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_jdjweocjs

iekjtfj lmaajrjd`j

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Jurhpj Lmrj`t ms e sjrvm`j th fjcp yhu amdl edswjrs

th yhur qujstmhds eohut tfj Jurhpjed Zdmhd.

Arjjpfhdj duiojr(*)7

22 622 1 > 6 = 52 55

(*) @jrtemd ihomcj tjcjpfhdj hpjrethrs lh dht ecchw e``jss th 22 622 duiojrs hr tfjsj `eccs iey oj omccjl.

Hdcmdj mdahrietmhd eohut Jurhpjed Zdmhd rjdjweocj jdjrny phcm`yms evemceocj et fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/rjdjweocjs/mdljxXjd.fti

@etechnumdn lete `ed oj ahudl et tfj jdl ha tfms puocm`etmhd.

Cuxjiohurn7 Ruocm`etmhds Haam`j ha tfj Jurhpjed Zdmhd, ?255

MPOD =>6-=?->=-51=66-:

lhm752.?600/:?:16

Jurhpjed Zdmhd, ?255

_jprhlu`tmhd ms eutfhrmsjl prhvmljl tfj shur`j ms e`kdhwcjlnjl.

Iedus`rmpt hipcjtjl md H`thojr ?252.

@hvjr pfhth7 mPth`kpfhth

Rfhths hurtjsy ha7 Jurhpjed Zdmhd, mPth`kpfhth, Kyred HDjmcc

hd ojfeca ha \fj @hdvjdtmhd @jdtrj Luocmd, Pfuttjrsth`k

Rrmdtjl md Ojcnmui

R_MD\JLHD^FM\J@FCH_MDJ-A_JJRERJ_

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Ahrjwhrl

Jurhpjed rjdjweocj jdjrny phcm`y fes djvjr ojjd ihrj miphrtedt. _jdjweocj jdjrny pceys

e ru`mec rhcj md rjlu`mdn nrjjdfhusj nes jimssmhds edl htfjr ahris ha phccutmhd, lmvjrsmaymdn

edl miprhvmdn tfj sj`urmty ha hur jdjrny suppcy edl iemdtemdmdn hur whrcl-cjelmdn, cjed-

jdjrny tj`fdhchny mdlustry. Mt ms ahr tfms rjeshd tfet tfj cjeljrs ha tfj Jurhpjed Zdmhd fevj

enrjjl hd cjneccy omdlmdn detmhdec ternjts ahr md`rjesmdn tfj sferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny, sh es

th e`fmjvj e ?2 % sferj ahr tfj jdtmrj Zdmhd oy ?2?2.

\fjsj ternjts, `hdtemdjl md tfj rjdjweocj jdjrny lmrj`tmvj, erj tfj fjelcmdj ha tfj wfhcj

Jurhpjed rjnucethry areijwhrk md tfms amjcl. \fj Jurhpjed stretjnm` jdjrny tj`fdhchny pced

prhvmljs e areijwhrk ahr ljvjchpmdn djw mdlustrmec mdmtmetmvjs; jdjrny ceojcs edl j`h-ljsmnd

jdjrny jaam`mjd`y stedlerls fjcp md`rjesj jdjrny jaam`mjd`y edl lrmvj lhwd jdjrny `hdsuiptmhd; edl tfj rjdjweocj jdjrny

lmrj`tmvj rjqumrjs pceddmdn, tremdmdn, sustemdeomcmty `rmtjrme edl htfjr rjnucethry rjahris th jdsurj wj njt tfj iess ljpchyijdt

ha cjed tj`fdhchny wj djjl th rje`f tfj ?2 % ternjt.

\fms Jurhpjed areijwhrk sfhucl fjcp jvjryhdj ihvj th e ihrj sustemdeocj jdjrny suppcy. Detmhdec edl rjnmhdec nhvjrdijdts

fevj th tekj ijesurjs edl rjlu`j oerrmjrs, out mdlmvmluecs, es jdjrny hdsuijrs, whrkjrs, ijiojrs ha fhusjfhcls edl jdjrny

prhlu`jrs, ed ecc e`tmvjcy rjlu`j jdjrny hdsuiptmhd edl iekj jdjrny hdsuiptmhd nrjjdjr.

\fms orh`furj hutcmdjs tfj jxmstmdn rjnucethry areijwhrk edl jxpcemds tfj lmaajrjdt tj`fdhchnmjs wfm f wj ecrjely fevj hr erj

ljvjchpmdn tfet `ed iekj tfj ?2 % ternjt gust tfj amrst stjp thwerls e chw-`erohd jdjrny auturj. M ojcmjvj hur ghos, hur mdlustry,

hur auturj edl hur pcedjt ljpjdl uphd tfms. \hnjtfjr wj `ed iekj tfj lmaajrjd`j!

Ndtfjr Hjttmdnjr

Jurhpjed @hiimssmhdjr ahr Jdjrny

5

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@hdtjdts

_jdjweocjs md ljiedl

JZ rjdjweocj jdjrny ?2?2 vmsmhd 6

@cmietj `fednj edl jdjrny jaam`mjd`y ternjts 52

Fhw lh wj ijjt tfj ternjts8 55

Kjy typjs ha rjdjweocj jdjrny 5?

Omhjdjrny7 omhiess, omhnes edl omhaujcs 5?

Phcer jdjrny 5

H`jed jdjrny 56

Fylrh phwjr 5=

Njhtfjriec jdjrny edl fjet puips ?2

Chhkmdn th tfj auturj ?5Mdtjccmnjdt jdjrny ?5

Ptretjnm` jdjrny tj`fdhchny pced ??

\fj hutchhk ahr ?2?2 edl ?202 ?0

0

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Imccmhds ha pjhpcj e`rhss Jurhpj erj trymdn th oj ihrj

nrjjd. ^j wedt th rjlu`j phccutmhd edl hur hwd `erohd

ahhtprmdt, out mt hatjd lhjsdt sjji jesy. Et Jurhpjed cjvjc,

tfj JZ ms puttmdn md pce`j phcm`mjs tfet wmcc fjcp us th lh

gust tfet.

Zsmdn rjdjweocj jdjrny ms hdj jaaj`tmvj wey ha iekmdn

hur jdjrny suppcy ihrj jdvmrhdijdteccy armjdlcy. Iedy

JZ `mtmzjds whucl cmkj th oj ojttjr mdahrijl eohut wfetrjdjweocjs erj edl fhw tfjy `ed ojst oj usjl. Fhpjauccy,

tfms orh`furj wmcc prhvmlj tfj dj`jssery mdahrietmhd.

Ph, wfy ms rjdjweocj jdjrny sh ettre`tmvj8 \fj edswjr ms

smipcj. Mt wmcc jdeocj us th lmvjrsmay hur jdjrny shur`js edl

rjlu`j hur jx`jssmvj ljpjdljd j hd nes, `hec edl hmc. Mt ms

tfus tfj surjst ijeds wj fevj ha ohtf rjlu`mdn jimssmhds

edl miprhvmdn tfj sj`urmty ha hur jdjrny suppcy.

