livelihood to India. We are not aware about

the saving of water that’s why we are wasting a lot of water on rubbish activities.

Prof. Sharma said that we should focus upon the wise use of the resources. He added that

water saving strategies are based on environmental changes. He asserted that sustainability

is about balancing the fulfilment of human needs with the protection of the natural

environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the future. He

mentioned that after the industrial revolution, high rate of consumption than production

resulted in high degree of the burden on the natural resources. Explaining the concept of

sustainable development, Prof. Sharma revealed that over consumption of resources for

developmental purposes and increasing need of massive human population have originated

the debate for conservation and preservation of the resource base. On global level the report

of Brundtland Commission “Our Common Future” resulted in the concept of sustainable

development to protect our long term existence.




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II Session

Prof. R. C. Sharma

Ex-Head, Dept. of Environmental Science


Topic of the Lecture: Freshwater Resources of the Indian Himalaya: Status, Problem

and Management (Part II)

Prof. Sharma shifted to elaborate upon the elements of sustainability as social,

environmental, economic, cultural and political concerns. He explained that sustainable

development advocates the need for respect and care of society, quality of human life and

conservation of biodiversity as its core principles. Talking about the awareness about the

conservation of resources in Garhwal Region, Prof. Sharma stated that the people of this

region were always aware about the environmental issues as the respect for the environment

was passed by the generations in their livelihood pattern and traditional rituals. He cited the

examples of Chipko Movement, Maiti Movement etc. which sows the dedication of people

towards environmental conservation.

Prof. Sharma said that plantation is the foremost solution to save the water. He also said

that we should save water using appropriate mechanism during daily habits and avoid the

habits to waste the water in a foolish manner. The session was concluded with a warm

interaction in form of question-answer.




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Session III

Prof. Monika Gupta

Department of English, Modern European and Other Foreign Languages

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)

Topic of the Lecture: Environmental concerns in Indian Writings in English

Prof. Monika Gupta started her lecture by defining ‘literature’ and asserted that literature is

the art for art’s sake and it mirrors

the contemporary society. Defining

the environment, Prof. Gupta said

that in its most literal sense

environment means surroundings.

(Physical/ Chemical/ Natural

forces). Everything that is around

us including circumstances,

objects, conditions and even air,

water, land on which life flourishes

is environment. She further said

that environment is also referred as

atmosphere, climate, settings,

surroundings, habitat, nature etc.

Discussing about the relationship

between environment and literature, Prof. Gupta mentioned that in United States citing

nature in literature is known as “Ecocriticism” and it focuses on the celebration of ‘Nature’

while the same in United Kingdom is referred as “Green Studies” and it focuses on the

threats or dangers of ‘Nature’. She further described the shades of nature and culture in

literature and explained that the nature prevails in literature mostly in four areas including

wilderness (desserts, oceans, uninhabited continents), the scenic sublime (forests, lakes,

mountains, cliffs, waterfalls), the countryside (hills ,fields , woods) and the fourth area is

domestic picturesque (parks, gardens, lanes). As we move mentally through these areas, we

move from pure nature at first to what is predominantly culture in the fourth.




30

Later on, she explained the role of Eco-critics and asserted that an eco-critic look at the

natural world differently, s/he switches critical attention from inner to outer world, rejects

the belief that everything is socially or linguistically constructed, believes that Nature really

exists beyond ourselves, but is with us and affects us (perhaps fatally if we mistreat it). She

explained it by narrating the meaning of ‘Daffodils’ a poem by William Wordsworth.

Session IV

Prof. Monika Gupta

Department of English, Modern European and Other Foreign Languages

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)

Topic of the Lecture: Ecocriticism in Indian Prose

In this session Prof. Gupta started the journey of ecocriticism in Indian Prose with the

famous writings of Rabindranath Tagore including “The Tame Bird was in a Cage” (The

caged bird has even forgotten how to sing ) and “I plucked you Flower” (The human feel

that plucking flowers is their own right. Nature is not a silent spectator. One day it will

react. It would not be just a thorn-prick but can be a mighty Tsunami. The human should be

careful about this) followed by citing the A. K. Ramanujan’s “A River” (Man’s selfish use

of river by obstructing its natural flow i.e. making dams, throwing garbage etc.). She also

provided insight to ecocriticism in “Kanthapura” a fiction by Raja Rao as one of the most

prominent writers of Indian English novels. His depiction of the South Indian village

culture and environmental setting is a true depiction of a relationship between man and

nature. She further said that ecocriticism was also prominent in works of R.K. Narayan and

his books “The Guide” and “Malgudi Days” show the treatment of landscape as important

theme. The flowing Sarayu, the ruined temple and the stone slabs influence Raju in “The

Guide” and contribute to his sainthood. Similarly, Kamala Markandaya in “Nectar in a

Sieve” (1954) presented nature as a destroyer and preserver of life and Bhabani

Bhattacharya in his famous work “So Many Hungers” (1943) describes Man’s dependence

on nature and how nature hits back when it is threatened.

Talking about the environmental concerns of contemporary Indian writers, Prof. Gupta

mentioned “The God of Small Things” by Arundhati Roy which is a perfect portrayal of




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exploitation of nature by human being. Her concern in the novel is water pollution of the

river Meenachal; and in “The Inheritance of Loss” Kiran Desai depicts how Kanchanjungha

is paid for the brutality of Nepali insurgency. The beauty, serenity, calm and quiet

atmosphere stands totally destroyed. She also cited the example of “The Hungry Tide” by

Amitav Ghosh that takes us to the Sunderbans which abounds in animals and these animals

also influence the lives of the inhabitants. She also described the mentions of nature in the

writings of Ruskin Bond, Jhumpa Lahiri and Arvind Adiga.




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September 19, 2019

Session I


Director, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal

Topic of the Lecture: Conservation of plant biodiversity – a community based

approach

Prof. A R Nautiyal started his lecture by introducing high altitude plants’ species of

Himalayan region species. He further explained the diversity and habitats of plants. He said

that the sum of all the living organisms in a given area called ‘Biodiversity’; which is the

variety and variability of life on Earth. It is typically a measure of variation at the genetic,

species, and ecosystem level. He further said that terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater

near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity.

Everyone differs from others in their DNA to some degree; so there is genetic diversity

present in all species and population. Prof. Nautiyal further defined ‘Genetic Diversity’

which provides the raw material for evolution - survival of the fittest. Entities get more

flexibility to adapt to environmental changes as more genetic diversity. Habitat

alteration/degradation, invasive species, overharvesting/overexploitation, pollution and

climate change.

