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MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPURA
PRACTICAL TRAINING SEMINARON
“SOLAR PANEL & EMT PRODUCTION”
TAKEN ATRAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTS LTD.
KANAKPURA, JAIPUR
Submitted to: Submitted by: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAWAN KUMAR JANGID (MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2013UEE1166 JAIPUR 302017) 7TH semester, B.Tech.
SESSION (2016-17)
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COMPANY PROFILE Industry Rajasthan Electronics &
Instrumentation Ltd, Jaipur
situated at the Kanakpura Industrial area, Jaipur It is a Public Sector Undertaking.
It is a joint venture between Gov. of India And
Gov. of Rajasthan.
Shareholding Pattern
1) Gov. of India 51% Holding
2) Gov. of Rajasthan 49% Holding
Started operations in Agro-Dairy division in 1982
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Entered the area of Renewable Energy through SPV technology in 1985
conferred the status of a ‘MINI RATNA’ by the Ministry of Heavy Industries &
Public Enterprises, Government of India in 1997.
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CONTENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY
Solar Photo Voltaic Module
1) Introduction
2) How PV cells work ?
3) Manufacturing process of SPV Modules
4) Features & applications of SPV cells
ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER
1) Introduction
2) working principle
3) Features of EMT
Conclusion
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Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV)Modules
Cells are made up of silicon.
SPV connected assembly of solar cells.
SPV module is used to convert sun light into electrical energy.
Output of each cell is 0.5 - 0.6 volt DC.
Output Current depends on Area of the cell and the amount of Light falling.
Higher voltages and current are obtained by connecting these cells in series or
parallel according to the requirement.
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SPV MODULE
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They are made up of Silicon which is a semi conducting material.
These material absorb the sunlight , thereby knocking out loose electrons
from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to
produce electricity.
This process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called
the Photovoltaic (PV) Effect
This energy is stored in batteries and can be used in night hours.
How PV Cells Work?
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The Solar Panel trap the energy from the sun during daytime whose output is fed to
a charge controller which is then fed to the battery . DC circuits are directly fed but
AC is produced with the help of an inverter which is then forwarded to an AC
load .
Conversion of Solar energy into Electricity
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Characteristics of SPV modules
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Manufacturing Process ofSPV Modules
Tabbing Of Cells
Row Making
Stringing
Lay- Up
Lamination
Curing
Trimming
Channeling
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Manufacturing Processin Detail
1. Tabbing of Cells Process of making terminals of a bare cell by soldering copper strips to the bus bar.
Tabbing
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2. Row Making A row of cells is made by connecting positive surfaces of one cell to the negative
surface of another cell.
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Row of cells
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3. Stringing The rows of SPV cells are connected in series to get desired power rating. This process is called stringing.
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3.1 Stringing checking This String is checked visually for any kind of faults. Reverse string Dry point Dry soldering Loose connection
3.2 Lay-up In this process, solar
cells are put in between various layers for lamination and curing process. Laminating materials are
Top glass EVA sheet
Height & Angle adjustment support
EVA sheet
Mounting plateEVA sheet
Solar Cells
TOP GLASS
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4. Lamination Solar cells are laminated between back sheet (Polyester Taddler) and high transitivity toughened glass. EVA is used to provide environmental
protection. The designed lay up is sand-witched
between these layers. This process takes place at1100C for 11
minutes.
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5. Curing This process comes after the lamination to attain the full strength of
laminating material.
The module is placed into 120oC temperature for 20 minutes.
6. Electrical Inspection
This process is done to check the output performance of the module
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7. Channeling
Modules are channelled from all the four sides.
Anodized aluminium frames are used for channelling.
Channels prevent any damage to the module.
A terminal box is also fitted for external connections.
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TabbingProcess of making
terminals on a bare cell by soldering copper strips to
the bus bar.
Stringing & String checking
Four rows are connected in series to give a total of
36 cells in series connection.
Lay upProcess of placing
laminating material to the either side of the string.
Laminationlaminating materials are attached to the string on
both sides
CuringDone to attain the full strength of laminating
material
Trimming & InspectionExtra laminating material
is cut and string is checked
ChannelingTo provide structural
support to the module, channels are fixed around
it
Terminal box fitting and soldering Final Inspection
STORAGE
If, not okay
If, okay
PRODUCTION OF AN
SPV MODULE
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Pros & Cons of PV Cells
Can be designed for variety of applications and operational requirements.
Have no moving parts.
Expandable.
Transportable.
The fuel (sunlight) is free.
No noise pollution or any other type of pollution.
Requires minimum maintenance.
Have long service lifetimes (upto 20 years).
FEATURES :-
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Pros & Cons of PV Cells(Contd..)
High Cost.
Large Surface Area.
Doesn’t work at night.
Not reliable unless kept in a very sunny climate.
Disadvantages
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Application of SPVSPV Home Lightening System
SPV water Pumping System
SPV Dusk Dawn System
SPV Street Lightening System
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Electronic Milk Tester
It is an instrument which is used for the measurement of fat percentage in milk.
Percentage of fat content is displayed quickly and accurately on a digital readout.
Operates on AC-mains as well as on battery.
It doesn't use any type of corrosive chemical.
Much better than old traditional methods.
Several thousand small and large dairies and Village Milk Collection Centers are
being benefited with its use.
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Working Principle
It works on the photometric measurement of light scattered by the fat
globules present in the milk sample.
Proteins, SNF, lactose may also affect measurement. Dissolve them using
diluent.
To make fat globules same size a homogenizer section is used.
6.20Photocell
Photo lamp Digital ReadoutCuvette
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PHOTOCELL
MILK SAMPLE
DISPENSER UNIT DILUENT
HOMOGENIZER
PHOTO METER
DIGITAL READOUT
Procedure
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1. MILK IN
(i) Gently shake milk sample.
(ii) Place sample under milk intake.
(iii) Push milk in button.
2.. MIX OUT
(i) Empty mix beaker.
(ii) Place mix beaker under milk
intake.
(iii) Push mix out button.
STEP 1
STEP 2
How to Measure
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3. PUMP
(i) Move mix beaker to mix
intake.
(ii) Raise and lower handle three
times.
4. READ
(i) Read the fat percentage in
display and record it.
STEP 3
STEP 4
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Features of EMTOperate on AC mains as well as battery.
Performs 110-130 samples per hour.
Instant measurement and display of milk fat.
Instant calculation of amount payable.
Printing facility.
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Conclusion
This training made me learn the practical aspects of engineering.
It gave me experience of working in a professional environment with
professional people at a professional place.
I have learnt adjusting myself to the hectic schedule and workload which I
will have to face in the future.
Given me an idea regarding how the theoretical things are put into
application and the errors that are encountered during execution.
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