Md ellmtmhd, et e tmij ha j`hdhim` ud`jrtemdty, tfj rjdjw-

eocj jdjrny tj`fdhchny mdlustry ms hdj wfm`f kjjps hd

nrhwmdn, prhvmlmdn ghos edl ljvjchpmdn djw tj`fdhchnmjs,edl fjcps Jurhpj th iemdtemd mts pce`j et tfj ahrjarhdt

ha nchoec mdlustrmec mddhvetmhd.

Rrhtj`tmdn tfj jdvmrhdijdt

\fj wey wj hotemd hur jdjrny cmjs et tfj fjert ha jaahrts

th te`kcj `cmietj `fednj edl rjlu`j phccutmhd. Hur `urrjdt

jdjrny suppcy ms stmcc lhimdetjl oy ahssmc aujcs, wfm`f nmvj

haa nrjjdfhusj nesjs wfjd wj ourd tfji th prhlu`j

jdjrny. _jdjweocj jdjrny shur`js hd tfj htfjr fedl,

jimt dh nrjjdfhusj nesjs hr hdcy siecc eihudts lurmdn

tfjmr cmaj`y`cj. Md`rjesmdn tfjmr sferj md hur jdjrny imx wmcc

fjcp ut nrjjdfhusj nes jimssmhds edl rjlu`j hur `hccj`t-

mvj `erohd ahhtprmdt. E ?2 % sferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny ( 5)

`hucl evhml 122=22 It@H?jimssmhds pjr yjer. _jdjweocj

jdjrny wmcc ecsh fjcp rjlu`j emr phccutmhd, tfjrjoy fevmdne lmrj`t jaaj`t hd hur lemcy fjectf.

_jdjweocjs md ljiedl

(5) Oesjl hd ijesurmdn nrhss amdec jdjrny `hdsuiptmhd (NAJ@).= % ha tfj

JZs nrhss mdcedl jdjrny hdsuiptmhd (sjj nrepf). Jurhpjojdjamts arhi md`rjesmdn tfj rednj ha aujcs evemceocj th

prhlu`j jdjrny, es wjcc es tfj shur`js edl duiojr ha

suppcmjrs ha su`f aujcs. Pu`f lmvjrsmty rjlu`js tfj rmsks

ha `uts md suppcy edl prm`j vhcetmcmty edl jd`hurenjs jaam-

`mjd`y oy md`rjesmdn `hipjtmtmhd md tfj jdjrny sj`thr.

E ?2 % sferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny `hucl ut hur ahssmc

aujc miphrts oy ?22 ithj (?) pjr yjer (0).

Nrhss mdcedl hdsuiptmhd oy aujc (JZ-?>, ?226)

Ohhstmdn tfj j`hdhiy

_jdjweocj jdjrnmjs ecsh fevj funj phtjdtmec th ohhst

Jurhpjs mdlustrmec hipjtmtmvjdjss. Ljvjchpmdn djw

shur`js ha chw-`erohd jdjrny ms `ru`mec th evhml tfj ies-

smvj `hsts ha `cmietj `fednj edl phccutmhd, edl kjjpmdn

Jurhpj et tfj ahrjarhdt ha su`f ljvjchpijdts ms ru`mec

ahr tfj j`hdhiy. Fm-tj`f, nrjjd mdlustrmec ljvjchpijdt

ormdns djw vecuj elljl nrjjd ghos edl oumcls hd Jurhpjsmdlustrmec strjdntfs. Jurhpjed hipedmjs urrjdtcy lhimd-

etj tfj nchoec rjdjweocj jdjrny ieduae`turmdn sj`thr,

jipchymdn hvjr 5.: imccmhd pjhpcj wmtf e turdhvjr ha hvjr

JZ_ :2 omccmhd. mtf hdtmdujl strhdn nrhwtf tfj sj`thr

`hucl prhvmlj edhtfjr imccmhd ghos oy ?2?2 edl lhuocj

hr jvjd trmpcj mts turdhvjr.

(?) Imccmhd thddjs ha hmc jqumvecjdt.(0) Oesjl hd ijesurmdn nrhss amdec jdjrny `hdsuiptmhd (NAJ@).

Phur`j7 Jurhstet.

Nes | ? %

Hmc | 01.: %

:

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_jdjweocj jdjrny `ed oj usjl ahr ecc hur jdjrny djjls

prhlu`mdn jcj`trm`mty, ruddmdn tredsphrt edl fjetmdn

hur fhusjs. \fj lmaajrjdt typjs ha rjdjweocj jdjrny

(sjj pp. 525>) iey oj usjl md lmaajrjdt weys edl dht

ecc erj sumteocj ahr jvjry eppcm`etmhd. Fylrh edl wmdl erj

jx`cusmvjcy usjl ahr njdjretmdn jcj`trm`mty, wfmcj htfjr

rjshur`js cmkj omhiess (hrnedm` iettjr), njhtfjriec edl

shcer jdjrny `ed oj usjl th prhlu`j ohtf jcj`trm`mty

edl fjet.

Jcj`trm`mty

_jdjweocj jdjrny ms ecrjely fjcpmdn th njdjretj tfj jcj`trm-

`mty tfet wj usj jvjry ley wfjd wj turd hd e cmnft hr wet`f

tjcjvmsmhd (sjj teocj). \fj ae`t tfet JZ jdjrny ierkjts fevj

ojjd hpjdjl up th nrjetjr `hipjtmtmhd ecsh nmvjs tfj

`hdsuijr tfj `fed`j th `fhhsj jcj`trm`mty suppcmjrs tfet

usj ihrj rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js.

@hdtrmoutmhd ha rjdjweocjs th jcj`trm`mty prhlu`tmhd,

?226 (\^f (.> %

Njhtfjriec 5 %

\htec jcj` trm`mt y njd jretmhd JZ -?> 0 0 >< \ f

\htec rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js :1> \^f

Pferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js 51.6 %

Phur`j7 Jurhstet.

\fj usjs ha rjdjweocj jdjrnmjs

(

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Fjetmdn edl `hhcmdn

\fj fjetmdn edl `hhcmdn sj`thr e``hudts ahr feca ha tfj

JZs amdec jdjrny `hdsuiptmhd, ormdnmdn fjet th hur fhijs,

oumclmdns edl th mdlustry edl prhlu`mdn lhijstm` fht wetjr.

_jdjweocj jdjrny cmkj omhiess (wfm`f `urrjdtcy lhimdetjs

rjdjweocj fjetmdn hdsuiptmhd), shcer edl njhtfjriec

jdjrny fes funj phtjdtmec ahr fjetmdn edl hhcmdn. Fhw-jvjr, es rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js e``hudt ahr hdcy 5? % ha

thtec fjetmdn edl `hhcmdn, tfms ms aer arhi ojmdn rjecmsjl.

Ihrj iust oj lhdj th mdtjnretj rjdjweocj tj`fdhchny mdth

iemdstrjei fjetmdn edl `hhcmdn mdlustrmjs. Mt ms ecsh phs-

smocj th md`rjesj usj ha omhiess-amrjl `hiomdjl fjet edl

phwjr pcedts tfet smiuctedjhuscy njdjretj jcj`trm`mty edl

fjet, tfus md`rjesmdn nchoec jdjrny jaam`mjd`y.

