regulating power for hydro power plant (final 08042014).pdf

8/18/2019 Regulating Power for Hydro Power Plant (Final 08042014).pdf

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Advanced hydraulic design of Pelton turbinesDr. Etienne Parkinson, Head R&D Vevey, Switzerland

Santiago, Chile, November 2010

Regulating Power for Hydro Power Plant


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2Prepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya

Main Topics

1. PLN System

2. Runner Replacement

3. Regulating Power in Europe

2www.andritz.com


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PLN System

3www.andritz.comPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya


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Regulating Power - Missing Considerations

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System Planning Generation expansion plan to meet

increasing demand (Optimization of Capex & Opex)

P3B • System Security

• System Quality (frequency & voltage)

• Economic dispatch (Optimization ofOpex only)

PJB & IP Operate Power Plant based on P3B

instruction

Missing Regulating Power needs (Capex & Opex)


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Regulating Power - Missing Considerations

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Why Hydro Peaker 24 hrs Regulating Power?

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Common practice in the world

Significant fuel saving

Opportunity runner replacement after 20 years operation

Available technology at competitive price (small additionalcost is required).

Optimizing Capex & Opex as compared to thermal

(Combined-cycle power plant) alternative


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Regulating Power Study Formulation

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Identify regulating power needs in Jawa-Bali system in theoff peak period

Calculate fuel cost incurred during off peak produced byCombined-cycle power plant.

Identify Hydro Peaker unit(s) which require runner replacement

Optimize Capex (incremental cost only) + Opex Hydroregulating power vs fuel cost by Combined-cycle power plant

Remark: In Jawa Bali System while peak load has increased from 14.000 MW (2005)

to 22.000 MW, no new big Hydro Power Plant peaker is instal led.


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PAYBACK PERIOD CIRATA RUNNER

A A

Fuel Saving Calculation

Assumptions

During the peak hours (from 5 pm – 9 pm), existing Peaking Hydro power plants are

performing full frequency for the Jawa-Bali power system.

During off-peak hours (from 10 pm – 4 pm on the following day), the frequency regulation are

taken over by the existing combined-cycle power plants.

After modification, one unit of Cirata will reduce/replace the operation/output of 125 MW

existing combined-cycle power plant(s) during off-peak hours.

The new mode of operation will produce fuel cost saving in the Jawa-Bali power system

during off-peak hours as a result of Cirata runner modification.

Thermal efficiency of a combined-cycle power plant: 40%.

Types and prices of fuel for combined-cycle power plants:

1. Natural Gas Price: USD 5 / MMBtu

2. HSD Oil Price: EUR 2.36 / gallon

Incremental (additional cost) for modification of one unit : EURO 300,000



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Calculation based on Natural Gas PriceBB

Incremental (additional cost)

for modification of one unit 300,000 EUR

Efficiency of combined-cycle

power plant 40%Natural Gas Price 5USD / MMBtu

Energy conversion 1 MMBtu

equals to 293.071kWh

1 EUR equals to 1.3702USD

Installed Capacity 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW

Daily off-peak energy production 20 h 16 h 12 h 8 h 4 h

Energy production of modified

unit of Cirata during off-peak

hours 2500 MWh 2000 MWh 1500 MWh 1000 MWh 500 MWh

Off-peak reagulating power

costs generated bycombined-cycle PP based on

Natural Gas 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh 0.0311 EUR/kWh

Costs per day 77,819 EUR/day 62,255 EUR/day 46,691 EUR/day 31,127 EUR/day 15,564 EUR/day

Payback after 4 days 5 days 6 days 10 days 19 days




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Calculation based on HSD Oil PriceCC

Incremental (additional cost)

for modification of one unit 300,000 EUR

Efficiency combined-Cycle

power plant 40%

HSD Oil Price 2.36EUR / gallon

Energy density of HSD oil 9.794 kWh / liter

1 gallon equals to 3.7854 liter

Installed Capacity 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW 125 MW

Daily off-peak energy production 20 h 16 h 12 h 8 h 4 h

Energy production of modified

unit of Cirata during off-peak

hours 2500 MWh 2000 MWh 1500 MWh 1000 MWh 500 MWh

Off-peak reagulating power

costs generated by

combined-cycle PP based on

HSD oil 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh 0.1591 EUR/kWh

Costs per day 397,849 EUR/day 318,280 EUR/day 238,710 EUR/day 159,140 EUR/day 79,570 EUR/day

Payback after 1 day 1 day 1 day 2 days 4 days




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Runner Replacement



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12Prepared by: Mr. Adhi SatriyaPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya

Why Hydro Power can be used for ancillary service?

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Hydro Power Plants can provide Primary and Secondary Reserve Energy

most economically and get paid for Ancil lary Services !

• Compared to other types of power plants Hydro Power Plants are able to provide very

fast and easy ancillary service (power regulation).

• Hydro Power Plants are predestinated to take over tasks regarding primary control and

power regulation!

• In the usual scheduled refurbishment after centuries of operation a hydro power plantcan be designed for power regulation.

• This can be done very economical. The additional costs for certain analysis (strength

analysis, etc.) and for a most likely slightly heavier runner are low compared to the

capability of power regulation.

• This solution reduces tremendous the OPEX and leads to least CAPEX costs.


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Why CIRATA HPP Power Plant is a good choice?

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NO DETAILEDINVESTIGATIONS in

1984

INTERESTED AREA• CIRATA HPP is since 30 years in operation. Due to

the life time analysis a refurbishment or a runnerreplacement is reasonable with regards to

efficiency and maintenance costs.

• CIRATA HPP has been equipped already with

some new governors which can be used for power

regulation.

