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Assessment Report-Lower Dir District 12 august 2010

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Main objective: The main objective of this rapid needs assessment was to assess population vulnerability in Upper Dir district at village cluster level in the aftermath of the floods that hit Pakistan in August 2010.

Specific objectives:

Data collection focused on the assessment of the following points: • Access to the district • Affected population (displacement, causalities, etc) • Shelters needs • Water, sanitation and hygiene needs • Access to health facilities • Education facilities • Damages on key agricultural facilities and risk regarding food security • Livelihoods

Location: KPK province, Upper Dir district

Sample 1

21 Union Councils assessed: Barawal Bandey, Dari Kand, Shahi Kot, Jabbar, Tarpatar, Palam, Chukiatan, Bebyawanr, Daroora, Barikot, Kalkot,Patrak, Dog, Sawnrai, Sheringal, Guldai, Warai, Dislawar , Pashta, Akhagram, Khal, Tormang. 80 village cluster2 assessed

Period of field assessment: From August 3rd to August 7th 2010

1. METHODOLOGY

1.1. CONTEXT

� Overall context

Since July 21st Pakistan has been affected by some of the worst floods it has experienced in decades. Causalities are estimated to 1.344 people (National Disaster Management Authority – NDMA report August 11th 2010) and the affected population amounts to 14 millions. The federal government declared state of emergency, with Sindh, Punjab and KPK provinces hit. The worst affected area in Pakistan is the province of KPK, which has alone recorded 1,036 deaths (NDMA report August 11th 2010). Within the province, Swat and Dir are some of the worst-affected districts.

� Upper Dir District

Located between Swat district and FATA province on the west side of KPK province, Upper Dir district has been heavily affected in 2008- 2009 by the conflict, resulting in massive displacement of population and increased constraints on food security and livelihoods. This, along with recent floods, is compounded by the underlying vulnerability that already characterised remote mountain areas prior to the crisis.

1 A list of the assessed Ucs and village cluster will be provided in annex 2. 2 Village clusters are groups of villages, locally referred to as Mouza, and comprising from 1 to 5 villages (settlements).

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Considering the major damages caused by the floods in this area, a rapid need assessment has been conducted from August 3rd to August 7th in all accessible UCs of Upper Dir in order to provide immediate assistance to the flood-affected populations.

1.2. OBJECTIVES

Comprehensive assessments were conducted in three flood affected districts of KPK province: Swat, Lower Dir and Upper Dir. The present assessment report details data collected at villages’ cluster level in 22 UCs UCs of Upper Dir district.

1.3. TOOLS

The most affected villages’ clusters in accessible UCs were assessed. A focus has been done on the main village of each village cluster. In each village main assessed, interviews were conducted with traditional authorities of villages (elderly, notables, etc) and local authorities. A specific questionnaire has been developed for this purpose. This survey has been conducted by the AMEU (Appraisal, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit). Besides, four AMEU teams in Pakistan were mobilized for this rapid need assessment.

AMEU is an autonomous unit within ACTED Pakistan, dedicated to improving the relevance, quality and accountability of ACTED’s programs by facilitating Project Cycle Management and conducting research and assessments to inform and influence policy and practice.

1.4. SAMPLE

This rapid needs assessment focused on the most affected UCs of Upper Dir. As such, 21 UCs out of 28 for the whole Upper Dir have been assessed. Overall, a total of 80 village clusters have been surveyed.

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2. OVERVIEW PER UNION COUNCIL

All assessed UCs have been heavily affected by monsoon floods, but on different scopes. The present chapter will present an overview of the worst hit UCs regarding immediate damages to population, access roads, communal facilities, agriculture and food security.

An overview table of floods impact on each UC is attached in annexe 1.

3. OVERVIEW PER SECTOR

The present chapter will focus on a more in-depth analysis of each sector at village cluster level.

2.1 POPULATION

2.1.1 Displacement

� Population status before floods: 83.626 families were listed with community leaders before the floods, with an average number of 7 persons per family.

� Displacements: 1,417 families were displaced with the floods, ie 1.6 % of the total number of families. However, displacement in Upper Dir concerned more than 50% of the assessed village clusters. 6 villages’ clusters are particularly concerned with more than 10 % of the population being displaced:

UC Village clusters Nb of families before floods

Nb of displaced families

% of displaced families among the population

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� It should be noticed that displacement remained limited within the village territory for a majority (77 %) of the surveyed families.

� At the time of the assessment, 13 families already returned to their homes in Darikand and Sahib Abab villages’ clusters.

2.1.2 Casualties � 71 persons were reported being killed in the floods. High losses were reported in three particular

villages’ clusters.