@hdtrmoutmhd ha rjdjweocjs

th thtec fjet djjls (JZ-?>, ?226)

Ithj

Omhiess 10.:

Phcer tfjriec 5.5

Njhtfjriec 2.>

Fjet puips (:) ?.?

\htec rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js 1>.:

\htec fjet djjls :1

Pferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js 5? %

Phur`j7 Jurhstet.

\redsphrt

\redsphrts sferj ha jdjrny hdsuiptmhd edl nrjjdfhusj nes

jimssmhds fes md`rjesjl hvjr tmij, iekmdn mt vmtec th miprhvj

aujc jaam`mjd`y edl rjlu`j tredsphrt jimssmhds. Aurtfjrihrj,

=1 % ha jdjrny ahr tredsphrt ms arhi hmc-ljrmvjl prhlu`ts.

Omhaujcs (aujcs ljrmvjl arhi hrnedm` iettjr) erj tfj iemd

suostmtutj ahr pjtrhc edl lmjsjc md tredsphrt es tfjy erjwmljcy evemceocj edl useocj md hrlmdery vjfm`cjs. Zsj ha

omhaujcs su`f es omhlmjsjc, omhjtfedhc edl omhnes ed

prhihtj ihrj sustemdeocj jdjrny usj md tredsphrt edl

rjlu`j ljpjdljd`j hd ahssmc aujcs. Omhaujcs ecsh njdjreccy

jimt cjss nrjjdfhusj nes tfed ahssmc aujcs edl `ed fjcp tfj

JZ ijjt mts hocmnetmhds th rjlu`j su`f jimssmhds.

Qjfm`cjs ruddmdn hd jcj`trm`mty prhlu`jl arhi rjdjweocj

jdjrny shur`js erj edhtfjr ijeds ha md`rjesmdn usj ha

rjdjweocj jdjrny ahr tredsphrt. Zsj ha su`f vjfm`cjs ms

`urrjdtcy chw out jxpj`tjl th nrhw repmlcy.

(:) Lete oesjl hd tfj hudtrmjs tfet rjphrtjl evemceocj mdahrietmhd.

>

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Lmaajrjdt rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js erj et vermhus stenjs

ha tj`fdhchnm`ec edl hiijr`mec ljvjchpijdt. Zdljr

aevhureocj hdlmtmhds, wmdl, fylrh, omhiess edl shcer-tfjr-

iec shur`js ha jdjrny erj j`hdhim`eccy vmeocj. Htfjrs cmkj

pfhthvhctem` jdjrny (wfm`f usjs smcm`hd pedjcs th njdjretj

jcj`trm`mty arhi sudcmnft) rjqumrj md`rjesjl ljiedl th

miprhvj j`hdhimjs ha s`ecj.

Ph, wfmcj rjdjweocjs fevj ojnud th iekj tfjmr ierk edlprhvmlj ihrj jdvmrhdijdteccy-armjdlcy jdjrny, tfj phtjdtmec

rjiemds th md`rjesj tfjmr ierkjt sferj edl jsteocmsf tfji

es hst-jaaj`tmvj, wmljcy usjl hptmhds.

\fj amnurjs hd tfjsj penjs prhvmlj mdahrietmhd hd tfj

rjdjweocj jdjrny smtuetmhd md tfj JZ. Aurtfjr ljtemcs eohut

lmaajrjdt shur`js ed oj ahudl md suosjqujdt feptjrs edl

et fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/rjdjweocjs/mdljxXjd.fti

\fj JZ sjt mdlm`etmvjdetmhdec rjdjweocj jdjrny ternjts

ahr ?252 ahr jcj`trm`mty edl tredsphrt wfm`f erj udcmkjcy th

oj ijt. \fj JZ tfus enrjjl hd e strhdnjr lmrj`tmvj md ?22=

wfm`f wes elhptjl udedmihuscy oy tfj @hud`mc edl oy

e cernj ieghrmty md tfj Jurhpjed Rercmeijdt. \fj kjy jcj-

ijdt ha tfj lmrj`tmvj ms e sjt ha cjneccy omdlmdn detmhdec

ternjts ellmdn up th e sferj ha ?2 % md tfj JZ es e wfhcj.

JZ `hudtrmjs iust ljvjchp detmhdec e`tmhd pceds th ijjt

tfjmr ternjts edl sjt spj`mam` hogj`tmvjs ahr jcj`trm`mty,

fjetmdn edl hhcmdn edl omhaujcs. \fj pceds wmcc rjacj`t

detmhdec mr`uisted`js su`f es rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js

evemceocj md je`f `hudtry. \fjsj erj evemceocj hd tfj Jurh-

pjed @hiimssmhd rjdjweocj jdjrny tredsperjd`y pcetahri

wjopenjs7 fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/rjdjweocjs/

tredsperjd`yXpcetahri/tredsperjd`yXpcetahriXjd.fti

\fj JZ ms e whrcl cjeljr md rjdjweocj jdjrny edl tfj sj`thr

ms ecrjely ha `hdsmljreocj j`hdhim` miphrted`j.

Es rjdjweocj tj`fdhchnmjs fevj ieturjl, prhlu`tmhd ha

rjdjweocj jdjrny fes rmsjd stjelmcy, edl hsts fevj hij

lhwd. Fhwjvjr, ljvjchpijdt fes ojjd udjvjd e`rhss tfj

JZ, edl rjdjweocj jdjrnmjs stmcc rjprjsjdt hdcy e siecc sferj

ha tfj JZs thtec jdjrny imx. Oj`eusj jxtjrdec hsts ha ahssmc

aujcs, su`f es jdvmrhdijdtec mipe`t, erj dht auccy hdsml-jrjl, rjdjweocj jdjrny ms stmcc dht `hipjtmtmvj.

JZ rjdjweocj jdjrny ?2?2 vmsmhd

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Nmvjd tfj pertm`ucer vucdjreomcmty edl hmc ljpjdljd`j ha

tfj tredsphrt sj`thr, tfj _jdjweocj Jdjrny Lmrj`tmvj ecsh

spj`mamjs e 52 % imdmiui ternjt th oj e`fmjvjl oy ecc

JZ Ijiojr Ptetjs ahr tfj sferj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny

(omhaujcs, rjdjweocj jcj`trm`mty) md hvjrecc JZ tredsphrt

pjtrhc edl lmjsjc hdsuiptmhd oy ?2?2.

\fj lmrj`tmvj fes `hiprjfjdsmvj sustemdeomcmty `rmtjrme ahr

omhaujcs prhlu`jl wmtfmd hr hutsmlj tfj JZ. \h quecmay ahr

suosmlmjs hr `hudt thwerls tfj ternjt, tfjmr cmaj-`y`cj jims-

smhds iust oj et cjest 0: % cjss tfed tfj ahssmc aujc ectjrde-

tmvj es ha ?252, rmsmdn th 12 % oy ?256. Omhaujcs iey dht oj

prhlu`jl hd cedl md fmnfcy omh-lmvjrsj erjes (prmiery ahrjst,

nresscedls, prhtj`tjl erjes) hr hd cedl hdvjrtjl arhi erjes

Fylrh | 5= %

^mdl | 1.= %

Phcer | 5.? %

Njhtfjriec | 0.= %

Omhnes | :.5 %

Iudm`mpec shcml westj | 52 %

Omhaujcs | 1.= %

Omhiess edl westj | 1= %^hhl | %

Rrmiery jdjrny prhlu`tmhd arhi rjdjweocj jdjrny

shur`js, orjeklhwd oy mdlmvmluec shur`j (JZ-?>, ?226)

Phur`j7 Jurhstet.

