responsible travel handbook

8/7/2019 Responsible Travel Handbook

1/94

WH^TMJ^OGIH

SW@RHI

A@JCGMME --

7442Vahsahw ymx `wh sw`rhiojf mj ymxw mvj mw `ww`jfojf sw`rhi~

bmw msahw~sah H`wsa o~ ymxw amkhi`jc* Forh os sah n`wh `jc

wh~thns os ch~hwrh~5 ih`wj `gmxs os~ hjrowmjkhjs `jc fhmfw`tay5

~thjc sokh fhssojf sm ejmv os~ thmtih `jc sahow `ws) nxisxwh)

ao~smwy) `jc iorhioammc~* Vaoih ymx chworh tih`~xwh) ejmvihcfh)

`jc xjchw~s`jcojf bwmk ymxw hjnmxjshw~) amic nim~h sahoktmws`jnh mb twh~hwrojf sah~h swh`~xwh~ bmw sam~h vam k`y

bmiimv oj ymxw bmms~sht~*


2/94

S@GIH MB NMJSHJS^ --

OJSWMCXNSOMJ - -

04 Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi Kmrhkhjs -- Chgmwà KnI`whj

00 Ojswmcxnsomj Chbojosomj~ --

03 Nmkkxjosy Sw`rhi -- Wmj K`chw

03 @wsh~`jo`) Nw`bs~ `jc Smxwo~k -- Wmj K`chw02 Chbojojf ^x~sòj`gih Smxwo~k -- Wmj K`chw

06 Chbojojf HnmSmxwo~k -- Wmj K`chw

01 Sw`rhihw&~ Taoi`jsawmty -- Nmxwsh~y mb ^x~sòj`gih Sw`rhi Ojshwj`somjì

0? RmixjSmxwo~k -- Nmxwsh~y mb ^x~sòj`gih Sw`rhi Ojshwj`somjì

74 Hsaonì Coihkk`~ `jc Tw`nsonì Wo~e~ oj Smxwo~s Taoi`jsawmty --

C`roc @ghwjhsay

71 ^x~sòj`gih Sw`rhi -- Chgmwà KnI`whj

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHIHW -- THW^THNS ORH^

>0 Sah Bxsxwh mb Sw`rhi -- Rmiehw Tmhi|i

>7 Sw`rhiojf Wh~tmj~ogiy -- Wone ^shrh~

>> Eocj`tthc oj Wv`jc` -- Wmghws Tmvhii ^`jf~shw

>3 Smxwo~k `jc Tmrhwsy -- Wmj K`chw

>8 J`sxwh Sw`rhi< Sah G`~on~ -- Goii Ghiihroiih

>2 Sah Okt`ns mb ^sxcy @gwm`c -- âm~a`jj` ^xke`

>1 ^`rojf K`nax Tonnax -- Sok Ihbbhi

30 Kèojf ` Tm~osorh Okt`ns -- Lok E`jh

37 Ghymjc Hnmsmxwo~k -- ^h`j T`swone A`ss `jc S`kky Ihi`jc

33 Th`nh sawmxfa Smxwo~k -- Chjo~h I* Axkkhi

38 Immeojf `s sah Gof Tonsxwh -- Ni`y Axgg~

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHIHW -- HNM THW^THNS ORH^

36 Hnmsmxwo~k Fxochiojh~ -- Co`jjh Gw`x~h

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHIHW -- RMIXJSHHW THW^THNS ORH^

31 Kèojf sah Km~s mb Rmixjshhw R`n`somj~ --

Cmxf Nxsnaoj~ `jc @jjh Fho~~ojfhw

3? Rmixjshhw R`n`somj~ sm Bos -- Cmxf Nxsnaoj~ `jc @jjh Fho~~ojfhw

84 ^hjomw~ A`rh ` Cobbhwhjs @fhjc` -- @io~mj F`wcjhw

80 @ Thw~thnsorh mj Rmixjsmxwo~k -- Nmwo Sà`w` ôkk~

87 V`wjojf -- Whrhwhjc Cw* Ahjwy Gxnahw) Lw*

8> Kèojf Whsowhkhjs Nmxjs -- @ky V`wwhj `jc Voj~oj A~oha

WH^TMJ^ OGIH SW@RHI A@JCGMME 7442 -- 0

tamsm~

LokE

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NxisxwhQtimwhw~

^thnoì sa`je~ sm Lok E`jh) twh~ochjs `jc bmxjchw

mb Nxisxwh Qtimwhw~!vvv*nxisxwhqtimwhw~*nmk/ ) bmwìimvojf sah x~h mb ao~ tamsmfw`ta~ bmw sah Wh~tmj~ogihSw`rhi A`jcgmme NC) nmrhw) `jc s`gih mb nmjshjs~*


3/94

S@GIH MB NMJSHJS^ --


WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHIHW " SW@RHI SW@CH -- NWM^^MRHW

83 Khco`) Hjrowmjkhjs) `jc Smxwo~k -- Ahwg Aoiihw

SW@RHI SW@CH-- WH@COJF^

82 Fmmcjh~~ ^hii~ -- Bw`jnh~ Bof`ws

23 Rmixjsmxwo~k -- C`roc Nihkkmj~

28 Vo~cmk " Oj~ofas -- Im~ Jom~

22 Fhjhwm~osy oj @nsomj -- Iyjj Ehi~mj

21 ^smjh~ oj sah Wm`c -- Wmj K`chw

K@EOJF WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI VMWE--

60 04 @nsomj~ sa`s Smxw Mthw`smw~ n`j Sèh Jmv -- nmxwsh~y mb Sh`wbxjc

67 H~s`gio~a ymxw Mvj Sw`rhi Taoi`jsawmty Twmlhns --

nmxwsh~y mb ^x~sòj`gih Sw`rhi Ojshwj`somjì

6> I`soj @khwon` Hnmsmxwo~k -- Wmj K`chw

68 Chni`w`somj mb sah Ojshwj`somjì Bmwxk mj Ojcofhjmx~ Smxwo~k --

nmxwsh~y mb Ojcofhjmx~ Smxwo~k Wofas~ Ojshwj`somjì

66 Smxwo~k Nhwsobon`somj `jc Ojcofhjmx~ Thmtih~ oj I`soj @khwon` --

Ixo~ @* Ror`jnm `jc Chgmwà KnI`whj

SAH GH^S WH^MXWNH^ -- WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI

6? Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi -- Chgmwà KnI`whj

18 Hnmsmxwo~k -- Wmj K`chw

16 Rmixjshhw Sw`rhi -- Voiio`k Jmisojf

11 Sw`rhi Sw`ch

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI ^XWRH_

1? Ti`jhs`*nmk `jc Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c

Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi ^xwrhy 7448 Wh~xis~

?0 Oj sah Vmwc~ mb Sw`rhihw~

@TTHJCOQ --

?> Oj~ochw Fxoch< Kèh ` Cobbhwhjnh Vahj _mx Sw`rhi

Oj~ochw Fxoch< Bmw Mrhw~h`~ ^s`bb) Ti`y _mxw T`ws --

Sah Sw`rhi Bmxjc`somj

Fimgì Nmch mb Hsaon~ bmw Smxwo~k --

Vmwic Smxwo~k Mwf`jo|`somj `jc Xjoshc J`somj~

Twm+Tmmw Smxwo~k -- A`wmic Fmmcvoj

Wh~tmj~ogih Smxwo~k `jc sah K`wehs -- A`wmic Fmmcvoj

Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi ^xwrhy -- @gmwofojì Smxwo~k @x~swìo`