UC Village Cluster Nb of casualties��

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� 424 persons have been injured during the floods. High number of causalities was reported in 8 villages (higher than 20 persons).

UC Main Village Nb of injured persons��

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It should be noticed that Gor Kohay, with 15 casualties and 20 persons dead has been heavily affected by floods, with an initial population of 980 families.

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2.1.3 Houses damages � Housing status before floods: 44.422 houses have been listed, with the following structure type

o 25.4 % stone type o 17.1 % concrete type o 50.5 % mud type

However, it should be noted that houses structures can significantly vary from a village to another.

� Houses damages due to floods: 1,530 houses were partially destroyed and 1, 046 entirely swapped away by floods, representing almost 6 % of the total number of houses. Around 50 % of the assessed villages’ clusters have been affected in terms of houses destruction. Damages were particularly wide and critical for 9 villages’ clusters having more than 25% of their houses damaged/destroyed by floods.

UC Main Village Nb of partly damaged houses

Nb of fullydestroyed houses

% of damages/destruction vs total nb of houses

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� Shelters needs resulting from houses destruction/damages: Community leaders indicated needs for 2,553 shelters, ie 5 % of the total number of houses. Needs for shelters are particularly high for the main villages above stated, which are the most affected of Upper Dir district. No shelters have been distributed to the communities at the time of assessment.

2.2 WATER & SANITATION

2.2.1 Water sources

� Water supply schemes: o Status before the floods: 203 water supply schemes located in 44 village clusters were

identified by community leaders. All water supply schemes are communal. Only 65% of them are providing drinkable water.

o Floods damages: Almost 74 % of water supply schemes have been damaged by the floods leaving only 53 schemes functional. 56 % of the village clusters with prior water supply schemes have been affected. The largest damages are found in village clusters having more than 10 water supply schemes.

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UC Village cluster Nb of water supply schemes before floods

Nb of water supply schemes damaged by floods

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� Hand pumps Only 2 hand pumps were reported in Upper Dir, both in Pashta village cluster (Pahsta UC), out of which 1 has been damaged by floods.

� Springs o Status before floods: 647 springs were identified in 58 village clusters. Information was not

available for others village clusters. 94 % of these springs are communal property. o Floods damages: More than 68 % of these springs were damaged by the floods. Only half

(58 %) of the assessed springs are providing drinkable water after the floods.The worst damages are found in village clusters having a large number of springs, namely:

UC Village Cluster Nb of springs before floods

Nb of damaged springs

Type of springs

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� Others sources of water: No wells or boreholes were reported by community leaders.

2.2.2 Water supply schemes:

� 158 water supply schemes have been fully assessed by the community leaders within this rapid needs assessment.

� Out of the 546 km of water supply schemes identified in Upper Dir, around 38 % have been severely damaged by the floods. About 208 km need to be repaired.

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2.2.3 Water tanks and springs boxes � Water tanks: 173 water tanks were identified in the assessed village clusters, with an

average capacity of 4,009 gallons. Out of them, 85 water tanks have been damaged by the floods.

� Springs boxes: 156 spring boxes were identified by the community leaders with an average capacity of 231 gallons. Around 13.5 % of the village clusters have at least 4 springs boxes.

� 70,5 % of the springs boxes have been reported as damaged by the floods. However, none of the assessed communities indicated that rehabilitation was ongoing.

2.2.4 Sanitation � Flush latrines: 39,990 flush latrines were identified by the community leaders out of which

2,710 have been damaged by the floods. 5 village clusters have been heavily affected, with damages on flush latrines superior to 40 %.

UC Village cluster Nb of flush latrines before floods

Nb of damaged flush latrines

% of damaged flush latrines

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� Pit latrines: 3,160 pit latrines were reported in the assessed village clusters. Damages are limited (60 pit latrines) since they are concentrated in 6 village clusters as follows

UC Village cluster Nb of pit latrines before floods

Nb of damaged pit latrines

% of damaged pit latrines

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2.2.5 Hygiene education

40% of the assessed village clusters benefited from hygiene promotion campaigns before the floods. These hygiene promotion training were organized by various organizations.

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Since the floods, no hygiene promotion have been conducted.

2.3 HEALTH

2.3.1 Medical Facilities

� 36.8 % of the assessed village clusters reported having medical facilities. A breakdown of these facilities by type is provided below.

The village cluster of Jabar (UC Jabar) is the only one with access to 2 BHU (Basic Health Unit). A majority of identified health facilities (85.5%) were found to be functional after the floods. Only 5 health facility buildings were damaged, among which 2 are no more functional following the floods.

UC Village cluster Health facility type Functional after the floods�� 3��1%� 45� Yes

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4 health facilities were reported as not being functional, which is explained by floods damages (50%) or lack of medical staff (50%).

