report on security system switcher(oct 2011) (2)

Project Report

On

Security System switcher

SUBMITTED

IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHONOLOGY

IN DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

DEPARTMENT OF SHEENA JAIN (7EC-99)

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENROLMENT No:JNUjpr/0102080123

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

JULY 2011

Security system Switcher 1

PREFACE

This file includes the information about the project that I have made under the guidance fo

faculty of Electronics and communication Dept. The name of the project is security system

switcher. The duration of the project is around 12 days. This file includes all the topic related

to the project like circuit diagram, explanation of circuit, steps of fabrication etc. I wish to

express my gratitude towards my mentor, Lecturer of Electronics and Communication Dept.

for his affectionate and undaunted guidance and support.

.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I gratefully acknowledge to my mentor, Lecturer of Electronics & Communication

Engineering, JNU, Jaipur, for his valuable guidance, excellent supervision & constant

encouragement during my project work at Jaipur National University, Jaipur, for continuous

interest to pursue my project work.

I am greatly indebted to his deep perception, understanding ability, mature, excellent

supervision and generous help which he rendered to my every step. Without his cooperation

and guidance, it would have been inconceivable to complete my undertaken project. I am also

thankful to all the faculty members of Electronics & Communication department without

which i was not able to complete my project.

Sheena Jain7EC-99


ABSTRACT

Security System Switcher is a device which helps in detecting the intruder and will

automatically switch on the security system or gadget to which it is connected. An audio

signal is used to activate the security system switcher. For example, an automatic security

camera can be configured to respond to a knock on the door. It uses a condenser microphone

to detect the audio signal( for example a knock on the door). It uses two ICs one is LMC555

and CD4538. LMC555 is a timer IC which is used to give the timing to the circuit. IC

CD4538 is a dual precision monostable multivibrator which is used to switch ON the

transistor. As soon as transistor is switched ON it activates the security system connected to

it. So we can use this device to protect our homes, offices, banks etc from the intruders.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1) Circuit diagram

2) Explanation

3) PCB layout

4) Fabrication and Assembly

5) Result

6) Datasheets

7) Component list and cost


TABLE OF DIAGRAM

1) Circuit diagram

2) PCB layout

3) Screen of express PCB software


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG: SECURITY SYSTEM SWITCHER

The software that I have used to make the circuit diagram is Express Sch.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


EXPLAINATION

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Security system switcher as the name suggests it is used to switch ON the security system

connected in the output of this system. This system can be used in homes, offices, banks to

protect them from the intruders. The circuit diagram of this system comprises of the

following components:

1) Resistors (10k, 1k, 100k, 3.3k, 1M, 4k).

2) Capacitor (ceramic {100nf, 0.01uf}, electrolytic {2.2uf, 47uf, 220uf}).

3) Transistor (BC547).

4) Variable resistor (2.2M).

5) Diode (1N4148, 1N4007).

6) SPDT switch.

7) LED.

8) IC1- LMC555.

9) IC2 (A) - CD4538.

10) IC2 (B) - CD4538

11) Condenser microphone.

The circuit consist of condenser microphone which is connected in the input of the circuit.

There is a preamplifier circuit built around the transistor Q is connected to the microphone.

Now the output of the amplifier is fed to the pin number 2 of the IC1 LMC555. Pin number 4

& 8 of IC1 is connected to Vcc. Pin number 6&7 is connected to the ground through a

capacitor of 2.2uf. pin number 1 is connected to the ground & pi number 5 is also connected


to the ground but through a capacitor of 0.01uf. The output of the ICI is taken from pin

number 3. The output of the IC1 is fed to the pi number 4 of IC2(A) through a SPDT switch.

Pin number 3 & 5 of IC2(A) is connected to Vcc. Pin number 8 of IC2(A) is connected to the

ground. Pin number 7 of IC2(A) is connected to the pin number 12 of IC2(B). The output is

taken from pin number 10 of IC2(B ). This output is fed to the transistor. Now the collector of

the transistor is connected to a diode.

WORKING

This circuit is activated by an audio signal. For example, an automatic security camera can be

configured to respond to a knock on the door. This audio signal is detected by the condenser

microphone connected in the input of the circuit. The microphone will convert the sound

signal into the electrical signal. This electrical signal is fed into the preamplifier built around

transistor Q connected in the input circuit. The 1M, 3.3k, 100k resistor connected to the

transistor are the biasing resistors. Now this amplified signal is applied at the pin 2 of IC1-

LMC555. This IC is wired in monostable configuration. The output of IC1 is connected to

the first trigger input pin 4 of IC2(A) through the SPDT switch.

Now if an intruder open or breaks the door the IC1 is triggered by the sound signal and the

output of ICI at pin number 3 goes high which enables the IC2(A). IC2(A) is a dual precision

monostale multivibrator. The work of this IC is to provide the time period of 5 to 125

seconds. This time period is adjusted or varied by the preset connected to IC2(A). Now the

IC2(B) provides the time period of 125 to 600 seconds. The output of the of this IC if fed to

the transistor trough a resistor of 4k. This is used to switch ON the transistor. As the

transistor is switched ON it activates the security system connected to this circuit through a

relay. The timing is basically the charging of the capacitor. The time taken by the capacitor


for its charging is he time period provided by the IC2(A) and IC2(B). As we are giving 5V

supply to the circuit so the capacitor will charge up to the 5V. When it is fully charged then

the led connected at the output of the circuit glows which means the security system

connected to this circuit is activated. In this way it helps in switching ON any security

system.