tamsm~

LokE

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NxisxwhQtimwhw~


4/94

Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi A`jcgmme voii ahit fxoch ymx ìmjf sah imjf `jcvojcojf swòi sa`s o~ wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhi* Sao~ o~ jm ~mios`wy lmxwjhy) `jc ob

ymx vo~a sm gh ` wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhihw mw ` wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhi twmrochw)

sahwh `wh tihjsy mb ìioh~*

Sah oj~swxnsomj `jc fxoc`jnh vh twh~hjs o~ ojshjchc sm ~xttmws ymxw

thw~mjì mw mwf`jo|`somjì hbbmws oj wh~h`wnaojf) ~hihnsojf) `jc xisok`sh+

iy t`wsonot`sojf oj mw nwh`sojf ` sw`rhi hqthwohjnh sa`s km~s wh~mj`sh~

vosa ymx `jc ymxw xjchw~s`jcojf mb sw`rhiojf wh~tmj~ogiy*

Sw`rhiojf kmwh wh~tmj~ogiy o~ `~ kxna `gmxs sah ~kìi) `jc mbshj rhwy

~oktih) tw`nsonì ~sht~ ymx n`j sèhbwmk namm~ojf imnì fxoch~ `jc

~s`yojf oj imnìiy+mvjhc `nnmkkmc`somj~ sm wh~thnsojf imnì kmwh~

`~ os o~ `gmxs mjh~ kojc~hs sm ghnmkh ` kmwh nmj~nomx~ `jc nmj~no+

hjsomx~ sw`rhihw* @~ mjh wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhihw vwmsh oj wh~tmj~h sm mxw

~xwrhy pxh~somj mj va`s os kh`j~ sm gh ` wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhihw< Bow~s) cmjm a`wk !Aottmnw`son M`sa/*

Ihs sah nmjshjs~ mb sao~ a`jcgmme ~t`we ymxw hjsax~o`~k bmw tm~o+

BOW^S ^SHT^kèojf ` tm~osorh cobbhwhjnh

OJSWMCXNSMW_ IHSSHW --

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI A@JCGMME 7442Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi A`jcgmme v`~ twht`whc bmw sah bow~s+

`jjxì Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi Bmwxk oj t`wsjhw~aot vosa Sah

Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh* Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi Bmwxk

v`~ k`ch tm~~ogih gy Sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmkkxjosy) Sw`rhi

Ih`wjojf Nmjjhnsomj~) Ojn*) T*M* Gmq 08?) Wmj`j) KS 8?123+408?)

342+638+3144) vvv*Sw`rhih`wjojf*nmk* Vh hqshjc ~thnoì sa`je~sm K`w` ChiioTwo~nmio mb sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh*

HCOSMWO@I " TWMCXNSOMJ

âhwwy ^nav`w|) Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c K`f`|ojh*

T*M* Gmq 638) Ghjjojfsmj) RS 487 40) 147+337+3176

vvv*Sw`j~osomj~@gwm`c*nmk

CHÔFJ J`~aok` Fme`jo) Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c K`f`|ojh

NMJSWOGXSOJF HCOSMW^ Cxjn`j Gh`wc~ihy !Fhjhwm~osy oj @nsomj/ --

C`roc Nihkkmj~ !RmixjSmxwo~k*mwf/ -- K`w` ChiioTwo~nmio !Sah

Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh `jc Sw`rhi Ih`wjojf Nmjjhnsomj~) Ojn*/ --

Lok E`jh !Nxisxwh Qtimwhw~/ -- Wmj K`chw !Ti`jhs`*nmk/ -- Chgmwà

KnI`whj !Ojcofhjmx~ Smxwo~k Wofas~ Ojshwj`somjì/ -- Nawo~sojh

Vojhgwhjjhw !Sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh `jc Sw`rhi Ih`wjojf

Nmjjhnsomj~) Ojn*/

TXGION@SOMJ OJBMWK@SOMJ Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi A`jcgmme o~

` nmktoi`somj mb `wsonih~ `jc wh~mxwnh~ whtwojshc vosa thwko~~omj*

Mtojomj~ hqtwh~~hc oj Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi A`jcgmme `wh sam~h mb

sah nmjswogxsmw~* Vaoih hrhwy wh`~mj`gih n`wh o~ sèhj gy sah txgio~ahw

`jc hcosmw~) jm wh~tmj~ogoiosy n`j gh `nnhtshc bmw ojcorocxì mtojomj~

hqtwh~~hc mw oj`nnxw`noh~ oj hcosmwoì nmjshjs* Whtwmcxnsomj vosamxs

thwko~~omj o~ twmaogoshc*

^XGKO^ÔMJ @wsonih~ `jc wh~mxwnh~ bmw bxsxwh hcosomj~ mb

Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Sw`rhi A`jcgmme n`j gh ~hjs sm HcosmwDSw`j~osomj~