_jdjweocj jdjrnysferjs ha nrhss amdec

`hdsuiptmhd ha jdjrny

_jdjweocj jdjrnysferj md ?22:

_jdjweocj jdjrnysferj ternjt

ahr ?2?2

Ojcnmui ?.? % 50 %

Oucnerme =.< % 51 %

@zj`f _jpuocm` 1.5 % 50 %

Ljdierk 5> % 02 %

Njriedy :.6 % 56 %

Jsthdme 56 % ?: %

Mrjcedl 0.5 % 51 %

Nrjj`j 1.= % 56 %

Ppemd 6.> % ?2 %

Ared`j 52.0 % ?0 %

Mtecy :.? % 5> %

@yprus ?.= % 50 %

Cetvme 0?.1 % .6 % ?< %

Pchvjdme 51 % ?: %

Pchvekme 1.> % 5< %

Amdcedl ?6.: % 06 %

Pwjljd 0=.6 % 6.: % ?2 %

=

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@cmietj `fednj edl jdjrnyjaam`mjd`y ternjts\fj ternjts ahr rjdjweocj jdjrny edl rjdjweocjs md treds-

phrt wmcc `hdtrmoutj th ijjtmdn tfj JZ ternjt ha et cjest

e ?2 % rjlu`tmhd ha nrjjdfhusj nes jimssmhds oy ?2?2

es hiperjl wmtf 5==2. \fms iust oj `hiomdjl wmtf ihrj

jdjrny jaam`mjd`y fjd`j tfj hogj`tmvj ha miprhvmdn tfj

JZs jdjrny jaam`mjd`y oy ?2 % es hiperjl wmtf prhgj`tmhdsahr ?2?2 edl rjlu`jl `hdsuiptmhd ha ahssmc aujcs.

Kjy JZ lmrj`tmvjs hd jdjrny edl `cmietj7

Jdjrny prhlu`jl arhi rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js

(Lmrj`tmvj ?22=/?6/J@).

Jdjrny pjrahried`j ha oumclmdns rj`est

(Lmrj`tmvj ?252/05/JZ).

\exetmhd ha jdjrny prhlu`ts edl jcj`trm`mty

(Lmrj`tmvj ?220/=1/J@).

@hnjdjretmhd (Lmrj`tmvj ?22

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Fhw lh wj ijjt tfj ternjts8

\fj ternjts rjqumrj suostedtmec nrhwtf md ecc tfrjj rjdjweocj

jdjrny sj`thrs jcj`trm`mty, fjetmdn edl hhcmdn, edl

tredsphrt. \fms md turd rjqumrjs `hd`jrtjl jaahrt arhi ecc

JZ nhvjrdijdts, mdlustry edl tfj puocm`. \fj JZ fes

supphrtjl rjdjweocj jdjrny tfrhunf phcm`y, cjnmscetmhd,

audlmdn edl rjsjer`f smd`j tfj 5=62s. Md ellmtmhd, Ijiojr

Ptetj mipcjijdtetmhd ha JZ cews wmcc cjel th nrjetjr sup-phrt, tfj rjihvec ha elimdmstretmvj oerr mjrs su`f es hvjrcy

`hipcm`etjl pceddmdn rucjs, miprhvjl nrml e``jss ahr

jcj`trm`mty arhi rjdjweocj jdjrny edl miprhvjl prhlu`t

edl mdsteccjr mdahrietmhd ahr hdsuijrs.

Htfjr JZ mdmtmetmvjs md`culj tfj @hvjdedt ha Ieyhrs, tfrhunf

wfm`f ihrj tfed 5 622 ieyhrs arhi e`rhss tfj JZ fevj

`hiimttjl tfjmr ch`ec `hiiudmtmjs th jx`jjlmdn tfj

JZ ?2?2 ternjts ahr rjlu`mdn `erohd jimssmhds; edl tj`fdm`ec

essmsted`j tfrhunf tfj JCJDE mdmtmetmvj, wfm`f ms ghmdtcy

iedenjl oy tfj Jurhpjed @hiimssmhd edl tfj Jurhpjed

Mdvjstijdt Oedk, th fjcp ch`ec edl rjnmhdec eutfhrmtmjs

th ihomcmsj amded`mdn ahr sustemdeocj jdjrny prhgj`ts.

Njttmdn mdvhcvjl

IedenJdjrny edlPustemdeocj Jdjrny Jurhpj

\fj JZ fes e duiojr ha s`fjijs th prhihtj wmljr

mdvhcvjijdt md rjdjweocj jdjrny. \fj Jurhpjed

@hiimssmhds IedenJdjrnymdmtmetmvj supphrts

ch`ec edl rjnmhdec eutfhrmtmjs edl tfhsj wfh whrk

wmtf tfji, su`f es jdjrny enjd`mjs mdvhcvjl md

jdjrny jaam`mjd`y edl rjdjweocj jdjrnmjs, tfrhunfed mdtjre`tmvj wjosmtj, tremdmdn whrksfhps edl

djtwhrkmdn jvjdts. \fj @hiimssmhds Pustemdeocj

Jdjrny Jurhpj eipemnd remsjs puocm` ewerjdjss

eohut sustemdeocj jdjrny, md`culmdn tfrhunf tfj

JZ Pustemdeocj Jdjrny ^jjk edl Jdjrny Leys, edl

fjcps jvjryhdj pcey tfjmr pert md fednmdn tfj

jdjrny cedls`epj.

Amdl hut fhw th njt mdvhcvjl et7www.iedenjdjrny.djt

www.sustjdjrny.hrn

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Omhjdjrny7 omhiess,omhnes edl omhaujcsOmhiessms ljrmvjl arhi lmaajrjdt typjs ha hrnedm` iettjr

su`f es jdjrny pcedts (hmcsjjls, pcedts hdtemdmdn suner)

edl ahrjstry, enrm`ucturec hr uroed westj md`culmdn whhl

edl fhusjfhcl westj. Omhiess ed oj usjl ahr fjetmdn,

`hhcmdn, prhlu mdn jcj`trm`mty edl tredsphrt omhaujcs.

Zsj ha omhiess smndmam`edtcy rjlu`js nrjjdfhusj nes jims-

smhds. \fj erohd lmhxmlj mt nmvjs haa wfjd ourdjl ms hud-

tjroeced`jl oy tfj eihudt eoshrojl wfjd tfj pcedt

md qujstmhd wes nrhwd. Fhwjvjr, tfjrj erj ecweys shij

jimssmhds arhi prh`jssjs cmkj uctmvetmhd edl aujc prhlu`-

tmhd, sh omhiess ms dht hipcjtjcy erohd-arjj.