2.3.2 Closest Health facilities � 85.5% of assessed village clusters have access to health care through a medical facility located

at close range, at an average distance of 15 km. In more than 50% of the cases, the most accessible health facility is the hospital.

83% of these facilities are still functional after the floods. 9 buildings were damaged, among which 8 hospitals. Despite the damages, all facilities were found to be functional and are adequately staffed.

However, the population of Seraitai village cluster (Downrai UC) and Doonak village cluster (Dislawar UC) has limited access to health care since no health facility is available at close range.

� Multiple health facilities nearby: 4 villages’ clusters have access to a second health facility nearby. These facilities consists of basic health units: 2 village clusters responded that they had access to BHU was , one village cluster to a private doctor

2.4 EDUCATION

� Education facilities: 343 education facilities were listed by community leaders, according to the following breakdown by category:

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Primary schools are the most available facility with an average of 4 primary schools per village cluster. However, higher education facilities, especially high schools and colleges, are rare (only Sheringaal village cluster – in UC Sheringaal – and Warai Payeen village cluster – in UC Warai – have access to a college). 4 village clusters do not have any education facility.

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Out of the 343 education facilities listed, 54 % have been assessed in details by the community leaders, and comprehensive information collected regarding their functioning, staffing and enrolment records as well as damages caused by the floods. A majority of these education facilities (86 %) were found to be functional after the floods.

53 education facilities have been damaged by the floods, out of which 20 are no longer functional. It should be noted that floods are not the sole explanation for the schools disruption: lack of access and teachers must be taken into account.

UC Village cluster Type of school Nb of male students Nb of female students

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The disruption of these 20 schools directly affects 7,610 students.

� Education facilities nearby: 16 education facilities located nearby the assessed village cluster were identified, with the following breakdown

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A majority of these education facilities are properly staffed. Among these 16 education facilities nearby, 3 got their building damaged by the floods, as follows:

UC VillageCluster

Education facility type

Functional Nb of male students

Nb of female students

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2.5 ROADS ACCESS

2.5.1 Accessibility

Main villages assessed are accessible through the following road types:

2.5.2 Floods impact

38% of the connecting road to the main villages, ie 327 km, has been indicated as damaged by the floods. Difficulties of access can be classified in two criteria: % of the road length damaged and their accessibility (i.e. whether they are passable or not). 16 main villages experienced complete damage of their connecting roads (100% of the total length), however only 3 of these roads were found as no longer accessible (as indicated in the table below). When combining the % of the road length damaged and the accessibility of the road, a total of 9 village clusters are hardly accessible, as follows:

UC Village Cluster Road type Road Length % of the road length damaged

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Apart from their impact on the roads, the floods also caused important damages to several bridges, hampering communication from one bank to the river to another.

UC Village Cluster Nb of bridges destroyed/ damaged

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2.6 AGRICULTURE2.4.1 Active population

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An estimated population of 44,796 farmers has been identified by community leaders, with a majority (78 %) being owners of their land. It should be understood that the division between land owners and tenants may vary significantly from one village to another.

2.4.2 Agricultural lands

126,904 acres of land are dedicated to agriculture in the assessed village clusters, out of which 16 % have been reported as damaged by the floods. However, it seems that the extent of damages is minor in 53 % of damaged agricultural lands and could be easily fixed.

2.4.3 Irrigation system

� All assessed village clusters use irrigation channels for agriculture, 49 % of agricultural lands being irrigated lands. The average length of the irrigation channels is 4.9 km.

� Floods damaged almost 43% of the existing irrigation channels which put irrigated crops at stake for the coming months.

2.4.4 Food availability

The figures stated below are a rough estimation of food stock losses as indicated by community leaders. Although they are not exact data, they give a good indication of possible food shortages.

� Flood damages per food commodity

Food commodity Stock before flood (Mt) Swapped by floods (Mt) % of destroyed food commodities

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� Most affected areas with food losses Food losses are massive in many villages, especially in Dog UC. However, the villages of Tal (Barikot UC) and Doonak (Dislawar UC) became highly food insecure since all food stocks were lost during the floods. Damages are therefore massive (over 90 %) and their extent is detailed in the table below:

Food commodity Nb of village clustersaffected

Estimate population affected Location

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2.4.5 Crops damages

� Flood damages per type of crop

Type of crops Cultivated land (hectares)

Destroyed land (hectares)

% of crops destruction

Maize �� 30

Rice �� 26.7

Orchards �� 32.5

Vegetables �� 21.7

� Most affected areas in crops damages (over 90 % of crops are destroyed)

Type of crops Nb of village clustersaffected

Estimate numbers of affected farmers

Location (UC)

Maize �� Palam (Batal, Gor Kohay, Jabal and Palam villages) and Tarpatar (Tarpatar village)

Rice �� Akhgram (Sahago village) and Darikand (Bandaka Payee village)

Orchards �� Patrak (Patrak village)

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Vegetables �� Patrak (Pingas village)

Losses in staple food crops are high since 18 % of the assessed village cluster lost more than 70% of maize crops and 6.5% of the villages lost more than 70% of their rice crops.