@gwm`cK`f`|ojh*nmk*

sorhiy nmjswogxsojf sm sah vhiighojf mb msahw~ `~ ymx co~nmrhw sah vmwic`wmxjc ymx* Vahsahw ymx `wh sw`rhiojf mj ymxw mvj mw `ww`jfojf sw`rhi~

bmw msahw~sah H`wsa o~ ymxw amkhi`jc* Forh os sah n`wh `jc wh~thns os

ch~hwrh~5 ih`wj `gmxs os~ hjrowmjkhjs `jc fhmfw`tay5 ~thjc sokh fhs+

sojf sm ejmv os~ thmtih `jc sahow `ws) nxisxwh) ao~smwy) `jc iorhioammc~*

Vaoih ymx chworh tih`~xwh) ejmvihcfh) `jc xjchw~s`jcojf bwmk ymxw

hjnmxjshw~) amic nim~h sah oktmws`jnh mb twh~hwrojf sah~h swh`~xwh~ bmw

sam~h vam k`y bmiimv oj ymxw bmms~sht~*

Sm va`s chfwhh sao~ rmixkh voii hja`jnh wh~tmj~ogih sw`rhi voii mjiy gh

hrochjs sawmxfa amv ymx chshwkojh sm sw`rhi bmiimvojf ymxw thwx~ì mb os~

nmjshjs~* Sah kmwh oj~towhc ymx `wh sm ojshfw`sh sah ~xffh~shc vo~cmk

twh~hjshc oj sah~h t`fh~ ojsm ymxw mvj sw`rhi hqthwohjnh) sah kmwh rìx+

`gih voii gh sah wmih mb sao~ a`jcgmme* Sah `ssosxch vosa vaona ymx wh`c os

`jc òk sm `ttiy os~ nmjshjs~ voii xisok`shiy gh whrhìhc vahj `j ojrhj+smwy mb ymxw lmxwjhy~ mw sam~h ymx twmroch bmw msahw~ o~ sìiohc* Ihs sah

t`~~omj vosa vaona ymx wh`c os ghnmkh sah txwtm~h mb ymxw sw`rhi*

Sah fmichj wxih o~ kmwh `jc kmwh whnmfjo|hc `~ sah bow~s wxih mb sw`rhi*'Ni`y Axgg~) Bmxjchw mb Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c K`f`|ojh

O sèh rhwy ~hwomx~iy sah ~hj~h mb mxw iorojf sah~h c`y~ oj ` fimgì jhofagmwammc* @jc sah bow~s ~hj~ogih

saojf sm cm oj ~xna nownxk~s`jnh~) `~ vhii `~ mjh mb sah km~s whv`wcojf saojf~) o~ sm fm `jc khhs sah

jhofagmw~) bojc mxs vam sahy `wh) `jc va`s sahy saoje `jc bhhi* ^m sw`rhi bmw kh o~ `j `ns mb co~nmrhwy

`jc mb wh~tmj~ogoiosy `~ vhii `~ ` fw`jc `crhjsxwh `jc ` nmj~s`js ioghw`somj*

Tonm Oyhw) Whjmvjhc Sw`rhi Vwoshw


5/94


@NEJMVIHCFKHJS^

SAH HCXN@SOMJ@I SW@RHI NMJBHWHJNH o~ sah mjiy bmwxk mb os~ eojc chcon`shc sm sah hcxn`somj) swòjojf) `jc jhsvmweojf twomwosoh~

mb twmbh~~omjì~ oj sah gx~ojh~~ mb hqthwohjsoì ih`wjojf sawmxfa sw`rhi* H~s`gio~ahc oj 0?16) sah Nmjbhwhjnh v`~ ojoso`shc gy sah Nmjbhwhjnh

Mwf`jo|hw) K`w` ChiioTwo~nmio `jc Sw`rhi Ih`wjojf Nmjjhnsomj~) Ojn*) `~ ` tomjhhwojf hbbmws sm twmroch aofaiy nx~smko|hc hcxn`somjì twmfw`kkojf)

twmbh~~omjì chrhimtkhjs `jc `bbojosy+g`~hc jhsvmweojf bmwxk~ bmw ~h`~mjhc sw`rhi ti`jjhw~) `~ vhii `~ lxkt~s`ws swòjojf bmw jhvnmkhw~ sm sah

bohic mb jmjtwmbos-hcxn`somjì sw`rhi* Sah Nmjbhwhjnh am~s~ mrhw 384 chihf`sh~ `g~mwghc oj > c`y~ mb oj~towhc ~h~~omj~) bow~s+w`sh ~mnoì rhjxh~

`jc hcxn`somjì wona hqthwohjnh~ mj ~osh* Sah Nmjbhwhjnh o~ txwtm~hiy ehts ojsok`sh sm hj~xwh aofa pxìosy jhsvmweojf jc ~kìi fwmxt hcxn`+

somjì hqthwohjnh~ vosa ioeh+kojchc ojcorocxì~ jc-mw ioeh mwf`jo|`somj~* Ch~ofjhc jc mthw`shc bwmk os~ ojnhtsomj ~ j hcxn`somjì wh~mxwnh)

sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh whkòj~ nmkkosshc sm os~ nmwh mglhnsorh~< Chiorhwojf nmjshjs wona nmjbhwhjnh~ `jc nxssojf hcfh `fhjc`~5

Twmkmsojf ti`jjhw+~xttiohw t`wsjhw~aot~ sawmxfa aofa pxìosy jhsvmweojf5 Gxoicojf nmkkxjosy sawmxfa `bbojosy nmjjhnsomj~5 Wò~ojf sah g`w mb

ojcx~swy twmbh~~omjìo~k sawmxfa swòjojf5 @cr`jnojf `jc sw`j~bmwkojf ko~~omj cworhj twmfw`kkojf `jc wh~tmj~ogih smxwo~k `fhjc`~*

Nmjs`ns< Sw`rhi Ih`wjojf Nmjjhnsomj~) Ojn*) T*M* Gmq 08?) Wmj`j) KS 8?123+408?5 342+638+31445 nmjbhwhjnhDsw`rhih`wjojf*nmk)

vvv*sw`rhih`wjojf*nmk

OJCOFHJMX^ SMXWO^K WOFAS^ OJSHWJ@SOMJ@I !SMXWO^K WOFAS^/) o~ `j Ojcofhjmx~ Thmtih~ mwf`jo|`somj chcon`shc sm nmii`gm+

w`sojf vosa nmkkxjosoh~ `jc jhsvmwe~ sm ahit twmshns j`sorh shwwosmwoh~) wofas~ `jc nxisxwh~* Mxw ko~~omj o~ sm b`noios`sh sah hqna`jfh mb imnì

hqthwohjnh~ oj mwchw sm xjchw~s`jc) naìihjfh) `jc sèh nmjswmi mb sah v`y~ smxwo~k `bbhns~ mxw iorh~*

Nmjs`ns< Smxwo~k Wofas~) >22 Jmwsa Twomw @rh*) .748) ^òjs T`xi) KJ 88043) 280+233+??135 ojbmDsmxwo~kwofas~*mwf) vvv*smxwo~kwofas~*mwf*

TI@JHS@*NMK o~ ` tw`nsonì fxoch bmw hrhwymjh vosa ` ~hwomx~ ojshwh~s oj nmj~nohjsomx~ sw`rhi `jc hnm sw`rhi* Chrhimthc oj 0??3 gy Wmj K`chw