Lmaajrjdt typjs ha omhiess usj lmaajrjdt tj`fdhchnmjs edl

prh`jssjs ahr tfj prhlu`tmhd ha omhjdjrny, es sfhwd ojchw.

Phcml omhiess(cmkj whhl edl strew) `ed oj put tfrhunf

prh`jssjs md`culmdn hioustmhd, pyrhcysms, fylrhcysms hr

nesmam`etmhd th prhlu`j omhjdjrny.

Omhnes ed oj prhlu`jl arhi hrnedm` westj tfrhunf

edejrhom` ajrijdtetmhd edl hotemdjl arhi cedlamcc nes.

Mt `ed oj usjl md vjfm`cjs eleptjl th rud hd deturec nes.

^fy omhiess8

Mt lmvjrsmamjs tfj jdjrny suppcy.

Mt rjpce`js fmnf @H?-jimttmdn hdvjdtmhdec aujcs.

Mt fjcps rj`y`cj westj.

Mt prhtj`ts edl `rjetjs ghos md rurec erjes.

Mt jxtjdls tfj JZs tj`fdhchnm`ec cjeljrsfmp

md omhjdjrny.

Kjy typjs ha rjdjweocj jdjrny

Omhiess7 CeftmPtrjeis

\fms mddhvetmvj shcml rj`hvjrjl aujcs (P_A) nesmam`etmhd

phwjr pcedt ms ljvjchpjl oy Ceftm Jdjrnme Hy, Amdcedl.

\j fdhchny fes ecrjely ojjd ljihdstretjl ahr

usmdn cjed shcml omhiess md `h-nesmam`etmhd ahr hec

phwjr prhlu`tmhd. Fhwjvjr, tfms prhgj`t usjs fht

nes cjedmdn edl nes ohmcjr wmtf fmnf vecuj stjei

`y`cj, wfm`f jdeocjs tfj hvjrecc phwjr prhlu`tmhd

jaam`mjd`y th jx`jjl 0: % md hdljdsjl ihlj, tfusijjtmdn tfj JZs westj md`mdjretmhd lmrj`tmvj cmimts.

\fms wmcc prhlu`j

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Omhaujcs edl omhcmqumlshrmnmdetj arhi rjdjweocj

rjshur`js usmdn omhiess (hrnedm` iettjr hr pcedts). \hley

tfjy rjprjsjdt tfj hdcy wmljcy evemceocj jdjrny rjshur`j

tfet `ed rjpce`j ahssmc aujcs md tfj tredsphrt sj`thr.

\fjrj erj twh iemd typjs ha omhaujcs (omhiess usjl md tfj

tredsphrt sj`thr) omhlmjsjc edl omhjtfedhc. \fjsj erj

ohtf cmquml aujcs urrjdtcy ihstcy prh`jssjl arhi enrm`uc-

turec rhps hr pcedts.

Omhlmjsjcms ihstcy prhlu`jl arhi hcjenmdhus pcedts su`f

es repjsjjl hr sudachwjr. Mt ms tfj prhlu`t ha vjnjteocj hmcs

rje`tmdn wmtf ijtfedhc.

Omhjtfedhcms prhlu`jl iemdcy oy ajrijdtetmhd ha suner

arhi suner ojjt, lmaajrjdt `jrjecs, arumts hr jvjd wmdj.

Pj`hdl njdjretmhd omhaujcs, spj`mam`eccy prhihtjl oy tfj

djw lmrj`tmvj, erj ojmdn ljvjchpjl arhi jccuchsj omhiess

ajjlsth`k. \fms wmcc ecchw djw ijtfhls ha omhaujc prhlu`-

tmhd arhi enrm`ucturj, ahrjstry, whhl, pucp edl pepjr prhl-

u`ts, oy-prhlu`ts edl westj tfrhunf ihrj shpfmstm`etjl

prh`jssjs.

^fy omhaujcs8

\fjy hdstmtutj tfj hdcy wmljcy evemceocj rjdjweocjectjrdetmvj th ahssmc aujcs md tredsphrt.

\fjy fjcp rj`y`cj westj.

\fjy lmvjrsmay jdjrny shur`js ahr dhd-hmc prhlu`mdn

`hudtrmjs.

\fjy rjlu`j @H?jimssmhds edl htfjr ahris ha phccutmhd.

\fjy `rjetj ghos, jspj`meccy md enrm`ucturj edl ahrjstry.

Ecc omhaujcs edl omhcmqumls prhlu`jl wmtf supphrt arhi

puocm` audls md tfj JZ hr `hudtmdn thwerls Ijiojr Ptetjternjts ahr rjdjweocj jdjrny md tredsphrt iust `hipcy

wmtf tfj rjdjweocj jdjrny lmrj`tmvj sustemdeomcmty rjnmij.

Omhaujcs7 tj`fdhchny mdmtmetmvj

ahr tfj sustemdeocj prhlu`tmhd

ha omhaujcs

\fj Jurhpjed @hiimssmhd edl JZ mdlustry fevj

km`k-stertjl e ieghr jdjrny tj`fdhchny mdmtmetmvj ahr

tfj sustemdeocj prhlu`tmhd ha omhaujcs. Mdlustry wmcc

ljvjchp djw weys th hdvjrt omhiess rjsmlujs mdth

jtfedhc edl htfjr vecueocj prhlu`ts usmdn elved`jl

edl mddhvetmvj tj`fdhchnmjs.

Pmx cernj ljihdstretmhd prhgj`ts wmcc ellrjss tfj

jdtmrj hdvjrsmhd femd arhi tfj usj ha omhiess,

mdtjrijlmery prh`jssmdn stjps edl mts `hdvjrsmhd mdth

jdl-prhlu`ts et cernj-s`ecj ljihdstretmhd ae`mcmtmjs.

\fj prhgj ts erj7

Ke`jccj www.ke`jccj.ju

CJL www.cjlprhgj`t.ju/jd/fhij

AmorjJtHF www.upi.`hi/jd/eohutXupi/ijlme/

upiXsthrmjs/upiXmsXchhkmdnXmdthX

jtfedhcXprhlu`tmhd/

OMHC]AJ www.omhcyaj.ju

HR\AZJC www.hptaujc.juOMH-LIJ www.omhlij.ju

50

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Phcer jdjrny

\fj sudms tfj whrcls prmiery shur`j ha jdjrny, edl shcer

phwjr ed ferdjss tfj suds reys es e fmnf-tjipjreturj,

`cjed jdjrny shur`j ahr fjet hr jcj`trm`mty.

\fj `hdvjrsmhd ha shcer relmetmhd ahr fjetmdn edl hhcmdn

purphsjs fes e wmlj rednj ha eppcm`etmhds md`culmdn lhijs-

tm` fht wetjr, fjetmdn md oumclmdns edl mdlustrmec prh`jssjs,shcer-essmstjl hhcmdn, ljsecmdetmhd edl swmiimdn phhcs.

Jvjd tfj smipcjst shcer tfjriec systjis `ed prhvmlj ahr

e (shijtmijs cernj) pert ha lhijstm` fht wetjr djjls.