Prof. Nautiyal said that the Tropical countries are losing millions of plants annually. He

emphasized the themes like protected areas, species protection and recovery measures,

restoration, payments and markets for biodiversity and ecosystem services, consider

biodiversity in agriculture and forestry one by one. Prof. Nautiyal put up several arguments

advocating the rights of local communities on forest cover area. He said that the rights will

increase coordination with the help of public awareness and education. It will also enhance

capacity for assessing the consequences of ecosystem change, increased integration of

sectoral responses elimination of subsides, sustainable intensification of agriculture,

addressing unsustainable consumption patterns, lowing global growth of nutrient loading,

correction of market failures, integration of biodiversity conservation and development,

increased accountability of performance in decisions, scientific data need to be made

available to all sectors of society.




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Session II


Director, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre


Topic of the Lecture: Conservation of Plant Biodiversity – a Community-Based

Approach…continued

Prof. Nautiyal, while continuing the previous lecture, introduced Conservation Biology. He

said that branch of biology devoted to understanding of the factors, forces, and processes,

influence, loss, protection, and restoration of biological diversity is conservation Biology.

Prof. Nautiyal explained that the various ecosystems provide us clean air, fresh water,

buffering systems against floods and drought, reservoirs of genetic variation and variety of

natural products. He said that Himalaya is treasure of biological resources. He explained

the major habitats of flora and fauna, several endemic species, unique ecosystems etc. Prof

A. R. Nautiyal focused to explain the diversity of habitats and the plants, unique habitats

and microhabitats highlighting species diversity. He said that Himalaya is the treasure of

medicinal plants but these days the overexploitation of these species is very harmful and it

is an alarming situation. It is leading to loss of biodiversity. We need conservation strategies

to link conservation. It is necessary to promot the traditional farming. The harmful activities

leading to loss of biodiversity, training at Alpine research station, Tungnath. training centre

at Pothivasa field station, Devising Strategy for Cultivation in farmers’ field Collaboration

features for Kutki cultivation at Ghese, Development of Infra-structure Germplasm

Nursery.




34

Prof. Natiyal quoted several examples of cultivation of selected species in farmers fields at

Ghesh & Wan Villages of District Chamoli, Uttarakhand Farmers are now cultivating the

plant species. He said that widely cited as Ghes Model, Trading directly – earning money,

Model – Sustainable, No exploitation from nature, Leading to conservation of the species.

He said that farmers are now cultivating the plant species widely cited as Ghes Model,

Trading directly – earning money. It is sustainable without exploitation from nature leading

to conservation of the species.

Session III

Prof. S. C. Bagri

Dean School of Management


Topic: Ecotourism for Environmental Conservation

Prof. Bagri started his talk by discussing about the immense popularity of tourism as a

leisure activity. He informed that more than one billion people travel internationally in a

year which suggest that one out of seven people travels internationally once a year for

varied reasons including religion and pilgrimage, exploring the culture and heritage,

enjoyment and appreciation of nature, involving in adventure, health and wellness activities,

business activities including MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions) etc.

This mass movement of people one region to another triggers the economy not only at the

destination but also in transit regions making the tourism sector as one of the top earner in

the economy. He further added that at one hand the mass tourism triggers the economy and

infrastructure development on the other hand it also exerts negative impacts on our

economic and socio-cultural edifice and harms the environment at a very large extent.

He asserted that, on contrary to mass tourism, Ecotourism is a small scale, nature based

form of the tourism which also aims as conserving the natural and sociocultural aspects

along with a focus on strengthening the economy of the destination visited. Ecotourism is

an amalgam of two separate concepts – ecology and tourism, but viewed jointly. The

coinage assumes great significance for both ecological conservation and development of

tourism. Explaining the evolution of ecotourism philosophy, Prof. Bagri, informed that

initially the ecotourism was conceptualized as a revenue generating activities for the




35

protected areas but seeing its benefits it is now an ideal tool for economic development of

rural areas. When rural-ecotourism is connected to community as a developmental tool it

brings numerous positive impact to the host community including employment and income

generation, strengthening cultural and traditional values, host-guest relationships and on top

of all it has a very positive impact of the nature and natural resources in and around the

destination. He said that now impressed by the success of ecotourism concept at peripheral

areas, it has also being applied to the urban peripheral areas and known as Urban

Ecotourism. Many cities are now converting cemeteries, sewage swamps and garbage yards

into the parks and recreation centers which adds to the beauty of cities and also provides

employment opportunities.

Session IV

Prof. S. C. Bagri

Dean School of Management


Topic: Ecotourism for Environmental Conservation

Prof. Bagri, continuing his lecture from previous session, discussed about the principles of

ecotourism. He said that ecotourism strives to: minimize physical, social, behavioral, and

psychological impacts; build environmental and cultural awareness and respect; provide

positive experiences for both visitors and local people; provide direct financial benefits for




36

environmental conservation; generate financial benefits for both local people and private

industry; deliver memorable interpretative experiences to visitors that help raise sensitivity

to host countries’ political, environmental, and social climates; and to design, construct and

operate low-impact facilities.

Afterwards, Prof. Bagri presented a case study of ‘Thenmala Ecotourism Project’.

Thenmala is India's first planned Ecotourism destination. It has 10 Ecotourism spots that

cover the great hill ranges of Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta and Kollam districts and

was selected by the

World Tourism

Organisation as one of

the premier eco-

friendly projects in the

world. Located 66 kms

from Kollam,

Thenmala is a treasure

trove of touristic

activities ranging from boat rides to leisurely walks to even adventure sports like mountain

biking and rock climbing etc. Visits to Thenmala also include opportunities to observe some

very unique spots. The Nakshatravanam, a nursery of trees that are considered sacred to the

27 constellations, has people thronging to it to take home a sapling of the tree related to

their own birth star. A visit to the nearby Deer Rehabilitation Centre is a must as various

species of deer are bred here. They are released into the forest when the population reaches

optimum levels. He also discussed about the ROSE ecotourism, District Bageshwar and

Dhanaulti Ecopark, Tehri District of Uttarakhand.

After the case study, Prof. Bagri enumerated the benefits of ecotourism and asserted that

the rewards that come with the newness and the satisfying learning experiences of travel

are irreplaceable, and these benefits can be enhanced through ecotourism. As an ecotourist,

you travel with more than personal satisfaction in mind. Local communities, especially

those that do not thrive by industrial means, could benefit greatly from tourists who respect

their lands while providing additional funding.