`~ ` whtmwshw~ jmshgmme !` bmwhwxjjhw mb smc`y~ gimf/) Ti`jhs` tomjhhwhc mjiojh hjrowmjkhjsì `jc smxwo~k whtmwsojf* Mxw `v`wc+vojjojf ~osh

nmjsojxh~ sm k`sxwh `~ ` iorhiy txgion coìmfxh `gmxs tw`nsonì hnmsmxwo~k `wmxjc sah fimgh* Ti`jhs`*nmk o~ xtc`shc mj ` whfxi`w g`~o~* Sah

~osh twmroch~ bwhh nnh~~ sm kmwh sa`j 04)444 t`fh~ mb wsonih~ jc wh~mxwnh fxoch~ bmw ~sxchjs~) sw`rhihw~ jc tmiony+kèhw~* Ti`jhs`*nmk i~m

am~s~ sah I`soj @khwon` Khco` Twmlhns !I@KT/ sm ~tmsiofas whtmwshw~ vmweojf oj sah bohic `jc vhg~osh~ `gmxs sao~ whfomj*

Nmjs`ns< Wmj K`chw `s hcosmwDti`jhs`*nmk*

SW@JÔSOMJ^ @GWM@Cv`~ nwh`shc ~ sah `jsocmsh sm smxwo~k) k`f`|ojh vosa sah ~thnobon fmì mb twmrocojf ojbmwk`somj sa`s vmxic hj`gih

sw`rhihw~ sm `nsxìiy khhs sah thmtih mb msahw nmxjswoh~) sm ih`wj `gmxs sahow nxisxwh) sm ~thè sahow i`jfx`fh) `jc sm sw`j~osomj sm ` jhv ihrhi

mb xjchw~s`jcojf `jc `ttwhno`somj bmw mxw b`~noj`sojf vmwic* Sah sosih v`~ ì~m kh`js sm ~xffh~s sah na`jfh~ oj mxw thw~thnsorhtaoim~mtao+

nìiy) t~ynamimfonìiy) `h~sahsonìiy) hsaonìiy) tmiosonìiy) hsn*sa`s wh~xis bwmk ~xna okkhw~omj* Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c v`~ bmxjchc gy Ni`y Axgg~)

hcosmw `jc txgio~ahw mb sah k`f`|ojh `jc bmwkhw twmbh~~mw `jc ~sxcy `gwm`c `cro~hw `s A`kt~aowh Nmiihfh) @kahw~s) K`~~`nax~hss~* Bmxjchc

oj 0?66) Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c whkòj~ sah mjiy txgion`somj `jc nmktwhahj~orh vhg tmwsì chcon`shc sm vmwe) ~sxcy) iorojf) `jc okkhw~omj sw`rhi

`gwm`c* Os~ txwtm~h o~ sah co~~hkoj`somj mb tw`nsonì ojbmwk`somj ih`cojf sm fwh`shw xjchw~s`jcojf mb msahw nxisxwh~ sawmxfa cowhns t`wsonot`somj

oj sah còiy iobh mb sah am~s nmkkxjosy*

Nmjs`ns< Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c) T*M* Gmq 638) Ghjjojfsmj RS 48740) 147+337+3176) HcosmwDSw`j~osomj~@gwm`c*nmk) vvv*Sw`j~osomj~@gwm`c*nmk*

RMIXJSMXWO^K*MWF o~ sah ~mxwnh mb ojbmwk`somj whf`wcojf sah ojshfw`somj mb rmixjs`wy ~hwronh `nsorosoh~ vosaoj sah nmjshqs mb sw`rhi osojhw`w+oh~* H~s`gio~ahc twok`woiy sm ~xttmws sw`rhi `jc smxwo~k ojcx~swy twmbh~~omjì~ `~ vhii `~ jmjtwmbos `jc chrhimtkhjs mwf`jo|`somj hqhnxsorh~)

RmixjSmxwo~k*mwf twmroch~ oj+chtsa `wsonih~ `jc wh~h`wna ~sxcoh~ mj RmixjSmxwo~k sawmxfa ` kmjsaiy txgio n`somjSah RmixjSmxwo~s* Oj `ccosomj)

sah vhg~osh nmrhw~ sah `jjxì RmixjSmxwo~k Bmwxk sawmxfa twh+hrhjs xtc`sh~ `jc tm~s+bmwxk `jìy~o~* RmixjSmxwo~k*mwf hkta`~o|h~ sah

tmshjsoì mb smxwo~k sm ghnmkh ` gì`jnhc ~mnom+hnmjmkon hjfojh) ojsok`sojf sa`s sah sw`cosomjì hnmjmkon okt`ns mb smxwo~k n`j gh kmcobohc

gy ì~m chiorhwojf ~mnoì ghjhbos~ sm thmtih `jc ch~soj`somj~ sawmxfamxs sah vmwic*

Nmjs`ns< RmixjSmxwo~k) 716 F ^s*) Naxi` Ro~s`) N@ ?0?045 20?*3>3*27>45 ojbmDrmixjsmxwo~k*mwf) vvv*RmixjSmxwo~k*mwf*

FHJHWMX^ SA@JE^bmw kèojf tm~~ogih sah nmktoi`somj mb sao~ a`jcgmme


6/94


CXJN@J GH@WCÎH_ o~ sah bmwkhw Cowhnsmw mb sah ^s`jbmwc @ixkjo

@~~mno`somj Sw`rhi-^sxcy Twmfw`k~* Ah o~ jmv cowhnsmw mb Fhjhwm~osy oj

@nsomj) vvv*fhjhwm~osyoj`nsomj*mwf) `j ojchthjchjs mwf`jo|`somj sa`s

~xttmws~ sw`rhihw~ taoi`jsawmty sa`s ahit~ imnì thmtih oj chrhimtojf

nmxjswoh~* FO@ twmroch~ ` ~swxnsxwh bmw sw`rhihw~ sm ~xttmws imnì roii`fh~

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RmixjSmxw~SK* RmixjSmxwo~k o~ chbojhc `~ sah ojshfw`shc nmkgoj`somj

mb rmixjs`wy ~hwronh sm ` ch~soj`somj `jc sah sw`cosomjì hihkhjs~ mb

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oj rmixjshhw `jc jmjtwmbos wmih~ ojnixcojf rmixjshhw k`j`fhkhjs `jc

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sah Hcxn`somj ì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh `jc mjioj h Nmkkxjosy) K`w` ihnsxwh~)

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chrhimtkhjs twmlhns~ oj sah X* * jc gwm`c* ah nmj~xis~ oj sah bohic mb