• The center line of CIRATA is very low (deep setting

level). This gives a major advantageous in part load

operation. This leads to a smoother part load

operation (less pressure pulsation, less noise, etc.)

and allows the operation from 0 - 100% withoutrestrictions.


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Refurbishment Alternatives!

Option 1: Runner Replacement without

development

Scope of Supply:

Manufacturing, Installation

Option 2: Runner Replacement with new

developed runner

Scope of Supply:

Development (CFD & model test), Transient Calculation,

Design, Manufacturing, Installation

Option 3: Runner Replacement with new

developed runner which can be used for

power regulation

Scope of Supply:

Development (CFD & model Test) under consideration

of the operation range, Transient Calculation, Special

analysis, Design, Manufacturing, Installation

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Additional Analysis needed

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Special analysis regarding:

• Lifetime Analysis & Stress Analysis

• Critical Speed & Turbine Shaft stress

• Spiral case & stay vanes stress

analysis

• Wicket gate mechanism (analysis)

• Guide vane stress analysis• Bottom ring & head cover

• Regulation ring


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Design Differences

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The difference of the runner fit for power regulation compared to a

conventional are:

• runner will be slightly heavier to withstand the dynamic forces in part

load (robust design)

• we have to investigate the possibility of air admission to avoid harmful

pressure fluctuations and noise in part load operation

• the efficiency of the runner will be slightly lower compared to a

conventional runner due to the thicker blades at the runner trailingedge

• the costs of the runner will be about 10% higher


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Regulating Power in Europe



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European Grid – What‘s the situation now?

• The loads in the grid have been increased dramatically. Peaking becomes moreand more necessity. -> Peaking!

• Also the end consumer have changed over the last years. For example new

television are very voltage sensitive. -> Voltage Control!

• In parallel the production of sustainable energy due to the installed wind andsolar power plant increased.

• Energy out of wind and solar have following main disadvantegous:

• intermittency

• low predictable

• low reliable

• non dispatchable

• The load in the grid is changing and to remain with all synchronous generators

at synchronous frequency we have to regulate it fast. -> Frequency Control!

• Frequency control is needed to balance the generated and consumed energy.

Is also needed to allow the connection of tow grids.

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The ENTSO-E Grid – at present

Supply of appr.

450 million people with

electricity

900 GW Generating capacity

Annual electrical consumption

appr. 3500 TWh

ENTSO-E – European Network of Transmission System Operators

Zone 1 Zone 2

TWh

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The ENTSO-E Grid – in the future

Supply of appr.800 million people with

electricity

Appr. 1200 GW installedcapacity

Increasing grid stability

Hydro Power as

stabilizing factor

Inter-Area Oscillation Hydro Power as damping

factor

World-wide the largest synchronous grid without existing example !

UCTE Netz - Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity

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The Role of Renewable Energy in the Grid

Renewable Energy has

tremendously strengthened

its role in the European

energy mix increasingtendency

Germany 2010:

25 GW installed windpower

10 GW installed solar

power

Require backup for base load

and peak Hydro Power

PlantsENTSO-E Grid Szenario 2010 - 2025

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Wind Energy Development in Germany

German Wind Power

Plants 1990

German Wind Power

Plants 2011 (27 GW)www.andritz.com


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Solar Energy Development in Germany

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German Solar Power Plants 2005-2012


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Grid Regulation & Grid Stabili ty

System Inertia

Governor

Load Frequency Control

Anci llary Services

Dispatching Control

1sec 1min 1hr

L o a d

F l u c t u a t i o n

Approx.1-3% of Network

Capacity

Primary Control Secondary Control

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Hydro Power Plants can provide Primary and

Secondary Reserve Energy most economically

and get paid for Anci llary Services !


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Hydro Power Plants providing ancillary services

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fast – flexible – powerful in order to balance the grid

Production

Consumption

Hydropower plus Wind

schematic illustration

MW

Frequency Control

Load

Hydro

Wind

source: IEA - World Energy Outlook 2010; IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electrici ty 2010


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26Prepared by: Mr. Adhi SatriyaPrepared by: Mr. Adhi Satriya www.andritz.com

Frequency regulation

primary control reserve

secondary control reserveminute reserve

Keep stability in case of grid

disturbances, black start

capability

rebuild grid after

blackouts

Reactive power- resp.voltage control

Island operation capabili ty

Example: Required control reserve in “ Regelzone APG“

Installed Capacity GWp: ~13 GW

Primary control reserve: ± 70 MW

Secondary control reserve: ± 200 MW

Minute reserve: ± ca. 480 MW

Anci llary Services

Hydro Power Technology: Ideal for Ancillary Services

Hydro delivers Regulating Power Fast – Flexibel - Powerful


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The Situation

OPEX cost using gas fired power station for regulating power are very high

CAPEX for planting up of new Open Cycle capacity which is expensive

Due to enough fossil base load (coal and gas fired power station) hydro

power plants with low capacity factors could be switched to peaking andregulating functions

The planned Pump Storage wil l ease the situation

Shift of existing Hydro Assets due for rehabilitation to Regulation Power isa valid option to use minimal CAPEX to reduce OPEX for Regulation Power

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Shift of existing Hydro Assets due for rehabilitation to

Regulation Power

Peaking

Higher regulating regime

Full Ancil lary Servicecapabilities

Smooth frequency control

Fast response time

Peaking

Limited frequency control

Limited Anci llary ServicesSlower Response time

Low OPEX

Least Cost CAPEX forRunner replacement

Fast Implementation time

High OPEX

Higher CAPEX for Capacityaddition

Longer Implementationtime

Regulationby Gas

Open Cycle

Regulationby Hydro

Power

FunctionFunction

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Increase Efficiency in part load operation and enhance Regulation functions

Now

Af ter assessment and

modification

regulating power for hydro power plant (final 08042014).pdf

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