Return to Our Return to Our Essential Question……Essential Question……

How do trade barriers (tariffs, How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargos) hinder quotas, and embargos) hinder

voluntary trade from voluntary trade from occurring between countries?occurring between countries?

Human-Made Trade Human-Made Trade BarriersBarriers

Tariff Tariff –– a a TaxTax on Imported Goods on Imported Goods (makes them more (makes them more expensive & expensive & makes it less likely makes it less likely consumers will consumers will buy)buy)Quota- A Limit on

the amount of goods that can be imported from another country.

EmbargoEmbargo- - A total

Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

Return to Our Return to Our Essential Question……Essential Question……

How does the North American How does the North American Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA) impact Canada’s (NAFTA) impact Canada’s economy and trade?economy and trade?

N.A.F.T.A.N.A.F.T.A. (North American Free Trade Agreement)(North American Free Trade Agreement)

Reduction of Trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, & USA (Tariffs, Reduction of Trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, & USA (Tariffs, Quotas, etc.)Quotas, etc.)

Intended to increase trade of goods between the countriesIntended to increase trade of goods between the countriesFeelings about the success of NAFTA are mixedFeelings about the success of NAFTA are mixed

R49R49

Canadian Canadian GovernmentGovernment

Today’s Standard(s)Today’s Standard(s)

SS6CG3 The student will explain the structure of the national government of

Canada.

a. Describe the structure of the Canadian government as a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy, and a federation,

distinguishing the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms.

Intro to Our Intro to Our Essential Essential Question……Question……What type of government

systems exists in Canada?

Who is the leader of Canada and what is his or her title?

What is the role of the legislature?

What role does the citizen have as a participant in Canada’s government?

Canadian Provinces & Canadian Provinces & TerritoriesTerritories

Today, Canada is made up of 10 provinces & Today, Canada is made up of 10 provinces & 3 Territories.3 Territories.

Canadian ProvincesCanadian Provinces

ProvincesProvinces: : British Columbia British Columbia

AlbertaAlberta

SaskatchewanSaskatchewan

ManitobaManitoba

OntarioOntario

QuebecQuebec

Newfoundland and LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island

New Brunswick New Brunswick

Nova ScotiaNova Scotia

Canadian TerritoriesCanadian Territories

TerritoriesTerritories: : Yukon TerritoryYukon Territory

Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories

Nunavut Nunavut

GovernmentGovernment

The government of Canada is similar in structure to The government of Canada is similar in structure to the U.S. division of power.the U.S. division of power.

Canada Has:Canada Has:

A Central GovernmentA Central Government

Provincial GovernmentsProvincial Governments

&&

Territorial GovernmentsTerritorial Governments

Central GovernmentCentral Government

The central government of Canada is similar to our own The central government of Canada is similar to our own federal government. It’s responsibilities include: federal government. It’s responsibilities include: national national

defensedefense, , trade & bankingtrade & banking, , immigrationimmigration, , criminal lawcriminal law, , & & postal service.postal service.

Provincial GovernmentProvincial Government

The provincial governments The provincial governments of Canada are similar to of Canada are similar to

state governments in the state governments in the U.S.U.S.

The provincial governments’ The provincial governments’ responsibilities include: responsibilities include: administer educationadminister education,, property rightsproperty rights, , local local

governmentgovernment, , hospitalshospitals, , & & provincial taxes.provincial taxes.

Territorial GovernmentTerritorial Government

Territorial Territorial governments governments

have less have less responsibilities, responsibilities, but still enjoy but still enjoy limited self-limited self-governmentgovernment

Organization of GovernmentOrganization of Government

Canada is a Canada is a constitutional constitutional

monarchymonarchy..

The Canadian The Canadian government government

consists of the consists of the executiveexecutive,,

legislativelegislative && judicialjudicial branches.branches.

Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen A government ruled by a king or queen whose power is determined by the whose power is determined by the

nation’s constitution & laws.nation’s constitution & laws.

It is a form of limited government.It is a form of limited government.

Head of StateHead of State

The British monarch is The British monarch is Canada’s Head of Canada’s Head of

State.State.

The Queen will select a The Queen will select a Governor-General to Governor-General to

represent her.represent her.