^fmcst su`f systjis erj cjercy ihrj prhlu`tmvj md suddy

`cmietjs, tfj jaam`mjd`y ha djw jqumpijdt ijeds tfet tfjy

`ed et cjest `hdtrmoutj th fht wetjr hr spe`j fjetmdn edy-

wfjrj md tfj JZ (hatjd `hiomdjl wmtf jxmstmdn ohmcjr

systjis). Phcer phwjr `ed ecsh oj usjl md e `hhcmdn systji

th `rjetj emr `hdlmtmhdmdn wmtf fjet eoshrptmhd systjis

(md e smimcer wey th e rjarmnjrethr).

Phcer tfjriec7 PHCJ_E

\fms prhgj`t emis th ljvjchp fmnfcy mdtjnretjl shcer

fjetmdn edl hhcmdn systjis ahr fhijs, siecc haam`j

oumclmdns edl fhtjcs.

\fj nhec ms th usj shcer fjet md suiijr th phwjr

e tfjrieccy lrmvjd hhcmdn prh`jss ahr emr-`hdlmtmhd-

mdn. \fj systji `ed ecsh prhvmlj lmrj`t fjetmdn.

PHCJ_Eemis th ljihdstretj tfj tj`fdm`ec ajesmomcmty,rjcmeomcmty edl `hst-jaaj`tmvjdjss ha tfjsj systjis.

\fjy erj hd`jmvjl es mdtjnretjl pe`kenjs wfm f

wmcc iekj ojttjr usj ha evemceocj shcer relmetmhd tfed

systjis urrjdtcy md usj.

www.shcjre-prhgj`t.ju

5< >1> I^ (1).

Ihljrd wmdl turomdjs jxtre`t jdjrny arhi tfj wmdl oy

tredsajrrmdn tfj ihijdtui ha pessmdn emr th rhthr oceljs.

\fj phwjr tfet `ed oj njdjretjl oy tfj turomdjs ljpjdls

hd tfj ljdsmty ha tfj emr, tfj wmdl spjjl edl tfj smzj ha tfj

turomdj. \fj rhthrs ha ihst wmdl turomdjs ae`j mdth tfj wmdledl ihvj th ahcchw `fednjs md wmdl lmrj`tmhd. Jdjrny ms

`hd`jdtretjl md e rhtetmdn sfeat edl `hdvjrtjl mdth jcj`trm`mty.

^fy wmdl jdjrny8

Mt ms e shur`j ha `cjed jdjrny arjj ha `erohd lmhxmlj

jimssmhds.

Mt prhvmljs chw-`hst mdlmnjdhus phwjr.

Mt ms ecrjely ed miphrtedt jxphrt mdlustry.

Ectfhunf mt `fednjs tfj cedls`epj, enrm`ucturec/

mdlustrmec e`tmvmtmjs ed hdtmduj erhudl mt.

Mt `ed oj ljpchyjl ohtf hd cedl edl haasfhrj.

^mdl7 \wjdtmjs

\wjdtmjsms tfj cernjst rjdjweocj jdjrny rjsjer`f

prhgj`t jvjr audljl oy tfj JZ. Mt emis th smndmam`edtcy

elved`j tfj ljvjchpijdt edl mipcjijdtetmhd

ha djw tj`fdhchnmjs wfm`f ecchw tfj hdshcmletmhd

ha wmdl phwjrs phsmtmhd md tfj Jurhpjed jcj`trm`mty

systji.

Zsmdn smx ljihdstretmhds, mt wmcc jxpchrj weys ha

rjihvmdn oerrmjrs th tfj md`hrphretmhd ha haasfhrj

edl hdsfhrj wmdl jdjrny th tfj jcj`trm`mty systji.

\fj ljihdstretmhds emi th sfhw tfj ojdjamts

ha dhvjc tj`fdhchnmjs hupcjl wmtf mddhvetmvj

systji iedenjijdt epprhe`fjs.

www.twjdtmjs-prhgj`t.ju

(1) www.jwje.hrn/amcjelimd/jwjeXlh`uijdts/lh`uijdts/stetmstm`s/522

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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H`jed jdjrny

H`jeds`hvjr tfrjj quertjrs ha tfj pcedjt edl `hdsj-

qujdtcy h`jed jdjrny rjprjsjdts hdj ha tfj ihst pcjdtmauc

rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js. \fms jdjrny hijs arhi achws

su`f es wevjs, tmljs edl h`jed `urrjdts, es wjcc es lmaajr-

jd`js md secmdmty edl tjipjreturj. Mt stmcc djjls tmij th

oj`hij hipjtmtmvj wmtf ihrj elved`jl rjdjweocj

jdjrny shur`js.

^evjjdjrny tj`fdhchnmjs lmaajr e``hrlmdn th tfj ch`etmhd

ha tfj jdjrny `hdvjrtjr ljvm`j rjcetmvj th tfj sfhrjcmdj.

\fj ljvm`js `ed oj sfhrjcmdj ljvm`js amxjl th, hr jiojlljl

md, tfj sfhrjcmdj, hr tfjy `ed oj pce`jl md tfj sje djer tfj

sfhrj hr haasfhrj, tfj cettjr lrewmdn hd tfj ihrj phwjrauc

wevj rjnmijs evemceocj md ljjp wetjr.

Jurhpj ms tfj whrcl cjeljr md wevj jdjrny tj`fdhchny. mtfshij Jurhpjed hudtrmjs mdvjstmdn md rjsjer`f edl ljvjc-

hpijdt hr ljihdstretmhd prhgj`ts, tfj JZ sfhucl oj wjcc

pce`jl th `hipjtj wfjd e `hiijr`mec ierkjt ahr tfj

tj`fdhchny jvhcvjs.

\mlecs`fjijs jxpchmt tfj deturec joo edl achw ha tmlec

wetjrs md hrljr th njdjretj jcj`trm`mty. \fms `ed oj lhdj

jmtfjr oy ferdjssmdn tfj rmsj edl aecc ha tfj sje cjvjc usmdn

oerrenjs, hr oy lrewmdn jdjrny arhi tmlec urrjdts usmdn

turomdjs md e wey `hipereocj th wmdl phwjr.

^fy h`jed jdjrny8

Dh aujc ms djjljl.

Dh westj ms prhlu`jl.

Mt fes dh ieghr jdvmrhdijdtec mipe`t.

\mljs erj jdtmrjcy prjlm`teocj.

Mt fes ieghr phtjdtmec ahr tj`fdhchny ljvjchpijdt.

H`jed jdjrny7

RZCPJ P\_JEI 5?22\fms prhgj`t emis th ljihdstretj ed mddhvetmvj tmlec

jdjrny hdvjrtjr et aucc s`ecj md ZK wetjrs. \fj iemd

hogj`tmvj ms th tjst e jrtmamjl, fmnf pjrahried`j,

5.? I^ tmlec achw tj`fdhchny th jdsurj mts rjelmdjss

ahr `hiijr`mec ljpchyijdt. \fj prhthtypj th oj

ljihdstretjl usjs hs`mccetmdn fylrhahmcs.