37

September 20, 2019

Session I

Evaluative Group Discussion

The participants were divided in six groups and it was decided to prepare a talk by everyone.

The group leaders presented the themes one by one and others were put up questions. The

Group wise themes are as below:

Group 1 : Green Energy

Group 2: Water Security

Group 3: E-Waste Pollution

Group 4: Air Quality

Group 5: Environment Conversion in Ancient Indian Literature

Group 6: Corporate, Social Responsibility to Protect Environment

The session was very innovative and interactive. The participants were happy to share their

views facing others. It created a thought-provoking environment for all the participants.




38

Session II

Dr. Seema Dhawan

Department of Education, HNBGU, Srinagar Garhwal

Topic of the Lecture: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Environmental Issues:


Dr Seema Dhawan started her lecture explaining ‘Environment’ as a source of life. She said

that ‘Environment’ is the place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism.

It is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the

food we eat and the land where we live. It is combination of natural and human made

phenomena. Dr. Dhawan explained the relation between man and environment. It has also

influenced the development of human society. Man is the most skilled and civilized

organism. She further stated that physical man is component of biological community.

Social man establishes the social institutions, forms of social organizations and formulas

laws and policies to safeguard his existence, interest and welfare. Economic man derives

and utilize resources from the physical and biological environment with his skills and

technologies.

She summed up her lecture with the moral that our objective is to be assured the long term

task of environmental education is to foster or reinforce attitudes and behaviour, compatible

with a new ethic. The session was ended with questions and queries by participants. Dr.

Dhawan answered each question well.




39

Session III

Dr. Seema Dhawan

Department of Education, HNBGU, Srinagar Garhwal

Dr. Seema further elaborated the principal of environment continuing her earlier lecture.

She said that biotic and abiotic components interact with each other. There is stability and

balance of element in nature. Environmental problems are the disturbance in natural set up.

She emphasized upon the problems depletion of finite resources, overuse of renewable

resources, pollution, inequity and species loss etc.

Dr. Seema further elaborated that World Conversation Strategy was lunched by IUCN,

UNEP stressing upon the importance of resource conservation through ‘Sustainable

Development’. said that UNESCO launched the GAP highlighting 5 priority areas for

action. The GAP has proven useful is maintaining the momentum of ESD that has now

emerged as a crucial implementation element in the sustainable development goals. Dr.

Seema defined the sustainability as the ability to sustain in every condition. She said that

environment, economy and society are the elements of sustainability. Dr. Seema further

shifted to clarify the health aspects of sustainable development. Vision for health is more

than absence of disease. It includes mental, spiritual and emotional aspects of health. We

should implement the balancing model of 3 Es model i.e. Ecology, Ecology and Equity.

And, she highlighted the aspects of well-being as basic needs, good health, healthy social

relations, security and freedom. She summed up her lecture with the idea of governance,

accountability and partnership.




40

Session IV

Prof. R. D. Gaur

Former Head, Department of Botany


Topic of the Lecture: An introduction to Palenology

Prof. R. D. Gaur started his lecture with the brief introduction of the principal wild food

plants i.e., vegetables, fruits, spices/condiments, sauces/pickles, grains/ seeds / nuts, raw /

salad, beverages / drinks and oil seeds of the Uttarakhand. He said that there are thirteen

districts in Uttarakhand and several exploration trips were undertaken in tribal-dominated

villages in remote, inaccessible areas of Uttarakhand during 1982-2007 for the study of

principal wild food plants. And, he also highlighted some of the promising domesticated

food plant resources that have been largely neglected, grossly ignored and overlooked.

Prof. Gaur further clarified that there is an assortment of legislation in the U.K. hills relating

to the indigenous endemic flora and fauna. Several parks and wild life sanctuaries have been

established to oversee the conservation and preservation of the Himalayan heritage.

Prof. Gaur explained that the diverse climate and topography of Uttarakhand extends from

150 to 3,500 m above sea-level. The aboriginals continue to cultivate wild and economically

useful plants in their kitchen gardens, dooryards and backyards by age-old methods. About

53 species of these plants could find a place in modern diet, if marketed. Most of them are

suitable in their original form, while others improvements through selection and

hybridization. Prof. Gaur presented a detailed list of principal wide food plants with family,

genera and species. Prof. Gaur answered the questions of participants at the end of session

as well.




41

September 21, 2019

Session I

Prof. R. D. Gaur

Former Head, Department of Botany


Topic of the Lecture: Biodiversity: Future and Sustainable Development

Prof. R.D. Gaur defined total environment at the very beginning of his lecture and divided

it in three parts as partial house, natural house and man’s house. He further explained the

generation of soil, maintenance of air quality, maintenance of water quality, control of pests

and diseases, detoxication and decomposition of wastes, pollination and crop production,

stabilization of weather and climate. He also highlighted the aspects of ecosystem services.

He further presented classified planetary

environmental crises as climate change,

stratospheric ozone, land use change, fresh

water use, biological diversity, ocean

acidification, nitrogen and phosphorus

inputs to the biosphere and ocean, aerosol

loading, chemical pollution and population

explosion etc. He elaborated upon

importance of biodiversity act and discussed

sovereign rights of India on biological

resources and measures to check biopiracy,

protection of biodiversity, national

biodiversity authority (NBA) as regulatory authority and sustainable utilization and sharing

of benefits etc. He explained provision of Intellectual Property Right (IPR), financial

support from national biodiversity fund, state biodiversity fund, local biodiversity fund and

global environmental facility. He discussed the silent features of ‘Biodiversity in India’. He

highlighted the common feature of principles of sustainability.




42

Session II

Written Exam

In order to get the participants evaluated individually, a written exam based on 50 multiple

choice questions was conducted. The questions were based on the lecture presented in the

program till so far. The marks obtained by the participants were converted into grades.

