ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART

I.E.S. ALONSO DE COVARRUBIAS

ESTAD O S PO N TIFIC IO S

C a la b r ia

L ig u r ia

R EIN O D EN ÁPO LES

SIC ILIA

R EPÚ BLIC A D E S IEN A

R EPÚ BLIC A D E FLO R EN C IA

R EPÚ BLIC AVEN EC IAN A

D U C AD O D E FER R AR A

D U C AD O D E M ILÁN

D U C AD O D E SABO YA

PIAM O N TE

M AR Q U ESAD O D E SALU ZZO

D U C AD O D E M Ó D EN A

MONTFERRATO

VeronaVenecia

Istria

Rímini

Umbría

Nápoles Bari

Palermo

Mesina

Lucca

PisaFlorencia

Roma

Siena

Urbino

Bolonia

MilánTurín

Génova

B loqueE l Renac imientoV I I Im agen 1 Historia del arte. 2º Bachillerato

L os estados italianosen el s iglo X V I

A Am érica

A Sicilia

A UpsalaRenacimiento italianoPrincipales focosde difusiónDirección dela expansión

Principales centrosdel Renacimiento yel humanismoPrincipales centrosde arquitecturarenacentista

Florencia

Milán Venecia

Rom aBarcelona

Sevilla

Granada

Pau

Évora

Brujas

Chantilly

Rostock

Copenhague

Deventer

Cracovia

Lübeck

W ittem berg

París

BoloniaMontpelier

Londres

Cam bridge

LeipzigBruselas

OxfordLeyde

Toledo

Úbeda

León

Coim braAlcalá de Henares

Salam anca

Burdeos

Toulouse

Poitiers

Pisa

Salerno

Nápoles

Danzig

Lisboa

Castillos del Loira Estrasburgo

LovainaRuán

Am beres

IngoldstadtFontainebleau

El Escorial

Aix

Bari

Mantua Ferrara

Lyon GinebraVerona

AugsburgoBasilea Tubinga

ErfurtHeidelberg

Badajoz

Urbino

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L a difus ión del Renac imiento italiano (siglos XV-XVI)

Characteristics• Restoration of ancient greek and roman tradition.• Usage of non religious themes.• Expression of ideal Beauty. Human being as the most

perfect of God’s works.• Study of Nature.• Study of Human Anatomy.• Artists are no longer unknown craftsmen and they

enjoy of social prestige.• Birth of patronage. Due to the widespread of the idea

of posterity, great Renaissance Noblemen wish to leave their image in the art and will help the artists.

Architecture in The Quattrocento

•Search for domain of space from simple elements.•Racionalization and organisation of the space respecting human proportions.•Usage of typical elements from ancient greek and roman art: columns, pediments, round arches and dome.•The first great building in Renaissance was the Dome of the Cathedral in Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi, who together with Leon Batista Alberti introduce the harmonic geometry in their compositions.•Apart from churches, the palazzos for nobility and bourgeoisie will be the main buildings in the Italian Quattrocento.

Architecture in The Quattrocento: Palazzo Pitti

Sculpture in The Quattrocento•Sculptors were worried about the represetantion of human being in an ideal and rational manner. They re-took the ancient models from classicism and nudes. •Main work material is marble, which implies great technical skills. •Introduction of pictures of the main figures in the Renaissance.

Donatello will be the first one in the style. He works

with elegance and harmony, giving great vitality to his works. Verrochio, master of

Leonardo, works in more intense models from the

point of view of expression. Putting together these two

sculptures dedicated to David we understand the

differences.

Sculpture in The Quattrocento

•Another of the great masters is Lorenzo Ghiberti, who was outstandig in his technique and domain of bronze and reliefs. His main work is Paradise Gates in the Baptisterio of Florence Cathedral.

Painting in The Quattocento

•The great innovation will be the usage of perspective and profound study of light.•The representation of depth in a flat surface will turn into an obsession for painters.•Naturalistic representation of landscapes and sceneries where characters move will be of great importance.•Respecting portrait, painters will find a great motivation in representing the characters’ psychology.•The topics will be mainly religious, mythologic and portraits.•They ussually represent their patrons inside the scenes. Italian 15th Century background.•Masaccio, Piero della Francesca or Sandro Boticelli are some of the main masters.L as figura s de los d onantes se dispon en

al mism o nivel que los pers onajes s agrad os

L a pintura m ural res ponde a una ilusión óp tica,para c rea r u n e spac io arquitec tónico ima gin ado

La co ncepc ión de la ar quitectura y la visiónde las f igur as res ponde a un punto de v is ta ba jo,qu e engra ndece las p roporcione s