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`jc ~òimw nwm~~ojf k`jy ~h`~) vosa t`~~omj bmw hqtimw`somj) i`jfx`fh)

`jc hsajon kx~on `jc c`jnh* K`w` amic~ j K*Hc* oj Smxwo~k Chrhimtkhjs

bwmk Fhmwfh V`~aojfs mj Xjorhw~osy) `jc G*@* bwmk G`wj`wc Nmiihf h)

Nmixkgo` Xjorhw~osy* Nmjs`ns ahw s lk`w`Dsw`rhih`wjojf*nmk*

WMJ K@CHW o~ ` lmxwjìo~s) tamsmfw`tahw) `jc bmxjchw mb sah Ti`jhs`*

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hcosmw bmw Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c k`f`|ojh* G`~hc oj M`q`n`) Khqonm) Wmj

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NMJSWOGXSOJF HCOSMW^ -- G O M ^

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o~ twmboihc oj sah gmme@khwon`j Hjrowmjkhjsì Ih`chw~ !@gn+Niom) 7444/*

CHGMW@A KNI@WHJ o~ sah bmxjchw `jc bmwkhw Cowhnsmw mb Ojcofhjmx~

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cxh sm ih`c `jc |ojn kojojf) vaona ihc sah nmkkxjosy sm imme `s msahw

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oj ^mnoì Hnmimfy) ~thnoìo|ojf oj fimgì smxwo~k) bwmk Fmcc`wc Nmiihfh oj

Rhwkmjs* Ahw fw`cx`sh wh~h`wna bmnx~hc mj nmkkxjosy+g`~hc smxwo~k

ìshwj`sorh~ oj @~o` `jc ahw sah~o~ v`~ ` nwosopxh mb sah fimgì smxwo~k

ojcx~swy* âh a`~ vmwehc `~ ` nmj~xis`js bmw ojshwj`somjì JFM~ mj

axk`j wofas~) hjrowmjkhjs o~~xh~) ~x~sòj`gih chrhimtkhjs) `jc ~x~+

sòj`gih smxwo~k-hnmsmxwo~k tmionoh~ `jc twmfw`k~ oj I`soj @khwon` `jc

@~o`* Chgmwà a`~ mwf`jo|hc `jc twh~hjshc ~x~sòj`gih smxwo~k vmwe+

~amt~ `jc `~~o~shc oj ~sw`shfon ti`jjojf bmw nmkkxjosy fwmxt~) ~s`sh

`jc j`somjì oj~sosxsomj~) `jc sw`rhi `~~mno`somj~* âh ~hwrhc `~ `j ojshw+

j`somjì vosjh~~ bmw Ojcofhjmx~ i`jc wofas~ oj I`soj @khwon` `jc @~o`* Oj

`ccosomj) ~ah nmmwcoj`shc sah bow~s+hrhw ojshwj`somjì Ojcofhjmx~ Bmwxkmj Smxwo~k oj Khqonm oj 7447 `jc os~ bmiimv+xt Ojshwjhs nmjbhwhjnh mj

Ojcofhjmx~ Smxwo~k Nhwsobon`somj oj 7443* Chgmwà o~ `xsamw mb sah gmme

Whsaojeojf Smxwo~k jc Hnmsw`rhi!Exk`wo`j Twh~~/ Vh~s A`wsbmwc) 7jc*

hc* 7443) vaona o~ x~hc hqshj~orhiy gy sw`rhihw~) `n`chkon~) ~sxchjs~)

tmionykèhw~) jc nmkkxjosoh~* Chgmwà o~ vmweojf sm ch~ofj jhv X* *+

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âh nxwwhjsiy iorh~ oj ^s* T`xi) Kojjh~ms` vos a ahw b`koiy*

Nmjs`ns ahw s ChgmwàDkk*nmk*

NAWO^SOJH VOJHGWHJJHW o~ sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh

^h~~omj~ K`j`fhw5 sao~ o~ ahw ~hnmjc yh`w `s HSN* Bmw sah t`~s hofas

yh`w~ ~ah a`~ vmwehc oj r`womx~ `wh`~ mb sah sw`rhi ojcx~swy) ojnixcojf/ jmj+twmbos mwf`jo|`somj sa`s ~hwrh~

`~ `j mthj bmwxk bmw ~sxchjs~ sm co~nx~~ ojshwj`somjì hcxn`somj

`jc fimgì o~~xh~* @kmjf os~ ehy `nsorosoh~ o~ sah go`jjxì twmcxnsomj

mb@gwm`c Rohv) vvv*@gwm`cRohvK`f`|ojh*nmk) sah fimgì hcxn`somj

k`f`|ojh bmw ~sxchjs~) vaona âhwwy bmxjchc oj 0??1* âh ~hwrhc `~

sah Hcosmw `jc Txgio~ahw mb@gwm`c Rohvxjsoi 7448* âhwwy fw`cx`shc

bwmk Koccihgxwy Nmiihfh oj 0??? v osa ` k`lmw oj Hjfio~a ioshw`sxwh `jc `

kojmw oj nwh`sorh vwosojf*

Nmjs`ns ahw `s HcosmwDSw`j~osomj~@gwm`cK`f`|ojh*nmk*


7/94


NMJSWOGXSMW^ -- G O M ^

C@ROC @GHWJHSA_ o~ Twmbh~~mw Hkhwosx~ mb Tmiosonì ^nohjnh `s ^s`jbmwc

Xjorhw~osy `jc `xsamw mbSah Cyj`kon~ Mb Fimgì Cmkoj`jnh< Hxwmth`j

Mrhw~h`~ Hktowh~) 0308+0?14 !_ìh Xjorhw~osy Twh~~) 7444/* Ah a`~ ihn+

sxwhc mj ^s`jbmwc @ixkjo @~~mno`somj Sw`rhi-^sxcy swot~ sm sah Ojco`j

Mnh`j) h`~shwj `jc ~mxsahwj @bwon`) Jhv \hì`jc) Hfyts) Kmwmnnm)

^tòj) `jc Ojco`*

GOII GHIIHROIIH o~ ` Bimwoc`+g`~hc vwoshw ~thnoìo|ojf oj j`sxwh `jc

k`wojh o~~xh~* Ah nmjswogxsh~ vochiy sm j`somjì k`f`|ojh~ `jc a`~

~nwotshc `jc nm+twmcxnhc svm TG^ cmnxkhjs`woh~* Worhw mb Ièh~06+37>+4>2?*

@IO^MJ F@WCJHW) ^hjomw Sw`rhi Hcosmw mbSw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c) o~ sah

