Restoration Design

Incorporating Design and Project Management into Restoration

Practice

• Kern Ewing and Jim Fridley

• Restoration Ecology and Environmental Horticulture Program

• University of Washington, Seattle

http://www.cfr.washington.edu/classes.cfr.302/

• Why design and project management?– To efficiently use time and resources– To make sure you make deadlines and hit

windows– To make sure everything is done– To communicate with clients, regulators– To budget– To document your work– To come up with better solutions

Design

• Design stages:– Identification of need– Problem framing– Setting design requirements and constraints– Synthesis of design parameters– Approval and acceptance– Implementation– Assessment and adjustment

• Stakeholders– Problem owner (client)– Those responsible for proposing or initiating

action (design team)– Those who implement solutions (workers)– Those who may benefit from, or be injured by,

proposed actions (affected persons)– Potential blockers (activists, regulators,

bureaucrats, manager).

Time

Steps

Progress alongdesign sequence

Implementation

• Design stages:– Identification of need– Problem framing– Setting design requirements and constraints– Synthesis of design parameters– Approval and acceptance– Implementation– Assessment and adjustment

• Design stages (1): identification of need– Assigned problems– Self-identified problems

• Get a concise description of project in words of stakeholders.

• Communicate a concise restatement of project in words of design team (Active Listening)

• Design stages (2): problem framing– Dominating Perspective or Viewpoint – Establish Policy & System Level Functional

Requirements and Constraints– Set Tolerance and Acceptance Criteria– Identify Top Level Constraint Owners

(Stakeholders) – Identify Collaborators for Concurrent Design

• Design stages (3): setting design requirements and constraints

Functional Requirements (FR’s)– Functional Objectives Stated in Solution-

Neutral Terms

Constraints (C’s)– Limitations on Designer Freedom– All C’s Must Be Owned by a Stakeholder

• Constraints

• Constraint Owner

• No more than…• At least…• Without…• Limits, bounds

• Functional Requirements

• Problem Owner

• Provide …• Increase …• Decrease ...• Don’t have but want

or need

• Design stages (4): Synthesis of design parameters– Iterative: you go back and forth between

stages 3 and 4.

• Design is done when:– Persons of ordinary skill can implement the

solution so that it performs the desired functions.

– The solution does not violate constraints.

Project management

• Goal of project management:– Achieve better outcomes

• Meet FR’s• Not violate C’s

– Stay within budget– Complete project within a pre-determined time

• Planning and sequencing– Identify tasks– Identify precedence relationships (A must

precede B)– Estimate task durations– Sequence the tasks to meet precedence

requirement

Task list

• Tasks might be: Plan for vegetation Plant site Condition site Remove invasive plants Purchase seed Select and propagate Replace dead plants Monitor installation Develop succession management plan Install large woody debris Control for human activity

Determine Precedence

• Generate a table that shows, for each task, what tasks must precede and what tasks must follow.

• BPA project example at right.

Task Follows Precedes

A. Wait for BPA to finish - C,D,E,K

B. Plan for vegetation - C,F,G

C. Plant site A,D,F,G,K

D. Condition site E

E. Remove invasive plants A

F. Purchase seed B

G. Select and propagate B

H. Replace dead plants C

I. Monitor installation J,L

J. Develop succession management plan

- B,I

K. Install large woody debris A,D,E C

L. Control for human activity J,C -

Network Diagram

Look at the project sequencing as a diagram with circles and arrows:

Start Finish

Condition Site

Start Finish

Plant Site

Start Finish/Start

Condition Site

Finish

Plant Site

Example network diagram (BPA right of way)

Determine Precedence

• Generate a table that shows, for each task, what tasks must precede and what tasks must follow.

• BPA project example at right.

Task Follows Precedes

A. Wait for BPA to finish - C,D,E,K

B. Plan for vegetation - C,F,G

C. Plant site A,D,F,G,K

D. Condition site E

E. Remove invasive plants A

F. Purchase seed B

G. Select and propagate B

H. Replace dead plants C

I. Monitor installation J,L

J. Develop succession management plan

- B,I

K. Install large woody debris A,D,E C

L. Control for human activity J,C -

7 3 5 4 3 2 ?

10 ?

10

10

5 0

0 0

Task durations are shown in black

7 3 5 4 3 2 ?

10 ?

10

10

5 0

0 0

0 2015107 25

10

23

2010

25

Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in green

7 3 5 4 3 2 ?

10 ?

10

10

5 0

0 0

0 2015107 25

10

23

2010

2523

Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red

Determine Late Starts/Discuss/Submit

7 3 5 4 3 2 ?

10 ?

10

10

5 0

0 0

0 2015107

25

10

23

20

10

25

23

2320

20

16

15

13

11

10

8

01

Task durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red

A-7 E-3 D-5 K-4 C-3 L-2 I-?

J-10 H-?

B-10

G-10

F-5 0

0 0

0 2015107

25

10

23

20

10

25

23

2320

20

16

15

13

11

10

8

01

Tasks and their durations are shown in blackEarly start times are shown in greenLate start times are shown in red

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

A 7

B 10

C 3

D 5

E 3

F 5

G 10

H -

I -

J 10

K 4

L 2

Gantt Chart

Complete/Discuss/Submit