La p rofundidad s e logra aplic ando las leye sde la persp ectiv a y dis poniendo las figura sen planos su ces iv os

L a arquite ctura reprod uce los elem entos clás ic osq ue ahora s e rec upera n: pilas tra s corint ia s, c olum na sjónica s, bóv eda de m edio punto de c ase tone s

El conce pto rotundo y esc ultórico de las figura ss e construye c on unos plegados v oluminos os

La com pos ic ión se realiza de a cue rdo c onu n dise ño simé trico y piram idal, e n e l que na dase esc apa a un control previo

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M asac c ioLa Trinidad con la Virgen,san Juan y donantes (1427)

E l Re na c imiento Imagen 7 H istoria de l arte. 2º B achil le ra to

Masacio: The Trinity

Painting in The QuattocentoPiero della Francesca: Pala de Brera. This picture is in Milan, and shows a Sacred conversation, between Virgin Mary and other saints. In the first line is Duke of Montefeltro, patron who payed the picture. It is a geometric composition, arranged in a triangle and a sphere. The colours are pale, and the light is cold.

Painting in The Quattocento

Sandro Boticelli: The spring is an allegorical and mythological picture, great movement can be appreciated

Architecture in The Cinquecento

• The best example, that summarizes all characteristics of Architecture in The Cinquecento, is Saint Peter’s Basilica, in Rome. Great masters as Bramante, Rafael de Sanzio, Miguel Ángel (who made the dome), Bernini (who made the colonade in the square) and Maderno (who made the facade) worked in this building.•This building has the elements from ancient greek and roman art, but with more freedom and movement. The rational space of The Quatrocentro turns into more dramatic in The Cinquecento.•In Northern Italy, Andrea Palladio uses the ground plan of the ancient greeks temples in the Villas, big houses (manors) for the bourgeoisie, with traps and optical tricks to make the viewer enjoy

Architecture in The Cinquecento: Saint Peter’s

Architecture in The Cinquecento: Saint Peter’s

Miguel Ángel. San Pedro del Vaticano(finales del sig lo XVI)

Brunelleschi. Catedral de Florencia(1417-1420)

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De la c úpula de la c atedral de F lorenc ia a la de San P edro del Vat ic ano

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From the dome of Santa Maria in Florence to the dome in Saint Peter’s, Rome

Cathedral in Florence Saint Peter’s Basilica

(late XVIth century)

Architecture in The Cinquecento: PalladioB loque

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P alladio Villa Rotonda (1550)

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Sculpture in The Cinquecento

•The main sculptor is Miguel Ángel Buonarroti.•He didn’t look for harmony or balance, because he liked dramatic expression (terribilità).•His art evolved from balance and smooth surface until movement and dramatic quality. He showed scenes with tension and a great psychological force in his characters. Moses, at Julio II’s tomb, and David, are two examples of this evolution.

Scuplture in The Cinquecento: Miguel Ángel

Piedad del Vaticano(1495)

Piedad de Florencia(1550)

Piedad Rondanini(1564)

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E l tema de la P iedad en M iguel A ngel

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Theme of “La Pietá” in Michelangelo

Pietá in Vatican Pietá in Florence Pietá Rondanini

Escultura del Cinquecento: Cellini

Benvenutto Cellini, is a great scuptor in The Cinquecento, but he was in eclipsed by Miguel Ángel. His models are calm and rested. Some of his main works are Perseo, and a salt cellar for the King of France. This salt cellar shows Neptune.

Painting in The Cinquecento: Leonardo da Vinci•Leonardo da Vinci is the great genius in Renaissance. He was an example of humanist

interested in science, art, and every branches of knowledges. •As a painter, he was obsessed with light, atmosphere and perspective.•In his “Last Supper”, a fresco painting made in Milan, he obtained a great composition.

Painting in The Cinquecento: Leonardo da Vinci•He used complex technical skills as sfumato, reflecting the mist that envelops

the bodies in the horizon. With this skills he took a step forward in painting. The Virgin on the rocks and Gioconda, are beautiful examples.

Painting in The Cinquecento: Rafael de Sanzio•He is considered as one of the best artists in Renaissance. He was an expert in painting skills.•He made splendid portraits.•His compositions were elegant and harmonius.•Some chambers in The Vatican and Madonnas are his reference works.

Painting in The Cinquecento: Miguel Ángel•His main work is in the Sixtine Chapel, in Saint Peter’s Basilica. He shows scenes from the Holy Bible on the ceiling and The Final Judgement.•The represented bodies are very sculptural and he likes leveing them floating in space, out of the rules of physics.•He is a master in the use of colours.