Session III

Dr. R.K. Maikhuri

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development

Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Multidisciplinary approaches to address environmental issues:

Emerging trends in biological, physical and social sciences (Part I)

Dr. Maikhuri opened his deliberation by discussing about globalization and consequences

of economic and demographic growth for Himalayan population and environment. He

explained how changes in environmental, social, demographic and economic edifice

interact with one another, and how they fundamentally influence on overall population

health. Global changes driven by changes to social institution and governance (including

demographic changes like ageing, mobility, family structures, level of urbanization) and

economic activities (including trade regimes, capital mobility, labor conditions, wealth

creation and distribution) has brought large-scale/ systematic changes in the overall

environment which are eventually responsible for environmental impacts comprising of

degradation and depletion, ecosystem disturbances, disruption of bio-geophysical systems

(e.g. climate system), he added. He asserted that in order to develop an effective strategy to

cope up with environmental change, it is essential to have an understanding of the driving

forces in natural and human systems from local/regional/national and global perspective in

a time of rapidly growing process of globalization and rapid global change. He presented a

detailed account of factors responsible for changes in socio-economic and environment of

Himalayan region and stressed that linking ecosystem services to human wellbeing is

essential for the conservation of abundant natural resources. And, for that process it is

necessary to identify the critical pathways of change and vulnerability and resilience of land

systems along with developing an effective governance for sustainability. He said that the

Environment

Protected areas

Tourism

Energy




43

changes in the land use pattern in the Himalayan region are the root cause for environmental

and climate change hence it is very important to understand the dynamics of land systems

and its consequences and accordingly formulating area specific strategies based on the

integrated analysis and modelling for land sustainability.

He advised that following sustainable development strategies can be a better solution for

socio-economic and environmental problems in Himalayan region. Environmental

problems and issues in the Himalayan region can be broadly classified into -Natural

problems (including earthquake, avalanches, landslides and cloud burst, glaciers and soil

erosion) and manmade problems (including increasing human population, forest

degradation and biodiversity depletion, land degradation, climate change, biological

invasion, depletion of water resources, and protected areas and conflict resolution). He

further asserted that since recent past unplanned urbanization and road construction;

tourism, mountaineering and trekking; erosion of traditional ecological knowledge;

overgrazing in grasslands, uncontrolled mining and quarrying activities, forest fires and

poor governance and decision making have emerged as the burning issues which needs to

be addressed on the priority basis.




44

Session IV

Dr. R.K. Maikhuri

Scientist G, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable

Development

Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Multidisciplinary approaches to address environmental issues:

Emerging trends in biological, physical and social sciences (Part II)

Continuing his previous lecture on the theme of the refresher course, Dr. Maikhuri started

this session by discussing about the evolution of sustainable thought. He highlighted the

major events and resolutions of sustainable development right from the Rio Summit of 1992

to conference at London -2012 and Rio-2012. However, specific attention to the sustainable

development of Himalayan mountain region was given by the Indian Mountain Initiative’s

Sustainable Mountain Development Summit 2011 at Nainital and subsequently at Gangtok

in 2012, he informed. The major focus of Nainital- IMI- SMDS- 2011 was hydropower

projects, adaptation measures under climate change scenarios in mountains, rural tourism

in mountains and community forestry in mountains.

Afterwards, Dr. Maikhuri discussed about ecological, socio-economic drivers and policy

issues responsible for agro-biodiversity loss in Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand.

Enumerating the ecological drivers/indicators, Dr. Maikhuri said that decline in carrying

capacity of forests and rangelands, increased abandoned land and invasive species, climate

change/variability, soil erosion/run off, hydrological imbalances, low crop yield




45

/productivity and decline in wild bio-resources affecting wildlife food chain systems are the

major indicators of ecological disequilibrium in the Himalayan region. However, small

holding and land fragmentation, out- and in-migration form the region, change in food

habits, change in social values, increased female literacy, dependence on wild collection of

high value resources, decline in traditional knowledge and change in cropping pattern due

to economic consideration are the major socio-economic drivers. The policy indicator for

region consisting the ignorance of hill agriculture in policy and planning, research bias,

poor land use policies, subsidies on food import and credit policies, strict forest policies and

wildlife conservation act, subsidies on agricultural implements, pricing strategies etc. He

also provided an account of the field based research activities undertaken by G.B. Pant

National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development for promoting

sustainable livelihood and development through short videos of its efforts.




46

September 22, 2019

Sunday Off




47

September 23, 2019

Session I


Former Professor, Department of History and Archaeology

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Looking at Environment through the Lens of an Archaeologist

(Part I)

Prof. Vinod Nautiyal started his lecture with the brief introduction of ‘Climate Change’

with special reference to Indus Valley Civilization. He said that there are two components

of environment: climate change and the relation between man and environment. He

explained the term ‘Ecology’ and ‘Contextual Archaeology’. He elaborated Geological

Time Scale with the components: era, period, epoch/age, million years ago and events etc.

He explained Cenozoic age of mammals too. He showed the Evolutionary Clock with

example of history of mankind of two million years that is only 100th of a second.

Prof. Nautiyal stressed upon the relationship between culture, man and environment. He

said that if a man is pushed out from the environment than it is also not a relevant thing; but

there was not a much demographic pressure on earth as today. He moved towards the

climate cycle and explained it in terms of weather and climate. He illustrated weather as

the fluctuating state of the atmosphere around us, characterized by temperature, wind,

precipitation, clouds and other elements. He stressed upon ‘Paleoclimate’ as the evidenced.

Prof. Nautiyal presented an animation depicting a ball moving from one stable state to

another due to a forcing. He said that gravity is the primary physical force maintaining the

stable state. In climate system, the physics involved can be far more complex. Using

paleoclimate records and computer models, scientist have identified many ‘Valleys’, or

stable states, in which the climate system can reside, and “pushes” that cause it to move

from one state to another. He presented various environmental factors of ‘Pleistocene Time-

Ice Age’.

There were several questions and queries of participants at the end of session and Prof.

Nautiyal satisfied them well with answers.




48

Session II


Former Professor, Department of History and Archaeology

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand

Topic of the Lecture: Looking at Environment through the Lens of an Archaeologist

(Part II)

Prof. Nautiyal, in this session, started with enumerating the plausible causes of climate

change. He said that changes in Milankovitch cycle, a cyclical movement related to the

Earth’s orbit around the Sun, can also bring

about changes in the climatic conditions.

According to the Milankovitch Theory, this

cycle affect the amount of solar heat that’s

incident on the Earth’s surface and

subsequently influence climatic patterns.

Apart from the Milankovitch cycle,

eccentricity, the amount of which an orbit is

elliptical rather than circular, is another

important determinant of climatic conditions

in the longer period of time, he added and

informed that Earth’s eccentricity is

currently very slight which varies between

.01 and .07 and it changes over a period of

approximately 1,00,000 years. Obliquity, change in Axial Tilt of the Earth, is another cause

of climatic variations. Current axis tilt of earth is 23.5° which varies between 22.1° and

24.5° and changes over a period of 40,000 years. A greater tilt means more severe seasons

while lesser tilt means milder seasons. Similarly, precession of equinoxes also contributes

in the climatic change. When the Earth’s orbit is highly elliptical, either the northern or

southern hemisphere basks in very hot summers and freezes in very cold winters while the

opposite hemisphere experiences cool summers and warm winters. Because of this, there

can be up to a 30% difference in the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives between

perihelion and aphelion.