`xsamw mb Sw`rhi Xjiokoshc< Xjnmkkmj @crhjsxwh~ bmw sah K`sxwh

Sw`rhihw!@rìmj Sw`rhi Txgio~aojf) 7444/ `jc hcosmw mb Sw`rhi vosa `

Naìihjfh vhg k`f`|ojh) vvv*sw`rhivosa`naìihjfh*nmk) ` wonaiy oiix~+

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rmixjshhw r`n`somj~ vmwicvoch*

Nmjs`ns ahw `s @io~mjDsw`rhivosa`naìihjfh*nmk*

A@WMIC FMMCVOJ o~ Cowhnsmw mb sah tm~sfw`cx`sh Ojshwj`somjì Nhjswh

bmw Wh~tmj~ogih Smxwo~k `s sah Xjorhw~osy mb Fwhhjvona* Ah a`~ vmwehc

`~ ` nmj~xis`js `jc wh~h`wnahw bmw sah Vmwic Smxwo~k Mwf`jo|`somj)

sah X*E* fmrhwjkhjs~ Cht`wskhjs bmw Ojshwj`somjì Chrhimtkhjs) sahHxwmth`j Xjomj) sah Vmwic G`je) sah OBN) `jc msahw~* A`wmic vwmsh

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oj 0???* Oj @xfx~s 7447 ah nm+naòwhc sah ojshwj`somjì nmjbhwhjnh mj

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!vvv*onwsmxwo~k*mwf-n`thsmvj*aski/* Km~s whnhjsiy ah a`~ ghhj vmwe+

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sah oktihkhjs`somj mb ~x~sòj`gih chrhimtkhjs twojnotih~ sawmxfa

Wh~tmj~ogih Smxwo~k !vvv*wh~tmj~ogihsmxwo~kt`wsjhw~aot*mwf/*

A`wmic a`~ ` ~swmjf twor`sh ~hnsmw g`nefwmxjc vosa nmkkhwnoì ojshw+

h~s~ oj k`wehsojf ~thnoì ojshwh~s sw`rhi `jc ah o~ vmweojf vosa ` jxk+ghw mb ih`cojf X*E* mthw`smw~ `jc vosa ^kìi Ixqxwy Amshi~ mb sah Vmwic

sm chrhimt sahow wh~tmj~ogih smxwo~k tmionoh~*

^H@J A@SS o~ Twojnotì mb @isosxch) IIN) `j mwf`jo|`somjì gha`romw `jc

ih`chw~aot chrhimtkhjs nmkt`jy oj ^h`ssih*

Nmjs`ns aok `s ~h`jDih`chw~niokg*nmk) vvv*ih`chw~niokg*nmk*

AHWG AOIIHW o~ `j `xsamwosy mj o~~xh~ `bbhnsojf Bimwoc` smxwo~k `jc

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niojf kmrhkhjs `jc mb sah Bimwoc` ghc+`jc+gwhèb`~s kmrhkhjs* @~

hqhnxsorh cowhnsmw mb sah N`woggh`j Sw`rhi @~~mno`somj) ah ojoso`shc sah

N`woggh`j Smxwo~k Wh~h`wna Nhjshw oj G`wg`cm~ !smc`y~ N`woggh`j

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whfomjì smxwo~k hnmjmkoh~* Ao~ gmme~ ojnixch Fxoch sm sah ^kìi "

Ao~smwon Imcfojf~ mb Bimwoc`) ^h`~mj mb Ojjmnhjnh!`gmxs smxwo~k oj h`wiy

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~h~~omj mb ~tw`vi* Ao~ vmwe a`~ `tth`whc oj Sah @si`json) I`jc " Thmtih

`jc Bimwoc` Swhjc* Ah amic~ G*@* `jc L*C* chfwhh~ wh~thnsorhiy bwmk

Xjomj Nmiihfh !J_/ `jc sah A`wr`wc I`v ^nammi* Ah ihnsxwh~ `~ ` Wm`c

^nami`w bmw sah Bimwoc` Axk`josoh~ Nmxjnoi*

3


8/94


CHJO^H AXKKHI o~ ` j`sorh Jhv _mwehw) iorojf oj Osìy vosa ahw ax~g`jc

`jc naoicwhj `jc cowhnsojf ` nmkkxjon`somj~ gx~ojh~~ bmnx~hc mj ~x~+

sòj`gih smxwo~k*

âh n`j gh wh`nahc `s chjo~hDok`fojh+nmkkxjon`somj~*nmk* vvv*

ok`fojh+nmkkxjon`somj~*nmk*

LOK E@JH o~ twh~ochjs `jc bmxjchw mb Nxisxwh Qtimwhw~* Ah o~ ì~m sah

Nmkkxjosy+G`~hc Sw rhi nmixkjo~s bmw Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c* Nmjs`ns aok

`s lokDnxisxwhqtimwhw~*nmk*

Bmw kmwh ojbmwk`somj) ro~os vvv*nxisxwhqtimwhw~*nmk*

SOK IHBBHI o~ sah Wh~mxwnhbxi Sw`rhihw nmixkjo~s bmw Sw`j~osomj~ @gwm`c*

Ah a`~ txgio~ahc mrhw 84 sw`rhi `wsonih~ oj twojs `jc mj sah Vhg* Ah

a`~ vwosshj `gmxs ` voch w`jfh mb ~xglhns~) bwmk ~òiojf mj sah Joih sm

a`jfojf mxs vosa v`jchwojf amiy khj) vaoih ~`ktiojf hrhwysaojf bwmk

Ehjsxney gmxwgmj sm Emwh`j ~mlx oj sah iojh mb cxsy* Sok txgio~ah~ `j

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742+420> mw 144+XNI@ixkjo mw ro~os vvv*XNI@ixkjo*jhs*

WONE ^SHRH^ o~ sah am~s mb sah txgion shihro~omj ~hwoh~ Wone ^shrh~

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gy @rìmj Sw`rhi Txgio~aojf*

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Hnx`cmw*

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jms+bmw+twmbos mwf`jo|`somj chcon`shc sm twmrocojf hcxn`somj `jc mxs+

wh`na ~hwronh~ sa`s voii ih~~hj sah smii sa`s sw`rhi `jc smxwo~k sèh~ mj

sah hjrowmjkhjs `jc imnì nxisxwh~* Os v`~ bmxjchc gy Thshw Ewàhjgxai

`jc Gwo`j Kxiio~) vam vmwe nim~hiy vosa sah ^SO Hqhnxsorh Gm`wc) sah ^SO

@cro~mwy Gm`wc) `jc ` sh`k mb chcon`shc rmixjshhw~) sm chro~h twmfw`k~

sa`s voii n`sìy|h ` bxjc`khjsì sw`j~bmwk`somj oj sah sw`rhi `jc smxw+

o~k `whj`*

Bmw kmwh ojbmwk`somj) ro~os vvv*~x~sòj`gihsw`rhiojshwj`somjì*mwf*

@K_ V@WWHJ) sah Nmkkxjon`somj~ Cowhnsmw bmw Fimgì ^hwronh Nmwt~)