\fj fylrhahmc epprhe f ecchws phwjr th oj epturjl

e`rhss e wmlj, sfecchw swjpt erje. Md e nmvjd ljptf,

hs`mccetmdn ahmc systjis ed oj up th ahur tmijs ihrj

phwjrauc tfed smdncj exmec achw rhthrs.

fttp7//`hrlms.jurhpe.ju/ajt`f8@ECCJ_9AR>XR_HGXJD&

E@\MHD9L&LH@95&@E\9R_HG&UZJ_]925?==?j5j1=67

a12572=j?0:

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Fylrh phwjr

Fylrh phwjrms prhlu`jl arhi tfj ihvjijdt ha e iess

ha wetjr su`f es e r mvjr, `edec hr strjei. Fylrh s`fjijs

`hdvjrt tfj phtjdtmec jdjrny ha tfj wetjr, achwmdn wmtf

e jrtemd aecc (hr fjel), mdth useocj jdjrny.

Pu`f s`fjijs rjqumrj e sumteocj remdaecc `et`fijdt erje,

e fylreucm` fjel, e pmpj hr ljvm`j th `erry wetjr th e turomdj,edl e turomdj fhusj `hdtemdmdn phwjr njdjretmhd edl

wetjr rjnucetmhd jqumpijdt. ^etjr ms rjturdjl th mts det-

urec `hursj eatjr mt fes ojjd usjl.

Piecc fylrhsmtjs erj njdjreccy ljamdjl es tfhsj wmtf

mdsteccjl epe`mty ha cjss tfed 52 I^, wfmcj cernj-s`ecj

fylrh s`fjijs fevj cernj leis edl sthrenj rjsjrvhmrs.

Piecc fylrh ms usjauc ahr prhlu`mdn jcj`trm`mty, jspj`meccy

ahr mshcetjl erjes. Cernj fylrh ms rje`fmdn seturetmhd phmdt,fjd`j tfj ah`us hd siecc fylrh, wfjrj ljvjchpijdt

ms phssmocj.

^fy siecc fylrh8

Mt lmvjrsmamjs tfj jdjrny suppcy.

Mt emls ch`ec ljvjchpijdt.

Mt essmsts md tfj iemdtjded`j ha rmvjr oesmds.

Mt supphrts rurec jcj`trmam`etmhd.

Mt fes e fmnf jdjrny peyoe`k retmh.

Fylrh7 Pfepjs

\fj hvjrecc hogj tmvj ha Pfepjs(Piecc Fylrh

E`tmhds ahr tfj Rrhihtmhd ha Jaam`mjdt Phcutmhds)

ms th ae`mcmtetj edl strjdntfjd hhpjretmhd ojtwjjd

JZ siecc fylrhphwjr (PFR) _jsjer`f edl Ierkjt

e`thrs. \fms sfhucl fjcp th strjeicmdj auturj rjsjer`f

edl ljvjchpijdt edl prhihtj _ & L rjsucts md hrljr

th jdfed`j pjdjtretmhd ha PFR edl kdhw-fhw wmtfmd

tfj JZ edl djw ierkjts md ljvjchpmdn `hudtrmjs.

Htfjr iemd emis ha Pfepjs md`culj prhvmlmdn mdput th

Jurhpjed rjsjer`f vme _ & L jvecuetmhd edl `hhrlmde-

tmhd edl jxpchretmhd ha sydjrnmjs wmtf htfjr rjdjwe-

ocj jdjrny tj`fdhchnmjs.

www.jsfe.oj/mdljx.pfp8ml9=>

5=

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Njhtfjriec jdjrnyedl fjet puipsNjhtfjriec jdjrnyfes ojjd usjl ahr `jdturmjs ahr

oetfmdn edl fjetmdn wetjr. Mt ms jxtre`tjl arhi tfj jertfs

deturec fjet md lry, stjei hr cmquml ahri edl `ed oj usjl

ahr jcj`trm`mty edl fjetmdn.

Ljjp njhtfjriec rjshur`js md`culj fylrhtfjriec (fhtwetjr edl/hr stjei treppjl md are`turjl hr phrhus rh`k),

njh-prjssurjl (fht wetjr equmajrs udljr fmnf prjssurj) edl

jdfed`jl njhtfjriec systjis (njhchnm`ec ahrietmhds tfet

erj lry out eodhrieccy fht).

Md Jurhpj, tfj fjet puip ms tfj ihst prhimsmdn wey ha

usmdn njhtfjriec jdjrny. \fms hdsmsts ha jxtre`tmdn fjet

arhi fht, sfecchw njhtfjriec acuml edl tredsajrrmdn mt th

wetjr hr emr wfm`f ms usjl th suppcy fjet. Jvjd et sfecchwljptfs ha :2522 i, tfj jertf ferohurs fjet tfet `ed oj

jxtre`tjl oy fjet puips hatjd ch`etjl md tfj nerljds ha

suouroed fhusjs edl usjl lmrj`tcy md lhijstm` fjetmdn.

Fjet puips usmdn eiomjdt emr hr wetjr rjshur`js erj

edhtfjr ijeds ha `epturmdn eiomjdt fjet ahr usj md hur

fhijs edl oumclmdns.

^fy njhtfjriec jdjrny8

Mt rjlu`js nrjjdfhusj nes jimssmhds.

Mt usjs ed mdjxfeustmocj shur`j.

Mt `ed suppcy fjetmdn lmrj`tcy.

Mt djjls cjss cedl tfed htfjr jdjrny rjshur js.

Mt ms `hdtmduhuscy evemceocj.

Njhtfjriec7 N_HZDL-IJL

\fj N_HZDL-IJL prhgj t ljihdstretjs tfjdjxt njdjretmhd ha njhtfjriec fjet puip (NPFR)

systjis ahr fjetmdn edl hhcmdn et jmnft ljihdstre-

tmhd smtjs md shutfjrd Jurhpj. E sjeshdec pjrahried`j

ae`thr (PRA) tfj retmh ha usjauc jdjrny hutput

th jdjrny mdput evjrenjl hvjr ed jdtmrj fjetmdn

sjeshd ha eohvj :.2 sfhucl oj ljihdstretjl.

Es tfj PRA ms ljtjrimdjl oy ecc perts ha tfj systji,

mdtjnretjl NPFR systjis md`hrphretmdn tfj ahcchw-

mdn tj`fdhchnm`ec shcutmhds wmcc oj ljvjchpjl,

mdsteccjl edl jvecuetjl7

5. Rrhthtypj wetjr shur`j fjet puips

wmtf miprhvjl sjeshdec jaam`mjd`y.

?. Ohrjfhcj fjet jx`fednjrs edl fjetmdn/`hhcmdn

systjis wfm`f `ed hpjretj wmtf imdmiui

tjipjreturj lmaajrjd`js.