49

Afterwards, Prof. Nautiyal explained the typology of climate change and asserted that it

may be short term (One day to hundred to hundreds years) and long term (Thousand to

Million years). He further stated that the study of short term climate change can be done

using the instruments like rain gauge, thermometers, anemometer, precipitation or by the

study of records of climate changes in historical documents like Sudarshan lake inscription,

Kharvela inscription etc., while long term climate change may be studied from geological

deposits, marine deposits, corals, dendrochronology, lime stone cave deposits and isotopic

studies (C,O,N). He, then, elaborately explained the patterns of climate change with the

help of pictorial representation of climate in Glacial, Fluvial, Lacustrine and Aeolian

landforms with memorandums from his visits and research findings.

Session III

Prof. PK Yadava

Visiting Professor, IISER, Berhampur, Orissa

Topic of the Lecture: Some socially and environmentally relevant applications of

modern biology (Part I)

Prof. Yadava began with expressing his views on the knowledge systems and asserted that

all our learning must fetch dividends to the society as all knowledge is socially generated.

What we harness as technology is an outcome of collective efforts not just of the individual

who holds patents but also of

the many workers and artisans

who never get mentioned. He

also said that even those

pursuing fundamental studies

also fetch dividends in the form

of quality citizens. He further

discussed the challenges which

humanity is facing in the modern times like global warming and climate change, human

population, disparity and extremism, waste management, ocean acidification, rampant

urbanization, energy crisis, ozone depletion and loss of biodiversity and said that these

challenges offer ample opportunities to the researchers and scientists for generating new

knowledge and innovations in managing these issues.




50

Prof. Yadava, further, stated that every environmental change leaves genetic signatures on

the behaviour of species in due course of time and emphasized that Ecogenomics and

Sociogenomics must be studied in depth that may help in understanding the varying ethical

consciousness and perception of the same situation by different individuals and also in

knowing different responsiveness to the same stimulus in different individuals. Quoting

Vedas, Prof. Yadava stated that all life on Earth originates from Sun and explained the

pattern of solar energy absorption by earth and its reflection into the various atmospheric

layers. He mentioned that there is plenty of scope for technological development for

utilising different forms of energy like solar radiations, wind and biomass.

Session IV

Prof. PK Yadav

Visiting Professor, IISER, Berhampur, Orissa

Topic of the Lecture: Some socially and environmentally relevant applications of

modern biology (Part II)

In this session, Prof. Yadava discussed about the use of new technology for addressing

environmental issues and stated that most of the environmental problems of today can be

attributed to technologies enabling humans to make intensive exploitation of resources

however some of us argue that technology is an evil. He further asserted that capability to

develop new technology is a trait nature of human species and we should make best use of

this so that the follies of past can as well be corrected with the help of new technology

keeping in mind the past experiences. He enumerated the emerging technologies in the field

of biology such as genomic and proteomic profiling of individuals, RNA aptamers, genome

editing and potential of water microspheres as catalytic agents. Talking about the ethical

aspects of application of gene technology, Prof. Yadava asserted that we have been

selectively breeding plants and animals with features of our interest ever since we

domesticated and adopted them for our needs even before recent developments yet we

cannot overlook the possible misfiring of technology at any stage.




51

Explaining the solution of environmental problems through new molecules and ligands,

Prof. Yadava said that yes it has become routine in case of nucleic acid aptamers because

they can be modified, affinity purified and amplified per our designs employing Systematic

evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and new strategies are being

developed for other

classes of biomolecules.

He also discussed about

aptamers as sensors for

pollutants and eco-

physiological amplitude of

living systems in terms of

temperature, pressure, pH

and radiation. He also

mentioned that genome

editing could revolutionize

environmental sciences in

addressing issues related to biofuels, bioplastics, bioremediation, bio-sensing, greenhouse

emissions, pesticide metabolism, efficient water use, nitrogen fixation, invasive species and

food waste and explained each of them with examples.

He concluded by stating that many promising new technologies are being developed to

minimize the environmental impacts and to mitigate damage to the environment by

prevalent anthropogenic activities. This includes novel nucleic acid enzymes and altogether

new genes and gene combinations via genome editing tools. However, the simplest and

most straight forward action one can initiate without delay is to achieve one trillion trees

planted globally over next decade or so even if this seems to be getting back to square one.




52

September 24, 2019

Session I

Prof. Rekha Pande

Department of History, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad

Topic of Lecture: Eco-Feminism: making connections between Feminism and Ecology

Prof. Rekha Pande started her lecture by introducing of environment as a social issue. She

highlighted the various perspectives of environment in relation to social factors. Prof. Pande

said that ‘Eco Feminism’ is also a main point of socio-environmental factor. It’s an activist

and academic movement that sees critical connection between the domination of nature and

the exploitation of women. It grew during 1980s and 1990s among women from the anti-

nuclear, environmental and lesbian-feminist movements. Prof. Pandey elaborated second

wave of feminism: feminist and green movements. The women were talking about their

basic human rights and they focused upon environment too. They were also talking that the

experimentation with animals and their organs should be stopped. Further Prof. Pande

concluded with Eco Feminist Philosophy highlighting the statement that Eco-feminism

offers central elements of historical and cultural analysis of bound between women and

nature.




53

September 24, 2019

Session II

Dr. Suresh Pande

Director, Society for Empowerment through Environment Development (SEED),

Principal Scientist (Retd.), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid

Tropics

Topic of the Lecture: Climate Change and Our Responsibilities

Dr. Suresh Pande said that climate change is no more a myth it is a reality. It has emerged

as the biggest challenge for the sustainability of the planet. Its economic impacts,

particularly on the poor, make it a major governance as well a developmental issue.

Minimizing the social and economic impacts of climate change is our responsibility as an

individual, in partnership with governments, and with civil societies to make sure we leave

a better and sustainable planet for future. Therefore, we should try to 1) Understand the

climate change, 2) Share available information, 3) Sensitize and create awareness at all

levels, 4) Implement action plan to mitigate effects of climate change at household level.