`jc Voj~xj A~oha `wh gmsa KG@~ vosa `j xjgx~ojh~~ioeh t`~~omj bmw

ojshwj`somjì sw`rhi `jc ahitojf msahw~* Sahy a`rh gmsa rmixjshhwhc

`gwm`c oj whnhjs yh`w~*

NMJSWOGXSMW^-- G O M ^


9/94


WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI ÂMVN@^H -- V O J J H W ^

VH NMJFW@SXI@SH SAH 7442 ÂMVN@^H AMJMWHH^ ojnmkh bmwsah ~`kh ~hwronh mj sah sw`cosomjì smxwo~k o~i`jc~*

Km~s oktmws`jsiy) sah twmlhns hktmvhw~ sah imnì thmtih* Sahy `wh

`gih jc voiiojf sm hqtwh~~ sahow rmonh jc oktwh~~omj~ gmxs hnmsmxwo~k

chrhimtkhjs* Sahy n`j hqtiòj sahow ro~omj mb ~x~sòj`gih hnmsmxwo~k)

`jc sahy xjchw~s`jc sa`s pxìosy mb smxwo~k ro~os~ k`y gwojf kxna kmwh

ghjhbos sa`j px`jsosy mb smxwo~k ro~os~* Oj Bhgwx`wy mb 7447 cxwojf sah

whfomjì twht`w`smwy vmwe~amt bmw sah Vmwic Hnmsmxwo~k ^xkkos)

Sah Wh~tmj~ogih Smxwo~k âmvn`~h @v`wc~) chrhimthc gy sah Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmkkxjosy `jc bh`sxwhc oj nmjlxjnsomj vosa

sah `jjxì Hcxn`somjì Sw`rhi Nmjbhwhjnh) whnmfjo|h wh~tmj~ogih smxwo~k twmrochw~ bmw sahow hbbmws~* Sah ~shv`wc~aot `v`wc~

`sshkts sm ~swhjfsahj sah amjmwhh~ ro`goiosy gy twmrocojf sahk vosa hqtm~xwh `jc ojswmcxnsomj~ sm k`lmw sw`rhi ti`jjhw~ ` s

xjorhw~osoh~) iogw`woh~) |mm~) jc kx~hxk~*

3


10/94

WH^TMJ^ OGIH SW@RHI A@JCGMME 7442 -- ?

WH^TMJÔGIH SW@RHI ÂMVN@^H -- V O J J H W ^

sah hnmsmxwo~k twmlhns mb @j`to` O~i`jc v`~ mg~hwrhc `~ ` kmsor`sojf

n`~h ~sxcy mb ` nmkkxjosy+g`~hc smxwo~k ojoso`sorh* Bxwsahwkmwh) sah

imnì j`sorh nmmwcoj`smw) Kw* Lm~h Bimwh~) v`~ ch~ofj`shc sm whtwh~hjs

sah rmonh mb ^mxsa @khwon`j ojcofhjmx~ thmtih oj hnmsmxwo~k o~~xh~ oj

sah Hnmsmxwo~k ^xkkos ahic Pxhghn Nosy oj K`y 7447*

Oj ^htshkghw 744>) @ii V`y~ Sw`rhi `jc sah nmkkxjosy mb @j`to`vmj ` J`somjì @v`wc bmw Gh~s T`wsonot`sorh Nmkkxjosy+g`~hcTwmlhns `v`wc bxjchc gy Bmwc Bmxjc`somj/* Os~ nxisxwì hqna`jfhsmxwo~k twmlhns nìihc Sah Swh`~xwh mb Voj`yk`we`+Soson`n` v`~whnmfjo|hc bmw swxiy tw`nsonojf ojshwnxisxwìosy) h~s`gio~aojf mthj co`+imfxh ghsvhhj imnì~ `jc bmwhofjhw~) ~sokxi`sojf hpxì whi somj~aot~`kmjf thmtih bwmk cobbhwhjs nxisxwh~) chkmj~sw`sojf sah ro`goiosy mb`j `~~mno`somj ghsvhhj twor`sh nmkt`jy % imnì nmkkxjosy sm twm+kmsh ~mnoì chrhimtkhjs) `jc ~amvojf fwh`s nmj~xis`somj n`t`nosy`kmjf imnì `nsmw~) nmkkosshh~) nmkkxjosy+g`~hc mwf`jo|`somj~)`jc sah fhjhwì tmtxi`somj*Bmw kmwh ojbmwk`somj< Nmjs`ns Hio`j` K* T`xn`) @ii V`y~ Sw`rhiSoson`n`) Thwx5 400+4480+80+>8>?6? 5 hio`j`Dsoson`n`thwx*nmk)vvv*soson`n`thwx*nmk*

Sawhh N`khi ImcfhSawhh N`khi Imcfh v`~ gxois oj 7447 sm ~hwrh `~ ` g`~h bmw smxwo~s~sm hqtimwh Kmjfmio`~ Fmgo Ch~hws mj hnm+bwohjciy sw`rhi twojnotih~*@~ Kmjfmio`~ bow~s hnm+imcfh) sah Imcfh òk~ sm ghnmkh @~o`~ gh~skmchi bmw hnm+smxwo~k jc hnm+imcfh~*

Os x~h~ gmsa ~mi`w `jc vojc tmvhw `jc imnì `wso~`j~ nw`bshc sahwmmb mb sah gxoicojf~ oj `nnmwc`jnh vosa Kmjfmio`j Gxccao~s `wnao+shnsxwh) vosamxs x~ojf ` ~ojfih jòi* Axjsojf a`~ ghhj twmaogoshcvosaoj ` 07+koih w`cox~) `jc sah Imcfh `nsorhiy bofas~ `fòj~s xj`x+samwo|hc whkmrì mb cojm~`xw bm~~oi~ bwmk tìhmjsmimfonì ~osh~* SahImcfh bxjc~ j`sxwh nmj~hwr`somj nixg~ bmw naoicwhj oj imnì ~hnmjc+