PCB LAYOUT

FIG: PCB LAYOUT OF SECURITY SYSTEM SWITCHER


FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

There are many steps include in the process of fabrication. The steps are as follows:

a) MAKING OF PCB LAYOUT

Firstly I made the PCB layout of my circuit. PCB layout can be made by using the

following softwares:

i) Express PCB

ii) Eagle

I made my layout by using Express PCB software. I have chosen this software

because it is very easy to use. It consist of a component library in which I found

almost every component. It has a very wide library of components. Below is the

screen of the Express PCB software.

FIG: SCREEN OF EXPRESS PCB SOFTWARE


We can make layout of any circuit in this software. We can make the layout of any

circuit by simply connecting the wires. In this software the components are connected

with the help of trace path. But there is a limitation of this software that the two trace

path cannot intersect each other. If this happens then the trace paths are shorted. The

trace path cannot be turned by 90 degree. The trace path should be turned at 45

degree angle. In this way we can easily make the layout of any circuit by using this

software.

b) CLEANING OF PCB

In this process we have to clean the PCB through the metallic wool. Cleaning of PCB

means removal of grease from the surface of PCB. We have to use copper clad PCB

i.e. plain PCB. In order to clean the PCB, the copper clad is tightly rubbed by the

metallic wool. One thing is very important that the PCB should not be hold from its

surface. We should hold it from its edges.

c) TRANSFER OF LAYOUT ON PCB

After making the layout of the circuit the layout is to be transferred on the PCB. Take

the lase printout of the layout on the epoxy sheets. These are the following methods

for transferring the layout on the PCB:

i) Laser printing

ii) Press and peel method

I have used the press and peel method. It is a very easy method. As the PCB is now

cleaned so the layout is ready to be transferred on PCB. Put the PCB on a hard

surface. Put the layout on the bottom surface of PCB. Now apply pressure on it by


using an iron. The heat released by the iron on the paper will help to transfer the

layout on the PCB. In this way the whole layout is transferred on the PCB.

d) COOLING OF PCB

After transferring the layout on the PCB the next process is cooling of PCB. As we

have used an iron so PCB become hot. So put the PCB in the water for some time to

decrease its temperature. Now remove the paper from the surface of PCB so that only

layout is imprint on the PCB. Paper is removed by using a toothbrush.

e) ETCHING

Etching is the process of removal of copper from the PCB surface. This is done by

putting the PCB in the solution of water and anhydrous ferric chloride. Put the PCB

inside the solution and stir continuously until all the copper is removed from the

surface of the PCB.

f) REMOVAL OF TONER FROM THE PCB SURFACE

After etching we have to clean the PCB with the acetone in order to remove the toner

of the laser printout from the PCB surface. This is done by making the cotton to dip

inside the acetone and then this cotton is rubbed against the PCB. In this way the

toner is removed and the colour of the trace path become golden.

g) DRILLING

After the removal of toner from the PCB surface we have to drill the PCB in order to

make the holes on the appropriate place according to the layout. This is done by using

the drill bit. Now the PCB is fabricated.

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h) ASSEMBLY

Now after the fabrication the components are to be assembled on the PCB according

to the circuit layout.

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RESULT

I have successfully made the project under the guidance of Mr. Kapil Saraswat. The

project took 12 days to complete. The project is in running condition. The output of

the circuit is that when capacitor charges to 5V, then the led connected in the output

will glow and piezoelectric buzzer connected at the output will be activated. When

buzzer will sound we can easily catch the intruder.

The problem with this circuit is that the time period is not fixed. At one time the

buzzer will sound in 5 minutes and in another time the buzzer will sound in 10

minutes. So the timing given by the capacitor is not fixed. This is because it is a

hardware project and the timing of the circuit will effect from different parameters

like fluctuating voltage, temperature etc.

We can make this project by providing the accurate timing. This is done by using the

microcontroller and a program is installed in the microcontroller to control the

security system. By doing this we can make the buzzer to sound repeatedly at the

same time. This system is used in different places like in our homes, banks, hospitals,

multiplexes, offices etc.

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COMPONENT LIST AND COST

NAME OF COMPONENT QUANTITY COST

Resistor (10k, 100k) 4 2/-

Resistor (1M, 3.3k, 4k, 1k) 1 1/-

Ceramic Capacitor (0.01uf, 0.1uf) 2 1/-

Electrolytic capacitor (1000uf, 220uf) 1 7/-

Electrolytic capacitor (47uf, 2.2uf) 1 4/-

Preset (2.2M) 2 8/-

IC LMC555 1 12/-

IC CD4538 1 20/-

IC 7805 1 8/-

SPDT switch 1 8/-

Condenser microphone 1 5/-

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Diode (1N4007) 6 12/-

Diode (1N4148) 2 4/-

Transistor (BC547) 1 4/-

Led 1 1/-

Piezoelectric buzzer 1 10/-

Copper clad 2 30/-

Metallic wool 100gm 50/-

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report on security system switcher(oct 2011) (2)

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