He emphasized upon the need to take action on climate change and said that we need to

share these concerns and sensitize the communities we are living in, with friends, and social

media; and spread the word about this critical issue. There is not much difference between

managing a local forest and the global climate. Both are common property resources. What

is needed most of all, is a “property rights framework” which encourages cooperation for

joint action to mitigate the effects of Global Warning induced Climate Change. The session

was quite interactive and participants asked lot of questions and raised several queries to

Dr. Pandey.




54

Session III

Dr. Alok K. Srivastava

ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM),

Kushmaur, Mau (UP)

Topic of the Lecture: Effective microorganisms to improve soil health and

environment under climate change (Part I)

Dr. Alok K. Srivastava began with providing brief profile, function and major achievements

made by National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM). Giving

examples of methods of nature conservation in ancient Indian Text, He cited that

conservation is our religious duty. He said that agriculture and pastoralism was the mainstay

of Vedic Aryans and they have associated the conservation of nature with the religious

practices hence special mentions of methods of conservation of soil, water and species (both

fauna and flora) have got special mention in Vedic literature. He has provided the basic

facts about the geographical and human distribution, agriculture and water resources in

India.

He mentioned that the earth’s climate has demonstrably changed on both global and

regional scales since the pre-industrial era, with some of these changes attributable to

human activities. The changes observed in the regional climate have already affected many

of the physical and biological systems, and there are indications that social and economic

systems have also been affected. He further stated

that agriculture represents a core part of the Indian

economy and provides food and livelihood

activities to much of the Indian population. While

the magnitude of impact varies greatly by region,

climate change is expected to impact on agricultural

productivity and shifting crop patterns. He also

mentioned the effort made by the government to

increase the agricultural productivity in India and

said that however we were able to increase the

production of food grains but excessive use of fertilizers and exotic and hybrid crops have

exerted a negative impact on the soil quality.




55

Session IV

Dr. Alok K. Srivastava

ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM),

Kushmaur, Mau (UP)

Topic of the Lecture: Effective microorganisms to improve soil health and

environment under climate change (Part II)

Dr. Srivastava continued his lecture in this session and explained about the climate change

in terms agricultural productivity, soil quality and its socio-economic consequences. He

said that the climate change in terms of agriculture could be better understood by studying

its direct impact on crop growth in terms of physiology, phenology and morphology of

crops as well as its indirect impacts on the soil fertility, availability of irrigation, pests, flood

and droughts and sea level rise which eventually impact the socio-economic edifice of the

region by influencing the food demand, costs and benefits, policy, trade and farmers

response.

Later on, Dr. Srivastava explained the aspects of Climate Change scenario for India with

implications for agriculture and informed that carbon dioxide level would increase by 500

ppm by 2050 resulting in mean temperature rise of 3.0-5.5 oC. Intermittent periods of

unpredictable heat stress would be more common while rainfall intensity and dry days,

floods and droughts would be increasing along with recession of Himalayan glaciers posing

severe threats to food security.

He further said that, soil quality provides the foundation for environmental quality while

sustainable use and healthy soil helps in regulating water, sustaining plant and animal life,

filtering potential pollutants, cycling nutrients and supporting structures. He suggested

measures to maintain the soil quality and eventually regulating the climate change. The

session was very interactive as the answers of Dr. Srivastava were backed by simple real

life examples.




56

September 25, 2019

Session I

Prof. Rekha Pande

University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad

Topic of the Lecture: Women in the Early Environmental Movement in India

Prof. Pandey, describing the Nature of the Women’s movement in India, asserted that the

women’s movement in India is very diverse. The cultural, historical, geographical,

religious, political and other factors contribute to this diversity. The movement began in

19th century as a social reform movement. In the euphoria of the post-independence period

it was believed that the status of women will improve. When this did not happen many

movement arose against Child marriages, illiteracy, Sati, treatment of widows. She

highlighted the contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy (Brahmao Samaj), Dayanad Sarswati

(Arya samaj), Justice Ranade, the pioneers of Prarthana Samaj, Pandita Ramabai, William

Bentinck, T.B. Macaulay, Iswarchandra Vidyasagar, J.E.D. Bethune and Keshub Chandra

Sen for awareness building towards various social ills and taboos and also for their

eradication.

She highlighted the role of colonial state for betterment of women status and enumerated

the reforms made by colonial state including enactment for sati, widow remarriage, female

infanticide, special marriage act to allow inter community marriages, child marriage

restraint act and women’s right to property. She further asserted that some western women

shouldered the burden of bringing the benefits of education, social reform in terms of health

and hygiene, ideas of political freedom and personal liberation. She said that most of these

women were the first nuns including Annie Besant, Margaret Noble, Mirra Richard and

Madeleine Slade. She also underscored the contribution of indian Women including

Anandibai Joshi, Cornelia Sorabji, Ramabai Ranade, Kumudini Ganguly, Krupabai

Sathianadan Sarala Devi Choudhurani, Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Swarnakumari Devi,

Rassundari Devi, Binodini Dasi for their role in their respective fields.

She further asserted that in the post-independence period it was believed that women’s

status would change automatically as the constitution gives us equality before law and

prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth and

also advocates for equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. But, nothing




57

much changed which triggered various movements at various places. She provided detailed

account of movements led by women and their role and impact including the Bishnoi

Movement- Rajasthan, Chipko Movement- Uttrakhand, Save Silent Valley- the Palakkad

district of Kerala, Jungle Bachao Andolan, Singhbum district of Jharkhand, Appiko

Movement-The Sahyadri Range, or the Western Ghats, Narmada Bachao Movement- across

river Narmada in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra and Tehri Dam Conflict

Uttarakhand state.




58

The Valedictory Session

The refresher course came to a close successfully on September 25, 2019 with the

valedictory session. Shri Threesh Kapoor ji, renowned nature photographer and

environmentalist, from Kausani was the Chief Guest, Dr. Suresh Pandey, Director, Society

for Empowerment through Environment Development (SEED), Hyderabad was the Guest

of Honour while Prof. Annpurna Nautiyal, Vice Chancellor, HNB Garhwal University

presided over the session. Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri, Director, Faculty Development

Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) presented the report of the program

and informed that the course was attended by 36 teacher participants from various higher

educational institutions from across the country. The participants were trained for a total of

72 hours in two weeks by 22 different resource persons from 10 higher education and

research institutions from all over the country.

Shri Threesh Kapoor ji, the Chief Guest of the session asserted that it is necessary to come

back to our roots to conserve the biodiversity and environment. All the economical, socio-

cultural and traditional practices in the Himalayan region has the nature in its center. Dr.