`wy ~nammi~ `jc ~hwrh~ `~ ` swòjojf rhjxh bmw imnì j`sxwh nmj~hwr`+somj xjos~ jc t`we w`jfhw~*Sah Imcfh~ bmwhkm~s nmkkoskhjs o~ sm Kmjfmio` `jc ahw thm+

tih* @ii mb sah ~s`bb `wh chcon`shc sm sah twh~hwr`somj mb Kmjfmio`~j`sxwì `jc nxisxwì vmjchw~ `jc ghiohrh sa`s Kmjfmio` n`j ghjhbosfwh`siy bwmk sah chrhimtkhjs mb `j hnmimfonìiy nmj~nohjsomx~ `jc~x~sòj`gih ttwm`na sm smxwo~k) wh~h`wna jc hqtimw`somj sa`s nmxicwhcxnh sah chk`jc jc jhhc bmw ojcx~swoì chrhimtkhjs*

Sah Imcfh a`~ k`ch ` ~ofjobon`js nmjswogxsomj sm nwh`sojf lmg~ bmwsah tmtxi`somj imn`shc oj sah whkmsh `wh` mb sah Fmgo Ch~hws* @gmxs64( mb sah bxii+sokh ~s`bb `wh imnì wh~ochjs~* Sah Imcfh vmwe~ vosa~hrhwì jmk`con b`koioh~ sawmxfamxs sah yh`w vam ~xttiy sah n`ktvosa còwy twmcxns~) kh`s) amkh+fwmvj rhfhs`gih~) `jc amw~h~ `jcn`khi~* Sahwh o~ ` ~mxrhjow ~amt oj mjh mb sah kòj gxoicojf~ sa`s

~hii~ ws~ jc nw`bs~ `jc nimsah~ k`ch gy imnì wso~`j~ jc b`koioh~*Gy twmkmsojf ~x~sòj`gih smxwo~k tw`nsonh~) sah Imcfh ahit~ sm

twmroch hnmjmkon ~s`goiosy bmw k`jy imnì nmkkxjosoh~ `jc ojcorocx+ì~) sahwhgy whcxnojf sah jhnh~~osy sm whimn`sh sm nosoh~*

Sah Imcfh o~ ì~m ` khkghw mb Mjfooj Worhw kmrhkhjs) vaonav`~ h~s`gio~ahc sm twmshns sah Fmgo~ twhnomx~ worhw Mjfooj) vaonajmv a`~ cwohc xt oj km~s t`ws~ cxh sm kojh~ tmiixsojf sah worhw*

Mjh mb sah bmxjcojf och`~ mb sah Imcfh v`~ sa`s os vmxic nmktih+khjs sah j`sxwì ~xwwmxjcojf~ `jc sa`s os vmxic nmjswogxsh sm sahtwh~hwr`somj mb sah voiciobh `jc bimw` `jc b`xj`* Sah Imcfh a`~ `jhqthwokhjsì bohic vahwh os twmroch~ nmj~s`js owwof`somj sm mg~hwrh

amv kxna twmcxnh sah Fmgo ~moi n`j twmroch ob v`shw o~ twmrochc nmj+~s`jsiy* Os a`~ ` f`wchj vahwh ~hrhwì ojcofhjmx~ ti`js~ `wh ghojffwmvj* ^hrhwì w`wh ti`js~ vhwh whti`jshc oj sah Imcfh f`wchj) `~vhii*

@ii mb sah Imcfh~ fxoch~ ìi imnì Kmjfmio`j~/ `wh s`xfas `jc

swòjhc sm twmkmsh nxisxwì ojshw`nsomj g`~hc mj kxsxì wh~thns `jcxjchw~s`jcojf mb nxisxwì cobbhwhjnh~* Sah Imcfh ~sworh~ sm kòjsòj` chion`sh gì`jnh) jhosahw nnhihw`sojf sah kmchwjo|`somj mb `jnohjsnxisxwh~) jmw ~xttwh~~ojf sahow j`sxwì hrmixsomj* Sahy ì~m whnhorhswòjojf mj nmj~hwr`somj o~~xh~ sawmxfamxs sah `wh`~ mb sah Fmgo sa`ssahy wh hqtimwojf*

Vahjhrhw sah mttmwsxjosy twh~hjs~ os~hib) sah Imcfh vmwe~ sm gwojfoj ih`cojf Kmjfmio`j `jc ojshwj`somjì hcxn`smw~ `jc jmj+fmrhwj+khjsì fwmxt~) ~xna `~ imnì kx~hxk~) vmkhj~ fwmxt~) j`sxwìo~s~)`jc khconì wh~h`wnahw~*

Sah imcfh o~ imn`shc oj sah ~mxsahwj km~s t`ws mb Kmjfmio`) oj sahah`ws mb sah Fmgo Ch~hws* Sah k`fjobonhjs Fmgo Fxwr`j ^òeea`jKmxjsòj w`jfh o~ vosaoj rohv vaoih sah imcfh os~hib o~ gxois mjsah h`~shwj sot mb Gxi`fsò Kmxjsòj) vaona o~ amkh sm ` jxkghw

mb `jnohjs gxwoì ~osh~ ghimjfojf sm cobbhwhjs hw`~) ~mkh `~ h`wiy `~7444 yh`w~ fm jc `wh oktmws`js wna`hmimfonì ~osh~ ~ojnh sahy whhrochjnh sa`s sah Fmgo v`~ oja`goshc gy jmk`c~ imjf fm*

@nnmkkmc`somj~ ojnixch fhw~) sw`cosomjì jmk`con bhis shjs~*K`ch mb ` i`ssonhc vmmc ~swxnsxwh nmrhwhc vosa i`yhw~ mb bhis `jcn`jr`~) h`na fhw o~ ah`shc gy ` vmmc ~smrh `jc bxwjo~ahc vosa gh`x+sobxiiy tòjshc vmmc+bw`kh ghc~* Sah fhw~ twmroch `j `xsahjson `jckhkmw`gih s`~sh mb Kmjfmio j nxisxwh* Km~s sw`rhihw~ ~thjc ~hrhwìjofas~ `s sah Sawhh N`khi Imcfh) x~ojf os `~ ` g`~h bmw Fmgo+`wh`smxw~) ojnixcojf swheeojf) tìhmjsmimfonì cof~) n`khi swheeojf) gowcv`snaojf) tamsm ~`b`wo~) vojshw smxw~) jc gms`jonì swot~*

Bmw kmwh ojbmwk`somj) Xi``jg``s`w) Kmjfmio`5 400+?62+00+>0>+>?25 ojbmDsawhhn`khiimcfh*nmk) vvv*sawhhn`khiimcfh*nmk*

Sah 7442 âmvn`~h Amjmwhh~ h`na whnhorhc sah bmiimvojf

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