*The Queen & her Governor-*The Queen & her Governor-General really have little General really have little power. They have a more power. They have a more

symbolic role.symbolic role.

LegislatureLegislature

Canada’s legislature is called Canada’s legislature is called ““ParliamentParliament”.”.

It has two bodies, just like our It has two bodies, just like our legislative branch.legislative branch.

The House of CommonsThe House of Commons

&&

The SenateThe Senate

Together, they determine Together, they determine CanadianCanadian lawslaws && policiespolicies..

LegislatureLegislature

Citizens elect members to the Citizens elect members to the House of Commons.House of Commons.

The leader of the political The leader of the political party with the most party with the most

members in the House of members in the House of Commons becomes the Commons becomes the

head of the government.head of the government.

He/She becomes He/She becomes

““Prime MinisterPrime Minister””

Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Senators for all 10 Senators for all 10 provinces & 3 provinces & 3 territories are territories are

selected by the selected by the Prime Minister.Prime Minister.

Our Senators our Our Senators our elected through elected through

democratic democratic elections.elections.

JudiciaryJudiciary

Canada has both Canada has both federalfederal && provincial provincial

courts.courts.

The highest court is the The highest court is the federal Supreme federal Supreme

CourtCourt..

It is made up of 9 It is made up of 9 justices justices

(just like ours).(just like ours).

Equality & JusticeEquality & Justice

In order to protect the civil In order to protect the civil rights of all Canadian rights of all Canadian citizens, a citizens, a Charter of Charter of

Rights & FreedomsRights & Freedoms was was added to the Canadian added to the Canadian constitution in 1982.constitution in 1982.

This is similar to our Bill of This is similar to our Bill of Rights.Rights.

Charter of Rights & Charter of Rights & FreedomsFreedoms

1. 1. Guarantees freedom of speech & religionGuarantees freedom of speech & religion

2. 2. Protects every citizens right to voteProtects every citizens right to vote

3. 3. Right to have a lawyer, if arrestedRight to have a lawyer, if arrested

4. 4. Canadians are free to work & live anywhere in Canadians are free to work & live anywhere in CanadaCanada

5. 5. Equal rights, regardless of race, religion, gender, Equal rights, regardless of race, religion, gender, age, or national originage, or national origin

Pierre Pierre TrudeauTrudeau

He was Prime Minister from He was Prime Minister from 1968-1979 & 1980-1984.1968-1979 & 1980-1984.

Though he was of French-Though he was of French-Canadian background, he Canadian background, he successfully repressed, or successfully repressed, or stopped Quebec’s move stopped Quebec’s move

for independence.for independence.

It was he who pushed for the It was he who pushed for the addition of the Charter of addition of the Charter of

Rights & Freedoms.Rights & Freedoms.

Many Cultures, Many NeedsMany Cultures, Many Needs

Canada has many people from many Canada has many people from many different cultures. People tend to hold their different cultures. People tend to hold their

traditional customs & language close to traditional customs & language close to their hearts.their hearts.

Sometimes……this can cause Sometimes……this can cause problems.problems.

SeparatistsSeparatistsSome French-Speaking Some French-Speaking

Canadians are Canadians are separatistsseparatists, or people , or people

who want the province of who want the province of Quebec to become an Quebec to become an independent country.independent country.

In 1980 & 1995 the In 1980 & 1995 the parliament voted on parliament voted on

whether or not Quebec whether or not Quebec should get independent should get independent

status.status.

It was rejected both times.It was rejected both times.

Quebec’s ImportanceQuebec’s Importance

Quebec is a major contributor Quebec is a major contributor to Canada’s to Canada’s economyeconomy..

Quebec is home to many Quebec is home to many important industries such important industries such as: aerospace production, as: aerospace production, information technology, & information technology, &

high-tech industry.high-tech industry.

French culture is important French culture is important part of Canadian history & part of Canadian history & it’s modern-day identity.it’s modern-day identity.

Return to Our Return to Our Essential Essential Question……Question……What type of government

systems exists in Canada?

Who is the leader of Canada and what is his or her title?

What is the role of the legislature?

What role does the citizen have as a participant in Canada’s government?