Suresh Pande, Guest of Honour of the session, emphasizing on the revival of traditional

agriculture in the hilly areas stated that the crops should be cultivated according to the water

holding capacity of terraced farms which is substantial for water conservation and

prevention of soil erosion. He further added that it is need of the hour to look back towards

the cultivation of our traditional crops like Koda, Bhatt, Jhangora, and Chaulai etc. as these

crops are enriched with fibers as well as have potential to revive the local ecosystem.




59

While presiding over the session, Prof. Annpurna Nautiyal, said that this multidisciplinary

Refresher course is highly contextual in view of the contemporary challenges related to

environment. She further asserted that the environmental challenges can be tackled only by

the multidisciplinary approaches. In this reference, she emphasized on the need of

connection, communication and coordination among the researchers, planners and people

in the society.

The valedictory session was coordinated by Dr. Kavita Bhatt, while Dr. Vijay Prakash

proposed the Vote of thanks. A significant number of teachers, officials and research

scholars from various department of the university were present during the occasion.

LIST OF pARTICIPANTS




60

FACULTY DEVELOPMENT CENTRE HNB Garhwal University (A Central University)

List of Participants

S. No. Name of Participant Organization Email/Contact

1. Dr. Manoj Singh Department of Commerce, Government P. G. College,

Gopeshwar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

8755612800

2. Dr. Dalip Kumar Bhatia Department of Zoology, Govt. P. G. College, Dakpathar,

Dehradun, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9412047259

3. Mr. Nand Lal Department of Geography, Govt. Degree College

Jakholi, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9927036690

4. Mr. Rakesh Kumar

Bhatt

Department of Economics, Pt. L. M. S. Govt. (P. G.)

College, Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9412113595

5. Dr. Vinod Singh Department of Physics, V.S.K.C Govt. P. G. College,

Dakpathar, Vikasnagar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

8859753118

6. Dr. Monu Ram Department of B.Ed., K.L.D.A.V. (P. G.) College

Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9675169488

7. Mr. Ripan Kumar Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Jhandutta

Distt- Bilaspur , Himachal Pradesh

[email protected]

7018004868

8. Mr. Ashwani Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri

Vishwavidyalaya Haridwar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

m

9557786434

9. Dr. Manoj Kumar

Sharma

Department of B.Ed., K.L.D.A.V. (P. G.) College

Roorkee, Haridwar Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9871015952

10. Dr. Sunil Kumar Singh Department of Ag. Botany, Ch. Chhotu Ram P.G.

College Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

[email protected]

8859744377

11. Mr. Parveen Sankhyan Department of Botany, S. V. Govt. College Ghumarwin,

Distt. Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh

[email protected]

9759688966

12. Dr. Mukta Dangwal Department of Economics, V. S. K. C. Govt. P. G.

College, Dakpathar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9410553134

13. Dr. Himani Department of Economics, Govt. P. G. College,

Jaiharikhal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9627533868

14. Dr. Manoj Kumar Department of Hindi, Govt. Degree College, Nainbagh,

Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand

manojkumar09101967@gmail

.com

9456128769

15. Dr. Kiran Bharti Department of Botany, K.L.D.A.V. (PG) College

Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9760852949

16. Mr. Sandeep Shankar

Rao Kulkarni

Department of Environmental Studies, K. J. Somaiya

College of Arts & Commerce Vidya-Vihar, Mumbai,

Maharashtra

[email protected]

7400473378

17. Dr. Jagmohan Singh Department of Political Science, Govt. P. G. College,

Gopeshwar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9411386678

18. Dr. Phakir Singh Department of Commerce, I. P. G. G. P. G. College,

Haldwani, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9412504182

19. Dr. Hari Om Sharma Department of Chemistry, C. C. R. P. G. College,

Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

[email protected]

9897976466

20. Dr. Rituraj Pant Department of Commerce, Govt. Degree College,

Satpuli, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

8859003366

21. Dr. Ramchandra Singh Department of Economics Govt. Degree College

Gairsain, Chamoli, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

m

7895973342

22. Dr. Chandra Bhanu

Kotnala

Department of Zoology HNBGU Pauri Campus, Pauri

Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9412407111

23. Mr. Gambheer Singh

Kathait

Department of Instrumentation Engineering, HNB

Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

989708774

mailto:[email protected]





























61

24. Dr. Kiran Joshi Department of Economics, Pt. L. M. S. Govt. (P. G.)

College, Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

om

8171470231

25. Mr. Prashant Thapliyal Department of Instrumentation Engineering, HNB,


[email protected]

7579160677

26. Dr. Somesh Thapliyal Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal

University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

7060833734

27. Dr. Poonam Bhushan Department of Sociology, Govt. P. G. College,

Augastyamuni, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9410140613

28. Dr. Renu Gautam

Mandrawal

Department of Home Science, Govt. P. G. College,

Augastyamuni, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9412363705

29. Dr. Laxmi Nautiyal Department of Hindi, Rath Mahavidyalaya, Paithani,

Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

8958846492

30. Dr. Rahul Kunwar

Singh

Department of Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University,

Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9557797597

31. Dr. Deepti Prabha Department of Seed Science & Technology, HNB


[email protected]

m

9456561199

32. Dr. SaurabhYadav Department of Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University,


[email protected]

om

9456577674

33. Dr. Sanjeev Prasad

Bhatt

Department of Sanskrit, Govt. Degree College, Paukhal,

Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

9411523410

34. Dr. Dhannanjay Kumar Department of Botany & Microbiology HNB Garhwal

University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

8765844426

35. Dr. Babita Patni Department of HAPPRC HNB, Garhwal University,


[email protected]

7895630389

36. Dr. Vineet Kumar

Maurya

Department of Microbiology HNB Garhwal University,

Srinagar Garhwal, Uttrakhand

[email protected]

9411072113

















Newspaper clippings




62

Inaugural News




63

IEP Dehradun

The environmental problems are becoming more serious day by day. Despite various

legislative provisions and theoretical discourses, the expected results in the field of

environmental protection is not being achieved. Along with rich natural resources,

Uttarakhand has been the working destination of many noted environmentalists like

Shri Sundar Lal Bahuguna, Shri Chandi Prasas Bhatt, Anil Joshi, Gaura Devi, and Kalyan

Singh Rawat. Despite this the state and nation are encountering new challenges in this

fields.




