regulation nervous – short, fast response endocrine – long, slow response
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regulation
Nervous – short, fast response
Endocrine – long, slow response
![Page 2: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. NervesA. Made up of neurons
B. Three types 1. Sensory neurons – transmit impulses
from sense organs (eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin) to brain and spinal cord
2. Motor neurons – transmit impulses from brain and spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands)
3. Interneuron – found inside brain and spinal cord, transmit impulses from sensory to motor neurons
![Page 3: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I. Nerves
![Page 4: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. Central Nervous System
A. Brain 1. Large mass of nerve cells protected by
skull
2. Three parts a. Cerebrum
1) Largest part of brain
2) Center for thought, memory and learning
3) Receives and interprets messages from sense organs
4) Initiates ALL voluntary (conscious) movements
![Page 5: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
II. Central Nervous System
b. Cerebellum 1) Located below and behind cerebrum
2) Coordinates ALL motor activities
3) Maintains balance
c. Medulla 1) Base of brain connects to spinal cord
2) Controls involuntary activity (breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, peristalsis)
![Page 6: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
II. Central Nervous System
![Page 7: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
II. Central Nervous System
B. Spinal Cord 1. Surrounded and protected by vertebrae
of backbone
2. Coordinates activities between brain and body structures
![Page 8: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
III. Peripheral Nervous System
A. All neurons outside CNS carry impulses from spinal cord to rest of body
B. Two divisions 1. Somatic Nervous System
a. Nerves control mvmts of VOLUNTARY muscles of body and sensory nerves that transmit impulses from receptors to CNS
![Page 9: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
III. Peripheral Nervous System2. Autonomic Nervous
System a. Nerves control smooth
muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
b. INVOLUNTARY CONTROL (heartbeat, peristalsis, respiration)
![Page 10: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IV. Behavior & Nervous System
A. Habit 1. Learned behavior becomes automatic
through repetition
2. Repetition makes faster pathways for response to a certain stimulus
3. Riding bike / Throwing a ball
![Page 11: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IV. Behavior & Nervous System
B. Reflexes 1. Automatic, inborn response to certain
stimulus
2. Follows reflex arc (Stimulus-Receptor-Sensory Neuron-Interneuron-Motor Neuron-Effector/Muscle)
3. Protective in nature, rapid response to dangerous stimulus
![Page 12: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IV. Behavior & Nervous System
![Page 13: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
V. Disorders A. Cerebral Palsy
1. Caused by damage to parts of brain that controls voluntary mvmt
2. Damage occurs during development
Boy using sensors to teach him how to walk.
![Page 14: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
V. DisordersB. Meningitis
1. Inflammation of membranes around brain and spinal cord
2. Caused by bacterial or viral infections
3. Headache, muscle stiffness, fever and chills
![Page 15: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
V. DisordersC. Stroke
1. Brain is damaged from broken blood vessel or blood clot in brain
D. Polio1. Virus attacks
CNS, causing paralysis or breathing difficulties, can be prevented by vaccination
![Page 16: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
VI. Endocrine Glands A. Hypothalamus
1. Small part of brain that secretes hormones that affect pituitary gland
B. Pituitary gland 1. Located at base of brain 2. Growth Stimulating Hormone – stimulate
growth of long bones 3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone – stimulate
secretion of thyroxin (from thyroid) 4. Follicle Stimulating Hormone – stimulates
development of follicles in ovaries of females and sperm development in males
![Page 17: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VI. Endocrine Glands
C. Thyroid gland 1. Located in neck and produces Thyroxin
2. Thyroxin regulates rate of metabolism
D. Parathyroid glands 1. Inside Thyroid gland makes
parathormone (controls Ca metabolism)
![Page 18: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
VI. Endocrine Glands
E. Adrenal glands 1. On top of each kidney
2. Secretes adrenaline (inc blood sugar, heartbeat and breathing, fight or flight)
F. Islets of Langerhans 1. Inside pancreas
2. Insulin – absorption of sugar from blood into body cells
3. Glucagon – convert glycogen into glucose to raise blood sugar levels
![Page 19: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
VI. Endocrine Glands
G. Gonads 1. Testes
a. Testosterone – development of male sex organs and sex characteristics, also production of sperm
2. Ovaries a. Estrogen – development of female sex organs
and characteristics also production of egg cells
b. Progesterone – thickening of uterine lining to prepare for implantation of embryo (fertilized egg)
![Page 20: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
VI. Endocrine Glands
![Page 21: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VII. Feedback A. Positive
1. One substance increases another2. Effect of Estrogen on Uterine lining
B. Negative1. Level of one hormone stimulates / inhibits
the production of another 2. [thyroxin] in blood is low, pituitary
releases TSH. TSH stimulates thyroid to release thyroxin. When [thyroxin] reaches a certain level secretion of TSH by pituitary is stopped. Allow body to control [thyroxin], to maintain homeostasis
![Page 22: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
VII. Feedback
(TRH)
(TSH)
![Page 23: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
VIII. DisordersA. Goiter
1. Enlarged thyroid
2. Cause – lack of iodine in diet
![Page 24: Regulation Nervous – short, fast response Endocrine – long, slow response](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110401/56649e195503460f94b054b8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
VIII. DisordersB. Diabetes
1. Islets of Langerhans do not secret enough insulin into blood stream
2. Blood glucose level is inc (not enough glucose in cells)
Type 1 Diabetes
(autoimmune)