2.4.6 Livestock

� Few information was available on the impact of floods on livestock. However, primary data tends to indicate that damages on livestock are limited in Upper Dir. However this does not take into account the impact of the floods on fodder.

Type of livestock Nb before floods Nb dead with floods or slaughtered due to floods

Affected areas (UC)

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Kalkot (Kamati village) and Palam (Jabai and Palam villages)

Cow �� Karikot, Barikot, Palam,Pashta, Shahikot and Warai

Sheep �� Dog, Kalkot, Barikot, Palam, Shahikot, Patrak, Sheringham

Goats 165,178 6,258 Dog, Kalkot, Barikot, Palam, Shahikot, Pashta, Karkot, Patrak, Sheringham

Chicken/Hen �� Barikot, Kalkot, Palma, Patrak, Warai

2.5 LIVELIHOOD

Income sources vary a lot from one village cluster to another, depending on geographical situation, accessibility, existing facilities (markets, banks, public administration etc. As such, the figures stated below underline a general trend, but certainly not local profiles.

Economic recovery activities should to take into these specific profiles. Few highlights are detailed as follows:

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2.5.1 Agriculture

Agriculture except onchard in livelihood - Average on Upper Dir : 35 %UC Village Cluster Share of agriculture in village

clusters’ livelihood (%) ��

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2.5.2 Livestock

Livestock in livelihood - Average on Upper Dir : 4 %UC Villag’ cluster Share of livestock in village clusters’

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2.5.3 Salaried Employment

Salaried employment as main source of income - Average in Upper Dir : 5 %UC Village cluster Share of salaries in village


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2.5.4 Daily Labour

Daily Labour as main source of income- Average in Upper Dir : 44 %

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UC Village cluster Share of daily labour in village clusters’ livelihood (%)

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2.5.5 Business

Small Business as main source of income – Average in Upper Dir : 4 %UC Villages’ cluster Share of business in village


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2.5.6 Overseas financial support (remittance)

Remittances as main source of income – Average on Upper Dir : 7 %UC Village cluster Share of remittances in

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2.5.7 Orchard crops

Orchards as main source of income – Average on Lower Dir : 1 %UC Village cluster Share of orchards in village

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2.6 MAIN NEEDS

2.6.1 Main needs

Among the 80 main villages reviewed during the rapid needs assessment, priority needs following floods were identified by the community leaders as follows.

However, prior needs vary a lot from one village to another. As such, each need will be reviewed separately, as follows:

2.6.2 Food

24 villages stated access to food as their first prior need. All village clusters in Gul Day UC listed food as their top need. Other UCs with high food needs are Barawal (1 village cluster), Barikot, (3 village clusters), Darikand (1 village cluster), Dog (1 village cluster), Kalkot (2 village clusters), Palam (5 village clusters), Patrak (3 village clusters), Sheringal (1 village cluster), Tarpatar (2 village clusters). Food insecurity is due to damages on access roads and destruction of food stocks (immediate access to food) and destruction of irrigation channels and flooding of fertile lands and orchard (mid to long term access to food).

2.6.3 Access to water

Access to drinkable water is the first priority in 15 of the assessed village clusters. Indeed, these village clusters reported extensive damage to wells, water supply schemes and springs which put high constraints on the access to drinkable water.

2.6.4 Agriculture

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After access to food and drinkable water, support to agriculture and especially rehabilitation of irrigation channels is a top priority in 9 village clusters. As indicated above, irrigated culture accounts for more than 50% of the cultivated lands. Destruction of irrigation channels puts mid-term income generation at stake.

2.6.5 Shelter

Shelter was not stated as a main humanitarian need. However, shelter was reported as priority need in the 3 following village cluster:

UC Village Cluster % of houses destroyed

Nb of shelters needed

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2.6.6 Income generation

Income generation was indicated as priority need in Chukyatan village cluster (Chukyatan UC) and Almas Dijo village cluster (Tarpatar UC).

2.6.7 Health

Access to health care is a priority in the following 5 village clusters. UC Village Cluster Highlights

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2.6.8 Education

Access to education was mentioned as first priority need in the following 9 village clusters. UC Village Cluster Highlights�� 6��#�!� Only 2 primary schools existing

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rna- upper dir district-kpk august 2010 to submit

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