64

This was stated by Shri Praveen Thapaliyal, the Additional Principle Chief Conservator

of Forest, Himachal Pradesh. Shri Thapliyal was addressing the gathering of participants

and academician at the inaugural function of two weeks [ 12 -25 September, 2019]

Refresher Course ‘ Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Environmental Issues:

Emerging Trends in Physical, Biological and Social Sciences’ being conducted by the

Faculty Development Center under Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission for

Teaching and Teachers, MHRD, Government of India, at HNB Garhwal Central

University, Srinagar[ Garhwal] Uttarakhand, today. He further asserted that rather

being disappointed on these issues, we should try to find out the solution through public

participation.

While presiding over the session, Prof. S. C. Bagri, former Vice Chancellor of Himgiri

Zee University, Dehradun and Officiating Vice Chancellor of HNB Garhwal University,

Srinagar Garhwal, said that in the present scenario, a foresight and long-term vision is

necessary for the effective and sustainable implementation of environmental policies

and plans. He further said that the assessment of expected adverse impacts must be

undertaken before implementing the environmental policies for sustainable

development.

Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri, the Director, Faculty Development Centre narrated the

concept note and contents of the refresher course. She informed that in this course the

lectures and discourses will be delivered by the expert resource persons on the

technological, scientific, social, educational and moral aspects of environment. 36

faculty members from different states of the country are participating in this refresher

course.

The session was hosted by Dr. Vijay Prakash Bhatt, Research Associate of the Centre.

Prof. S. S. Negi, Prof. Monika Gupta, Dr. Sarvesh Uniyal, Dr. Ajay Semalty, Vivek

Kunwar, Dhoom Singh etc. were present at the occasion.




65

Valedictory News




66

IEP Chandigarh

It is necessary to come back to our roots to conserve the biodiversity and environment.

All the economical, socio-cultural and traditional practices in the Himalayan region has

the nature in its centre. It was stated by Shri Threesh Kapoor ji, renowned nature

photographer and environmentalist, as Chief Guest in the valedictory session of the

Refresher Course organized by Faculty Development Centre of HNB Garhwal University

under PMMMNMTT scheme of MHRD, Govt of India today on September 25, 2019.

Dr. Suresh Pande, Guest of Honour of the session emphasizing on the revival of

traditional agriculture in the hilly areas stated that the crops are cultivated according

to the water holding capacity of terraced farms which is substantial for water

conservation and prevention of soil erosion. He further added that it is need of the hour

to look back towards the cultivation of our traditional crops like Koda, Bhatt, Jhangora,

and Chaulai etc. These crops are enriched with fibers as well as have a potential to

revive the local ecosystem.

While presiding over the session, Prof. Annpurna Nautiyal, Vice Chancellor, HNB

Garhwal University said that this multidisciplinary Refresher course is highly contextual

in view of the contemporary challenges related to environment. She further asserted

that the environmental challenges can be tackled only by the multidisciplinary

approaches. In this reference, she emphasized on the need of connection,




67

communication and coordination among the researchers, planners and people in the

society.

Prof. Indoo Pandey Khanduri, Coordinator of the course and Director, Faculty

Development Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) while presenting the

technical report of the program informed that the course was attended by 36 teacher

participants from various higher educational institutions from across the country. The

participants were trained for a total of 72 hours in two weeks by 22 different resource

persons from 10 higher education and research institutions from all over the country.

She underscored that we must follow the directions available in our scriptures and

religious traditions and act accordingly to conserve and preserve the environment.

Simultaneously, the science and social science scholars must work together to find out

the solutions of environmental problems.

Dr. Vijay Prakash proposed the Vote of thanks while the valedictory session was

coordinated by Dr. Kavita Bhatt, the Research Associates of Faculty Development

Centre. Prof. Vinod Nautiyal, Prof. Veena Saklani, Prof. M. K. Singh, Dr. R. S. Negi, Dr.

VPS Bhandari, Dr. Mohan Naithani, Er. Mahesh Dobhal, Dr. Nagendra Nautiyal, Mr.

Vivek Kunwar, Dhoom Singh etc were present at the occasion.

http://indiaepost.com/connection-with-roots-is-necessary-to-conserve-the-environment-kapoor/

http://indiaepost.com/connection-with-roots-is-necessary-to-conserve-the-environment-kapoor/

Refresher Course on

Multidisciplinary approaches to address Environmental issues:


for

Faculty members of Universities and Colleges

(September 12- September 25, 2019)

FACULTY DEVELOPMENT CENTRE

HEMVATI NANDAN BAHUGUNA GARHWAL UNIVERSITY

(A Central University) SRINAGAR (GARHWAL), UTTARAKHAND – 246174

August 20, 2019

NOTIFICATION -17

Learning is a gradual process and one must continue learning throughout his/her life to be

able to respond adequately to the changing world. The world of education is also changing

continuously due to advancement in technology and creation of new knowledge across the

disciplines. To cater the need of students in this scenario, the teachers must be updated and

refreshed regularly through the different Faculty development programs as they play

noteworthy role in the development of nations enhancing skills and grooming devoted human

resource. A Refresher course is a second level training programme for the teachers who have

already undertaken Orientation/Induction training. Nowadays, Refresher Programmes are

geared across the disciplines to enable the participants of different fields to work together for

the development of societies in particular and the nations in general. This has been a central

focus of the draft New Education Policy 2019.

Excessive industrialization and population explosion have generated serious concerns to our

environment and society as the modern world is now facing several issues such as, global

warming, climate change, energy crisis, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss etc.

Researches are going on in various fields such as physical, biological, and social sciences to

address the above mentioned issues. However, the researchers are of late looking for

rhizomatic approach involving various disciplines to get a better resolution for these burning

issues. Thus, a teacher or researcher must be updated about the emerging concepts and trends

across the disciplines so as competent and updated knowledge can be disseminated to the

upcoming generations and can reach to the society aptly.

Keeping abovementioned point in mind, Faculty Development Centre (FDC), HNB Garhwal

University, established under the PMMMNMTT scheme of MHRD, Govt. of India, is

organizing a Refresher course entitled “Multidisciplinary approaches to address

Environmental issues: Emerging Trends in Physical, Biological and Social Sciences” during

September 12-25, 2019.

Interested higher education teachers may apply on the prescribed application form through

proper channel latest by 04 -09- 2019. There would be no registration fee to attend the

program. Accommodation-food and TA (AC 3 tier and luxury bus) as per university

norms will be provided by the Faculty Development Centre.

Kindly send advance scanned copies of application form and annexures through E-mail to

[email protected] form can be downloaded from: http://hnbgu.ac.in


Director

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/refresher

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/train


http://hnbgu.ac.in/

refresher course - nmtt.inflibnet.ac.in

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