0. Euxmcmery systji hiphdjdts rjqumrmdnimdmiui phwjr `hdsuiptmhd.

www.nrhudlijl.ju?2

Chhkmdn th tfj auturj

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Jurhpj fes e whrcl-`cess mdlustry edl e steocj rjnucethry

areijwhrk `rjetjl oy tfj rjdjweocj jdjrny lmrj`tmvj. Omccmhds

ha jurh ha Jurhpjed audlmdn erj evemceocj ahr tj`fdhchnm`ec

ljvjchpijdt, tfrhunf tfj JZ areijwhrk prhnreiijs ahr

rjsjer`f edl ljvjchpijdt, tfj Jurhpjed j`hdhim` rj`hvjry

prhnreiij edl tfj Jurhpjed Mdvjstijdt Oedk. Ijiojr

Ptetjs iey ecsh usj Ptru`turec Audls edl jimssmhds trelmdn

s`fjij rjvjdujs arhi ?250 ahr supphrtmdn rjdjweocj jdjrny

ljvjchpijdt.

Mdtjccmnjdt jdjrny

\fj Mdtjccmnjdt jdjrny Jurhpj (MJJ) prhnreiij ms et tfj

`uttmdn jlnj ha rjdjweocj jdjrny prhihtmhd. Rert ha tfj

JZ hipjtmtmvjdjss edl mddhvetmhd areijwhrk prhnreiij,

MJJ ms whrtf JZ_ >?> imccmhd ahr ?22>50. Mt fjcps th rjihvj

oerrmjrs, pertm`ucercy elimdmstretmvj, wfm`f ljcey eutfhrmse-tmhd edl hdstru`tmhd ha djw rjdjweocj jdjrny prhgj`ts,

tfjrjoy schwmdn ierkjt nrhwtf.

Mts emis md`culj7

Md`rjesmdn tfj uptekj edl ljiedl

ahr jdjrny jaam`mjd`y.

Rrhihtmdn rjdjweocj jdjrny shur`js

edl jdjrny lmvjrsmam`etmhd.

Ptmiucetmdn tfj lmvjrsmam`etmhd ha aujcs

edl jdjrny jaam`mjd`y md tredsphrt.

^jc`hij th yhur djw `erohd-djutrec fhij!

Fhijs erj rjsphdsmocj ahr e smndmam edt eihudt ha `erohd lmhxmlj

jimssmhds, out ecc tfet `hucl `fednj md tfj auturj tfedks th tfj

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ljsmndjl j`h-fhusjs njdjretj tfjmr hwd jdjrny arhi rjdjweocj

shur`js, edl erj jxtrjijcy wjcc mdsucetjl th prjvjdt fjet chss.

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e ajw yjers tmij yhu erj cmvmdn md hdj wmtf yhur fjet edl jcj`trm mtysuppcmjl oy yhur fhijs vjry hwd omhiess ohmcjr edl shcer pedjcs

smndmam edtcy rjlu`mdn yhur erohd ahhtprmdt.

Chhkmdn th tfj auturj

?5

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Ptretjnm` jdjrny tj`fdhchny pced

\h fjcp jdsurj tfet chw-`erohd tj`fdhchnmjs oj`hij

eaahrleocj edl hipjtmtmvj, tfj Jurhpjed Zdmhd fes `rjetjl

tfj Jurhpjed Ptretjnm` Jdjrny \j`fdhchny Rced. \fms ah`usjs

hd tfj Jurhpjed mdlustrmec mdmtmetmvjs (JMM); mdlustry-cjl

nrhups emimdn th strjdntfjd mdlustrmec pertm`mpetmhd md

jdjrny rjsjer`f edl ljihdstretmhd, ohhst mddhvetmhd edl

e``jcjretj ljpchyijdt ha chw-`erohd jdjrny tj`fdhchnmjs.

JMMs ternjt sj`thrs ahr wfm`f whrkmdn et JZ cjvjc njdjretjs

ihst elljl vecuj, edl tj`fdhchnmjs ahr wfm`f oerrmjrs, rmsks

edl tfj dj`jssery s`ecj ha mdvjstijdts ed oj ojttjr te`kcjl

`hccj`tmvjcy.

\h amdl hut ihrj, vmsmt7

\fj PJ\-Rced7 fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/tj`fdhchny/sjtXpced/sjtXpcedXjd.fti

_jdjweocj jdjrnmjs7 fttp7//j .jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/rjdjweocjs

\fj Jurhpjed mdlustrmec omhjdjrny mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//ww w.omhaujcstp.ju/jmom.ftic

\fj Jurhpjed @H?`epturj, tredsphrt edl sthrenj mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//ww w.zjrhjimssmhdspcetahri.ju

\fj Jurhpjed jcj`trm`mty nrmls mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//www.siertnrmls.ju

\fj aujc jccs edl fylrhnjd (A@F) ghmdt tj`fdhchny mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/rjsjer`f/a`f

\fj sustemdeocj du`cjer mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//ww w.sdjtp.ju

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\fj shcer Jurhpj mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//ww w.jupvpcetahri.hrnfttp7//www.rf`-pcetahri.hrn/`is

\fj Jurhpjed wmdl mdmtmetmvj7 fttp7//ww w.wmdlpcetahri.ju

\fj PJ\-Rced Ptjjrmdn Nrhup (PJ\-Nrhup)7 fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/tj`fdhchny/sjtXpced/stjjrmdnXnrhupXjd.fti

\fj Jurhpjed Jdjrny _jsjer`f Eccmed`j (JJ_E)7 fttp7//ww w.jjre-sjt.ju

\fj PJ\-Rced mdahrietmhd systji (PJ\MP)7 fttp7//sjtms.j`.jurhpe.ju

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\fj hutchhk ahr ?2?2 edl ?202

8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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_jdjweocj jdjrnmjs erj sjt th prhlu`j md`rjesmdn eihudts ha jcj`trm`mty hvjr tfj `himdn yjers wmtf prhgj`tmhds sfhwmdn

tfet rjdjweocj jcj`trm`mty hutput `hucl rhunfcy trmpcj ojtwjjd ?22< edl ?2?2. _jdjweocj fjetmdn ms ecsh hd tfj rmsj wmtf

hutput prhgj`tjl th md`rjesj hdsmstjdtcy up th ?202. Ohtf jcjijdts erj cjercy ljihdstretjl md tfj nrepf ojchw.

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Aurtfjr mdahrietmhd7 fttp7//j`.jurhpe.ju/jdjrny/mdljxXjd.ftic

Omhaujc miphrt

Elved`jl omhaujcs \relmtmhdec omhaujcsFjet puips Phcer tfjriec fjetmdn

edl fht wetjr

Phcml omhiess (dhd-nrml)Njhtfjriec fjet (nrml)Omhwestj (nrml) Phcml omhiess (nrml)

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Njhtfjriec jcj`trm`mtyOmhwestj Phcml omhiessOmhnes

Phur`j7 Nrjjd-V ihljc arhi tfj Areudfhajr Mdstmtutj edl JJN (Jurhpjed J`hdhim`s Nrhup Qmjdde Zdmvjrsmty ha \j`fdhchny).

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8/3/2019 Renewable make the difference

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Jurhpjed @hiimssmhd

_jdjweocjs iekj tfj lmaajrjd`j

Cuxjiohurn7 Ruocm`etmhds Haam`j ha tfj Jurhpjed Zdmhd

?252 ?0 pp. ?5 x ?5 `i

MPOD =>6-=?->=-51=66-:

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IG-0?-52-